Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI)

Abstract: There are economic and socio-cultural differences that characterise the north and south of Italy. A stereotype is that university students from rural southern Italy are more disadvantaged and isolated than those from the urban north. Past research has hypothesised that differences in socio-economic status impact on student learning, which is a factor of thinking style. This study set out to explore if university students from a northern and a southern Italian university report markedly different thinking style preferences. ...

The classical Harris -Wilson inventory model assumes that all the cost associated with the model was taken to be constant and which does not dependent on any quantity ordered. In this paper we have taken Ordering cost, holding cost and order quantity all are triangular fuzzy numbers. Graded mean integration representation method is used for defuzzification. In this paper, we consider an inventory model where the ordering cost depends on the size of the lot and increases in steps as the lot size increases. The main goal of this research is to reduce the healthcare cost and without sacrificing customer service. An algorithm is developed to find the economic order quantity along with numerical examples in pharmaceutical company.

As a third of all directors in South Africa are chartered accountants (CAs), this research examined the strategising practices of CA strategists in the mining industry. Drawing on the strategy-as-practice perspective, the research aimed to answer questions pertaining to which strategy tools CA strategists use, and how their accounting background informs their decisions on which tools to use and how to use them. Empirical data were produced through semi-structured individual interviews with CA strategists selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analysed through conversation analysis using thematic coding. Findings portray CA strategists as craftspeople who adapt and interpret strategy tools from an accounting perspective to serve the requirements of the situation they face. The research confirmed wide use of accounting tools in strategising. The research found that the model of strategising, albeit deliberate or emergent, as well as the educational background of t...

Mass marketing scams extract an enormous toll, yet, the literature on scams is just emerging. In Experiment 1, 211 adults reviewed a solicitation and rated their intention of contacting an "activation number" for a prize. Scarcity and authority were manipulated. Many (48.82%) indicated some willingness to contact to "activate" the winnings. Intention of responding was inversely related to the perception of risk (b =-.441, p < .001) and positively associated to perception of benefits (b = .554, p < .001), but not with the experimental condition. In Experiment 2, 291 adults were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions (low, medium, or high activation fee), and were asked to report willingness to contact. Activation fees decreased intent to contact, but percentages remained high (25.70%) with higher perception of risk reducing contact rates (b =-.581, p < .001), and benefit perception increasing intent to contact (b = .381, p < .001). Our studies indicate that consumers are responding to perceived risks and benefits in their decision-making, regardless of persuasion elements used by scammers. In summary, our studies find that consumers with lower levels of education and high perception of benefits are at increased risk for mass marketing scams. Public Significance Statement Mass marketing scams (MMS) represents one of the most rapid growing crimes, costing billions of dollars worldwide. MMS employ a range of tactics to entice potential victims. Our novel project indicated that attention to the reward, minimization of risk, and lower levels of education increase consumers' susceptibility to these scams.

Fig. 1. Beagle has 5 main panels: (a) the Interactive Query Panel to specify queries composed of correspondents, keywords and time; (b) the Correspondents Panel to list correspondents and their communication frequency; (c) the Content Panels to display keywords or entities extracted from the emails; (d) the Email Panel to display emails in full detail; (e) the Timeline Panel to show the temporal distribution of the emails. All panels display information conditioned to the current query.

The term 'spam' addresses unsolicited emails sent in bulk; therefore, the term 'financial fraud spam' refers to unwanted bulk emails in which different tricks and techniques are employed to swindle money from the recipients. Estimates show that more than 80% of worldwide email traffic in 2011 was spam. It should be noted that while the number of daily spam emails in 2002 was 2.4 billion, this number rose to 200 billion spam emails in 2011. Considering the incurred cost of spam emails, finding effective ways for identifying spam emails may help decrease the cost to a great extent. It must be borne in mind that the generators of the financial fraud spam emails employ intricate persuasive strategies that make their stories believable to the readers. In an attempt to unravel some of these persuasive strategies, the present paper focuses on the use of presupposition, personalization, and lexical choice that are frequently used by the generators of the financial fraud spam emails. The results of the analysis showed that the above mentioned persuasive strategies were widely used in the text of financial fraud spam emails. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that persuasive lexical devices were used throughout the spam emails, including the email addresses. In terms of personalization and presupposition, the study showed that all parts of the spam emails, except the address section, were subjected to the use of these persuasive strategies.

It took the involvement of several people to produce this master's dissertation. I would not have been successful in completing this research without the help, advice, mentorship, patience, coaxing, nudging, directing, and guidance of Dr. Karen Stander and Prof Nisha Sewdass, my esteemed joint supervisors. It was a rare pleasure to interact with my statistics advisors, Dr Deon Van Zyl and Diederik van Zyl, my editors, Retha Burger and Jack Chokwe. My gratitude is extended to Dr Angela Murphy, as it was her own study that started me on this journey. I dedicate this dissertation to my forever-supportive parents, Thabitha Nono and John Lesiba. This is also dedicated my siblings: Keke-Nkekolo, Titi-Tiisetso, Phili-Philadi, Khulu-Nkhulu, Levi-Molefi, and Stokana-Mariamuch love and respect to you all. Let us keep raising our family's aggregate standard of education. I must thank my work colleagues, Leigh Sneddon, Keith Reddy and Christine van Rensburgyou opened previously inaccessible doors for me. Lastly, to my friends,

Mass marketing scams extract an enormous toll, yet, the literature on scams is just emerging. In Experiment 1, 211 adults reviewed a solicitation and rated their intention of contacting an "activation number" for a prize. Scarcity and authority were manipulated. Many (48.82%) indicated some willingness to contact to "activate" the winnings. Intention of responding was inversely related to the perception of risk (b =-.441, p < .001) and positively associated to perception of benefits (b = .554, p < .001), but not with the experimental condition. In Experiment 2, 291 adults were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions (low, medium, or high activation fee), and were asked to report willingness to contact. Activation fees decreased intent to contact, but percentages remained high (25.70%) with higher perception of risk reducing contact rates (b =-.581, p < .001), and benefit perception increasing intent to contact (b = .381, p < .001). Our studies indicate that consumers are responding to perceived risks and benefits in their decision-making, regardless of persuasion elements used by scammers. In summary, our studies find that consumers with lower levels of education and high perception of benefits are at increased risk for mass marketing scams. Public Significance Statement Mass marketing scams (MMS) represents one of the most rapid growing crimes, costing billions of dollars worldwide. MMS employ a range of tactics to entice potential victims. Our novel project indicated that attention to the reward, minimization of risk, and lower levels of education increase consumers' susceptibility to these scams.

This study investigates the level of emotional intelligence amongst the lecturer in a centre of foundation studies owned by a public university in Selangor. It was found that the sample have high overall emotional intelligence level and also scored high emotional intelligence level in all four dimensions that were measured such as use of emotions, regulation of emotions, self-emotional appraisal and others emotional appraisal. Besides, there were significant differences between emotional intelligence and demographic variables such as age, academic qualifications and departments. As for the implications of this study, it contributes to the corpus of knowledge in the area of emotional intelligence in local context and provides empirical data to assist Ministry of Higher Education in conducting strategic planning to enhance emotional intelligence amongst lecturers in institutions of higher educations (IHE).

The present paper deals with the development of a fuzzy inventory model of deteriorating items under power demand rate and inventory level dependent holding cost function. The deterioration rate, demand rate, holding cost and unit cost are considered as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Both the crisp model and fuzzy model are developed in this paper. The graded mean integration method(GM) and signed distance method(SD) are used to defuzzify the total cost of the present model. Both the models are illustrated by suitable numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis for the optimal solution towards changes in the system parameters are discussed. Lastly a graphical presentation is furnished to compare the total costs under the above two mentioned methods in the fuzzy model.

Fig. 1. Beagle has 5 main panels: (a) the Interactive Query Panel to specify queries composed of correspondents, keywords and time; (b) the Correspondents Panel to list correspondents and their communication frequency; (c) the Content Panels to display keywords or entities extracted from the emails; (d) the Email Panel to display emails in full detail; (e) the Timeline Panel to show the temporal distribution of the emails. All panels display information conditioned to the current query.

The purpose of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of emotional intelligence in the influence of learning modification and emotional intelligence on learning outcomes. This emotional intelligence instrument was adopted from Schutte, 1998 which was later adapted by Fidmawan Hadriastika Dedi which contained 86 items. The calculation of validity and reliability was performed by using SPSS. 18. The number of respondents are 38. The results of validity and reliability of emotional intelligence revealed that 50 items are valid and the reliability coefficient was 0.86.

This study investigates the level of emotional intelligence amongst the lecturer in a centre of foundation studies owned by a public university in Selangor. It was found that the sample have high overall emotional intelligence level and also scored high emotional intelligence level in all four dimensions that were measured such as use of emotions, regulation of emotions, self-emotional appraisal and others emotional appraisal. Besides, there were significant differences between emotional intelligence and demographic variables such as age, academic qualifications and departments. As for the implications of this study, it contributes to the corpus of knowledge in the area of emotional intelligence in local context and provides empirical data to assist Ministry of Higher Education in conducting strategic planning to enhance emotional intelligence amongst lecturers in institutions of higher educations (IHE).

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support cybersecurity operations is now a consolidated practice, e.g., to detect malicious code or configure traffic filtering policies. The recent surge of AI, generative techniques and frameworks with efficient natural language processing capabilities dramatically magnifies the number of possible applications aimed at increasing the security of the Internet. Specifically, the ability of ChatGPT to produce textual contents while mimicking realistic human interactions can be used to mitigate the plague of emails containing scams. Therefore, this paper investigates the use of AI to engage scammers in automatized and pointless communications, with the goal of wasting both their time and resources. Preliminary results showcase that ChatGPT is able to decoy scammers, thus confirming that AI is an effective tool to counteract threats delivered via mail. In addition, we highlight the multitude of implications and open research questions to be addressed in the perspective of the ubiquitous adoption of AI.

This study aimed to investigate the Cerebro-soft skill of higher secondary students which leads to whether the brain dominance of the students influences their thinking or thinking pattern and which leads to show, the problem-solving skills of the individual or not? This may have the possibility of predicting the creation of unified thinkers or a unique pattern of the people on its own. Cerebro-soft skills (Brain dominance, thinking styles and problem-solving skills) among higher secondary students do have an impact on their academic achievements. This study targeted the higher secondary students as population and Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Thuthukudi and Virudhunagar districts of Tamilnadu, India as the areas from which the data was collected. In this research, the above-mentioned population consisted of 135 subjects for this study. Three unique questionnaires were used to collect the data i.e., the Cognitive style questionnaire (1989) by Loren D. Crane, thinking styles by Robert J ...

The purpose of the research is to assess knowledge levels of physical education teachers in inclusive education in secondary schools. For the research, the survey method was employed. It consisted of 55 physical education teachers employed in 47 secondary schools included in inclusive education program under Kocaeli Provincial Directorate of National Education. Field experts (faculty members) and the related general... Read more.

This study explores how students' thinking styles are related to their engagement, by administering the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II and the Student Engagement Scale to 225 deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) school students in mainland China. Results show that, among all participants, those with Type I styles (i.e., more creativitygenerating, less structured, and cognitively more complex) had higher levels of student engagement, while those with Type II styles (i.e., more norm-favoring, more structured, and cognitively more simplistic) had lower levels. The contributions, limitations, and implications of the present research are discussed. Keywords Thinking styles. Student engagement. Deaf or hard-of-hearing According to Y. Li and Lerner (2013), student engagement refers to students being involved in, committed to, or attached to the academic and social activities in their school. Skinner et al. (2009) defined student engagement as "the quality of a students' connection or involvement with the endeavor of schooling and hence with the people, activities, goals, values, and place that compose it," while Newmann et al. (1992) described student engagement as a "student's psychological investment in an effort directed toward learning, understanding, or mastering the knowledge, skills, or crafts that academic work is intended to promote" (p. 12). In this research, Li and Lerner's (2013) definition is adopted, as it is more recent and is consistent with the construct of student engagement employed herein.

Background. This article deals with the issue of the manifestation of emotional intelligence in Lithuanian and Latvian student athletes. Emotional intelligence has been suggested as providing a new perspective on how emotional competencies necessary for performance in today’s workplace among would-be physical educators might be more effective and better understood. Hence, the following research question is raised: does the emotional intelligence of  Lithuanian  student  athletes  differ  from  that  of  Latvian  student  athletes? We  hypothesized  that  the  emotional intelligence of Lithuanian student athletes differs from that of Latvian student athletes. Research aim was to reveal the manifestation of emotional intelligence in Lithuanian and Latvian student athletes.Methods. The independent random sample consisted of 227 student athletes from the Latvian Academy of Sports Education and 214 student athletes from the Lithuanian Sports University. Schutte Self-Report Inventory (SSR...

Limitations of the research design 18 Results 18 How results are presented 19 Characteristics of the sample 19 Descriptive statistics 25 Matched sample findings 26 What makes a victim of online fraud 26 Online consumer behaviour 32 Researching the undertaking prior to sending money overseas 33 Amount of money sent overseas 36 Life events and personal characteristics of participants 36 Lifestyle events experienced by victims and non-victims 38 Preventive factors used by victims and non-victims with online activities 46 Victimisation and repeat victimisation 50 Amount of money sent overseas 52 Protective factors used by one-off and repeat victims 55 Consequences of victimisation 57 Negative life events 58 Reporting to authorities 60 Discussion

Thinking differently is a unique characteristic of a man, this fact was realized by R.J. STERNBERG (1988). He emphasized that thinking styles are preferred way of thinking. He classified 13 different thinking styles based on functions, forms, level, scope and leaning. On the other hand Emotional intelligence is a ability to sense, understand and effectively apply emotions for better inter personal relations (COOPER AND SAWAF, 1997). GOLEMAN (1995) characterized Emotional Intelligence as the ability of self awareness, mood management, self motivation, empathy and managing relationships. No doubt Thinking Style and Emotional Intelligence both are cognitive abilities of an individual. In this study an attempt has been to find the relationship of these two cognitive abilities. The objective of the study was to find out influence of various forms (monarchic, hierarchic, oligarchic and anarchic) of Thinking Styles on Emotional intelligence of teacher educators of teacher training colleges of Chhattisgarh state. The sample comprises of 25 male and 25 female teacher educators. They were administered part of 'Thinking Style Scale' (only FORMS of thinking style) developed by JOHN, SINGH AND VERMA (2006) and 'Emotional Intelligence Scale' developed by HYDE AND PATHE (2002). The obtained data was analyzed by calculating M, SD and't' value to test the significance of the hypotheses of the study. The results indicates that all the four FORMS of thinking styles have shown significant difference on emotional intelligence. Apart from this gender difference of teacher educators has also shown significant difference on emotional intelligence.

The study aimed to designate the thinking styles and the intelligence types of the prospective preschool teachers and investigated the relationship between these thinking styles and intelligence types. A sample of 75 prospective teachers studying at the first grade of Preschool Education Department at Marmara University participated in the study. The results concluded that the most preferable thinking style among the subscales of Thinking Style Inventory was Legislation whereas the least preferable one was Oligarchic. The dominant intelligence among the prospective teachers was the verbal-linguistic intellince. It was also ascertained that there was a statistically significant relationship between the prospective teachers' thinking styles and intelligence types.

Social psychologists have established various psychological mechanisms that influence perception of risk and compliance in general. The empirical investigation in this paper focused on how those mechanisms apply to complying with scams. A scale of susceptibility to persuasion was developed, validated and then applied to the phenomena of scam compliance in two studies. In the first study participants answered questions on the susceptibility to persuasion scale and a series of questions about lifetime compliance with 14 fraudulent scenarios. The scale was factorised and tested for reliability. Four reliable factors contributed to susceptibility to persuasion: influence of authority, social influence, selfcontrol and the need for consistency. The susceptibility to persuasion scale was then used to predict overall lifetime scam compliance. Social influence, the need for consistency and selfcontrol all had an impact on universal scam compliance. In the second study an independent sample of participants filled out the susceptibility to persuasion scale and answered questions measuring scam compliance for the past three years across nine fraudulent scenarios. The susceptibility to persuasion scale was validated and confirmed. Scam compliance over the past three years was measured and the results showed that authority, social influence, the need for consistency and self-control all informed scam compliance over that period.

Fig. 1. Beagle has 5 main panels: (a) the Interactive Query Panel to specify queries composed of correspondents, keywords and time; (b) the Correspondents Panel to list correspondents and their communication frequency; (c) the Content Panels to display keywords or entities extracted from the emails; (d) the Email Panel to display emails in full detail; (e) the Timeline Panel to show the temporal distribution of the emails. All panels display information conditioned to the current query.

Online dating sites are experiencing a rise in popularity, with one in five relationships in the United States starting on one of these sites. Online dating sites provide a valuable platform not only for single people trying to meet a life partner, but also for cybercriminals, who see in people looking for love easy victims for scams. Such scams span from schemes similar to traditional advertisement of illicit services or goods (i.e., spam) to advanced schemes, in which the victim starts a long-distance relationship with the scammer and is eventually extorted money. In this paper we perform the first large-scale study of online dating scams. We analyze the scam accounts detected on a popular online dating site over a period of eleven months, and provide a taxonomy of the different types of scammers that are active in the online dating landscape. We show that different types of scammers target a different demographics on the site, and therefore set up accounts with different characteristics. Our results shed light on the threats associated to online dating scams, and can help researchers and practitioners in developing effective countermeasures to fight them.

This study aims to retrieve the relationship between emotional intelligence, social physique anxiety and life satisfaction among physical education students whom engaged to all kinds of sport activities and a physically active population. 141 students, 89 male (%63.1) and 52 female (%36.9), average age=21.6 participated to the study and completed Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) and The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Students with high appraisal of emotions score have lower life satisfaction. Students with high social physique anxiety (SPA) have high positive emotional intelligence (EI) total score and appraisal of emotions score but negative correlation found with life satisfaction score and SPA. Results show that gender doesn’t have a direct effect on SPA, a Univariate ANOVA conducted to reveal the difference between gender group, EI group and SPA. According to results, gender & EI has an important effect on SPA. Female students with high E...

Much of current studies focus on the investigation of the thinking styles of students and teachers. However, exploring school administrators' and inpectors' thinking styles is also critical for increasing students' achievement at school. For that purpose, this study was performed to determine the thinking styles of teachers, principals, and inspectors who work in primary education. Thinking Styles Inventory (Stenberg & Wagner, 1992), and a questionnaire developed to collect demographic information on the participants were used. The participants of this study included 737 teachers, school principals, and inspectors working at primary education institutions in Turkey. All the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, and variance analysis. Some of the significant findings of the research were as follows: (1) most frequently preferred thinking styles of teachers, managers, and inspectors were hierarchic, executive, and legislative while the least common were conservative, local, and global; (2) thinking styles varied across status, educational background, gender and affiliation.

A thinking style refers to a person's preferred way to process and react to different situations. Since they have an impact on performance and should be viewed as fluid, some environments may benefit from specific thinking styles to optimize results and the use of resources. In this paper we present a study indicating which thinking style professionals with different backgrounds (engineers, designers, and architects) favour when designing a product. For that, we used the Concept Design Thinking Style Inventory (CD-TSI). Results showed that engineers favour the conditional thinking style (accepting opinions from others without questioning them), designers prefer the exploring style (seeking for options and differentiation), while both designers and architects lean towards the creative style (thinking in parts to get to the whole concept). Contributions in this study are threefold. First, we associate thinking styles to groups of professionals. Second, we discuss them in relation to decision-making processes (rationality and intuition). Third, we associate them to product design stages.

A thinking style refers to a person's preferred way to process and react to different situations. Since they have an impact on performance and should be viewed as fluid, some environments may benefit from specific thinking styles to optimize results and the use of resources. In this paper we present a study indicating which thinking style professionals with different backgrounds (engineers, designers, and architects) favour when designing a product. For that, we used the Concept Design Thinking Style Inventory (CD-TSI). Results showed that engineers favour the conditional thinking style (accepting opinions from others without questioning them), designers prefer the exploring style (seeking for options and differentiation), while both designers and architects lean towards the creative style (thinking in parts to get to the whole concept). Contributions in this study are threefold. First, we associate thinking styles to groups of professionals. Second, we discuss them in relation to decision-making processes (rationality and intuition). Third, we associate them to product design stages.

Fig. 1. Beagle has 5 main panels: (a) the Interactive Query Panel to specify queries composed of correspondents, keywords and time; (b) the Correspondents Panel to list correspondents and their communication frequency; (c) the Content Panels to display keywords or entities extracted from the emails; (d) the Email Panel to display emails in full detail; (e) the Timeline Panel to show the temporal distribution of the emails. All panels display information conditioned to the current query.

Emotional intelligence can be defined as a behavioral perception about understanding and regulating one’s emotions. Trait emotional intelligence is the psychological construct measured by selfreported questionnaires, is considered part of a typical behavior, has been well studied in relation to stress, coping, positive thinking and adaptive responses and is amenable to training and enhancement. Covid-19 and its consequent lockdown present a unique opportunity to study stress. College students are particularly vulnerable group, not only because of the fear of the disease and its social impact, but also because of the strain associated with online classes, uncertainties regarding examinations and future career prospect and an overall bleak economic scenario. This study was conducted among college students pursuing professional courses in Dehradun, India, with a valid self-reported measure of EI, a global scale of perceived stress, and a self-made questionnaire about Covid-19 related s...

The study aimed to designate the thinking styles and the intelligence types of the prospective preschool teachers and investigated the relationship between these thinking styles and intelligence types. A sample of 75 prospective teachers studying at the first grade of Preschool Education Department at Marmara University participated in the study. The results concluded that the most preferable thinking style among the subscales of Thinking Style Inventory was Legislation whereas the least preferable one was Oligarchic. The dominant intelligence among the prospective teachers was the verbal-linguistic intellince. It was also ascertained that there was a statistically significant relationship between the prospective teachers' thinking styles and intelligence types.

Unsolicited emails and online scams can erode both consumer confidence and consumer safety when interacting and transacting over the Internet. This paper uses content analysis to identify the most frequent psychological tricks used in scamming and the most frequent flags which alert consumers to the illegitimate and unsolicited nature of the contact. Findings are then explored in light of individual thinking styles to reveal how some consumers may be more vulnerable to online scams as a result of their own personal preference for thinking in a particular way. The rationale is to establish a foundation for the use of content analysis of unsolicited emails to offer insight into the possible relationship between a consumer's style of thinking and online victimization.

This paper is the second part of an entire study conducted regarding general awareness of email scams. The goal of this particular part of research was to check the awareness level and knowledge gap among email users with respect to the actions that need to be taken in case of scam email victimization, and awareness regarding common practices that are used in identifying scam email and types of online scam media. Most common actions mentioned by respondents in case of financial scams and clicking on a malicious link were to contact their banks to close their accounts and cancel their credit cards (41.17 %) and running an anti-virus scan (20.83 %) respectively. The most frequently mentioned online scam media other than email was online ads with pop-ups, while the most common practice employed to identify email scam was to check for emails asking for or giving away money. A definite lack of awareness was found among the users with respect to the actions that need to be taken in case of financial scam victimization. In conclusion, the researchers suggest a need for formal education regarding email scam awareness and best email usage practices.

Coetzee & BeukesThis study explored the relationship between the employability and career support satisfaction and emotional intelligence of a convenience sample of predominantly black (N = 590) South African adolescents (mean age 17, males 43%, females 57%). Data were collected using the South African Employability Inventory (Beukes, 2009) and the Assessing Emotions Scale (Schutte, Malouff, & Bhullar, 2007). A survey design and quantitative statistical procedures were used to achieve the research objective. Multiple regression analyses indicated that emotional intelligence contributes significantly to explaining the proportion of variance in the participants ’ employability scores. Emotional intelligence and employability were also significantly related to the participants ’ satisfaction with the career preparation support they received. The findings may be used to inform career services for young adults preparing for the world of work.

In this paper, we focus on the relationship between studying university mathematics and the &#39;thinking styles&#39; of both undergraduate and postgraduate mathematics students. A cross- sectional quantitative study (N = 238) was conducted in a large Greek university, identifying the thinking styles of second, third and fourth year undergraduates, as well as those of students following a postgraduate degree in mathematics. The analysis revealed that the more experienced undergraduates and the postgraduates showed a stronger preference for originality and freedom in thinking, low degrees of structure, high levels of freedom and more complex information processing, combined with non-prioritised thinking. However, the postgraduates combine these preferences with a stronger preference for implementing rules and instructions. A discussion on these findings and on the factors that may account for them is presented.

Drawing from their survey on Internet fraud&#39;s emotional consequences, the authors conclude that the psychological effects of victimization are just as critical as the financial. Respondents reported that romance scams and advance fee fraud had the highest emotional impact.

This study explored the relationship between the employability and career support satisfaction and emotional intelligence of a convenience sample of predominantly black (N = 590) South African adolescents (mean age 17, males 43%, females 57%). Data were collected using the South African Employability Inventory (Beukes, 2009) and the Assessing Emotions Scale (Schutte, Malouff, & Bhullar, 2007). A survey design and quantitative statistical procedures were used to achieve the research objective. Multiple regression analyses indicated that emotional intelligence contributes significantly to explaining the proportion of variance in the participants' employability scores. Emotional intelligence and employability were also significantly related to the participants' satisfaction with the career preparation support they received. The findings may be used to inform career services for young adults preparing for the world of work.

For centuries fraudsters have been putting great thought into developing fraudulent systems, stories, and techniques to scam consumers and victimize individuals who fall into the scammer’s traps (e.g., see the Spanish Prisoner) (Barnes, 2017; Croall, 2008; 2009; Mears, Reisig, Scaggs, and Holtfreter, 2016). Today’s interconnected world and cheap methods of communication such as e-mail, telephone, and the Internet have become useful tools for offenders to execute various types of fraudulent activities such as scams. The OFT (2006) defines scams as a misleading or deceptive business practice, where individuals receive an unsolicited or uninvited contact (e.g., by e-mail, letter, phone, or advertisement) and false promises. Such practices allow scammers to swindle targeted individuals out of money or other valuable objects (p. 12).

Relationship between handedness and thinking styles in female and male students was evaluated. Two hundred university students were selected. The Edinburgh handedness inventory and Sternberg-Wagner thinking styles inventory were used. Significant relationship was found between handedness and legislative, judicial, executive, hierarchical, monarchic, oligarchic, global, local, liberal, and conservative thinking styles. Left-handed participants used legislative, judicial, and hierarchical thinking styles more frequently. Right-handed individuals used executive and local thinking styles more. There is a relationship between handedness and thinking styles. The differences can be attributed to genetic characteristics, family, culture, and gender.

This study aims to identify the relationship between thinking styles and the need for cognition in students of the faculty of education, as well as the existence of significant differences between these two variables according to gender, department of study, class level, educational background from secondary school level, monthly incomes of families and the place where families have resided longest. The study was conducted with 820 students studying at different departments of the Faculty of Education at Gaziantep University, during the 2014-2015 academic year. In the study, data was collected using the Thinking Styles Scale and the Need for Cognition Scale, while demographic details of students were obtained through a Personal Information Form created by the researcher. Pearson's correlation test, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed in SPSS 20 software for data analysis. According to the findings of the study, students of the education faculty use the legislative thinking style the most and the conservative thinking style the least among the others given in the Thinking Styles Scale. According to the findings regarding the relationship between thinking styles and the need for cognition; the Thinking Styles Scale shows that there are significant differences between the legislative, executive, judicial, hierarchic, oligarchic, anarchic, local, internal, liberal dimensions of thinking and the need for cognition, while there is no significant difference between the global and conservative thinking styles and the need for cognition. It is seen that legislative, executive and hierarchic dimensions of the Thinking Styles Scale differ significantly according to the gender variable. Local, conservative and oligarchic dimensions of the Thinking Style Scale also show significant differences according to the department where the students study. This differentiation is seen in favor of the classroom teaching department against the Psychological Counselling and Guidance (PCG) students in the local thinking style dimension, while it is more favorable for the mathematics teaching department against the PCG students in both conservative and oligarchic dimensions. It is also seen that the legislative and local dimensions of the Thinking Styles Scale differ significantly according to the monthly incomes of families. This differentiation is in favor of the 2000 TL and above income group in each of these thinking styles, against those with monthly incomes between 500-1000 TL. On the other hand, the place where families have resided the longest, which is often the same place where students have completed their secondary education, do not differ significantly according to class levels. The Need for Cognition Scale scores differ significantly in favor of the 4th grade students according to the class level variable. A similar significant differentiation in the Need for Cognition Scale scores is also seen in favor of urban areas (provinces) against rural areas (villages) according to the place where families have resided the longest. Finally, the Need for Cognition Scale scores do not show any significant difference in terms of the departments students study at, their secondary school majors and monthly incomes of families.

AbstractThe main purpose of the research was to determine the contributions of the teachers&#39; thinking styles to critical thinking dispositions. Hence, it is aimed to determine whether thinking styles are related to critical thinking dispositions and thinking styles measure critical thinking dispositions or not. The research was designed in relational survey pattern. The research was carried out with 430 teachers, including 202 males and 228 females. The findings of the research were obtained through California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and Thinking Styles Inventory. In the analysis of the findings, arithmetic average, standard deviations, and the correlations between variables were calculated.Afterwards, the stepwise regression analyses were conducted to determine the teachers&#39; critical thinking dispositions to thinking styles. A significant relationship was found between the teachers&#39; critical thinking dispositions and thinking styles. It was demonstrated ...

The classical Harris - Wilson inventory model assumes that all the cost associated with the model was taken to be constant and which does not dependent on any quantity ordered. In this paper we have taken Ordering cost, holding cost and order quantity all are triangular fuzzy numbers. Graded mean integration representation method is used for defuzzification. In this paper, we consider an inventory model where the ordering cost depends on the size of the lot and increases in steps as the lot size increases. The main goal of this research is to reduce the healthcare cost and without sacrificing customer service. An algorithm is developed to find the economic order quantity along with numerical examples in pharmaceutical company.

There are economic and socio-cultural differences that characterise the north and south of Italy. A stereotype is that university students from rural southern Italy are more disadvantaged and isolated than those from the urban north. Past research has hypothesised that differences in socio-economic status impact on student learning, which is a factor of thinking style. This study set out to explore if university students from a northern and a southern Italian university report markedly different thinking style preferences. Samples of 170 students from the University of Calabria and 263 students from the University of Milan were surveyed using Sofo&#39;s (2005) Thinking Style Inventory. If economic and socio-cultural differences impact on preferred ways of thinking of university students, the impacts may very well be mediated through various pedagogical or informational methods and communication technology. The results of the study did not produce all the expected differences.

A bs tr ac t The prime goal of the study is to explore the ‘Teachers Thinking Styles and Teacher Effectiveness: a comparative analysis at secondary school Level’. The study also determines comparison in views of male/female and urban/rural teacher about their thinking styles and teacher effectiveness. The study is descriptive. Two valid and reliable research tools were used, which were structured by the researcher himself. All male/female teachers in the secondary school of southern districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted following Krejcie, and Morgan rule and 380 teachers were consulted for the collection of data. For analysis, Mean, SD, t-test and correlation were applied as suitable statistics. Findings of the study show a significant correlation between thinking styles and teacher effectiveness. The study also indicated an insignificant comparison in the views of male/female and urban/rural teacher...

This research aims to understand university students' thinking styles and the relationship with their views of creativity. The Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II was used to measure 13 thinking styles as defined in Sternberg's theory of mental self-government and the Conceptions of Creativity Scales was used to inquire students' views about the conditions for evaluating creativity from six aspects: intelligence, knowledge, style of thinking, personality, motivation and learning environment. Significant relationships were identified between thinking styles and conceptions of creativity. This research contributes to the understanding about the relationship between conceptions of creativity and thinking styles, and brings insights for educators about educational innovations, as one of the key objectives of educational innovations is to develop creativity of the younger generation.

The study examined if a thematically designed online introductory psychology course set in a cooperative and collaborative learning environment led to deeper learning. Using the revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F; Biggs, Kember & Leung, 2001), the study predicted peer and teacher guided asynchronous dialogue would lead to increasing students’ self-perceptions of deeper learning approaches (DA) and higher levels of thinking. Individual thinking style (ITS; Sternberg & Wagner, 1992) was presumed to be an important mediator on both student pre- and post-DA scores. It was also hypothesized that thinking styles would influence student perceptions towards participating in a learning community, as measured by the Classroom Community Scale (CCS; Rovai, 2002). Contrary to the hypotheses, thinking styles didn’t predict either pre- or post DA nor end of semester CCS scores. The two main hypotheses, premised on Vygotsky’s theory of social constructivism and post Vygotskian...