Transfusion medicine

proteolysis VWFpp is truncated/disconnected from the mature VWF molecule to form a non--covalent complex with VWF. The VWFpp-VWF complex is stored in endothelial and platelet storage granules and released into the bloodstream where it dissociates into VWFpp and VWF. The purpose of the study was to determine the VWFpp level and the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio in patients with VWD and AVWS and to assess the significance of these biomarkers for diagnosis and management of congenital and acquired von Willebrand disease. Our study involved 120 VWD patients; 21 with AVWS and 111 healthy controls. Study results confirm that VWFpp level and the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio have significant value for discrimination between severe type 1 VWD and type 3 VWD as well as between acquired and congenital VWD which has serious implications for therapy. The biomarkers are also useful for identification of patients in whom DDAVP treatment may prove ineffective. In type 1 VWD (< 30 IU/ml) the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio was elevated in 57% of patients while in the group of patients with threshold VWF values ('Low VWF', the ratio was within normal, which may be suggestive of other underlying causes of VWF deficiency. Assays in patients with non-neutralizing anti-VWF antibodies (AVWS) have shown that the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio www.jtm.viamedica.pl Ksenia Bykowska et al., Von Willebrand factor propeptide (VWFpp) can have significant impact on monitoring therapy and assessment of remission in patients with anti VWF antibodies.

proteolysis VWFpp is truncated/disconnected from the mature VWF molecule to form a non--covalent complex with VWF. The VWFpp-VWF complex is stored in endothelial and platelet storage granules and released into the bloodstream where it dissociates into VWFpp and VWF. The purpose of the study was to determine the VWFpp level and the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio in patients with VWD and AVWS and to assess the significance of these biomarkers for diagnosis and management of congenital and acquired von Willebrand disease. Our study involved 120 VWD patients; 21 with AVWS and 111 healthy controls. Study results confirm that VWFpp level and the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio have significant value for discrimination between severe type 1 VWD and type 3 VWD as well as between acquired and congenital VWD which has serious implications for therapy. The biomarkers are also useful for identification of patients in whom DDAVP treatment may prove ineffective. In type 1 VWD (< 30 IU/ml) the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio was elevated in 57% of patients while in the group of patients with threshold VWF values ('Low VWF', the ratio was within normal, which may be suggestive of other underlying causes of VWF deficiency. Assays in patients with non-neutralizing anti-VWF antibodies (AVWS) have shown that the VWFpp/VWF: Ag ratio www.jtm.viamedica.pl Ksenia Bykowska et al., Von Willebrand factor propeptide (VWFpp) can have significant impact on monitoring therapy and assessment of remission in patients with anti VWF antibodies.

Von Willebrand factor propeptide (VWFpp) is a fragment of a new synthesized VWF molecule that plays an important part in the biosynthesis of this protein. After completion of multimerisation of von Willebrand factor (VWF) dimers in the Golgi apparatus, as result of furin proteolysis VWFpp is truncated/disconnected from the mature VWF molecule to form a non-covalent complex with VWF. The VWFpp-VWF complex is stored in endothelial and platelet storage granules and released into the bloodstream where it dissociates into VWFpp and VWF. Plasma VWFpp level and ratio of plasma VWF propeptide (VWFpp) to VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) i.e VWFpp /VWF:Ag ratio are important biomarkers of VWF synthesis/release/clearance. These biomarkers have distinct therapeutic utility as they help to identify patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) in whom DDAVP (desmopressin 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) is ineffective due to rapid VWF clearance. They also have significant diagnostic value because they help...

Współczesny Oddział Intensywnej Terapii Kardiologicznej (OITK) to miejsce, gdzie leczeni są pacjenci z ostrymi zespołami wieńcowymi, z ostrą i zaostrzoną przewlekłą niewydolnością serca, wstrząsem kardiogennym, po nagłym zatrzymaniu krążenia, z burzą elektryczną, a także z pilnymi wskazaniami do leczenia kardiochirurgicznego. Większość tych chorych wymaga stosowania jednego, dwóch, a nierzadko trzech leków wpływających na układ krzepnięcia. Leki przeciwzakrzepowe, zabezpieczając pacjentów przed zdarzeniami zakrzepowo -zatorowymi, zwiększają jednocześnie ryzyko krwawień. Krwawienia w tej grupie pacjentów mogą mieć niejednokrotnie gorszy wpływ na rokowanie niż choroba podstawowa. Niniejsza opinia ekspertów Asocjacji Intensywnej Terapii Kardiologicznej ma za zadanie przedstawić praktyczne wskazówki postępowania z pacjentami na OITK w celu zmniejszenia ryzyka krwawień i sposobu SŁOWA KLUCZOWE leczenie przeciwpłytkowe, leczenie przeciwkrzepliwe, krwawienie, oddział intensywnej terapii kardiologicznej

Just over three months after the diagnosis of the first cases in the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has become one of the most serious global health crises of modern times. As of March 31, according to the World Health Organization, 750,890 novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) cases have been diagnosed worldwide. The death toll has reached the alarming figure of 36,405 1 , and numbers are continuing to rise at a dramatic rate. As we write, the COVID-19 outbreak seems to be under control in China, thanks to the measures adopted by the Chinese Government, which led to the lockdown of entire cities, and the management of the crisis by the Chinese National Health System. The main increase in new cases is now being observed in other countries, especially, but not only, in Western Europe and North America. In Italy, the number of infections has risen exponentially since the end of February 2 ; by the end of March, a decrease in the rate of new cases had been observed, though it is too early to confirm a favourable trend 1 . It is very complex and perhaps inconclusive to write about COVID-19 while the pandemic is in progress. Nevertheless, we believe it is necessary to include in the second issue of Blood Transfusion 2020 two brief commentaries on COVID-19 and Transfusion Medicine, the most relevant of which from our chinese colleagues Xiaohong Cai, Ming Ren, et al. . What is the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on Transfusion Medicine? The principal clinical issue, blood safety, has been discussed by Le Chang and colleagues in a recent review 4 . The authors report knowledge gained during the previous human Coronavirus epidemics, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and highlight the differences with the present pandemic, the main difference being that COVID-19 patients seem to be infectious during the asymptomatic incubation period. This implies that blood donors must be carefully evaluated to prevent a potential blood-borne transmission. The Italian National Blood Center (Centro Nazionale Sangue, CNS 5 ) has, therefore, recommended deferring donors who, in the 14 days prior to donation, have had a fever (>37.5°C), symptoms of respiratory tract infection (cough, dyspnoea, sore throat, rhinorrhoea), or who have had contact with a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19. The CNS has also emphasised the importance of setting up procedures to collect Post Donation Information (PDI) for all donations. Should a Transfusion Centre receive a PDI concerning a confirmed COVID-19 donor within 14 days of donation, all non-transfused blood components will be eliminated, and, in case of transfusion, the reference physician will be immediately informed to allow follow up of their patients. Moreover, safety of the Donor Center staff must also be addressed. Preliminary data indicate that viraemia is present in 15% of patients, although with low

Dostępność krwi i jej składników wykorzystywanych w celach leczniczych, w związku z brakiem możliwości syntetycznego jej wytworzenia, zależy od gotowości obywateli kraju do jej honorowego oddawania. Na tym bazuje istota krwiodawstwa. Ponadto, zgodnie z polityką Unii Europejskiej, państwa członkowskie mają w taki sposób prowadzić gospodarowanie zasobami krwi, by być w pełni krajem samowystarczalnym. Oznacza to, że wszelkie potrzeby w zakresie wykorzystania krwi i jej składników muszą być zaspokojone z pozyskanych na terenie kraju zasobów. W tym celu kraje członkowskie mają za zadanie stworzyć sprawnie działający system krwiodawstwa na swoim terytorium. System krwiodawstwa można, jak to wynika z obserwacji, podzielić na system cywilny i służb mundurowych oraz równolegle publiczny, prywatny i mieszany. Pozyskanie krwi od dawców to jedynie początek procesu gospodarowania krwią w systemie krwiodawstwa. Poza poddaniem jej procesowi przetwarzania i konserwowania są podejmowane decyzje zarządcze w zakresie jej składowania, lokalizacji miejsca przechowywania, jak również zasad przekazywania do jednostek ochrony zdrowia, w których krew, jako lek, ma służyć dobru konkretnych pacjentów. Działanie systemu krwiodawstwa poprzez umiejętne zarządzanie zasobami ma również na celu ograniczanie ryzyk związanych z brakiem krwi i jej składników w czasie i przestrzeni. Aby zmniejszyć część problemów powodowanych niską dostępnością krwi w funkcjonowaniu systemu krwiodawstwa,

Los Linfomas de Células del Manto representan menos del 10 % de todos los Linfomas no Hodgkin y tienen un comportamiento agresivo. Esta obra está bajo una licencia m ons.org/licenses/b y -nc/4.0/deed.es_E S Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-patológicamente de pacientes con diagnóstico de Linfomas de Células del Manto. Métodos: Se realizó estudio retrospectivo y observacional en 40 pacientes con dicho diagnóstico tratados en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología, en el período de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2008 y 2019. Se estudiaron variables relacionadas con las características demográficas de los individuos, características de la enfermedad al diagnóstico, así como el tipo de terapéutica recibida. Se estimó la supervivencia global por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: La mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue 62 años. El 55,0 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino. La clasificación clínica por estadios de Ann-Arbor, mostró que 20 % y 50 % tenían etapas clínicas III y IV, respectivamente. El 40 % de pacientes tuvieron compromiso extraganglionar en el sistema digestivo. El 25 % de pacientes recibieron regímenes asociados a rituximab, de ellos el 42,5 % basado en citarabina. Se alcanzó respuesta completa en 77,5 % de los casos luego del tratamiento de inducción. La supervivencia global fue 46,3 % a 5 años. El Linfomas de Células del Manto es una entidad poco frecuente y en la mayoría de los pacientes se diagnostica en etapas avanzadas con afectación extraganglionar y con el tratamiento de inducción se alcanzan altas tasas de respuesta.

Anaemia is a common presentation feature in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Blood transfusion remains an important aspect of patient management in VL. However, triggers considered for making decisions on transfusion are poorly understood. This review is based on the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) VL clinical trials library, a database of all published efficacy studies since 1980 and has indexed 160 published trials (1980–2021). Description of blood transfusion was reported in 16 (10.1%) trials (n=3,459 patients). Transfusion was initiated solely based on haemoglobin (Hb) measurement in 9 studies, using a combination of Hb and other health conditions (epistaxis, poor health, or clinical instability) in 3 studies, and the criteria was unclear in 4 studies; Hb threshold ranged from 3-8 g/dL. Overall, the number of patients receiving transfusion was explicitly reported in 10 trials (n=2,421 patients enrolled). Of these, 217 patients underwent transfusion; 58 befo...

Aim The objective of this study was the analysis of the efficacy of prophylaxis and therapy of invasive fungal disease (IFD) with micafungin in children undergoing intensive Artyku jest dost pny na zasadzie dozwolonego u ytku osobistego. Dalsze rozpowszechnianie (w tym umieszczanie w sieci) jest zabronione i stanowi powa ne naruszenie przepisów prawa autorskiego oraz grozi sankcjami prawnymi.

Serum C-Reactive Protein was measured serially in 45 patients treated with uncomplicated primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (24 THR y 21 TKR). Blood specimens were obtained before surgery, on surgery day and on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 13th, 42nd and 150th postoperative days. In both groups serum CRP levels increased rapidly after surgery, with maximum levels on second postoperative day, higher in the TKR group and decreased gradually to preoperative levels on day 150, but still high on 42nd day. Levels returned to normal after surgery at the same time in both groups and no significant differences were found. Rising CRP levels after the third postoperative day may suggest a surgery complication such as infection.

Podczas Międzynarodowego Kongresu International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT), który odbył się w Toronto (Kanada) w dniach 2-6 czerwca 2018 roku, podobnie jak w latach poprzednich wiele uwagi poświęcono metodom inaktywacji biologicznych czynników chorobotwórczych w składnikach krwi. Zagadnienia te szczegółowo omówiono podczas sesji plenarnych i plakatowych. Na sesji plenarnej wygłoszono pięć wykładów dotyczących inaktywacji. W czasie zjazdu ISBT zaprezentowano ponad 800 prac plakatowych, z czego 29 dotyczyło inaktywacji czynników chorobotwórczych w składnikach krwi, przy zastosowaniu trzech systemów: Mirasol, Intercept oraz Theraflex.

Począwszy od konca lat 90. ubieglego stulecia metody inaktywacji biologicznych czynnikow chorobotworczych (na potrzeby niniejszego artykulu bedzie stosowany skrot — metody inaktywacji) w skladnikach krwi przeznaczonych do przetoczenia zaczeto wdrazac do rutynowej pracy placowek sluzby krwi w wielu krajach. Na podstawie doświadczen zdobytych podczas opracowywania metod inaktywacji czynnikow zakaźnych w procesie frakcjonowania osocza, skoncentrowano sie na opracowaniu metod inaktywacji w osoczu przeznaczonym do celow klinicznych.

Podczas Miedzynarodowego Kongresu International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT), ktory odbyl sie w Toronto (Kanada) w dniach 2–6 czerwca 2018 roku, podobnie jak w latach poprzednich wiele uwagi poświecono metodom inaktywacji biologicznych czynnikow chorobotworczych w skladnikach krwi. Zagadnienia te szczegolowo omowiono podczas sesji plenarnych i plakatowych. Na sesji plenarnej wygloszono piec wykladow dotyczących inaktywacji.

Wstęp. Jednym z elementów składających się na bezpieczeństwo krwi jest automatyzacja procesu preparatyki krwi pełnej konserwowanej (KPK) w celu uzyskania poszczególnych składników. W 2017 roku w Regionalnym Centrum Krwiodawstwa i Krwiolecznictwa (RCKiK) w Łodzi wprowadzono system Reveos, który dzięki połączeniu funkcji wirówki i prasy zapewnia pełną automatyzację procesu rozdziału KPK, minimalizując ryzyko błędu ludzkiego, poprawiając tym samym dokładność i powtarzalność. Cel. Porównanie wyników kontroli jakości składników krwi otrzymanych po rozdziale KPK za pomocą pras Compomat G5 i Optipress II oraz systemu Reveos. Porównanie stopnia spełnienia zaleceń dotyczących jakości składników krwi zawartych w obowiązujących przepisach. Materiały i metody. Rozdzielono na składniki 150 jednostek KPK, wykorzystując w/w systemy, oznaczając wybrane parametry.

Objectives: Assessment of the impact of pooling five single-donor plasma (SDP) units to obtain six pathogen-reduced therapeutic plasma (PTP) units on standardisation and the retention of labile coagulation factors. Background: SDP shows a high inter-donor variability with potential implications for the clinical treatment outcome. Additionally, there is still an existing risk for windowperiod transmissions of blood borne pathogens including newly emerging pathogens. Methods/Materials: Five ABO-identical SDP units were pooled, treated with the INTERTCEPT™ Blood System (Cerus Corporation, U.S.A.) and split into six PTP units which were frozen and thawed after 30 days. The variability in volume, labile coagulation factor retention and activity was assessed. The variability of volumes between the PTP units was reduced by 46% compared to SDP units. The variability in coagulation factor content between the PTP units was reduced by 63% compared to SDP units. Moderate, but significant losses of coagulation factors (except for vWF) were observed in PTPs compared to SDPs. The pooling of five SDP units to obtain six PTP units significantly increases product standardisation with potential implications for safety, economics as well as transfusion-transmitted pathogen safety, making it an interesting alternative to quarantine SDP (qSDP) and pathogen-reduced SDP.

Direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) in cord blood (CB) is traditionally done by agglutination using tube methods (T). According to the literature, recently introduced DAT testing by Gel technology (G) detects red cell coating by maternal antibodies (MA) at variable rates, particularly for ABO antibodies. At our institution 46% of those newborns undergoing exchange transfusion for HDN who have a positive DAT have ABO antibodies. This study prospectively evaluates the performance of G as compared to the T for routine use in DAT testing of CB at our institution and its clinical relevance. Prospectively, 122 sequential CB specimens received in the lab were tested in parallel by G and T. Additionally, 20 CB specimens prospectively found to be DAT positive by T were tested by G. The tube method used was done by standard procedure. G was done according to the manufacture's directions (ID-MTS) using the recommended Gel cards. 142 specimens were tested for both T and G. Overall 33 specimens were DAT positive, 30 due to ABO MA and 3 due to non-ABO MA. T detected all 33 of these, while G detected 10 (30%). DAT by G was positive in all 3 non-ABO MA and in 7 of 30 (23%) ABO MA. Overall sensitivity of G was 0.30, and 0.23 for ABO MA. Overall sensitivity of T was 1.0, and 1.0 for ABO MA. Both G and T had a sensitivity of 1.0 for non-ABO MA. G was found not to be adequate for detection of DAT due to ABO MA in CB, and may fail to provide the neonatologist with correct DAT status in a proportion of potentially clinically relevant situations. Using G may result in lack of detection of 77% of positive DAT due to ABO MA in CB.

Climate change significantly threatens public health, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with underexplored impacts on urological health. Rising temperatures, water scarcity, and ecological shifts have fuelled increasing rates of kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and urogenital schistosomiasis in the region. Despite clear evidence linking dehydration and environmental factors to these conditions, major adaptation strategies from the World Health Organisation (WHO), the African Union (AU), and national governments largely neglect this issue. Critical gaps include limited diagnostic capacity, low public awareness, inadequate funding, and a shortage of specialists. This study highlights the need to integrate urological health into climate frameworks, invest in water and sanitation infrastructure, expand research and surveillance, and run targeted public health campaigns. A coordinated approach across health, water, environment, and education sectors is vital for climate-resilient health systems and long-term health equity in SSA.

Aims: Our retrospective study was done to evaluate the response of transfusion-transmissible infection (TTI)-reactive donors after notification of their abnormal test results from January-May 2025. Materials and Methods: This study is an Retrospective study performed at RBH hospital over a period of 4months. Our study evaluated the response rate of TTI-reactive donors after notification of their abnormal test results over 4 months as per the existing strategy (three telephonic and two postal communications). The National Blood Policy of India, advocates the results of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) to be disclosed to blood donors. Results: During the study period, 23 blood donors were found to be serious in the 4-month donation of 1,431 units. Of these 464 seroreactive cases, 1 HIV positive, 8 were hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), 1 hepatitis C (HCV) positive, and 13 were not VDRL reactive. TTI-reactive donors (22) were contacted with various markings. Few phones were notified by mail if they were not available via telephone. The return rate of 22 contacted donors was 96.2%. This is because two donors reported one per person (18 at first, three at the second, one at the third call) have been reported. The remaining 1 non-responders were VDRL reactive. Conclusion: Donation Notification and Grants are important aspects of the Healthcare System, providing information about serological status, the impact of test results on donors, and ultimately transfer to healthcare. Similar to our data, only 96.2% of blood donors were able to contacted over phone, and as incomplete demographic details were the main limiting factors when communicating. The rate of return for 22 contact donors was 96.2%. The majority of notification donors for our study contacted their health service providers when they received clear instructions. The very high rate of return of donors contacted ensured they knew the status of the test results.

The recently identified Gwada negative blood type presents an unprecedented clinical challenge: a phenotype so immunologically distinct that no known donor blood is compatible. Current transfusion science, rooted in antigen matching within ABO and Rh systems, offers no pathway for safe transfusion. This paper proposes a dual-layer framework for understanding and addressing the Gwada negative type.
Layer 1 employs established biomedical methods — glycomic profiling, dielectric spectroscopy, microvascular laminar flow analysis — to characterize the biochemical and fluid dynamic parameters of the Gwada negative phenotype. Layer 2 introduces a field-physics perspective, treating structured (laminar) water as a coherent biological medium and the Gwada negative state as a metastable phase that couples to physiological and environmental fields.
We propose that transfusion incompatibility may arise not solely from antigen mismatch but from phase-state incoherence in the hydration shells surrounding red blood cells. This hypothesis opens a therapeutic pathway: conditioning donor blood to align with the recipient’s coherence phase prior to transfusion, using laminar flow induction, low-frequency electromagnetic fields, and acoustic resonance.
Beyond addressing the urgent needs of the single known Gwada negative patient, this work reframes blood compatibility as a multidimensional phenomenon — one that bridges immunology, fluid dynamics, and field theory — and may serve as a prototype for integrating phase-coherence models into clinical practice.

Although the risk of infection with hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses from blood transfusions has been reduced to negligible levels, emerging infections continue to offer threats. Such threats occur with any infection that has an asymptomatic, blood-borne phase. In the past, it was thought that any emerging transfusion-transmitted disease would have epidemiologic properties similar to those of AIDS or viral hepatitis. Over the past 20 years, however, greatest concern has arisen from variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, West Nile virus, and Babesia. These and other emerging infections are discussed in the context of blood safety.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of red cell alloimmunization and identify the common alloantibodies among patients with β Thalassemia major. METHODS: The records of 372 β Thalassemia major patients on regular blood transfusion at Afzaal Memorial Thalassemia Foundation (AMTF) were reviewed to determine the history of blood transfusion and frequency rate for alloantibodies. RESULTS: Red cell alloantibodies had an overall ratio of 10.75% (40 patients). Thirty-Two patients (80%) among those had single antibody while eight (20%) had multiple antibodies. The most commonly occurred antibodies were E (32.5%) and K (27.5%). The mean age of patients with alloimmunization was 10.63 years (SD ± 5.587). The splenomegaly was reported in thirty-one (77.5%) and hepatomegaly in eighteen (45%) patients. One patient had splenectomy. CONCLUSION: The occurance rate (10.75%) of alloimmunization in this study can most likely be explained by thesimilarity in the ethnicity between patients and donors....

Office of the Director This statement reflects the panel's assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a "snapshot in time" of the state of knowledge on the conference topic. When reading the statement, keep in mind that new knowledge is inevitably accumulating through medical research.

Haemoglobin-S mutation confers anti-malarial resistance and survival advantage in the tropics. Consequently, a significant and indispensable proportion of tropical blood donors carry sickle cell trait (SCT), which is associated with both merits (advantages) and demerits (disadvantages) in the practice of tropical transfusion medicine. Majority of the literature regarding SCT in blood transfusion highlighted its demerits with little or no reference to its merits, which constitute potentially beneficial qualities and useful applications of SCT blood in tropical transfusion medicine. Hence, the aim of this review is to present an updated, balanced, and comprehensive but concise and critical overview of the literature (using search-terms relevant to SCT in transfusion medicine) for both merits and demerits of SCT donor blood vis-à-vis its potential applications and implications in technical and clinical practice of transfusion medicine in the tropics. The review is presented in a sequential 'stage-by-stage' order from pre-donation procedures to blood donation, processing, storage and transfusion. The review explored the potential adverse effects of pre-donation medications on SCT donor, highlighted SCT-associated technical challenges in blood collection, processing and storage, and elucidated the clinical demerits and implications of SCT blood in sickle cell disease, perinatal, and neonatal transfusions. Moreover, the review expounded the merits of SCT blood vis-à-vis the probability of its low risks for transfusion transmitted malaria and HIV infections, and its potential applications in the evolving concept of 'therapeutically rational transfusion of SCT red cells' in managing severe and/or drug resistant malaria, and possibly haemophilia. In conclusion, the review underscored the need for tropical transfusionists and clinicians to innovate ways of ameliorating or circumventing the demerits and implications of SCT blood, and at the same time explore the feasibility and safety of its potential merits and applications vis-à-vis the practice of blood transfusion in low resource settings in tropical Africa, and by implication in other regions of the world where SCT is prevalent. La mutation de l'hémoglobine -S confère une résistance antipaludique et un avantage de survie sous les tropiques. Par conséquent, une proportion importante et indispensable des donneurs de sang tropicaux sont porteurs du trait drépanocytaire (SCT), qui est associé à la fois à des avantages et des inconvénients dans la pratique de la médecine transfusionnelle en milieu tropical. La majorité de la littérature concernant la SCT en transfusion sanguine a souligné ses inconvénients avec peu ou pas de référence à ses avantages, qui constituent des qualités potentiellement bénéfiques et des applications utiles des porteurs du SCT en médecine transfusionnelle. Par conséquent, le but de cette revue est de présenter une vue d'ensemble actualisée, équilibrée et complète mais concise et critique de la littérature ; cette revue a utilisé des termes de recherche pertinents pour la SCT en médecine transfusionnelle pour identifier les avantages et les inconvénients du sang de donneur SCT vis-à

Blood typing is critical to avoid adverse reactions to transfusions. Felines have three blood-types: A, B, and AB and have natural alloantibodies the opposite blood type, in addition to the Mik type described recently. The presence of alloantibodies is important in the selection of blood donors in order to minimize the occurrence of transfusion reactions, and blood typing is essential in this context. This study aimed to identify blood types and perform a haematological analysis of feline blood donor candidates. Sixty clinically healthy felines of different races, weighing more than four kilograms, and ranging from one to eight years old, were evaluated. After clinical evaluation, blood samples were collected for hemogram and blood typing with the LabTest A+B® immunochromatographic test. All cats had a haematocrit level within normal range (mean: 34.12%), six (10%) presented with leucocytosis and 24 (40%) with thrombocytopenia, reinforcing the importance of haematological monitoring...

This study aimed to assess Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 in donor dogs at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil, and review the relevant literature. The blood (60 samples; 1.5 mL volume, each) was collected in separate vacutainer tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and submitted for complete blood count; in addition, the samples were typed by RapidVet® based on agglutination due to specific interaction between DEA 1 antigen at the membrane surface of the erythrocyte and lyophilised murine monoclonal antibody on the test card. DEA1.1 positivity was observed in 81.6% (49 of 60) of test samples, while negative results were obtained in the remaining 18.3% (11 of 60). DEA 1.1 positive samples were comprised of 42.8% of purebred dogs and 38.3% of mixed breed dogs. With regard to sex in the DEA 1.1 positive group, 48.3% were male dogs and 33.3% were female dogs. The blood donor canine population showed high prevalence of DEA 1.1, which confirms that blood t...

Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly encountered abnormal laboratory findings in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Several mechanisms may be involved; many ICU patients will receive a blood transfusion during their ICU stay. Objectives: This study was performed to characterize the occurrence of anemia, transfusion, and mortality in critically ill patients in ICU. Methods: The sampling study included 80 patients from two Iraqi (Al-Kadhmia Teaching Hospital and AL-Shaheed Ghazy Al-Harrery Hospital ) ICUs, (≥17 years old). Patients were followed up for at least 28 days of ICU admission, between May 2011 to May 2013. Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled. The mean age is 42.26 ± 2.30. sixty five percent were male. The mortality rate was 43.8% (35 patients).The number of patients who received blood was 49 (61.3%), the hemoglobin concentration was lower in days 14 and 28 than day 1. For 28 days, mortality percentage is higher for patients with hemoglobin concentration between 9-10 g/dl. The mortality rate was higher in patients who received blood transfusion. In conclusion, anemia is common in the critically ill patient, and persists throughout the ICU stay. Blood transfusion in an important way for management of this anemia, however the mortality rate was higher in patients who received blood transfusion.

Ileal perforation of typhus origin is a common and serious complication of typhoid fever in tropical environments. It is one of the main causes of morbidity in surgery in Mali. However, it would be preventable if salmonellosis were properly managed upstream, and if our living environments were cleaned up. The purpose of this study is to report on the experience of the Kati UHC General Surgery Department in the management of peritonitis by typhic perforation and to assess its prognosis. Patients and Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study that took place from January 2007 to December 2020 in the General Surgery department of the Hospitalo-University BSS Center of Kati (Mali). We have included patients who have undergone peritonitis with confirmed typhic ileal perforation with laparotomy. The other etiologies of peritonitis by ileal perforation were not retained. Results: In 14 years, we collected 89 cases of peritonitis by typhic ileal perforation. It accounted for 3.14% (8...

Aim: To assess the epidemiological profile of intestinal obstructions at the Koutiala district hospital. Patients and Method: This was a prospective and descriptive study taking place from August 1, 2017 to April 30, 2020. The files of patients with acute intestinal obstruction in the general surgery department of the Koutiala district hospital were collected. In this study, patients operated on for acute intestinal obstruction were included. Non-operated patients were not included in the study. Result: The records of 65 patients operated on for acute intestinal obstruction were collected. The mean age was 32 ± 22 with extremes of 1 year and 94 years. 7 infants (10.8%) and 1 4-year-old child (1.5%) were identified. The 16 to 59 age group was more common. Males were the majority with 70.8% (n = 46). The sex ratio was 2.4. The rate of bowel obstruction in the general population in the circle was 8.1 cases per 100,000 population. According to provenance, patients came from inside the circle (rural areas) in 87.7% of the cases (n = 57) and from the city of Koutiala in 12.3% (n = 8). 33.9% of our patients had undergone laparotomy (n = 22). Patients consulted urgently in 93.8%. The etiologies are dominated by post-operative straps (33.8%) and volvulus (24.6%). We noted 12 cases of intestinal necrosis. Postoperative morbidity was 13.8% of cases (n = 9) and mortality of 6.1% of cases (n = 4). Conclusion: Bowel obstruction is one of the most frequent surgical emergencies in our circle. They most often affect young subjects and young adult males. The etiologies are dominated by the post-operative flanges. Complications remain elevated.

he year 2013 brought us to the close of the third decade since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), originally called lymphadenopathy-associated virus or human T-lymphotropic virus Type 3 (HTLV-III), as the cause of AIDS. This landmark occasions a time for reflection on the transformations of the blood system that were set in motion by recognition of transfusion-associated AIDS (TAA). While the decade of the 1980s was characterized by rapid introduction of novel strategies to address an unprecedented challenge, changes made in the 1990s, though independently significant, were also reactive, as the system tried to define and incorporate the lessons of TAA. In the latter decade, criticisms of prior decision making, coupled with new technology options, led to a broad-based initiative to enhance blood safety. In the new millennium, ongoing efforts to address blood safety have focused repeatedly on threats from known and emerging infectious diseases. However, concerns have arisen about a trend of increasing safety costs with progressively decreasing added benefits. This commentary summarizes key changes to the blood system during this 30-year period and discusses the evolving framework for blood safety decision making that is taking form.

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he year 2013 brought us to the close of the third decade since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), originally called lymphadenopathy-associated virus or human T-lymphotropic virus Type 3 (HTLV-III), as the cause of AIDS. This landmark occasions a time for reflection on the transformations of the blood system that were set in motion by recognition of transfusion-associated AIDS (TAA). While the decade of the 1980s was characterized by rapid introduction of novel strategies to address an unprecedented challenge, changes made in the 1990s, though independently significant, were also reactive, as the system tried to define and incorporate the lessons of TAA. In the latter decade, criticisms of prior decision making, coupled with new technology options, led to a broad-based initiative to enhance blood safety. In the new millennium, ongoing efforts to address blood safety have focused repeatedly on threats from known and emerging infectious diseases. However, concerns have arisen about a trend of increasing safety costs with progressively decreasing added benefits. This commentary summarizes key changes to the blood system during this 30-year period and discusses the evolving framework for blood safety decision making that is taking form.

Office of the Director This statement reflects the panel's assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a "snapshot in time" of the state of knowledge on the conference topic. When reading the statement, keep in mind that new knowledge is inevitably accumulating through medical research.

Objectives: Our aim was to assess blood utilization after implementation of a patient blood management (PBM) program in a Greek tertiary hospital. Methods: An electronic transfusion request form and a prospective audit of transfusion practice were implemented. After the one-year implementation period, a retrospective review was performed to assess transfusion practice in medical patients. Results: Pre-PBM, a total of 9478 RBC units were transfused (mean: 1.75 units per patient) compared with 9289 transfused units (mean: 1.57 units per patient) post-PBM. Regarding the post-PBM period, the mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of the 3099 medical patients without comorbidities transfused was 7.19 ± 0.79 gr/dL. Among them, 2065 (66.6%) had Hb levels &gt;7.0 gr/dL, while 167 (5.3%) had Hb levels &gt;8.0 gr/dL. In addition, 331 (25.3%) of the transfused patients with comorbidities had Hb &gt;8.0 gr/dL. The Hb transfusion thresholds significantly differed across the clinics (p &lt; 0.001), while 21....

La sécurité transfusionnelle a fait de grand progrès en France. Le risque viral a été réduit d'un facteur de plus de 1500 au cours de ces 20 dernières années. Comparativement, le risque d'accident ABO a diminué seulement de moitié. Les incidents graves de la chaîne transfusionnelle font l'objet de déclaration obligatoire en France et d'une analyse approfondie selon des méthodes inspirées des enquêtes réalisées au sein d'autres systèmes à risque comme l'aéronautique. L'objectif est de mieux comprendre les causes favorisant la survenue des erreurs humaines afin de mettre en oeuvre des actions de prévention, erreurs qui sont retrouvées dans la majorité des accidents.

All the notifications related to haemovigilance and the accountability of the activity of blood establishments and blood services are done through a website. In the process of development of the notification structure and of the web interface, a User Requirements Specification methodology was applied. Requirements and recommendations of Portuguese and European laws, as well as guidelines and definitions of relevant scientific societies and organizations were also taken into consideration. It took two years to complete the process of implementation of the reporting structure. During this time the system was under continuous development following the evolution of the concepts and definitions in haemovigilance as well as of the mainstream tools and tendencies in programming. At this point it can be said that the Portuguese Haemovigilance System is a fully implemented structure that is being constantly elaborated. The online notification process is a fundamental tool for the assessment of transfusion risk.

This work introduces HaemoKBS, a novel Haemovigilance decision support system for adverse reactions in blood recipients. Machine learning inference and rule-based reasoning were applied to build the underlying decision support models, namely to automatically extract evidence from different types of data included in hospital notifications and incorporate a priori expert knowledge. The ultimate aim is to dynamically learn and improve the reasoning abilities of the system and thus, be able to provide educated recommendations to hospital notifiers along with understandable explanations on the acquired knowledge. Experiments over the records of the Portuguese National Haemovigilance System from the last 10 years demonstrate the practical usefulness of HaemoKBS, which will contribute to a better depiction of the adverse reactions and to flag any incomplete notification enforcing data quality.

All the notifications related to haemovigilance and the accountability of the activity of blood establishments and blood services are done through a website. In the process of development of the notification structure and of the web interface, a User Requirements Specification methodology was applied. Requirements and recommendations of Portuguese and European laws, as well as guidelines and definitions of relevant scientific societies and organizations were also taken into consideration. It took two years to complete the process of implementation of the reporting structure. During this time the system was under continuous development following the evolution of the concepts and definitions in haemovigilance as well as of the mainstream tools and tendencies in programming. At this point it can be said that the Portuguese Haemovigilance System is a fully implemented structure that is being constantly elaborated. The online notification process is a fundamental tool for the assessment of transfusion risk.

Ana Laura Casuriaga Lamboglia, Felipe Lemos García, Mercedes Abadie, Belén Casal, Nicolás Consolandich Roballo, María Josefina Ruiz Larraburu, Nicolás Sagasti Trias, Gustavo Giachetto.
Introducción: la terapia transfusional es un procedimiento terapéutico que ha contribuido a disminuir la mortalidad, y mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con diversas patologías. La utilización de guías en la práctica transfusional, contribuye a la utilización racional de las mismas.

Background Haemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) which leads to severe and repeated bleedings. There is a need to understand the optimal treatment pathway for FVIII inhibitors with the use of immune tolerance induction (ITI) and the role of haemostatic ‘bypassing’ agents (BPA) on-demand (OD) or prophylactically (Px). The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the real-world use of BPA therapy administered prophylactically or on-demand concomitant with ITI, for the treatment of an inhibitor to FVIII replacement therapy in patients with severe haemophilia A. Methods Retrospective observational data were used to capture disease management information for patients who were aged 16 or under and had received ITI and BPA treatment for their most recent inhibitor from Jan-2015 to Jan-2019, for 47 patients in the UK and Germany. Descriptive comparisons of the clinical effectiveness and resource utilisation of Px and OD B...

Blood donation is essential to global healthcare, with over 100 million blood units donated annually. Ensuring blood safety begins with a safe blood donor who has been rigorously screened and selected based on stringent national blood donor selection criteria. A retrospective cross-sectional study was done from January 2023. The study aims to evaluate the Voluntary blood donor demographic trends and deferral pattern among adolescents. Overall, 3782 Voluntary donors, of which 2391 (63.22%) donors were donated blood, 1391(36.88%) were deferred. The majority of the donors were Young Adults (20-39 years) 53.8% followed by Adolescents (18-19 years) 41.2%. The most common cause of adolescent deferral was Medical Causes 41.6% and Anaemia 40%, among the females highest at 84.12%. Lifestyle factors were 16.1%, including underweight 7.6%, and body piercing 5.1% males were higher in rate 7.94%. The majority of deferrals are transient in nature. Consistent follow-up of donors can contribute to the expansion of the donor pool.

Blood donation is essential to global healthcare, with over 100 million blood units donated annually. Ensuring blood safety begins with a safe blood donor who has been rigorously screened and selected based on stringent national blood donor selection criteria. A retrospective cross-sectional study was done from January 2023. The study aims to evaluate the Voluntary blood donor demographic trends and deferral pattern among adolescents. Overall, 3782 Voluntary donors, of which 2391 (63.22%) donors were donated blood, 1391(36.88%) were deferred. The majority of the donors were Young Adults (20-39 years) 53.8% followed by Adolescents (18-19 years) 41.2%. The most common cause of adolescent deferral was Medical Causes 41.6% and Anaemia 40%, among the females highest at 84.12%. Lifestyle factors were 16.1%, including underweight 7.6%, and body piercing 5.1% males were higher in rate 7.94%. The majority of deferrals are transient in nature. Consistent follow-up of donors can contribute to the expansion of the donor pool.

Background: Alloantibodies against human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) are responsible for the development of platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) in patients receiving random platelets and bleeding disorder in babies with fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). Recently, our results based on the analysis of the allelic distribution of HPAs indicated that immunization may occur among Malay. In this study, we sought to analyze the frequencies of platelet reactive alloantibodies responsible for FNAIT and PTR in Malaysia.Methods: Sera from suspected FNAIT (n = 295) and PTR (n = 74) were collected in five years period (2008-2013) and tested for the presence of platelet reactive antibodies by the use of antigen capture assay.Results: In 5/74 (5.41%) platelet specific antibodies against HPA-2b (n = 1), HPA-5a (n = 1), HPA-5b (n = 1), HPA-15b (n = 2) could be identified in our PTR cohort. In FNAIT cohort, platelet specific alloantibodies could be detected in 18 sera (6.10%)...