Temporal Information Extraction

A novel way to incorporate temporal information with level set algorithm is proposed to counter the dropout problem when detecting ventricular contours in echocardiographic raphic image sequences. The temporal information ided embed- ed into the speed term of the level set equation. By identifying the ventricular contours as strong or weak segments, the weak segments are strengthened based on temporal information from neighboring frames. Hence disrupted heart wall boundary structure information due to dropout can be recovered. A Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is employed to compute thresholds separating the segments. A weight and a strengthening ng factor are used to control the information recovery process. Experimental results show the proposed method exhibits good performance when tracking the ventricular boundary in real echocardiographic data.

The Italian National Statistics Institute is currently integrating its various spatio-temporal data collections. It has been developed an integrated system, whose implementation relied on Web and relational technologies to cope with data heterogeneity. The system provides users with many different classes of functions with which to analyse and visualise territorial data. It can be viewed as a spatio-temporal data warehouse, where space and time are the main access dimensions to statistical data, but also where space can be analysed according to its temporal mutations as a preliminary step in the design activity of a statistical survey. The system overcomes a drawback of current commercial data warehouse systems, which are not able to cope with the dynamic behaviour of a dimension -that is, its temporal evolution.

The Italian National Statistics Institute is currently integrating its various spatio-temporal data collections. It has been developed an integrated system, whose implementation relied on Web and relational technologies to cope with data heterogeneity. The system provides users with many different classes of functions with which to analyse and visualise territorial data. It can be viewed as a spatio-temporal data warehouse, where space and time are the main access dimensions to statistical data, but also where space can be analysed according to its temporal mutations as a preliminary step in the design activity of a statistical survey. The system overcomes a drawback of current commercial data warehouse systems, which are not able to cope with the dynamic behaviour of a dimension -that is, its temporal evolution.

The Italian National Statistics Institute is currently integrating its various legacy spatio-temporal data collections. The SIT-IN project has delivered a first release, whose development relied on web and relational technologies to manage data heterogeneity. The final system provides users with many different classes of functions with which to analyse and visualise territorial data. It can be viewed as a spatiotemporal data warehouse, where space and time are the main access dimensions to statistical data, but also where the ...

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key variable for the understanding and modelling of several ecophysiological processes within a vegetation canopy. The LAI could thus provide vital information for the management of the environment and agricultural practices when estimated continuously over time and space thanks to remote sensing sensors such as CHRIS/PROBA. The spaceborne ESA-mission CHRIS/PROBA provides multi-temporal observations of the land surface in the spectral and directional information dimensions. This system represents a rich source of information for Earth observation purposes specifically adapted for monitoring the high dynamic of agricultural crops. For this purpose a radiative transfer model (RTM) is coupled to a canopy structure dynamic model (CSDM). The coupled models are used to exploit the complementary content of the spectral and temporal information dimensions for LAI estimation over a maize canopy. The resulting estimation of the temporal and spatial variation of LAI is improved by integrating multi-temporal CHRIS/PROBA data and ground meteorological observations. Further, the presented method provides the continuous LAI time course over the season, which is required by crop growth and land surface process models.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are social-technical systems with a variety of final users and actors that cooperate with each other and interact with the system for decision-making, problems resolution, etc. The modelling of these systems using formal methods provides mechanisms and tools that guarantee the users a correct deployment and use of it. In this paper we showing environmental knowledge modelling accomplished in the SOL-ERES project, a spatio-temporal information system for environmental management, a cooperative system based on multi-agent architectures and intelligent agents. The system modelling uses UML for knowledge representation, and Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) perspective -based on the OMG classical Model-driven Architecture (MDA)-to create OWL/XML ontology automatically.

Resumen: En este artículo presentamos una tarea de identificación de tópico basada en Redes Bayesianas. Estas redes son entrenadas a partir de los conceptos semánticos que se han etiquetado para cada frase a procesar y que han sido definidos por un experto en el dominio de aplicación. Los tópicos a identificar se corresponden con las cinco posiciones de control disponibles en un aeropuerto. Se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación basada en bloques de frases. Obtenemos una tasa de error de identificación de bloque del 3.5% para un esquema de evaluación 'winner takes all' usando un tamaño de 5 frases por bloque. Finalmente, comparamos los resultados obtenidos con una estrategia basada en un clasificador Bayesiano para el que tomamos como vector de parámetros las perplejidades resultantes de aplicar un modelo de lenguaje de tipo trigrama específico para cada uno de los tópicos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la importancia de considerar el orden de aparición de la información y la necesidad de incluirla en las Redes Bayesianas en futuros trabajos.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre clima organizacional e comprometimento organizacional. A temática de clima organizacional abordou os tipos de clima, os fatores que influenciam o clima e estratégias de avaliação de clima organizacional. Já comprometimento organizacional foi conceituado e explicitado às três classificações: afetivo, contínuo e normativo. A partir da técnica de pesquisa de levantamento usou-se questionário e entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta de dados em uma diretoria de gestão de pessoas de um banco situado em Brasília. As amostras foram compostas por 124 e 17 funcionários, de ambos os sexos, que responderam sobre a percepção das várias dimensões do clima organizacional e a percepção dos gerentes sobre o comprometimento organizacional de seus subordinados, respectivamente. Os dados encontrados demonstraram pontos a investir para a melhoria do clima organizacional e a análise dos gerentes acerca dos três tipos de comprometimento: normativo...

An approach is proposed for modeling and scheduling batch production systems based on Petri nets. First, a group of jobs to be carried out by a batch production system is modeled by a transition-timed Petri net according to logical relations between operations and time requirements on operations. Second, conflict relations between operations are obtained by operation-resource diagrams that describe how operations compete for resources, and are formally expressed by linear constraints. Third, monitor places are designed to enforce linear constraints on the transition-timed Petri net, and a plant net is consequently built and made free of conflicts between operations, which can well emulate a real batch production system. Fourth, an optimal schedule problem, where the optimization performance index is to minimize a makespan, is formalized based on a plant net. Finally, a new variant of filtered beam search method is proposed to solve the problem based on an ad hoc function and a dynamical timed extended reachability graph of a plant net. A typical chemical production plant illustrates the theoretic results.

This paper concerns discrete event systems modeled with a particular class of synchronized Petri nets that include output functions, called Output Synchronized Petri nets. Such a formalism is suitable and tractable to represent a large variety of Cyber-Physical Systems. As a preliminary result on Output Synchronized Petri nets, we propose a method to design observers for such systems based on the input control and output signal that circulate between the controller and the plant. Cyber-Physical System (CPSs) are intelligent systems that integrate control, communication, and computing. CPSs have diversified applications include smart grid, autonomous automotive systems, medical monitoring, process control systems, distributed robotics, and automatic pilot avionics. This paper is about Cyber-Physical Systems modeled as discrete event systems. In particular we are interested in the modeling and analysis of both the control inputs generated by the controller and the observed outputs delivered by the plant to improve the detectability of the CPS. Our objectives are first to formalize the information that circulates in the CPS from the perspective of observation, and second to design observers for CPS based on control inputs and observed outputs. Such observers are helpful for a large variety of applications including fault tolerant control and cyber-security. As a consequence, the domains of application range from computer science and networks to Industry 4.0 including robotics and transportation aspects. In order to formalize how the information circulates in CPS, the first contribution of the paper is to introduce synchronized Petri nets combined with output functions (OutSynPN) that are suitable to describe many situations where the control inputs and delivered outputs are considered together. This new formalism enlarges the class of synchronized PNs [1], but also the classes of labeled PNs [2] and of Interpreted PN . In fact, it allows the system to be controlled and observed thanks to the input events associated with controllable transitions and to the output events related to marking changes. Thus, it is possible to represent, in a single formalism, both the plant and the controller of a CPS. The second contribution is to propose a method to design observers based *This work has been partially supported by the CPSecurity project (CNRS-INS2I grant).

This paper presents a multi-layered Question Answering (Q.A.) architecture suitable for enhancing current Q.A. capabilities with the possibility of processing complex questions. That is, questions whose answer needs to be gathered from pieces of factual information scattered in different documents. Specifically, we have designed a layer oriented to process the different types of temporal questions. Complex temporal questions are first decomposed into simpler ones, according to the temporal relationships expressed in the original question. In the same way, the answers of each simple question are re-composed, fulfilling the temporal restrictions of the original complex question. Using this architecture, a Temporal Q.A. system has been developed. In this paper, we focus on explaining the first part of the process: the decomposition of the complex questions. Furthermore, it has been evaluated with the TERQAS question corpus of 112 temporal questions. For the task of question splitting our system has performed, in terms of precision and recall, 85% and 71%, respectively.

This paper presents the automatic extension of TERSEO to other languages, a knowledge-based system for the recognition and normalization of temporal expressions, originally developed for Spanish. TERSEO was extended to English and Italian through the automatic translation of the temporal expressions, and it was presented in previous works (see Saquete et al. (2004a)), but a new methodology has been designed with the purpose of obtaining better results in this issue. This new methodology is based on the use of parallel corpora for extending the TERSEO temporal model to other languages. In this case, two different methods have been tested: (1) automatic translation of TERSEO patterns to other languages and (2) automatic corpora annotation in the target side of parallel corpora. The main idea is focused on annotating the Spanish side of a parallel corpora, projecting the analysis to the second language, and then obtaining new TERSEO patterns (1) and new annotated corpus (2). The set of new patterns will be used to improve the current TERSEO language independent modules. Whereas the new annotated corpus will be used to train a ML system. This system will annotate new temporal expressions in the new language.

In this paper, a method of event ordering based on temporal information resolution is presented. This method consists of two main steps: on the one hand, the recognition and resolution of the temporal expressions that can be transformed on a date, and therefore these dates establish an order between the events that contain them. On the other hand, the detection of temporal signals, for example after, that can not be transformed on a concrete date but relate two events in a chronological way. This event ordering method can be applied to Natural Language Processing systems, for example: Summarization, Question Answering, etc. It is important to emphasize that the event ordering method is based on a multilingual temporal information resolution system. Moreover, this multilinguality has been automatically obtained from a monolingual system (Spanish). The evaluation of the multilingual system is also shown in this paper, achieving a precision of 88% for Spanish and 77% for English.

The function of heart rate variability (HRV) has been studied over the years, but less is known about the factors predicting recovery from work stress during sleep. The availability to register reliable data for short-time HRV has raised the interest to find the congestive HRV signal. The objective of this study was to identify individual-level factors related to work and leisure-time predicting the recovery of autonomic nervous system (ANS) during congestion measured by 24-h HRV. 15 subjects (11 men, aged 22 to 71, and 4 women, aged 54 to 63) with severe congestive heart failure (NYHA class 3-4). This group of subjects was part of a larger study group receiving conventional medical therapy prior to receiving the oral inotropic agent, milrinone. Questionnaire data was gathered with a self-administered questionnaire of individual characteristics, perceived work ability, stress and psychological resources. The individual recordings are each about 20 hours in duration, and contain two ECG signals each sampled at 250 samples per second with 12-bit resolution over a range of ±10 millivolts. In this study, we only calculate first 15 minus of each subject.

Resumen: En este artículo presentamos una tarea de identificación de tópico basada en Redes Bayesianas. Estas redes son entrenadas a partir de los conceptos semánticos que se han etiquetado para cada frase a procesar y que han sido definidos por un experto en el dominio de aplicación. Los tópicos a identificar se corresponden con las cinco posiciones de control disponibles en un aeropuerto. Se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación basada en bloques de frases. Obtenemos una tasa de error de identificación de bloque del 3.5% para un esquema de evaluación 'winner takes all' usando un tamaño de 5 frases por bloque. Finalmente, comparamos los resultados obtenidos con una estrategia basada en un clasificador Bayesiano para el que tomamos como vector de parámetros las perplejidades resultantes de aplicar un modelo de lenguaje de tipo trigrama específico para cada uno de los tópicos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la importancia de considerar el orden de aparición de la información y la necesidad de incluirla en las Redes Bayesianas en futuros trabajos.

The PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family is a group of plant transmembrane proteins with a predicted function as secondary transporters. PINs have been shown to play a rate-limiting role in the catalysis of efflux of the plant growth regulator auxin from cells, and their asymmetrical cellular localization determines the direction of cell-to-cell auxin flow. There is a functional redundancy of PINs and their biochemical activity is regulated at many levels. PINs constitute a flexible network underlying the direc-tional auxin flux (polar auxin transport) which provides cells in any part of the plant body with particular positional and temporal information. Thus, the PIN network, together with downstream auxin signalling system(s), coordinates plant development. This review summarizes recent progress in the elucidation of the role of PIN proteins in polar auxin transport at the cellular level, with emphasis on their structure and evolution and regulation of their function.

This paper deals with the way temporal connectives affect Temporal Structure as well as Discourse Structure in Narratives. It presents a contrastive study of French connectives puis (then, afterwards) and un peu plus tard (a bit later) within the framework of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory. It shows that puis is a marker of the Narration discourse relation, whereas un peu plus tard blocks Narration and licenses only a weaker discourse relation, that can be considered as a "weak Narration" involving only temporal succession. In addition, puis blocks Result, while un peu plus tard does not.

Preceding chapters have shown that tense, grammatical and predicational aspect are very important clues in the process of temporal interpretation of sentences (chapter 14) and discourse (chapter 15). The present chapter investigates the interaction of tense with other temporal markers in the discourse, in particular temporal adverbials, and more specifically connectives, the linguistic elements that are used for connecting discourse segments.

A comparative study of the winter body composition between resident and migrant birds was made on the partially migratory Tasmanian race of the Grey-breasted Silvereye (Zosterops 1. lateralis). Each year some members migrate from Tasmania to winter on mainland sites, while other members remain in Tasmania year-round. Resident birds were those captured at Mt. Nelson, Tasmania, during midwinter; migrant birds were those captured during midwinter at Armidale, New South Wales, 1,500 km to the north. Nighttime winter temperatures at the two locations are very similar. Both residents and migrants showed diurnal increases in lipid content, but not in other major body components. Despite differences in photoperiod and feeding conditions at the winter grounds, lipid content accumulated in the late afternoon was similar (8% of live body mass) for residents and migrants. Fractional differences in major body components between residents and migrants were negligible, being less than 0.01 in all cases. Therefore, body composition is not related to whether an individual bird is a resident or a migrant. Low night temperatures alone do not explain why the species

A model for context-dependent natural language semantics is proposed and formalized in terms of possible worlds. The meaning of a sentence depends on context and at the same time affects that context representing the knowledge about the world collected from a discourse. The model fits well with a "flat" semantic representation as first proposed by , consisting basically of a conjunction of atomic predications in which all variables are existentially quantified with the widest possible scope; in our framework, this provides very concise semantic terms as compared with other representations. There is a natural correspondence between the possible worlds semantics and a constraint solver, and it is shown how such a semantics can be defined using the programming language of Constraint Handling Rules (Frühwirth, 1995). Discourse analysis is clearly a process of abduction in this framework, and it is shown that the mentioned constraint solvers serve as effective and efficient abductive engines for the purpose.

Whenever independent, non-cooperative actors jointly have to solve a complex task, they need to coordinate their efforts. Typical examples of such task coordination problems are supply chain management, multi-modal transportation and patient-centered health care management. Common elements in such problems are a complex task, i.e., a set of interdependent subtasks, and a set of competitive actors. Solving a task coordination problem first of all requires to solve a task allocation problem (how to assign competitive actors to the subtasks). As a result, each of the actors will receive a set of subtasks to complete and will need to make a plan for this set of tasks. Therefore, also a plan coordination problem has to be solved (how to ensure that a joint plan always can be composed, whatever plan is chosen by the individual actors). The aim of this paper is twofold: first of all to present a general formal framework to study some computational aspects of this non-cooperative coordination problem, and secondly to establish some complexity results and to identify some of the factors that contribute to the complexity of this problem.

In multi-agent domains, agents can be given planning or scheduling autonomy through coordination. However, plan coordination discards available scheduling information, while schedule coordination possibly over-constrains the problem from a planning point of view. In an attempt to attack this problem, we included more temporal information used in schedule coordination into the plan-coordination framework. We discovered that plan coordination can be achieved when reasoning with qualitative temporal constraints and durative tasks. Additionally, we defined this new coordination problem and studied its complexity. The relevance of this work is that it studies plan coordination in a wider context, such that the agents can-through coordination-be provided with both planning and scheduling autonomy.

This paper explores the role of beamforming, smart antennas, and signal optimization techniques in enabling high-speed wireless communication. It highlights how directional signal transmission, adaptive antenna arrays, and real-time optimization algorithms significantly improve signal strength, reduce interference, and enhance spectral efficiency. These technologies are essential for meeting the growing demands of 5G, 6G, and beyond, ensuring reliable, high-throughput connectivity in increasingly dense and dynamic wireless environments

Dôme C is probably the only site on Earth where to perform efficiently large scale broad band and spectro-imaging surveys in the thermal infrared. The largest gain in sensitivity with respect to the best conventional sites occurs between 2.3 and 5.5 µm . I review briefly some of the outstanding astronomical programmes that could be performed with a wide field spectro-imager equipped with a 4k × 4k arrays attached to a 2-3 meter class telescope in the framework of the CONCORDIA international platform.

Dome C CONCORDIA is the best ground site to perform deep, large scale, diffraction limited imaging surveys in the thermal infrared, in particular in the K d and L bands. A first iteration of a roadmap that could lead to the set up of a dedicated survey telescope (AMIDST concept) is briefly outlined.

We have compiled a catalog of optically-selected quasars with simultaneous observations in UV/optical and X-ray bands by the Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer. Objects in this catalog are identified by matching the Swift pointings with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 quasar catalog. The final catalog contains 843 objects, among which 637 have both UVOT and XRT observations and 354 of which are detected by both instruments. The overall X-ray detection rate is ∼ 60% which rises to ∼ 85% among sources with at least 10 ks of XRT exposure time. We construct the time-averaged spectral energy distribution for each of the 354 quasars using UVOT photometric measurements and XRT spectra. From model fits to these SEDs, we find that the big blue bump contributes about ∼ 0.3 dex to the quasar luminosity. We re-visit the α ox -L 2500 Å relation by selecting a clean sample with only type 1 radio-quiet quasars; the dispersion of this relation is reduced by at least 15% compared to studies that use non-simultaneous UV/optical and X-ray data. We only found a weak correlation between L bol /L Edd and α UV . We do not find significant correlations between α x and α ox , α ox and α UV , and α x and log L(0.3-10 keV). The correlations between α UV and α x , α ox and α x , α ox and α UV , L bol /L Edd and α x , and L bol /L Edd and α ox are stronger amongst low-redshift quasars, indicating that these correlations are likely driven by the changes of SED shape with accretion state.

Most existing methods capture semantic information by using attention mechanism or joint learning, ignoring inter-clause dependency. However, inter-clause dependency contains richer structural information that is useful to alleviate information loss so as to understand text deeply. To tackle this problem, we construct a graph suited to encode dependency information at clause level. Based on this graph, we propose a graph convolutional network over the inter-clause dependency to fuse the semantics and structural information, which automatically learns how to selectively attend the relevant clauses useful for emotion cause analysis. Intuitively, our model can be understood as a method that narrows focus from global structure to local structure by continuously injecting structural constricts into networks. Our proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets in different languages (Chinese and English). Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves superior performance compared to the existing methods, in which the graph convolution structure is found to be effective for emotion cause analysis. We further conduct experiments to confirm the ability of our model to capture long-distance information in terms of semantic and structural information. 1

Most existing methods capture semantic information by using attention mechanism or joint learning, ignoring inter-clause dependency. However, inter-clause dependency contains richer structural information that is useful to alleviate information loss so as to understand text deeply. To tackle this problem, we construct a graph suited to encode dependency information at clause level. Based on this graph, we propose a graph convolutional network over the inter-clause dependency to fuse the semantics and structural information, which automatically learns how to selectively attend the relevant clauses useful for emotion cause analysis. Intuitively, our model can be understood as a method that narrows focus from global structure to local structure by continuously injecting structural constricts into networks. Our proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets in different languages (Chinese and English). Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves superior performance compared to the existing methods, in which the graph convolution structure is found to be effective for emotion cause analysis. We further conduct experiments to confirm the ability of our model to capture long-distance information in terms of semantic and structural information. 1

The Sun is a resonant cavity for very low frequency acoustic waves, and just like a musical instrument, it supports a number of oscillation modes, also commonly known as harmonics. We are able to observe these harmonics by looking at how the Sun's surface oscillates in response to them. Although this data has been studied scientifically for decades, it has only rarely been sonified. The Sonification of Solar Harmonics (SoSH) Project seeks to sonify data related to the field of helioseismology and distribute tools for others to do the same. Creative applications of this research by the authors include musical compositions, installation artwork, a short documentary, and a full-dome planetarium experience.

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease and Trypanosoma cruzi (its etiological agent) is mainly transmitted by triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). All triatomine species are considered as potential vectors; thus, their geographic distribution and habitat information should be a fundamental guide for the surveillance and control of Chagas disease. Currently, of the 137 species distributed in the Americas (Justi and Galvão 2017), 17 species are cited for Argentina: Panstrongylus geniculatus, P. guentheri, P. megistus, P. rufotuberculatus, Psammolestes coreodes, Triatoma breyeri, T. delpontei, T. eratyrusiformis, T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. infestans, T. limai, T. patagonica, T. platensis, T. rubrofasciata, T. rubrovaria and T. sordida. Almost 20 years have passed since the publication of the “Atlas of the Triatominae” by Carcavallo et al. (1998) and no work has been done to provide an updated complete integration and analysis of the existing information for Argentinean tri...

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The sustainable management of geographic information through time is fundamental in the field of spatial planning, because handling of long-term statistical indicators is useful for setting up prospective scenarios. Sustainability means the control of complex information which is often incomplete: data come from multiple scales and heterogeneous grids, from various suppliers, at many dates, with a semantic which keeps evolving. Under these conditions, a framework for data quality assessment and estimation of missing values is necessary. This paper draws out a proposition for a system based on an object oriented spatio-temporal data model fit to figure out some relationships of interest when managing missing values, and providing a support for storage and exploitation of metadata through the usage of thematic and geographic ontologies.

Natural systems can provide excellent solutions to build artificial intelligent systems. The brain represents the best model of computation that leads to general intelligent action. However, current mainstream models reflect a weak understanding of computations performed in the brain that is translated in a failure of building powerful thinking machines. Specifically, temporal reductionist neural models elude the complexity of information processing since spike timing models reinforce the idea of neurons that compress temporal information and that computation can be reduced to a communication of information between neurons. The active brain dynamics and neuronal data analyses reveal multiple computational levels where information is intracellularly processed in neurons. New experimental findings and theoretical approach of neuroelectrodynamics challenge current models as they now stand and advocate for a change in paradigm for bioinspired computing machines.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

De plus en plus d'objets mobiles sont équipés de capteurs qui facilitent la surveillance de leur évolution et permettent la réception, le stockage et la visualisation en temps réel de leur position. Actuellement, la fouille de données dans des historiques de déplacements volumineux offre des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine de l'étude du comportement de ces objets. À partir de résultats d'analyses statistiques sur des ensembles de trajectoires, des patrons spatio-temporels (trajectoires médianes, couloirs spatiotemporels, routes types) ont été définis. En s'appuyant sur ces patrons, il est possible de détecter en temps réel des situations inhabituelles et d'en qualifier le comportement. Dans cet article, cette méthode est appliquée aux déplacements de navires dans un espace maritime ouvert afin de détecter des comportements inhabituels (retard, hors route, etc.).

In one sense, Lambalgen and Hamm's book is easy to summarize. It examines a variety of temporal phenomena in natural language from an event-based perspective. It provides a formalization of the notion of event (using a modification of version of the Event Calculus, a many-sorted first-order theory), defines a dynamic-style semantics for the system, and discusses how constraint logic programming can be used to cash out its computational content. But such a summary, while broadly speaking accurate, would leave out what gives this book its flavor. For what we have here is essentially a detailed exploration of the ramifications of a single idea. The idea is that to properly understand how temporal expressions in natural language work, we must understand how human beings construct time, and that the cognitive construction of time is best explicated in terms of planning and causality. Planning is the glue that lets human minds integrate past, present, and future, and episodic memory (which Lambalgen and Hamm view as a "generalised capacity for imagining or constructing possible worlds") is the key to this capacity. The general position just sketched is laid out in Part I of the book ("Time, Events, and Cognition"). Part II ("The Formal Apparatus") and Part III ("A Marriage Made in Heaven-Linguistics and Robotics") add flesh to this position. And the authors are determined to add as much substance as possible. The formal apparatus used is a computational theory of planning-a version of the Event Calculus reformulated in constraint logic programming. The authors opt for such a formulation not simply because it minimizes the distance between the theory and its implementation, but also because they broadly agree with Moschovakis's (1993) interpretation of the Fregean notion of sense: The sense of an expression is the algorithm that computes its reference. Their formalization allows for individual objects, real numbers (to represent time), time-dependent properties (or fluents, as they are usually called), variable quantities (degrees of happiness, the state of completion of a book review), and event types whose tokens mark the limits of time-dependent properties. Event Calculus allows for reification (that is, properties may fill argument slots in predicates) and makes it easy to model nominalization. Causality, the key relation between events, is presented in two variants: instantaneous change and continuous change. Moreover, in addition to this general background theory, they also allow for the constructions of "scenarios," microtheories stating the specific causal relationships holding in a given situation (this machinery underlies their account of lexical meanings). But these remarks only scratch the surface of a detailed theory, a theory that is carefully axiomatized. The authors consider various models for their theory, paying particular attention to minimal

Esta investigación analiza el impacto sociocultural y educativo de la exposición Mapas de Vida, inaugurada en 2022 en el Museo de la Cultura Viva Afroboliviana en Tocaña. El estudio se enfoca en la recepción de la muestra y su eficacia en la difusión del patrimonio afroboliviano, considerando las percepciones tanto de residentes como de visitantes. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas a habitantes de Tocaña y encuestas en línea a visitantes externos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante codificación temática. Los resultados evidencian tres impactos principales: (1) transformación en la comprensión del patrimonio afroboliviano, con énfasis en la visibilización del rol de las mujeres; (2) fortalecimiento de la identidad cultural local y apropiación intergeneracional del patrimonio; y (3) un efecto educativo positivo mediado por recursos visuales y testimonios orales. Se concluye que la exposición ha contribuido a la sensibilización del público y a la revalorización del patrimonio afroboliviano. No obstante, se identifican desafíos persistentes, como la incorporación de tecnologías interactivas y la necesidad de estrategias de mediación más inclusivas que amplíen su alcance educativo y social.

We consider the challenges that arise when plans are based on an incorrect representation of the domain in which they are executed. We describe how information about plan formation, and how the way in which each plan step is related to the domain representation, can help identify problems in the underlying ontology when plan failure is encountered. We introduce the notion of a plan deconstructor, used to extract this information from the domain representation so that is it available when plan failure occurs. Thus a more accurate ontology can be developed and more robust plans can be formed.

In this paper, we describe our participation in the TempEval-3 challenge. With our multilingual temporal tagger HeidelTime, we addressed task A, the extraction and normalization of temporal expressions for English and Spanish. Exploiting HeidelTime's strict separation between source code and languagedependent parts, we tuned HeidelTime's existing English resources and developed new Spanish resources. For both languages, we achieved the best results among all participants for task A, the combination of extraction and normalization. Both the improved English and the new Spanish resources are publicly available with HeidelTime.

This paper is devoted to the complex problem of synthesis of artificial neural networks. Firstly, the existing methods, recommendations and solutions of the problem are consider. As a new solution, the mechanism of using the modification of the genetic algorithm to determine the weights of the hidden and output layers (network training) is proposed. Testing and comparison of the results with the results of the existing methods were carried out for the correct evaluation of the method.

A vast amount of temporal information is provided on the web. Even though many facts expressed in documents are time-related, the temporal properties of web presentations have not received much attention. In database research, temporal databases have become a mainstream topic in recent years. In web documents temporal data may exist as meta data in the header and as user-directed data in the body of a document. Whereas temporal data can easily be identified in the semi-structured meta data, it is more difficult to determine temporal data and its role in the body. We propose procedures for maintaining temporal integrity of web pages and outline different approaches of applying bitemporal data concepts for web documents. In particular, we regard desirable functionalities of web repositories and other web-related tools that may support the webmasters in managing the temporal data of their web-documents. Some properties of a prototype environment are described.

This paper proposes an improved approach of summarization for spoken multi-party interaction, in which intra-speaker and inter-speaker topics are modeled in a graph constructed with topical relations. Each utterance is represented as a node of the graph, and the edge between two nodes is weighted by the similarity between the two utterances, which is the topical similarity, as evaluated by probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). We model intra-speaker topics by sharing the topics from the same speaker and inter-speaker topics by partially sharing the topics from the adjacent utterances based on temporal information. For both manual transcripts and ASR output, experiments confirmed the efficacy of combining intra-and inter-speaker topic modeling for summarization.

Local probe techniques have been largely applied to predict the spatial distribution of the electrochemical reactions and to quantify the corrosion rate. These local probe techniques are now being developed to capture the temporal information, in-situ and in real-time. Nevertheless only few works have been devoted to investigate with these local probes the role of stress on pitting sensitivity on passive materials. In this paper, a part of the most recent studies based on combination of local electrochemical measurements with finite element mapping of surface stress gradients are reported illustrating the role of inclusions under straining and the mechanical effect of surface preparation on pitting sensitivity of stainless steels.