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Surge Arrester

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A surge arrester is a protective device used in electrical systems to limit voltage transients caused by lightning strikes or switching operations. It diverts excess voltage away from sensitive equipment, thereby preventing damage and ensuring the reliability of electrical infrastructure.
lightbulbAbout this topic
A surge arrester is a protective device used in electrical systems to limit voltage transients caused by lightning strikes or switching operations. It diverts excess voltage away from sensitive equipment, thereby preventing damage and ensuring the reliability of electrical infrastructure.

Key research themes

1. How can diagnostic and condition monitoring techniques effectively assess and predict the aging and degradation of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters (MOSAs) in power distribution networks?

This research area focuses on developing and refining multiple diagnostic methods to monitor the health, performance, and remaining lifespan of MOSAs. Effective condition monitoring is critical due to MOSAs' role in protecting power systems from overvoltages caused by lightning and switching. Understanding degradation mechanisms through diagnostics like leakage current, partial discharge, thermal imaging, and frequency response analysis supports preventive maintenance and reduces unplanned outages.

Key finding: The paper comprehensively reviews various online and offline MOSA diagnostic techniques including leakage current analysis, partial discharge measurements, thermal imaging, and electromagnetic field measurements, comparing... Read more
Key finding: Introduces Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) as an innovative offline technique for early detection of MOSA degradation, showing that changes in the frequency response spectra correlate with deterioration induced by... Read more
Key finding: Proposes a machine learning approach utilizing back-propagation regression to estimate the non-linearity coefficient of MOSAs, an indicator more robust against voltage and ambient condition variations than harmonic leakage... Read more
Key finding: Employs finite element method (FEM) and heat transfer modeling integrated with frequency and time-series analysis to characterize thermal and electrical stresses in MOSAs during short-circuit and surge events. Highlights that... Read more
Key finding: Though primarily focused on installation strategy, this study also contributes to condition monitoring by demonstrating how installing multiple low-voltage surge arresters in parallel reduces thermal stress and absorbed... Read more

2. What are the optimal surge arrester design and allocation strategies to enhance overvoltage protection and system reliability in power distribution networks?

This theme investigates methods to optimize the placement, coordination, and design of surge arresters within electrical distribution systems to maximize equipment protection, minimize outages, and balance economic constraints. Techniques range from genetic algorithms for arrester placement to modeling electromagnetic transient phenomena and transient energy absorption, aiming to improve surge arrester coordination with system components and overvoltage scenarios.

Key finding: Develops a genetic algorithm (GA) integrated with Alternative Transient Program (ATP) simulations that efficiently selects critical electrical nodes for surge arrester allocation, maximizing equipment protection under budget... Read more
Key finding: Experimental findings reveal that neutron and gamma radiation can improve certain functional characteristics of gas-filled surge arresters by influencing electrical breakdown mechanisms within the ionized gas. These results... Read more
Key finding: Presents a permeance-based analytical design methodology for supercapacitor assisted surge absorbers (SCASA), which represent a novel class of surge protection devices. By optimizing magnetic core selection using empirical... Read more
Key finding: Utilizes a 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model to analyze the effect of installing two surge arresters in parallel on insulator overvoltages caused by lightning transients. Results demonstrate that parallel... Read more
Key finding: Proposes frequency-dependent (FD) models of metal oxide surge arresters compliant with IEEE standards and integrates them with detailed transmission line and tower models to simulate lightning overvoltages. This modeling... Read more

3. How do external environmental and operational factors, including lightning activity and electromagnetic pulses, impact the performance and selection of surge arresters in power systems?

This research theme examines the influence of external factors such as lightning parameters, transient electromagnetic pulses, radiation fields, and environmental stresses on surge arrester performance and system protection strategies. Understanding these effects is vital for accurate arrester rating, insulation coordination, and ensuring reliability in environments with complex transient phenomena.

Key finding: Compares direct instrumentation of lightning parameters with lightning location systems to obtain comprehensive data for modelling multi-component lightning flashes affecting surge arrester energy stresses. The study... Read more
Key finding: Demonstrates through 3D-FDTD and EMTP simulations that lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), beyond direct current injection, significantly affect overvoltage magnitude and polarity on overhead distribution lines during... Read more
Key finding: Develops and validates a method for selecting appropriate surge protective device classes (I, II, or III) in low-voltage service entrances of buildings connected to overhead networks, based on probabilistic models of energy... Read more
Key finding: Investigates the impact of extremely fast, high-frequency electromagnetic fields generated in fusion reactors on the operational stability of gas-filled surge arresters. Findings reveal that such transient fields can reduce... Read more
Key finding: Uses EMTP-RV simulations and modelling of indirect lightning strikes to evaluate electrical performance and insulation robustness of polymer-insulated rail brackets in a fourth rail DC urban transit system. The study... Read more

All papers in Surge Arrester

In this study the effect of MOSA on controlling of the non-conventional ferroresonance overvoltage in the iron core voltage transformer is studied. It is expected that MOSA can generally damp ferroresonance overvoltages. Time-domain study... more
The condition of lightning surge causes the traveling waves and the temporary increase in voltage in the transmission line system. Lightning is the most harmful for destroying the transmission line and setting devices so it is necessary... more
Performance Improvement Of 123 kV Line Ston -Komolac By Use Of Line Surge Arresters M. PUHARIĆ (*), M. MESIĆ (**), M. LOVRIĆ (**), J. RADOVANOVIĆ (**), S. SADOVIĆ (***) Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency, CROATIA (*) HEP -Transmission... more
by beei iaes and 
1 more
Gapless surge arresters (GLSA) constructed with zinc oxide (ZnO) element is connected in electrical power system for protection against surge voltage. For condition monitoring of GLSA conventionally offline and online techniques are... more
Surge arresters protect substation equipments against switching and atmospheric surges. A defective arrester may expose the power system to failures that can lead to a complete turn off of the system, or even explode damaging other... more
In order to understand the thermal and electrical properties of surge arrester under standard climatic conditions, it would be useful to evaluate the heating progression in its different elements. These are constituted of heterogeneous... more
This paper deals with analyzing specific transient states of voltages in electric power systems of high voltages. The paper presents the results of the analysis of operational disturbances caused by lightning discharges in 110 kV power... more
Equipment in high voltage power systems can be protected effectively by metal oxide surge arresters. Basically two different types of surge arresters are used: surge arresters with air insulation using porcelain or polymeric housings (AIS... more
This paper presents the estimation and comparison characteristics of long flashover arrestor (LFA) by varying the breadth of ring components under the 1.2/50 microsecond positive and negative impulse voltages. The breadth of the ring was... more
The aim of this study was to develop a device to suppress fast electromagnetic pulse (EMP) in a few nanoseconds. M e n an electronic equipment or power line is subjected to a transient from intense and fast electromagnetic interference... more
The paper discusses the possibility of improving the character of gas surge arresters. Examined were: the magnetic field effect, the effect of the hollow cathode, and the effect of the alpha radiation source 241Am. Numerical and real... more
The interaction of rocket-triggered lightning with two unenergized power distribution lines of about 800 m length was studied at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing in Florida. A horizontally configured line was... more
The most common monitoring method of metal–oxide surge arrester is based on leakage current measurement, particularly, the component of resistive leakage current. Nowadays, there are several analytical methods used to extract the... more
This research paper deals with the problem of Metal-Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) condition monitoring and a new methodology in surge arrester monitoring and diagnostics is presented. A machine learning algorithm (back propagation... more
Metal-oxide surge arresters (MOSAs) play an important role in preventing outage situations and thus in preserving the reliability of electric power system. So far, many MOSA monitoring methods have been developed. These methods propose... more
In the usual practice, the evaluation of overvoltages due to direct lightning strikes to overhead power lines is focused on the representation of the effects of the lightning current injection, whilst the effects of the coupling between... more
The importance of simulating surge arresters in fast transients programs stems from their useful property as a means of controlling switching overvoltages in EHV and UHV systems. The paper proposes a surge arrester model to be used in... more
The quality of electrical power supply is significantly determined by the reliability of distribution networks. One of the technical possibilities for an increase in the reliability of distribution networks is the usage of an efficient... more
In this paper, an advancement approach considering an infrared thermography methodology is taken into account for pronouncing and diagnosing the fault persisting in the electrical equipment. This technology is mainly focused on... more
Lightning phenomenon has resulted into several losses to both supply-side and load-side of the electricity infrastructure. Quite a handful of research has investigated strategies for its mitigation. This work is an application of the... more
The Standards /1/ require a test of varistors and spark gaps for lightning protection of low power distributions and low voltage switchboards. During the combined impulse and power frequency test of metallic oxide varistors, no follow... more
The fourth rail transit is an interesting topic to be shared and accessed by the community within that area of expertise. Several ongoing works are currently being conducted especially in the aspects of system technical performances... more
Electric energy has been transmiting from power station to end user with transmission and distribution lines.Lightning strokes are problems that occure in transmission and distribution lines and make them fault when theelectric energy... more
Electricity demand continues to increase so that the required power in a large number of high quality and reliability. Problems in electric power system that occur in transmission and distribution lines that is often of lightning stroke.... more
At the present, demand of electric power progressively increas, therefore product of electric power have to with quality and have high reliability. The biggest trouble in electric power system happened in distribution and transmission... more
A model for metal-oxide surge arresters, derived f?om that one recommended f?om the IEEE W.G. 3.4.11, is presented. The main innovation introduced by the paper lays in the simplicity of the criteria proposed for the model's parameter... more
A model for metal-oxide surge arresters, derived f?om that one recommended f?om the IEEE W.G. 3.4.11, is presented. The main innovation introduced by the paper lays in the simplicity of the criteria proposed for the model's parameter... more
The application of metal-oxide surge arresters to protect distribution lines from lightning is of great interest to electric utilities seeking to improve reliability and quality of the energy supplied to consumers. However, due to the... more
Рассматриваются конструктивные особенности стеклянных изоляторов. Приведены результаты расчетов напряженности электрического поля в объеме сухого чистого изолятора путем моделирования поля посредством метода конечных элементов,... more
The solar PV has become an alternative solution in Malaysia to generate electricity. Unfortunately the solar PV installed in Malaysia is attracted to the lightning strike. There were two points that have high possibilities of being strike... more
The gapless metal oxide surge arresters have been available in the market for many years since they were first introduced in the 1970’s. Its primary function is to protect the equipment in the system against various electrical... more
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or... more
Havai iletim hat arızalarının önemli bir kısmı, genellikle yıldırımın şiddetli olduğu bölgelerde gözlemlenmektedir. Yıldırım aşırı gerilimlerinin etkisinin azaltılması için uygulanacak koruma yöntemini belirlemeden önce her bir iletim... more
A review of proposed leakage current-based techniques applied in condition monitoring of metal oxide surge arresters is presented in this study. The fundamental conceptual theories that form the basis of resistive current extraction as... more
It is known that an unpredictable threat of transient overvoltage exists in a power system. Therefore, transient overvoltage protection analysis, commonly known as insulation coordination, should be performed to design cold-ironing power... more
This paper presents a study regarding the lightning flashover rates of transmission lines comparing results from calculation procedures and field experience. The proposed procedure is based on Monte Carlo method and allows the estimation... more
This study examined the effects of direct transformer facilities on the network of medium voltage failures that can be caused by parafudr by using regional data and type project modeling. The plant, which is modeled first, has been... more
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is a high building that vulnerable to lightning strike. Once the BTS has been struck by lightning, an overcurrent will flow to the system caused by a lightning surge current. This surge current then... more
In this paper, the problems of PV arrays under partial shading and a short circuit failure of bypass diode were analyzed with modeling the mathematical equation by using simulation, and the electrical and thermal characteristics were... more
(making) operation on the peak value of short-circuit current of 100 kA two times without maintenance, was used. This article presents the main task of HSES at application in GIS, design characteristics, and two different test procedures.... more
A surge arrester diverts lightning surge to earth, preventing damage on electrical systems. Under normal operating condition, surge arresters do not conduct current but there is a leakage current flow across surge arresters. Leakage... more
The paper presents the lightning stroke measurements performed by different measurement systems. First, the lightning activity monitoring system at Lovćen tower is presented. The mountain Lovćen is located close to the sea coast, in the... more
The paper presents the lightning stroke measurements performed by different measurement systems. First, the lightning activity monitoring system at Lovćen tower is presented. The mountain Lovćen is located close to the sea coast, in the... more
The possibility of decreasing backflashover numbers on medium voltage overhead lines located in regions with high soil resistivity has been analyzed in this paper. Until now, activities in this field of protecting overhead lines have been... more
and Met al lurgy, Uni ver sity of Bel grade, Bel grade, Ser bia 2 Vin~a In sti tute of Nu clear Sci ences, Na tional In sti tute of the Re pub lic of Ser bia, Uni ver sity of Bel grade, Bel grade, Ser bia 3 School of Elec tri cal En gi... more
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