University-business cooperation

Introduction: This study examines the resilience of the Quindío agroindustrial cluster in the face of economic shocks, analyzing how integration and collaboration between firms, influence its adaptive capacity. Objective: To evaluate the impact of business networks on the resilience of the cluster, considering different levels of integration and their effect on the absorption of economic shocks and the diffusion of ideas. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used, complemented with business network simulations to model low and high integration scenarios. Results: Higher integration among cluster firms significantly strengthens their resilience to market shocks and facilitates access to knowledge and innovation. In addition, the importance of strengthening inter-firm linkages and R&D activities to enhance the competitiveness of the sector is highlighted. Conclusions: It was found that, at different levels of integration, networks influence the cluster's capacity to absorb shocks and disseminate innovations, determining aspects to guarantee sustainability and competitiveness in the long term. This provides empirical evidence on clusters and highlights the need to strengthen business networks, in addition to offering guidelines for the design and formulation of territorial planning policies and instruments.

Szkoda, ˝e Autor wst´pu nie pokusi∏ si´ o przytoczenie danych statystycznych dotyczàcych liczby ludnoÊci paƒstw ba∏tyckich w okresie mi´dzywojennym. Z powodu tego braku czytelnik niezajmujàcy si´ na co dzieƒ tym obszarem mo-˝e mieç trudnoÊci w uÊwiadomieniu sobie faktycznej skali zjawisk (np. jaki odsetek ludnoÊci stanowià osoby poddane ró˝nym rodzajom represji lub walczàce z bronià w r´ku). Ksià˝ka nie zosta∏a te˝ wyposa˝ona w ˝adne indeksy czy wykazy skrótów, co bardzo utrudnia lektur´. Pomimo tych mankamentów jest to ksià˝ka wa˝na, a dla historyka zajmujàcego si´ dziejami antykomunistycznego oporu w Europie Ârodkowej i Wschodniej wr´cz bezcenna.

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Cooperation between Higher Education Institutions and Enterprises (HEI-E-C) is extremely relevant in regional economic development. Therefore, this study aims to understand the role of HEI in academic spin-off creation. To achieve this objective, we adopted the qualitative approach (case study method) and focused on a cooperation relation involving a Portuguese HEI and two academic spin-offs. For data collecting, several interviews with key informants and direct observation were used. Content analysis of the interviews with founders of these academic spin-offs and lecturers teaching the curricular unit of entrepreneurship in the HEI studied, the results identified some essential aspects to understand this type of cooperation (HEI-E): (1) the role of academic entrepreneurship and its importance in the growth of spin-offs for regional economic growth, (2) the influence of academic entrepreneurs' characteristics in the process of creating a spin-off, and (3) academic motivations to create spin-offs and the benefits of cooperation with HEIs. This study also presents implications for theory and educational and business practice.

Cette étude a pour objectif d'identifier les facteurs qui poussent l'intégration des WLAN dans les établissements d'enseignements supérieur et universitaire en RDC. Grâce à une analyse factorielle exploratoire menée sur un échantillon de 218 étudiants a permis aux auteurs de cette recherche de structurer 13 items initiaux de leur questionnaire en 8 facteurs sous-jacents. Il s'agit notamment de la connexion internet, du fournisseur de l'internet, de l'impact positive de la connexion, de l'inclusion des frais de connexion dans les frais académiques, de la qualité de la connexion, du pourquoi de l'utilisation de la connexion, du temps d'accès à Internet et de l'utilisation de cette connexion. Les facteurs à faible valeur de corrélation ont été éliminés en utilisant le logiciel PL+. Le test Alpha a atteint 71,82%. Les conclusions de cette étude montrent la nécessité de mettre en place des politiques visant à améliorer l'accès à Internet pour tous les étudiants, à réduire les coûts de connexion et à développer des

Cette étude a pour objectif d'identifier les facteurs qui poussent l'intégration des WLAN dans les établissements d'enseignements supérieur et universitaire en RDC. Grâce à une analyse factorielle exploratoire menée sur un échantillon de 218 étudiants a permis aux auteurs de cette recherche de structurer 13 items initiaux de leur questionnaire en 8 facteurs sous-jacents. Il s'agit notamment de la connexion internet, du fournisseur de l'internet, de l'impact positive de la connexion, de l'inclusion des frais de connexion dans les frais académiques, de la qualité de la connexion, du pourquoi de l'utilisation de la connexion, du temps d'accès à Internet et de l'utilisation de cette connexion. Les facteurs à faible valeur de corrélation ont été éliminés en utilisant le logiciel PL+. Le test Alpha a atteint 71,82%. Les conclusions de cette étude montrent la nécessité de mettre en place des politiques visant à améliorer l'accès à Internet pour tous les étudiants, à réduire les coûts de connexion et à développer des compétences numériques adaptées aux besoins des étudiants. D'où un appel aux établissements supérieurs et universitaires de la RDC comme d'ailleurs à investir dans les infrastructures numériques afin de profiter des avantages qu'offre les WLAN.

Higher education has seen a rise in the use of alternative credentials including digital badges, professional certificate preparation programs, and competency assessments. This study explores student perceptions of benefits from earning an industry-based certificate (IBC), which refers to assessment-based credentials administered and validated by third-party organizations. Data were collected using an online survey of undergraduate students. The results suggest that students perceived IBCs as beneficial, yet perceived benefits varied by whether or not the student had already earned an IBC. In addition, students who had, and had not, earned an IBC were both likely to be more interested in taking a course, and more likely to recommend a course that included an IBC as part of the course. Implications for higher education and suggestions for future research are provided.

The purpose of this research is to discuss the relationship between higher education and employment in Portugal. The Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of April 2, 1976, gives women (and men) a right to equal opportunities for school success, to access to the higher education and to better working conditions. However, despite the expansion of the education system, showing the rapid progress in improving baseline qualifications, women's educational attainment in certain areas remains a challenge. Thus, this research explores the development of the higher education system, examines the nature and implication of organizational change for graduates and assesses what attributes graduates will need in the next decade. Methodologically, this research relies on two different approaches. The first approach takes the form of a literature review, based on the legal regime of the Portuguese higher education system, considering that, according to Decree-Law no 402/73 of August 11, Portu...

Micro-credential  is  gaining  prominence  among  higher  education  institutions  in  the  Asian  region  to provide opportunities for lifelong learning and to address the gap between industry needs and the skills of  different  professionals  and  skilled  workers.  This study  aims  to  propose  a  quality  assurance  (QA) framework  to  ensure  the  quality  of  micro-credentials  offered  by  three  collaborating  universities  from Japan  and  Philippines.  The  proposed  QA  framework  could  be  used  to  assess  the  quality  of  micro-credentials  in  terms  of  design,  content,  learning  experiences,  learning  environment,  and  assessment. The framework could also be used to evaluate the implementation of micro-credentials by other higher education institutions.

Microcredentials have been a well-known concept for several years, but in the last decade, they have gained significant attention and discussion. The rise of online and distance learning platforms and the need for job-specific skills has made microcredentials an attractive option for individuals to upgrade their knowledge and skills rapidly and inexpensively. The term "microcredential" emerged in the early 2010s. Since then, it has become widely recognized and adopted as an effective way to acquire valuable skills and knowledge in less time than traditional academic degrees. This paper presents a case study on integrating microcredentials into an e-learning course on pedagogy of sports diplomacy at the university level. The study explores how microcredentials can enhance students' learning experiences and improve their employability prospects. It also examines the students' perceptions of the microcredentials and their impact on their motivation and engagement in the class. The research findings suggest that the integration of microcredentials can enhance the learning experience by providing students with the opportunity to develop specific skills and knowledge that are relevant to their career goals. The microcredentials program also enables students to demonstrate their achievements to potential employers, thereby improving their employability prospects. This paper aims to contribute to the scientific literature on using microcredentials in higher education. It also provides practical insights for educators interested in incorporating them into their e-learning courses

Egyetemi tudástranszfer és a nemzetközi kutatási hálózatok szerkezete Az egyetemektől az ipari innovációig áramló tudástranszfer földrajza napjaink köz gazdasági szakirodalmának széles körben kutatott témája. A vizsgálatok egyik meg határozó eredményeként említhető, hogy az egyetemek és az ipar közötti lokális tu dásáramlás hatékonyságát számos külső tényezőmint például az agglomeráció, a vállalkozói környezet vagy a helyi üzleti kultúrais befolyásolja. Az egyetemek nem zetközi kutatói hálózatokba való beágyazottsága és az egyetemekről származó tudás szétterjedése közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata viszont újdonság a közgazdasági szakiro dalomban. A kutatói produktivitás és a tudományos hálózatokhoz való tartozás között szoros összefüggés fedezhető fel. A hálózatok és a szabadalmak közötti kapcsola tok ígéretes témát szolgáltatnak az elemzések számára. Tanulmányunk a nemzetközi publikációk szerzőit magában foglaló hálózatok szerkezetének (például koncentráció, méret, integráltság) az egyetemi szabadalmakra vonatkozó hatását vizsgálja a tudás termelési függvény alkalmazásával a Pécsi Tudományegyetem különböző egységeiről gyűjtött adatokra támaszkodva.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: O3, R1, R58. *A tanulmány a CrosboR&D Interreg SL-HU-CR/05/4012-106/2004/01/HU-12. számú és a Versenyképes in tegráció az Európai Kutatási Térségbe (Verinekt) KF-30-3372/2004. számú NKFP-projekt támogatásával jött létre és a bővebb, angol nyelvű változat Varga-Parag [2009] alapján készült. 1 A jelenséget először például a Szilícium-völgyben vagy a Boston környéki csúcstechnológiai övezetben ter mészetes módon kialakult úgynevezett 128-as út esetében lehetett megfigyelni. Varga Attila egyetemi tanár, az MTA doktora, intézetigazgató, PTE Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Közgazdasági és Regionális Tudományok Intézete. Parag Andrea tanársegéd, PTE Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Közgazdasági és Regionális Tudományok Intézete.

Egyetemi tudástranszfer és a nemzetközi kutatási hálózatok szerkezete Az egyetemektől az ipari innovációig áramló tudástranszfer földrajza napjaink köz gazdasági szakirodalmának széles körben kutatott témája. A vizsgálatok egyik meg határozó eredményeként említhető, hogy az egyetemek és az ipar közötti lokális tu dásáramlás hatékonyságát számos külső tényezőmint például az agglomeráció, a vállalkozói környezet vagy a helyi üzleti kultúrais befolyásolja. Az egyetemek nem zetközi kutatói hálózatokba való beágyazottsága és az egyetemekről származó tudás szétterjedése közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata viszont újdonság a közgazdasági szakiro dalomban. A kutatói produktivitás és a tudományos hálózatokhoz való tartozás között szoros összefüggés fedezhető fel. A hálózatok és a szabadalmak közötti kapcsola tok ígéretes témát szolgáltatnak az elemzések számára. Tanulmányunk a nemzetközi publikációk szerzőit magában foglaló hálózatok szerkezetének (például koncentráció, méret, integráltság) az egyetemi szabadalmakra vonatkozó hatását vizsgálja a tudás termelési függvény alkalmazásával a Pécsi Tudományegyetem különböző egységeiről gyűjtött adatokra támaszkodva.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: O3, R1, R58. *A tanulmány a CrosboR&D Interreg SL-HU-CR/05/4012-106/2004/01/HU-12. számú és a Versenyképes in tegráció az Európai Kutatási Térségbe (Verinekt) KF-30-3372/2004. számú NKFP-projekt támogatásával jött létre és a bővebb, angol nyelvű változat Varga-Parag [2009] alapján készült. 1 A jelenséget először például a Szilícium-völgyben vagy a Boston környéki csúcstechnológiai övezetben ter mészetes módon kialakult úgynevezett 128-as út esetében lehetett megfigyelni. Varga Attila egyetemi tanár, az MTA doktora, intézetigazgató, PTE Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Közgazdasági és Regionális Tudományok Intézete. Parag Andrea tanársegéd, PTE Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Közgazdasági és Regionális Tudományok Intézete.

Egyetemi tudástranszfer és a nemzetközi kutatási hálózatok szerkezete Az egyetemektől az ipari innovációig áramló tudástranszfer földrajza napjaink köz gazdasági szakirodalmának széles körben kutatott témája. A vizsgálatok egyik meg határozó eredményeként említhető, hogy az egyetemek és az ipar közötti lokális tu dásáramlás hatékonyságát számos külső tényezőmint például az agglomeráció, a vállalkozói környezet vagy a helyi üzleti kultúrais befolyásolja. Az egyetemek nem zetközi kutatói hálózatokba való beágyazottsága és az egyetemekről származó tudás szétterjedése közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata viszont újdonság a közgazdasági szakiro dalomban. A kutatói produktivitás és a tudományos hálózatokhoz való tartozás között szoros összefüggés fedezhető fel. A hálózatok és a szabadalmak közötti kapcsola tok ígéretes témát szolgáltatnak az elemzések számára. Tanulmányunk a nemzetközi publikációk szerzőit magában foglaló hálózatok szerkezetének (például koncentráció, méret, integráltság) az egyetemi szabadalmakra vonatkozó hatását vizsgálja a tudás termelési függvény alkalmazásával a Pécsi Tudományegyetem különböző egységeiről gyűjtött adatokra támaszkodva.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: O3, R1, R58. *A tanulmány a CrosboR&D Interreg SL-HU-CR/05/4012-106/2004/01/HU-12. számú és a Versenyképes in tegráció az Európai Kutatási Térségbe (Verinekt) KF-30-3372/2004. számú NKFP-projekt támogatásával jött létre és a bővebb, angol nyelvű változat Varga-Parag [2009] alapján készült. 1 A jelenséget először például a Szilícium-völgyben vagy a Boston környéki csúcstechnológiai övezetben ter mészetes módon kialakult úgynevezett 128-as út esetében lehetett megfigyelni. Varga Attila egyetemi tanár, az MTA doktora, intézetigazgató, PTE Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Közgazdasági és Regionális Tudományok Intézete. Parag Andrea tanársegéd, PTE Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Közgazdasági és Regionális Tudományok Intézete.

Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Davey, T. D. (2015). Entrepreneurship at Universities Exploring the conditions and factors influencing the development of entrepreneurship in universities. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

University-Business Cooperation (UBC) is an essential mechanism for advancing interests of business, universities and societies. To improve our understanding of the future of UBC research and practice, this study reports on a priority setting process comprising a two-stage research design. Qualitative research identifies a portfolio of six priority areas and 58 related topics. A quantitative step then evaluates the perceived future importance and current advancement of these topics. This approach contributes to shaping the future of UBC by identifying topics that require particular focus to maximise opportunities. The paper concludes with clear future directions for both UBC theory and practice.

Economic growth happens when innovation meets entrepreneurship. With the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, universities were permitted to commercialize their federally funded research. But it was not until the mid-1990s that universities began in earnest to develop programs to facilitate commercialization and technology entrepreneurship. Despite this effort, today we still have not figured out how to best move more of our research into the market to benefit society. In fact, business struggles with many of the same issues as universities do. What have we learned? In this paper, I review the literature within the four domains of university entrepreneurship-1) the entrepreneurial research university; 2) new firm creation, 3) productivity of technology transfer offices (TTOs), and 4) the environmental context in which these activities occurand then offer an argument for a more integrated approach to understanding how universities and their researchers deal with the third mission: university entrepreneurship.

Despite 'knowledge transfer' emerged as a separate field of study at least three decades ago, its academic literature remains rather fragmented. To reduce complexity, several journals' special issues have attempted to frame up the literature both in a qualitative way and in a quantitative manner. Although these reviews help to bring some order to a flourishing literature, the theoretical background of knowledge transfer field of study still needs clarification. Who are their foremost scholars? How do they gather in visible or invisible colleges? How far the scientific communities of such domain have evolved over time? Has the knowledge transfer topic gained the status of an independent scientific domain? This article aims at shedding light on the knowledge transfer domain by mapping the invisible colleges on which the discipline is based. Drawing evidence from a network analysis of the backwards citations of the second generation of knowledge transfer studies, the authors point out that although the entire scientific domain has reached a strongly connected international dimension, it still manifests a persistent fragmentation. The paradoxical presence of a popular scientific domain without a proper independent theoretical body is consequently underlined.

The importance of university-business cooperation (UBC) continues to grow. To date, however, our understanding of UBC in education is lacking, as is our knowledge of the motivations of academics. This research explores a comprehensive mix of motivations underlying education-driven UBC in the form of student mobility, curriculum design and delivery, and lifelong learning. Specifically, drawing on selfdetermination theory, motivations across five orientations are examined, namely monetary, career, research, educational and social. Based on an extensive and wide-reaching European survey, this research demonstrates the context-specific nature of academic motivations for UBC in education. Not only do the motivations differ from those commonly noted in relation to commercialisation, the set of motivations varies across different education-driven activities. This research offers important contributions to theory and practice, revealing that academics are motivated more strongly by intrinsic than extrinsic reasons, with only social and educational orientations emerging as significant motivations across all four activities.

The potential for a functional 'triple helix' to contribute to economic development is being increasingly accepted and embraced, particularly the bilateral relationship between higher education institutions (HEIs) and business. However, university-business cooperation (UBC) is still a fragmented and indistinct field of research, and the understanding of UBC remains inadequate since most research is undertaken around specific elements, rather than as an encompassing, overarching and interconnected system. This paper aims fills this gap in the literature by putting the pieces together to create an integrated and comprehensive conceptual UBC framework for HEIs, the UBC Ecosystem. The framework illustrates the components present in the UBC environment for HEIs, such as inputs, activities, outcomes, outputs, impacts, supporting mechanisms, circumstances and context, specifying a wide range of sub-elements for each of them. In doing so, this paper makes a strong theoretical contribution with the creation of a conceptual framework, highlighting the more important elements and their interrelations as well as suggesting future research. Additionally, the paper makes a practical contribution, establishing a common UBC schema for HEI managers and policymakers to make strategic and operative decisions, and used as a base for evidence-based management and policy.

With pressure on universities to better contribute to society, academic entrepreneurship is an increasingly recognised source of new knowledge and technologies as well as being a driver of the movement to a knowledge society. However, whilst growing, the level of academic entrepreneurship in Europe is still relatively low. Two reasons that are factors influencing this are inhibitors (barriers) and facilitators (drivers), however the understanding of how their interplay influences academic entrepreneurship, particularly across different context is lacking. For this reason, this study focussed on two environmental settings, European regions and countries, seeking to understand if it is the hurdle (barrier) or (and/or) tailwind (drivers) that most impacts academic entrepreneurship and how does the regional or national context influence this. An online survey was translated into 22 languages and undertaken in 33 countries in Europe and the European Economic Area. From the original data set, 12 countries in four European regions provided a sample of 2925 responses, with a second step to focus on four 'lead' countries within those regions. The results show that there is a significant difference in the university-With relationship drivers primarily relating to collaborating with business for the purposes of research, it could be expected that high relationship drivers may positively impact the extent of UBC, however for entrepreneurial behaviour by academics, an individual pursuit for the creation of business, may indeed have a negative influence. As such it is anticipated that relationship drivers will have a significant but negative relationship with academic entrepreneurship.

The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the current state of the art in the use of customer databases, CRM system and management of marketing communication through selected principles ethical codes, socially responsible enlargement, integrated marketing communication and holistic marketing of SMEs operating in Slovakia according to company size. Research took place at 2017 and 2018, conducted through a questionnaire survey on a sample of 1009 SMEs in Slovakia. The data is processed using basic descriptive statistics. The detection of dependencies on the size of the enterprise in the application of the researched marketing communication attributes is tested through the Analysis of Variance ANOVA. The presented conclusions provide an overview of the use of progressive approaches and principles of marketing communications management in SMEs in Slovakia and their comparison in terms of enterprise size. Keywords—marketing communications, customer databases, CRM, SMEs

Knowledge transfer between universities and organizations is essential, not only for the organizations involved but also for the broader innovation system. Understanding the factors that drive or inhibit this process, thus, becomes a priority. Yet, the increasingly prolific academic literature dealing with university-business cooperation (UBC) possesses a strong focus on barriers rather than drivers and only examines few of the cooperation activities that exist in practice. This article offers a comprehensive review and analysis of an extensive set of barriers and drivers across seven UBC activities with a large sample of European academics from 33 countries. Results highlight that while the identified drivers significantly affect the development of all cooperation activities, barriers have more diverse effects. While significantly limiting research and valorization activities, they barely impact cooperation in education. Additionally, results show that even if academics perceive no barriers they still may not cooperate with business if there are no drivers in place. This article concludes by discussing the relevant implications for research, management and policy development regarding UBC, leading to directions for future research.

The goal of this study is to assess the relationships between the country's regulatory institutions and the relational capability and performance of clinical-trial strategic alliances. The country's regulation is made up of a set of formal institutions, i. e. codified rules, which aim to determine social actors' practices. Strategic alliances are long-term cooperative relationships voluntarily established between two or more autonomous companies with shared interests and goals to create competitive advantage. Clinical-trial strategic alliances are organized according to the contractual relationship and parties' relational capabilities that aim to overcome difficulties in the partnership activities and ensure intercompany cooperation, reflecting on organizational efficiency and effectiveness, and impacting on alliance performance. This work developed a critical review of the literature and expanded it through the establishment of novel relational propositions regarding the relationship between formal regulatory institution of countries and strategic alliances for clinical trial of new medicines.

The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the impacts of the creation of strategic alliances on the digital transformation of firms and how it improves their innovative power. Transforming business operations is not an easy task since it is costly hence through strategic partnerships, a firm can acquire the capital and resources required for digital transformation. Due to the advancing business environments, firms are operating in highly competitive markets, and without competitive advantages, firms are easily pushed out of the market. Today, technological needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are witnessing significant growth. Businesses in the manufacturing sector are looking for opportunities to enhance their digital capabilities leading to production efficiency. In this essence, firms are taking advantage of strategic partnerships to acquire technological capabilities and improve their innovation strength. Firms are aiming at tapping into new technologies, innovations, and potential that strategic partnership brings. The strategic partnership acts as a critical source of knowledge that can be used to improve organizational performance and promote effective operations. Through strategic partnerships, small enterprises can come together to solve these issues. A strategic partnership should be built on trust and collaboration and meeting the contractual agreement to ensure all parties benefit.

Habar a technologia fogalmanak, fejlődesenek, szerepenek, jelentősegenek es hatasainak kutatasa es vizsgalata egyidős az emberiseggel, es annak vetuletei szamtalan diszciplinaban, azok fejlődeseben is tetten erhetők, a technologia szervezeteken beluli strategiai menedzselesenek fő kerdeseivel foglalkozo interdiszciplinaris tudomanyterulet viszonylag rovid multra tekint vissza. Meglatasunk szerint az infokommunikacios technologiak megjelenese, a technologiai fejlődes es a kornyezeti valtozasok felgyorsulasa, az iparagi hatarok erodalodasa, az iparagi es a technologiai konvergencia megjelenese es erősodese, hogy csak nehany meghatarozo jelenseget emeljunk ki mind-mind hozzajarultak ahhoz, hogy a vallalatok strategiai es technologiai rugalmassaga a versenyben valo helytallas nelkulozhetetlen elemeve valt. Habar a szakterulet vitathatatlan kapcsolatban all a strategiai menedzsment, a projekt menedzsment, a tudasmenedzsment, az innovacio menedzsment es a mernoki menedzsment teruletekkel,...

Współczesny sektor IT napotyka trudności w gromadzeniu kandydatów na poszczególne stanowiska, co jest zauważalnym inhibitorem innowacyjności i realizacji znacznej części projektów. Istotne jest zatem poszukiwanie nowych sposobów ich pozyskiwania. Jedną z metod jest wczesne reagowanie na brak odpowiednich zasobów ludzkich i zaangażowanie się w edukację na poziomie akademickim. Istotne jest zatem szerokie popularyzowanie zagadnień informatycznych wśród środowisk naukowych i zachęcanie do aktywnego udziału w projektach inicjowanych przez firmy z sektora IT. Celem rozważań jest przybliżenie tej problematyki, jak również określenie obszarów współpracy uczelni i branży IT w celu podwyższenia kompetencji potencjalnych kandydatów do pracy w tym sektorze. Artykuł ma charakter metodologiczny.

The goal of this study is to assess the relationships between the country's regulatory institutions and the relational capability and performance of clinical-trial strategic alliances. The country's regulation is made up of a set of formal institutions, i. e. codified rules, which aim to determine social actors' practices. Strategic alliances are long-term cooperative relationships voluntarily established between two or more autonomous companies with shared interests and goals to create competitive advantage. Clinical-trial strategic alliances are organized according to the contractual relationship and parties' relational capabilities that aim to overcome difficulties in the partnership activities and ensure intercompany cooperation, reflecting on organizational efficiency and effectiveness, and impacting on alliance performance. This work developed a critical review of the literature and expanded it through the establishment of novel relational propositions regarding the relationship between formal regulatory institution of countries and strategic alliances for clinical trial of new medicines.

The purpose of this study is to explain the determinants of the process of investing in renewable energy sources (RES) from the perspective of enterprises, with particular emphasis on the strength of their orientation on such strategic issues as sustainable development, orientation towards innovation, as well as the level of maturity of their partnership with the client. The research method was carried out on a sample of 157 industrial enterprises in the food industry. The research process was conducted with the consideration of making these decisions dependent on the strength of companies’ commitment to several strategic issues: sustainable development, innovation orientation, and the maturity of their partnership with the customer. The results of the data analysis collected during the quantitative research show a strong correlation between the level of openness of the organization of the IR 4.0 era to RES and (a) orientation towards sustainable development, (b) orientation towards...

Higher education has an enormous potential to provide economic opportunities and career advancement for people in developing countries. Technology and the Internet can help reach the billion people who will be looking for affordable access to college instruction in the next few decades. Two promising strategies for serving this population are a for-credit version of a massive open online classes (or MOOC), and a microcampus where American universities partner with universities in the developing world to offer dual degree programs. Although MOOCs started as free courses for lifelong adult learners the mechanisms now exist for them to offer transferrable college credit. The microcampus mechanism offers highly scalable college education using a flipped classroom model. Both ideas hold out the promise of helping to democratize higher education and spread its economic benefits more widely.

Celem badania prezentowanego w artykule jest poznanie oczekiwań pracowników wobec przyszłego pracodawcy w świetle koncepcji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu (corporate social responsibility, CSR). W badaniu wykorzystano metodę sondażu, próba liczyła 153 studentów jednej z uczelni warszawskich. Respondenci oczekują przede wszystkim korzyści dla siebie: sprawiedliwej oceny osiągnięć w pracy, równowagi praca-życie, braku dyskryminacji w zakresie wynagrodzeń i awansów, wsparcia w dalszej edukacji oraz tego, by firma była postrzegana jako wiarygodna. W mniejszym stopniu oczekiwania ich wiążą się z wymiarem filantropijnym i ekologicznym. Wiedza respondentów na temat CSR nie różnicuje ich oczekiwań wobec przedsiębiorstw w świetle koncepcji CSR. Słowa kluczowe: oczekiwania potencjalnych pracowników, społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu Wprowadzenie Wśród korzyści dla przedsiębiorstwa wynikających ze stosowania koncepcji CSR wymienia się przyciąganie pracowników. Według różnych badań, poszukujący pracy przywiązują rozmaite znaczenie do poszczególnych aspektów CSR. Niektórzy autorzy w swoich badaniach ograniczają się do aspektu społecznego i ekologicznego (Kim, Park, 2011). Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, jakie są oczekiwania potencjalnych kandydatów do pracy wobec pracodawcy w świetle koncepcji CSR, przy czym za punkt wyjścia do ich poznania przyjmuje się model CSR według A.B. Carrolla (1991).

Cooperation in research, development and innovation (RD&I) between universities or research institutes and industries plays a fundamental role in the economic development of a country. Industry benefits from state-of-the-art laboratories and technologies from academia, while institutes learn about business reality and market needs. Numerous barriers to the establishment and maintenance of these partnerships have been investigated and reported in the literature, but the information generated by these empirical studies is very fragmented and there is a need to consider the barriers systematically in order to clarify the topic. The aims of this systematic review were to analyze university-industry collaborations set up for the purpose of RD&I in an effort to recognize the barriers and facilitators of the process and to identify the approaches by which such barriers may be overcome. Following searches of the Scopus database and application of the exclusion criteria, 86 relevant articles were identified and submitted to bibliometric analysis. Subsequently, 75 articles were selected for in-depth content analysis, and the ideas embodied therein were presented in a structured and comprehensive manner. Barriers were evaluated according to three different theoretical perspectives, namely the triple helix and the entrepreneurial university, the relational social capital and value creation, and technology transfer and cultural differences. The facilitators were categorized as internal and external. The results obtained highlight the importance of fostering relational social capital and providing tax incentives to facilitate industry's pursuit of innovation through academia partnerships, and also show that collaborative barriers in RD&I may be overcome to some extent by starting with smaller projects and gradually increasing their complexity. Based on the findings outlined in this review, we propose various lines for future research.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are often framed as providing affordable, flexible ways to deliver education on a global scale. However, opportunities for further study are often neither massive nor open. This leads to questions about how MOOCs fit within the broader landscape of online education. The particular focus of this chapter is the role of accredited micro-credentials in the evolution of MOOCs and their potential to offer a pathway from the open online course to further study that leads to credentialed and stackable higher qualifications. These reflections stem from the experience of a higher education institution in New Zealand delivering both free short courses and accredited micro-credentials on a MOOC platform. Data gathered from end-of-course surveys is used to reflect on the motivation of students to engage in further study. While the data reinforces known motivational factors for learners, they reveal limited motivation to progress to micro-credentials from short...

This article aims to analyze the influence of top management team (TMT) characteristics and employees' human capital on the adoption of open innovation practices in low-tech SMEs. The empirical study is based on the use of structural equations from the data derived from a questionnaire applied to 95 companies in the agro-industrial sector located in the northeastern region of Colombia. The results indicate that both the TMT's diversity and coordination have a significant and positive influence on the adoption of open innovation practices. On the other hand, regarding human capital, the results indicate that the experience of the employees is a more decisive feature when implementing open innovation strategies than their level of education and training. This paper contributes to the literature by providing part of the missing microfoundations of open innovation and more strongly connecting open innovation, human capital, and TMT configuration. Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de las características del equipo de alta dirección (TMT) y el capital humano de los empleados en la adopción de prácticas de innovación abierta en las pymes de baja tecnología. El estudio empírico se basa en el uso de ecuaciones estructurales a partir de los datos derivados de un cuestionario aplicado a 95 empresas del sector agroindustrial ubicadas en la región noreste de Colombia. Los resultados indican que tanto la diversidad como la coordinación del TMT tienen una influencia significativa y positiva en la adopción de prácticas de innovación abierta. Por otro lado, en cuanto al capital humano, los resultados indican que la experiencia de los empleados es un rasgo más determinante a la hora de implementar estrategias de innovación abierta que su nivel de educación y formación. Este artículo contribuye a la literatura al proporcionar parte de los microfundamentos faltantes de la innovación abierta y al conectar de manera más sólida la innovación abierta, el capital humano y la configuración de TMT.

This paper aims at conducting an analysis the competences of production engineering graduates, building on an industry view. To this end, we conducted a survey addressing 103 medium and large companies within the Brazilian manufacturing industry. The results suggest that companies do recognize the importance of competences. Some gaps in the competences of graduates were also pointed out by respondents. This study suggests the need for the development of efforts for providing the production engineer with a better professional background. The links between university and industry are likely to contribute towards such direction, notably as a starting point for institutions and industries to foster their student's competences, aiming their aptitude for an ever-competitive job market, which values the flexible, creative being, who is capable of creating innovative solutions.

The importance of university-business cooperation (UBC) continues to grow. To date, however, our understanding of UBC in education is lacking, as is our knowledge of the motivations of academics. This research explores a comprehensive mix of motivations underlying education-driven UBC in the form of student mobility, curriculum design and delivery, and lifelong learning. Specifically, drawing on selfdetermination theory, motivations across five orientations are examined, namely monetary, career, research, educational and social. Based on an extensive and wide-reaching European survey, this research demonstrates the context-specific nature of academic motivations for UBC in education. Not only do the motivations differ from those commonly noted in relation to commercialisation, the set of motivations varies across different education-driven activities. This research offers important contributions to theory and practice, revealing that academics are motivated more strongly by intrinsic than extrinsic reasons, with only social and educational orientations emerging as significant motivations across all four activities.

A közel múltban az üzleti finanszírozású kutatás-fejlesztési kiadások döntő hányada a teljesen, vagy döntő mértékben külföldi tulajdonban lévő vállalatok finanszírozták Magyarországon. Ez a magas hányad azt jelzi, hogy külföldi vállalatoknak jelentős szerepe van a kutatási programok formálásában és a vállalkozások és az egyetemek együttműködéseiben. Ez a fejezet arra koncentrál, hogyan alakítják a külföldi vállalatok kutatásiés kísérleti fejlesztési együttműködéseket a vállalakozások és az egyetemek között, és érinti a kormányzat szerepét ebben. A kutatás-fejlesztési együttműködések tárgya nagymértékben függ a gazdasági és jogi környezettől, valamint a potenciális partnerektől. Ez az írás a multik fogadó országa perspektívájából arra keresi a választ, hogy a vállalatok milyen K+F keresletet generálnak az egyetemeken? Az együttműködésekben mennyire jelentős az Ipar 4.0hoz köthető kutatások szerepe? Az egyetemekkel szerződő külföldi tulajdonú vállalatok hogyan formálják az egyetemek K...

A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university-industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists' involvement in these activities to which we refer as 'academic engagement'. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialisation, defined as intellectual property creation and academic entrepreneurship. We identify the individual, organisational and institutional antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and then compare these findings with the antecedents and consequences of commercialisation. Apart from being more widely practiced, academic engagement is distinct from commercialisation in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research activities, and pursued by academics to access resources supporting their research agendas. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions.

Higher education has an enormous potential to provide economic opportunities and career advancement for people in developing countries. Technology and the Internet can help reach the billion people who will be looking for affordable access to college instruction in the next few decades. Two promising strategies for serving this population are a for-credit version of a massive open online classes (or MOOC), and a microcampus where American universities partner with universities in the developing world to offer dual degree programs. Although MOOCs started as free courses for lifelong adult learners the mechanisms now exist for them to offer transferrable college credit. The microcampus mechanism offers highly scalable college education using a flipped classroom model. Both ideas hold out the promise of helping to democratize higher education and spread its economic benefits more widely.

The purpose of this research is to discuss the relationship between higher education and employment in Portugal. The Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of April 2, 1976, gives women (and men) a right to equal opportunities for school success, to access to the higher education and to better working conditions. However, despite the expansion of the education system, showing the rapid progress in improving baseline qualifications, women's educational attainment in certain areas remains a challenge. Thus, this research explores the development of the higher education system, examines the nature and implication of organizational change for graduates and assesses what attributes graduates will need in the next decade. Methodologically, this research relies on two different approaches. The first approach takes the form of a literature review, based on the legal regime of the Portuguese higher education system, considering that, according to Decree-Law nº 402/73 of August 11, Portugal promoted the democratization of education that was been consolidated in the expansion and diversification of higher education to match the need to ensure economic development of the country, requiring an ever higher number of technicians and administrators with higher education. The second approach takes the form of a descriptive statistical analysis, supported on the information provided by the Portuguese Public Employment Service (in Portuguese, Instituto do Emprego e Formação Profissional-IEFP) web portal, to provide a glimpse of the 'employability' agenda in Portugal. Additionally, supported on the statistical information provided by National Statistical Institute (in Portuguese, Instituto Nacional de Estatística-INE) and Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science that show the diversification of the higher education system and it increases the qualification of the Portuguese citizens, in general. In this sense, the research provides empirical evidence about the social dimension of the higher education system at the same time highlighting the influence of this aspect in the nature and implication of organizational change for graduates and assesses what attributes graduates will need in the next decade. Indeed, the results of the research show: young women hold a higher qualification than men with the same age; gender differences still exist in certain fields, with more men studying science, informatics and engineering, and with women dominating education, health and social protection; despite their higher educational attainment, young women still have lower employment rates than men; women with higher education earn lower of their male peers' earnings, in consequence of the under-representation of women in some fields of higher education, which are highly rewarded by the labor market. Thus, these results confirm those presented by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in March of 2015 on a study with 36 countries.

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja anketnog ispitivanja samoprocjene uloge emocionalne inteligencije i mekih vještina kod šest stotina ispitanika svrstanih u četiri karijerna razdoblja: studenti koji se pripremaju za rad, prvo zaposlenje, sudionici srednjih tridesetih koji rade i na kraju osobe u četrdesetima, s desetgodišnjim iskustvom i nešto zrelijim promišljanjem. U provedenoj analizi potvrđena je osnovna hipoteza istraživanja kako su emocionalna inteligencija i meke vještine prisutne u svim periodima osobnog razvoja te da se njihova važnost primjećuje i raste kako ljudi postaju stariji u više uključeni u radno okruženje.

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja anketnog ispitivanja samoprocjene uloge emocionalne inteligencije i mekih vještina kod šest stotina ispitanika svrstanih u četiri karijerna razdoblja: studenti koji se pripremaju za rad, prvo zaposlenje, sudionici srednjih tridesetih koji rade i na kraju osobe u četrdesetima, s desetgodišnjim iskustvom i nešto zrelijim promišljanjem. U provedenoj analizi potvrđena je osnovna hipoteza istraživanja kako su emocionalna inteligencija i meke vještine prisutne u svim periodima osobnog razvoja te da se njihova važnost primjećuje i raste kako ljudi postaju stariji u više uključeni u radno okruženje.

There is a paucity of knowledge on research commercialization by university scientists worldwide. The objective of this paper is to identify the role that Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) and direct Industrial Funding play in university research commercialization in transition economies of Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan during 2015-2017. We do this by developing a novel database and a multi-level model which explains how individual attributes, organizational and ecosystem characteristics explain the extent of knowledge commercialization. We apply the generalized Heckman approach to account for two selection biases, reducing the sample from 2,602 to 272 scientists, and further use a mixed-method approach to analyse 27 faceto-face interviews with researchers and TTO managers. The results demonstrate that research commercialization is not associated with the existence and awareness of TTO or the establishment of commercialization contracts via TTO, but the direct industrial funding of university research. Taken together the findings have clear implications for scholars, scientific entrepreneurs, TTOs and investors who aim to exploit university knowledge in transition economies. KEYWORDS Technology Transfer Offices, Industry funding, knowledge spillover, knowledge transfer, academic entrepreneurship, transition 1. Introduction The role of contemporary universities has become multifaceted (Etzkowitz et al. 2000;