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Tax Policy

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Tax policy refers to the principles and guidelines that govern the taxation system of a government, including the structure, rates, and administration of taxes. It encompasses decisions on tax revenue generation, distribution of tax burdens, and the economic and social implications of tax laws.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Tax policy refers to the principles and guidelines that govern the taxation system of a government, including the structure, rates, and administration of taxes. It encompasses decisions on tax revenue generation, distribution of tax burdens, and the economic and social implications of tax laws.

Key research themes

1. How can comprehensive tax reform balance economic growth, equity, and administrative efficiency?

This theme explores the design and implementation of tax reforms that simultaneously promote economic competitiveness, ensure fairness in tax burdens across income groups, and maintain or improve the efficiency of tax administration. Central to this area is the tension between reducing distortive taxes on investment and labor to foster growth while addressing income inequality through progressive taxation and preserving government revenues for public services. Methodological approaches include quantitative evaluation of tax burdens, overlapping-generations life-cycle models, and comparative international cross-country analyses to assess effective tax rates, welfare implications, and political feasibility.

Key finding: This paper ranks Canada 11th highest globally for effective tax rates on capital, highlighting that high marginal personal and corporate tax rates particularly impede investment in service sectors, thereby undermining... Read more
Key finding: Using an overlapping-generations life-cycle model, this study compares tax policy options—income tax, consumption tax, and lump-sum tax—evaluated through multiple objectives including social welfare, political support, wealth... Read more
Key finding: This seminal work empirically links tax structures, especially individual and payroll taxes on capital and labor, to macroeconomic performance across industrialized and developing countries before and after 1979-83. It... Read more
Key finding: By tracing four decades of reforms, this paper highlights how fiscal governance improvements—especially tax reforms raising tax effort and fiscal headroom—enabled the Philippines' transition from slow growth with high... Read more
Key finding: This study reviews Nigeria’s fragmented and administratively complex tax system and analyzes how the 2025 Tax Reform Laws aim to harmonize tax legislation, broaden the tax base, and enhance revenue mobilization. It emphasizes... Read more

2. What are the challenges and innovations in tax administration and enforcement in emerging and digital economies?

This research theme addresses the evolving complexities in tax administration, particularly in emerging markets and digital economies where globalization, digital platforms, and cross-border economic activities challenge conventional tax collection and compliance efforts. It includes legal reforms to harmonize taxpayer identification, administrative capacity building, incorporation of technology, and the balancing of state power versus taxpayer protections. Empirical investigations involve qualitative case studies, quantitative compliance data, and legal analysis of tax identification and anti-avoidance mechanisms.

Key finding: This legal analysis details Uganda’s transition from standalone Tax Identification Numbers (TINs) to institutional identifiers including National Identification Numbers and URSB registration numbers, aligning domestic... Read more
Key finding: Empirical analysis based on survey data from senior FIRS staff demonstrates that effective leadership and management practices significantly enhance revenue generation by improving operational efficiency and taxpayer... Read more
Key finding: Through examination of UK tax cases, this paper demonstrates that even in ostensibly rules-based tax systems, significant judicial discretion exists due to linguistic ambiguity and complexity in tax rules. It cautions that... Read more

3. How do tax policies influence income inequality and socioeconomic equity?

Research in this theme investigates the capacity of tax systems, especially progressive income taxation and fiscal redistribution, to reduce economic disparities. It focuses on the distributional impacts of tax structures, taxpayer perceptions, tax revenue usage for social programs, and behavioral responses. Methodologies encompass empirical analyses combining survey data on taxpayer awareness and perception with examinations of tax incidence and social welfare outcomes to assess equity implications and guide policy improvements.

Key finding: This study on India integrates taxpayer awareness and perceptions with an analysis of progressive income tax policy effectiveness in reducing economic disparity. It finds that higher tax knowledge correlates with greater... Read more
Key finding: Using a thick, case-study methodology, this paper evidences how shortcuts in tax policy development and legislative practices in New Zealand have weakened the rule of law, eroding taxpayer trust and compliance. It underscores... Read more
Key finding: This compendium synthesizes the ethical, moral, and social dimensions of taxation drawn from Catholic and Orthodox Jewish teachings, among others, stressing the moral imperatives underpinning tax compliance and social... Read more

All papers in Tax Policy

En Ecuador, el régimen de Compañías Foráneas Controladas (CFC) tiene como objetivo prevenir y evitar la evasión fiscal y el traslado de beneficios a jurisdicciones que tienen baja tributación, bajo los instrumentos internacionales... more
El capítulo, comunicación técnica presentada al XXIV Congreso Anual de la Academia Mexicana de Derecho Fiscal, parte de la relación óntica entre las nociones de tributo y sanción para ahondar en la identificación de los casos de abuso de... more
ES: El artículo plantea que el sistema tributario debe sustentarse en principios de justicia, equidad e igualdad, siguiendo teorías filosóficas como las de Rawls y Dworkin. Se sostiene que los impuestos no son solo mecanismos de... more
Makalah ini disusun sebagai salah satu bentuk pemahaman penulis terhadap sistem perpajakan di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai mekanisme pemungutan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 yang bersifat final dan Pasal 26 yang dikenakan kepada Subjek... more
latar belakang latar belakang Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) merupakan sumber utama penerimaan negara. PPh Pasal 21 dikenakan atas penghasilan orang pribadi dalam negeri, sedangkan PPh Pasal 26 untuk Subjek Pajak Luar Negeri (SPLN) atas... more
Makalah ini disusun sebagai salah satu bentuk pemahaman penulis terhadap sistem perpajakan di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai mekanisme pemungutan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 yang bersifat final dan Pasal 26 yang dikenakan kepada Subjek... more
PPh Pasal 21 Final adalah pemotongan/pemungutan pajak atas penghasilan sehubungan dengan pekerjaan, jasa, atau kegiatan yang dikenai tarif atau mekanisme pemungutan tertentu sehingga besaran pajak bersifat final bagi penerima penghasilan.... more
This qualitative study examines how micro-level tax burdens borne by households and firms influence economic behavior, and how macro-level tax policy shapes aggregate demand and legitimacy. Through interviews, focus groups, and document... more
1. Menurut anda, bagaimana ketidakpatuhan bendaharawan pemerintah terhadap pemungutan PPh Pasal 22 dapat memengaruhi transparansi dan kredibilitas instansi pemerintah di mata publik? Jawaban: Ketidakpatuhan bendaharawan pemerintah... more
Berdasarkan Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 tentang Pajak Penghasilan, PPh 22 merupakan bentuk pemotongan atau pemungutan pajak yang dilakukan satu pihak terhadap wajib pajak dan berkaitan dengan kegiatan perdagangan barang. PPh... more
Yang di maksud dengan nilai impor adalah nilai yang berupa uang yang menjadi daftar perhitungan Bea masuk yaitu Cost Insuranceand Freight (CIF) ditambah Bea masuk dan pungutan lainnya yang dikenakan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan... more
MAKALAH PPH PASAL 22
Assalamualaikum wr.wb. Puji syukur atas rahmat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat serta karunia-Nya sehingga makalah ini dapat selesai. Makalah ini dibuat dengan tujuan memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Aspek Hukum dalam Bisnis dari Bapak Dr. Wirmie Eka... more
dosen mata kuliah Perpajakan 2 yang telah memberikan tugas ini sehingga dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan sesuai dengan bidang studi yang saya tekuni. Saya juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membagi sebagian... more
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadiran Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas segala rahmat-Nya sehingga makalah ini dapat tersusun sampai selesai tepat pada waktunya. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah "Perpajakan 2"yang di... more
Perhitungan PPh pasal 22 Impor Bendaharawan Industri Tertentu
Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya, makalah yang berjudul "Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 22" ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Makalah ini disusun sebagai salah satu tugas akademik... more
Perhitungan PPh Pasal 22 Impor Bendaharawan Industri Tertentu
makalah ini juga bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan mengenai perhitungan PPh 22. Dan saya juga berharap makalah ini bisa bermanfaat untuk saya pada khususnya dan pembaca pada umumnya. Walaupun demikian, sudah tentu makalah ini masih... more
This white paper redefines Tax Hells for the 21st century as modern fiscal architectures operating through data extraction and behavioral control rather than taxation by monetary rates. It introduces Taxhells — a new research framework... more
PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PASAL 21 FINAL DAN PASAL 26 BAGI SPLN (SUBJEK PAJAK LUAR NEGRI) Dosen Pengampu: Dr. Wirmie Eka Putra, S.E . ,M.Si Scheilla Aprilia Murnidayanti, S.Pn. ,... more
Tugas Mata Kuliah: Pajak Penghasilan Pemotongan dan Pemungutan

Dosen Pengampu: Dr. Wirmie Eka Putra, S.E., M.Si. dan Scheilla Aprilia Murnidayanti, S.Pn., M.A.
Tugas Mata Kuliah: Pajak Penghasilan Pemotongan dan Pemungutan

Dosen Pengampu: Dr. Wirmie Eka Putra, S.E., M.Si. dan Scheilla Aprilia Murnidayanti, S.Pn., M.A.
PPT tentang mekanisme PPH pasal 21 final dan padal 26 bagi SPLN
Pemungutan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) atas penghasilan yang diterima Subjek Pajak Luar Negeri (SPLN) telah diatur dalam ketentuan perpajakan Indonesia. Dua aturan yang paling sering dikaitkan dengan SPLN adalah PPh Pasal 21 dan PPh Pasal 26.... more
Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 tentang PPh (UU PPh), penghasilan didefinisikan sebagai setiap tambahan kemampuan ekonomis yang diterima atau diperoleh Wajib Pajak, baik yang berasal dari Indonesia maupun dari luar negeri. PPh bersifat... more
PENGERTIAN KUP, HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN WAJIB PAJAK & FISCUS, NPWP, DAN NPPKP
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