Venture Philanthropy

Nomenclature around social enterprise, social entrepreneurship, the social economy, social business, or social purpose business means different things to different people under different circumstances. Sometimes, it means different things to the same people in the same circumstances – sometimes even in the same conversation.

Clarity can be especially relevant for decision-makers at nonprofits -- particularly charitable, tax-exempt nonprofits -- for at least three reasons. First, they undertake their own strategic efforts to engage the marketplace to generate revenue and/or advance/scale their programmatic objectives. Second, they are often approached by enterprises purporting to be -- even fully believing they are -- social. Finally, charities increasingly compete with” social enterprises” for financial support, employees, customers, policymaker attention, etc. Given legal compliance mandates, charities must clearly understand who they are engaging with, how, and the extent of alignment or lack thereof.

Regulatory and policy interventions could reduce green/purpose washing, ambiguity, and confusion and promote aligned engagement, but only if the “middle,” social business space is sufficiently differentiated from traditional approaches and/or flexibility. If “virtually any organization can call itself a social enterprise,” it will lead to “blurriness as to which business is actually a ‘social’ one,” which arguably describes the current state in the U.S. Differentiation is important – if not essential. Vague invocations of nebulous degrees of attention to owner financial interests, market participation, and social good do not fill that need.

This essay submits that the U.S. lacks coherence, predictability, differentiation, critical mass, and a general will to enforce a reliable ordering of priorities that persists over time and can weather changes in ownership priorities and personnel. Even so, there are organizations whose operations are sufficiently different. There are also those that only purport to be different enough. Until there is differentiation at scale, this essay suggests that government regulation in the present will need to be through means applicable to for-profit businesses, which will help identify green/purpose washing, promote clearer communication of purposes and priorities, and facilitate alignment.

Decision-makers at charitable nonprofits (and elsewhere) need to understand the current state of ambiguity and their own principled priorities. They also need to be prepared with curiosity and even healthy skepticism.

To aid this understanding, curiosity, and skepticism, this essay first evaluates words commonly used in reference to social enterprise -- impact, intentions, and outcomes – but finds them deficient. The essay next considers means for differentiation, perhaps based on heightened commitment to social good, intentional connections between behaviors and socially good outcomes, and persistence of each of these through time and circumstance. Finally, the essay compares how other countries have invoked those concepts through legal structures or modalities, ultimately concluding that the legal structures and modalities in the U.S. do not support finding a cohesive “middle” space, yet.

Fintech is the driving force behind the digital economy, with the goal of improving cross-national interaction.
However, the future development of Fintech in ASEAN-6 remains ambiguous, with little attention paid to an investigation.
This study, therefore, aims to examine the Fintech ecosystem in ASEAN-6 countries by constructing a Fintech Index over
the period of 2017 to 2019. This index consists of the readiness and capacity to participate in Fintech activity, the level of
demand for Fintech services, and the possible future growth of Fintech. To achieve this objective, this study employs the
averaging methods, that is, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and entropy form. The results show that Singapore has the
strongest Fintech ecosystem, followed by Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The findings imply
that there is no single nation dominating the index by overlapping all aspects; ASEAN-6 countries are advised to resolve
the major obstacles to enhance the Fintech development.

The world is facing a global crisis on an unprecedented scale. If the international community does not take transformative action to combat climate change, people and communities will face increasingly dire consequences from rising global temperatures — extreme storms, droughts and wildfires, mass species extinction, new infectious diseases, famines, civil strife, and more. Some of these impacts are already becoming commonplace in the daily news.However, ClimateWorks' latest research reveals that less than 2% of global philanthropic giving is dedicated to climate change mitigation — not nearly enough to meet the scale of the global challenge. Although the field of climate change mitigation philanthropy has been developing rapidly, it clearly has immense room for rapid and sustained growth.This Funding Trends brief leverages one-of-a-kind data on funding flows to produce key insights for climate change mitigation philanthropy and includes a breakdown of foundation funding for cli...

et Co.spire Conseils Mirle Rabinowitz Bussell, Université de Californie à San Diego RÉSUMÉ L'objet du présent article est de présenter les principaux résultats d'une démarche de recherche réalisée entre 2019 et 2022 avec l'appui du Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH). La recherche portait sur l'étude comparative de dix fondations subventionnaires ayant adopté une posture d'intervention fondée sur le lieu (place-based philanthropy). Notre texte est divisé en trois grandes sections. La première se penche sur la philanthropie moderne. La deuxième présente le résultat de la méta-analyse qui a été réalisée au début de l'étude comparative. La troisième section expose les résultats de l'analyse comparative effectuée. Avant de conclure par un appel à l'action fondée sur le lieu, nous présentons les questions qui ont guidé notre collecte de données et validons ou invalidons nos hypothèses de travail.

This study examined the inclusion of environment, social and governance (ESG) criteria in the managerial decision-making process. The integration of ESG related information for the UK and French fund managers is discussed in this study. The data regarding managerial beliefs is collected using questionnaires filled by fund managers in the UK and French markets. Overall, our findings are mixed for the significant difference in beliefs. Managers of both countries have common beliefs that the Government demands environmental and social responsibility (ESR), ESR will better manage investment risks and corporate governance (CG) will bolster long-term shareholder value. UK managers believe that CG is the fiduciary obligation of the company while French managers believe that ESR is the fiduciary obligation of the company.UK managers believe that ESR is demanded by the shareholders while French managers have a belief that CG is demanded by the shareholders. French managers have the more favourable view towards ESR. On the other hand, UK managers have balanced beliefs toward CG, and ESR.

In the past dozen years, I have enjoyed the extraordinary privilege of leading two signifi cant grant-making programs that, in total, have awarded more than $850 million to grantees and benefi ciaries. My responsibilities as director of endowment and foundations and vice president of the Jewish Community Federation of Cleveland (1998–2006) and now as the founding executive director of the Jim Joseph Foundation have required me to develop complementary and yet, ultimately distinctive skill sets. I offer refl ections here on my experiences to illuminate differences between private and federation philanthropy. I also describe seven activities we can undertake in working together to strengthen and improve contemporary American Jewish philanthropy. When I discuss private foundations in this article, I am referring expressly to those that are governed actively by a board of directors. I recognize, of course, that much of Jewish private philanthropy is carried out by philanthropists whose ...

Dijitalleşme ve yaygın etkileri doğrultusunda yakın zamanda tartışılmaya
başlayan etik kaygılar, kurumsal sorumluluklar kurumsal dijital sorumluluk
kavramının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Dijital teknolojilerin sorumlu
kullanımına ve yönetilmesine odaklanan kurumsal dijital sorumluluk kavramı veri gizliliği, güvenlik, yapay zekanın etik unsurları gibi geniş alanlarda çeşitli konulara dijitalleşmenin olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirirken faydalarını en üst düzeye çıkarmayı amaçlayarak insan ve dijital teknolojiler arasındaki ilişkinin şekillendirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bölümde kurumsal dijital sorumluluk kavramının tanıtılması amaçlanarak kurumsal dijital sorumluluğun kavramsallaştırılması ve pratikte uygulanabilir kılınması
amacıyla yazında yürütülen tartışmalar, oluşturulmuş çeşitli ilkesel çerçeve ve modeller özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ilgili temel kavramlar ve sunulan çerçeveler doğrultusunda dikkat çeken tartışmalar ve kavramın geleceğine ilişkin hususlar kısa bir değerlendirme ortaya konulmuştur.

The study suggests that pension funds have developed methods to advance ESG objectives without significantly changing their investment portfolios. This approach enables them to influence corporate behavior while maintaining financial positions. However, all pensions and investors may suffer reduced returns when activism undermines value-creating investment. Pension systems that merely engage, rather than divest, may not underperform compared to other funds, but their tactics allow government-backed entities to exert extraordinary influence without sufficient accountability or transparency. The research found limited evidence that ESG activism has reduced the investment returns of the California and New York pension systems relative to those in Florida and Texas. However, this finding does not mean that ESG initiatives are cost-free. Instead, the costs are borne by the targeted companies and their investors, who absorb the operational changes and related expenses prompted by ESG demands. This arrangement effectively weaponizes pension fund capital to coerce corporate America into compliance with politically driven objectives, often at the expense of shareholders. Public pension systems increasingly influence corporate America through shareholder engagement rather than divestment. This approach may generate diffuse but substantial costs for publicly traded companies that are difficult to quantify or trace directly. The trend represents a troubling expansion of state power into private-sector governance and undermines free market principles and corporate autonomy in ways that may damage long-term economic growth.

In this paper we discuss: • the issues involved in establishing a risk budget for a pension fund • how the active risk may be budgeted across asset classes • what trustees should be looking for from their investment manager to ensure that the fund is being managed in line with ...

Authors' aim is to provide evidence regarding managing costs differences comparing Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) funds with traditional ones, if any, and if these are influenced by the ethical rating of the fund. The methodology is based on a multiple linear regression model in a matched-pair sample of 309 European SRI and non-SRI funds managed by the same managing company and a comprehensive sample of 558 European SRI funds. The main findings are on size, country, asset class, and ethical rating. Yet, the higher the ethical rating, the lower the TER, especially at the highest level of rating. If investors actively select higher ethically rated SRI funds, they will benefit from a lower cost charged by specialized asset managers. In investing in "good", choose the best!

The article investigates the concept of ESG and economic factors with SDGs to find the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and economic growth on the achievement of SDGs in the case of ASEAN countries. The study, based on secondary data from 1986 to 2020, employs quantitative methodology, particularly the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag to analyze relationships. It found positive correlations of independent variables (ESG and economic growth) and SDGs (dependent variable) with empirical data as evidence from ten ASEAN countries as case studies. This study, on the one hand, has some strengths of its own with insights into ESG’s role in sustainable development by utilizing secondary data over an extensive period on a topic of high interest at all levels from global, regional, national, sub-national, and individual. It, on the other hand, has some weaknesses of overreliance on secondary data and the exclusion of qualitative governance indicators, potential biases, counter-arguments, and research gaps.

The pursuit of sustainable finance has become a crucial method for tackling environmental issues, enhancing economic growth, and advancing social fairness. This study aims to examine the complex relationship between sustainable finance and inclusive growth, specifically targeting the connection between financial markets and social equity. This study seeks to clarify how sustainable finance initiatives can facilitate inclusive growth by improving access to financial services, encouraging responsible investment practices, and promoting equitable economic development through a thorough review of literature, policy analysis, and empirical investigation. The research aims to uncover essential drivers, obstacles, and possibilities for incorporating social fairness into financial decision-making by analysing case studies and best practices from various geographical and sectoral contexts. The project aims to evaluate the effects of sustainable finance methods on marginalised communities, vulnerable people, and underserved regions, offering insights into how financial markets might more effectively align with social justice and human rights principles. This research aims to educate policymakers, financial institutions, investors, and other stakeholders regarding the potential of sustainable finance to promote inclusive growth and equitable development, thereby furthering the objectives of sustainable development and social justice globally.

This paper aims at implementing a framework able to support the evaluation of an Social Impact Bond (SIB), integrating a financial evaluation with a social evaluation and starting from a measurement of the social uncertainty linked to an SIB programme. Following a literature review that identifies several different facets related to the definitions of social uncertainty, a quantitative scoring system to conceptualize social uncertainty in SIBs was developed using the Serrano-Cinca methodology. The first results encourage further research and propose suggestions and implications for scholars and practitioners Recent research on social finance (SF) is attracting the interest of scholars, practitioners and policy actors. As stated by Weber (2012, 3), SF is "an umbrella term for financial products and services that strive to achieve a positive social, environmental or sustainability impact". In the SF spheres, Impact Investing is increasingly acknowledged both in academia and public debate (see, among others Benedikter

address_inequality_seriously__101769.html. 5. See Rosenman, supra note 4 ("There is no policy area in which the voice of nonprofit organizations is more critical than in affecting legislators' deliberations regarding economic inequality and poverty.");

address_inequality_seriously__101769.html. 5. See Rosenman, supra note 4 ("There is no policy area in which the voice of nonprofit organizations is more critical than in affecting legislators' deliberations regarding economic inequality and poverty.");

Theories of social entrepreneurship aim to explain the motivations, strategies, and societal impact of ventures that prioritize social value creation alongside economic sustainability. These theories provide a framework for understanding the unique attributes and approaches of social entrepreneurs, helping to distinguish social entrepreneurship from traditional entrepreneurship.

This report aims to deepen understanding of the philanthropic environment in Africa
and how existing dynamics of power can be shifted. Specifically, it supports philanthropy
to enable funding systems that are:
• respectful of fund recipients and their organisations,
• solutions focused,
• driven by local communities and organisations that are at the heart of accelerating
transformative systems change and are rooted in the Global South, and
• committed to environmental, social justice and human rights work.

University-run venture competitions are a great opportunity for students (and often staff and alumni) to pitch their business ideas to a panel of judges for financial and non-financial help. The main aims are to boost student entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills, but they have several other positive effects.

No matter how you define it, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a hot topic. From community investing to business ethics to environmental sustainability and beyond, proponents of CSR view the business landscape through a lens that focuses less on profitability and more on the greater good.

his chapter examines the current obstacles and achievements in addressing the consequences of the COVID-19 ‎epidemic on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using financial technology (FinTech) as a framework. In a ‎contemporary period characterized by the widespread integration of technology across several sectors, the field of ‎financial technology distinguishes itself by harnessing sophisticated technologies to augment the caliber and ‎effectiveness of financial services. The primary objective is to enhance the facilitation of business operations, ‎restore eroded confidence, promote cost-effectiveness, provide a resilient financial infrastructure, and integrate ‎comprehensive solutions for financial institutions. The chapter is structured into three distinct sections, each ‎focusing on different aspects related to the implementation of FinTech solutions, the prospects and achievements ‎of Islamic financial institutions, and the present state of Islamic FinTech. The chapter utilizes a thorough research ‎methodology to examine the varied impact of Islamic FinTech in enhancing economic growth through the ‎provision of Shariah-compliant financial services. Specifically, it focuses on the resilience of small and medium-‎sized enterprises during the pandemic. ‎It offers valuable insights into the problems and triumphs associated with FinTech, with a ‎particular focus on the distinct environment of Islamic FinTech within the broader context of ‎global economic resiliency.

In Toward the Future of Arts Philanthropy, you'll find:- A review of the historic landscape and lack of equity in arts funding;- An overview of MMI's disruptive philanthropic approach rooted in equity; and- A discussion of opportunities and challenges in implementing a disruptive philanthropic approach

Local giving has been central to conversations and research for the past decade because of its recognised potential in shifting power and decision-making from the North to the South. The present research documents
the lessons African CSOs have learnt through their local giving practices and presents how these lessons can be applied to local CSOs in Ghana to strengthen the national philanthropic system. The research also analysed the types of local giving practices prevalent in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region and explored the influence of the
AfCFTA on the philanthropic environment.

In early 2017, ORS Impact evaluated and re-examined the David and Lucile Packard Foundation monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) principles and practice. The purpose of this evaluation was to discover what works well, identify areas for improvement, and stimulate reflection and experimentation. While this report uncovered many examples of strong MEL practice across the Foundation it also highlighted opportunities for improvement. Research findings fed into Foundation decisions to update both internal and external MEL processes and requirements, including refinement of the Foundation's Guiding Principles for MEL.A key audience of this report include readers wrestling with how to best support MEL in philanthropic settings so that it can support greater learning and impact, such as MEL staff working inside foundations and external evaluators working with foundations

This chapter delves into the evolving role of universities in community engagement, emphasizing the importance of moving beyond traditional volunteerism. It explores the concept of long-term partnerships, co-creation of solutions with communities, and initiatives that genuinely benefit local populations. By shedding light on innovative approaches and successful case studies, this chapter provides insights into how universities can strengthen their social responsibility by actively collaborating with and supporting the communities they serve.

Key takeaways:
• Inicia Educación, formerly Fundación Inicia, is an example of the shift from traditional to new philanthropy, shifting towards adopting a business mindset and a clearer involvement with policymaking.
• As an example of new philanthropy, Inicia Educación holds significant influence on shaping education policy and now seeks to use its leverage to generate profit through an associated for-profit consulting firm.
• The task going forward is to examine how political–economic considerations have facilitated the emergence and strengthening
of these organizations and contributed to the weak position of states vis-à-vis such actors.

This presentation was a contribution to the first ever African Philanthropic Development Conference organized by Spring Rain Global in collaboration with IHM in Nigeria in February 2024-
How philanthropy in Africa could develop in the coming decade and
Why this matters!
How do impact investors work with non-profits?
Philanthro-Capitalism.
The Social Finance Landscape.
The Origins and Expansion of Impact Investing in Western Africa. 
Supply of social investment in WEST AFRICA.
Who are the major impact investors in Western Africa?
DFI
Non-DFI (SFMs)
Foundations
Faith-based organizations
The Case for Faith-based Impact Investment.
A few conclusions and policy recommendations.

This is done when there is no separate entity for financial reporting purposes. For example, when branches or special trusts of the reporting entity are included in the reporting entities financial statements. • Consolidation: Where there is a parent subsidiary relationship and one entity (the parent) controls another entity (the subsidiary). Many charity group financial statements include both aggregation and consolidation as have branches as well as subsidiaries. Aggregated accounts Aggregated accounts are required where there is no separate legal entity or where there is a separate legal entity that meets the definition of a special trust. Charities may operate through branches or similar structures. In the context of charities the rules for accounting are discussed in the SORP.

Engineers invent new products, determine new methodologies and create new solutions. How can these skills and knowledge be used in setting up a business? Some engineers analyse and fix daily problems with great ideas, and we usually discuss our ideas, with our classmates, friends and family and many believe that it is just only a short step to take the inventions or methodologies to start up as an entrepreneur, but, why are there only several successful engineers-turned-entrepreneurs? This paper discusses on who an engineering entrepreneur is and how success is being measured. We will share our experiences on how we had transited from being an engineer to becoming an entrepreneur. Finally, the paper will discuss the contradicting attributes and route to becoming an entrepreneur and subsequently, a leader to maintain the business.

This research explored the implications of state-funded secondary education policy for private school management in Ghana. The research used the qualitative approach relying on the phenomenological design. Based on expert and modal purposive sampling techniques, a representative of Ghana's Ministry of Education, and 10 managers of 10 accredited private senior high schools in one of the country's regions took part in individual interviews. I analyzed the data using interpretative phenomenological approaches. Falling enrollment, inability to recruit enough qualified teachers and low revenue emerged as challenges facing private secondary school management. To overcome the issues, the managers resorted to contingency measures.

IDS is a charitable company limited by guarantee and registered in England (No. 877338). The IDS programme on Strengthening Evidence-based Policy works across seven key themes. Each theme works with partner institutions to co-construct policy-relevant knowledge and engage in policy-influencing processes. This material has been developed under the Policy Anticipation, Response and Evaluation theme. The material has been funded by UK aid from the UK Government, however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK Government's official policies.

Trusts and foundations are increasingly looking to become agents of social change themselves as well as funders of it—asking themselves whether providing more than direct services might make more of a difference. Two common ways that funders do this are through providing support to help organisations develop their capacity, and by using a funder's influence to advocate for change. Here we focus on the latter, looking at influencing practices of funders from around the world—exploring the methods that these take, the evidence for whether it works and how funders can approach impact measurement

Citations conform to A Uniform System of Citation (15th ed. 1991), copyrighted by the Columbia, Harvard, and University of Pennsylvania Law Reviews and the Yale Law Journal. Cite as 2 W. ST. U. CONSUMER L.J.-(1993) To THE READER The Western State University Consumer Law Journal's purpose is to provide a comprehensive resource, focused on commerce, for attorneys and the general public. It was conceived to serve as an aid in the analysis, evaluation and advocacy of issues that confront everyone as they act as, or on behalf of, consumers of products, services and their interrelated concerns; the marketing, merchandising, advertising, financial, charitable and legal components of commerce. The Consumer Law Journal has, therefore a broad reach, but a singular goal; to serve as a conduit of information from those who have knowledge of a particular part of the universe of commerce to those who have need of it. In this, the second volume of the Western State University Consumer Law Journal, the conscience of our economy is examined in Charity Begins at Home: Alternatives in Nonprofit Regulation and in Diagnosing and Treating the Slumlord Syndrome. The unanticipated side effects of the revolution in productivity through chemicals and its attendant risks to society has resulted in the need to monitor our exposure to them. The question of who should bear the burden of tracking these risks is discussed in Medical Monitoring: A New Cause of Action in California. One of the largest groups of consumers provided specific protections in their transactions are the buyers of automobiles. An updated understanding of these rules is provided in The California Lemon Law: A Misunderstood Statute. We are pleased to be able to continue to distribute the Journal to law offices in Orange County on a complimentary basis because the Journal has found support amongst the members of our legal community. We solicit your support through the submission of articles or initiation of a yearly subscription to guarantee receipt of subsequent issues. Questions or manuscripts should be addressed to the editorial staff c/o Western State University Law Review Association,

Having great potential, a mechanism that can leverage private involvement in energy efficiency deployment should be developed in emerging markets such as Indonesia. This study aimed to formulate an implementable financial innovative scheme for leveraging energy efficiency deployment in the country. Scrutinizing relevant studies and interviewing relevant stakeholders such as the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Energy and the Financial Institution, we formulated a blended financial scheme for an energy efficiency project. Main stakeholders will include the scheme, including fund facilitator, trustee, custodian bank and energy user/energy service company. In our proposed scheme, Indonesia Environment Fund (IEF) is obtained the fund from the fund facilitator. IEF will act as a trustee that delivers funds for the Custodian Bank. The bank will disburse the fund to the feasible energy efficiency project or through an energy service company. In this scheme, since banks get lower interest r...