Sports Injuries

بیسآ تیلاعف کفنیلا ءزج یگدید هب و یشزرو یاه ییم دیدیش بییسآ و هدوب ینامرهق شزرو صوصخ دیناوت ادنا رطخ هب ار ناراکشزرو یناور و ینامسج یتملاس دز زیی نا ،دنایسر رقادید هیب اهنآ رد ار کرحت ، ة ایهنآ ار هنیزه و شهاک یاه ینامرد .دهد شیازفا ار هدرک ناونع هتشذگ تاعلاطم دنا یگدایمآ مدیع ،ندریکن مرگ هک با ،یشزرو بسانمان طیحم ،ینامسج راز تدیش و درادناتیساریي ریایسو و زا ناراکیشزرو یندیب یایهدروخرب بیسآ زورب رلع نیرتمهم دنتسه یشزرو یاه ( 1 ) . یم بوسحم یناوج روشک ،یتیعمج ظاحل زا ام روشک دوش تیلاعف رد ناناوج زا ییلااب دصرد و یم تکرش یشزرو یاه داریفا رتیشیب تکرایشم اب هک تسا یعیبط .دننک بیسآ عویش ،یشزرو تاقباسم و تانیرمت رد رو یاه ؛دشاب رتشیب زین یشز هک یتامدخ یارب اضاقت هجیتن رد صصختم ا بیسآ ن یکشزپ و یسانش یم هئارا یشزرو بیسآ .تسا ینوزف هب ور دنهد شزرو ایب طبتریم یاه ، بیسآ رک زا ییلااب دصرد یم رماش ار ییاه ییم شرازیگ ینایمرد زیکارم رد لاس لوط رد هک دوش دنویش ( 8 ) . شهوژپ یم ناشن اه هک دنهد تاقباسم رصف کی یط رد یها شناد ناراکشزرو ، لامتدا اب 5 / 0 رایچد دصرد یم ینامسج بیسآ یعون دنوش ( 3 ) . ها ...

Injuries resulting from sports can be persistent and pose a substantial impact on athletes' performance, economic wellbeing, quality of life and also create a detrimental impact on the sports industry. The integration of wearable technology in sports marks a significant advancement in sports science, aiming to proactively prevent injuries and optimise athletic performance. This technology empowers coaches and athletes with actionable insights, fostering a safer and more efficient training environment. Wearable technologies can help mitigate the risk to athletes by identifying injury risk factors and focusing on injury risk reduction. In this regard, research surrounding preventing sports injuries becomes more prevalent. This paper comprehensively reviewed several literatures and explored the impacts of wearable technology for injury prevention in sports. The paper also discussed how wearable technologies can improve the health and athletic performance of athletes. By analysing the impact of wearable technology across various sports, the paper provides a thorough analysis of wearable technology in sports, its benefits to athletes, coaches, healthcare professionals, managers and researchers, offering a detailed summary of wearable technology in sports. The paper will contribute to body of knowledge in wearable technology and ultimately improving sports performance.

The lower back region is among the most susceptible areas to strain and injury due to repetitive flexion, rotation, and sudden muscular contractions during athletic performance. Such factors often lead to functional injuries that may hinder athletes from continuing training or participating in competitions. This study aims to examine the effect of Williams exercises in reducing pain severity, improving range of motion (ROM), and strengthening the muscles supporting the spinal column in football players suffering from lower back pain.

Skillful performances require strength in a fundamental way, and its importance, role, and structure emerge from one activity to another according to the requirements set by the situations of this activity to reach the higher levels. The purpose of this paper is to establishing basic strength training exercises to developing some physical variables for beginners and to identify the effect of the exercises. A sample of (36) beginners, from the football school in Wasit Governorate, (age = 10.5 ± 1.5 years, height = 142.32 ± 3.87 cm, mass 38.95 ± 3.71 kg) participated in the study. The participants in the experimental group (n=36) completed pre-tests and post-tests.The results of the experimental sample show that there was a significant improvement in the mean scores for basic strength on the post-test compared to the pre-test. The mean score Sprint 30 m from (5.95 to 5.08, p<0.005), the mean score for the Bend the torso forward and down from standing from (1.41 to 3.91, p<0.005), (Agility from (10.55 to 8.57, p<0.005), and the mean score for (measuring eye-leg coordination) from (13.49 to 9.93, p<0.005). The most important conclusions are that the exercises have a clear impact on the players' abilities and in a positive direction. It has become clear to distinguish the differences between the two research groups in terms of the external appearance of the muscles and the positive impact on the psychological state.

Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura, siguiendo las pautas PRISMA, con el objetivo de analizar como
influyen los estilos de apego (ansioso, seguro y evitativo) en los deportistas de competición. Se consultaron las bases de datos Web of
Science, Scopus, Current Contents Connect, Medline y SciELO, considerando investigaciones publicadas en español e inglés durante
el período 2013- 28 enero de 2025. Tras una exhaustiva búsqueda, se seleccionaron 16 estudios que cumplían con los criterios de
inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los estudios poseían un diseño transversal, con tres excepciones de
corte longitudinal. Las muestras incluyeron deportistas de diversas disciplinas como por ejemplo atletismo o baloncesto. El instrumento
de medida más utilizado fue la Coach-Athlete Attachment Scale (CAAS). Los artículos seleccionados se agruparon en tres categorías
temáticas: (1) la relación entre los estilos de apego y la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas (autonomía, competencia y
relación); (2) la influencia de los estilos de apego en la dinámica relacional entrenador-atleta; y (3) el impacto de los estilos de apego
en la salud física y mental de los deportistas. Los hallazgos revelaron la importancia del estilo de apego seguro en diversos aspectos
del rendimiento deportivo y el bienestar psicológico de los atletas. El apego seguro se ha relacionado positivamente con una mayor
satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas, una mejor calidad de la relación con el entrenador (considerado una figura potencial de
apego principal en el contexto deportivo) y un mejor rendimiento deportivo en general. Por el contrario, los estilos de apego inseguros
(ansioso y evitativo) parecieron representar un factor de riesgo para el bienestar del atleta y su desempeño. Se concluye que la teoría
del apego se consolida como un marco explicativo útil para comprender los factores intrapersonales y relacionales que influyen en el
bienestar y el rendimiento de los deportistas.

RESUMEN: Los psicólogos del deporte han explorado, en un intento de optimizar el rendimiento deportivo de los futbolistas, diferentes variables que pueden comprometerlo. Entre otras, destaca la ansiedad precompetitiva, la cual podría impactar negativamente en el desempeño de los jugadores. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto de la ansiedad precompetitiva sobre el rendimiento percibido de los jugadores, así como el impacto de variables como la fase de la temporada, la categoría, la edad y el trabajo con un psicólogo sobre los niveles de ansiedad precompetitiva experimentados por futbolistas profesionales. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico se han seleccionado 132 futbolistas de entre 18 y 38 años (M = 22.94; DT = 4.41) que compiten en seis categorías diferentes y a los que se ha aplicado el Inventario de Ansiedad Precompetitiva 2 Revisado (CSAI-2R) y el cuestionario Características Psicológicas Relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo, en su adaptación para futbolistas (CPRD-F). Los resultados indican que no se han hallado diferencias en los niveles de ansiedad precompetitiva en función de las variables evaluadas. Sin embargo, se ha comprobado que los jugadores con mejor rendimiento, que compiten en categorías superiores y que trabajan el aspecto psicológico poseen mayores habilidades psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento. Se concluye que las habilidades psicológicas tienen un mayor impacto sobre el rendimiento que la ansiedad precompetitiva, y el psicólogo deportivo resulta fundamental para desarrollar estos recursos.

RESUMEN: El tema de las habilidades para la vida es uno de los más estudiados en los últimos años a raíz de la aplicación de la perspectiva del Positive Youth Development al contexto deportivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el papel que tienen los entrenadores en el proceso de adquisición de habilidades para la vida en una muestra de estudiantes-deportistas. Se ha seguido una metodología cualitativa desde el paradigma del realismo crítico en el que han participado 13 deportistas-estudiantes (5 de los cuales mujeres) con una media de edad de 20.7 años (DT = 6.8) en dos grupos focales. Tras el análisis temático deductivo se extrajeron 3 temas relevantes: (a) los entrenadores usan estrategias implícitas de enseñanza de habilidades para la vida; (b) ausencia de enseñanza de habilidades transformativas de forma explícita; (c) los deportistas señalan que las experiencias negativas también les han enseñado cosas. Derivado de estos, se propone un abordaje orientado a crear estrategias explícitas por parte de entrenadores que tengan valor para el desarrollo de estudiantes deportistas en las primeras etapas de su carrera y en el transcurso de una carrera dual. El diseño de estrategias explícitas como la reflexión sobre habilidades para la vida o la invitación a realizar la transferencia a otras áreas de la vida del deportista, debería incluirse en la programación de las sesiones deportivas. PALABRAS CLAVES: habilidades para la vida, desarrollo positivo juvenil, carrera dual Experiencias profesionales "Trabajo presentado en el Congreso Nacional de Psicología del Deporte Barcelona 24". Financiación: Este trabajo se ha realizado en parte gracias al proyecto HENAC: Entornos Saludables a lo largo de la Carrera Deportiva (PID2022-138242OB-I00) financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

: La esquizofrenia es un trastorno mental grave (TMG) que afecta a 24 millones de personas en el mundo. Las investigaciones
realizadas en la última década sugieren que el ejercicio físico puede ofrecer numerosos beneficios en la salud física y mental de
los pacientes con TMG, incluida la esquizofrenia. Este trastorno se conceptualiza a través de múltiples síntomas entre los que se
encuentran los característicos síntomas positivos y negativos, altamente disfuncionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar si la
aplicación de programas de ejercicio o actividad física en al ámbito sanitario, tiene efectos terapéuticos sobre los síntomas positivos
(e. g. alucinaciones, ideas delirantes, lenguaje desorganizado, lenguaje desorganizado, comportamiento desorganizado…) y negativos
(e.g. anhedonia, abulia, alogia…) de la esquizofrenia y qué tipo de programa es más efectivo, basados en los resultados medidos con
Escala de Síndrome Positivo y Negativo (PANSS), a través de una revisión sistemática realizada mediante el método PRISMA. Se realizó
una exhaustiva búsqueda de artículos científicos publicados en las bases de datos de Scopus, Science Direct y PubMed en el periodo
comprendido entre enero 2019 y marzo 2024. Se incluyeron 17 estudios finales en la revisión. Los resultados muestran la efectividad de
la práctica de ejercicio, sobre todo aeróbico, en la reducción de los síntomas positivos y negativos característicos de la esquizofrenia. Se
concluye que los efectos beneficiosos que aporta la realización de ejercicio sobre los síntomas de la esquizofrenia apoyan la necesidad
de promover la inclusión del ejercicio físico como tratamiento coadyuvante al tratamiento psicológico que puede tener el potencial de
disminuir la gravedad de los síntomas y aumentar la eficacia de la terapia psicológica aplicada. Los hallazgos muestran beneficios,
aunque sigue siendo necesario realizar diseños de investigación más homogéneos (respecto al tipo de ejercicio, frecuencia, intensidad,
duración, características de pacientes, etc.)

: La (in)flexibilidad psicológica, entendida como la habilidad de contactar con los eventos privados, y la inteligencia emocional,
como la capacidad de reconocer, entender, controlar y modificar nuestras emociones y las de los demás, son constructos relacionados
con el rendimiento y el bienestar de los deportistas. El objetivo del trabajo es aproximarnos al análisis de la relación entre ambos
constructos en esgrimistas. Han participado 78 esgrimistas, con un rango de edad que varía de 18 a los 68 años (M = 28.88, DT =
12.26), de los que 48 (61.5%) son hombres. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II y The Trait
Meta-Mood Scale. Se ha podido constatar que los esgrimistas con baja inflexibilidad psicológica obtienen puntuaciones superiores en
inteligencia emocional, en claridad emocional y en regulación emocional pero no en atención emocional. Las personas que han sido
convocadas un mayor número de temporadas para competir de manera oficial sí marcaron diferencias con una mayor puntuación en
atención emocional; sin embargo, no se diferencian en inflexibilidad psicológica ni en el resto de las escalas de inteligencia emocional.
Por último, la presencia o ausencia de psicólogo en el equipo técnico no conlleva diferencias en las puntuaciones sobre ninguno de los
dos constructos. Se concluye que la importancia de ambos constructos es que son intervenibles y modificables, destacándose que
quienes presentan una mayor flexibilidad psicológica refieren puntuaciones superiores en las dimensiones de inteligencia emocional
que mejor se relacionan con el rendimiento y la ejecución deportiva; no haciéndolo con la atención emocional que no ha mostrado
relaciones favorecedoras de la ejecución deportiva. Por último, debiera analizarse el papel que el profesional de la psicología pueda
desarrollar en el manejo de ambos constructos.

RESUMEN: Si bien la rehabilitación de una lesión es fundamental para asegurar el rendimiento deportivo tras la vuelta al terreno, el éxito de este proceso también se encuentra influenciado por la subjetividad del deportista. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar las diferencias en la ansiedad, estados de ánimo y habilidades psicológicas en jóvenes deportistas durante el proceso de rehabilitación. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal entre enero y junio del año 2022. Participaron 150 deportistas de alto rendimiento con una edad cronológica entre 12 y 18 años de las categorías escolar y juvenil de deportes colectivos e individuales,

RESUMEN: Se presenta un estudio de caso único de una patinadora artística sobre ruedas de 16 años de edad. La deportista acudió a consulta con los objetivos de aumentar sus niveles de autoconfianza y concentración para mejorar su rendimiento en competencias. Para ello, se desarrollaron tres fases de trabajo: (1) evaluación de la demanda, (2) desarrollo de la intervención psicológica y (3) evaluación de la intervención. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la entrevista semi estructurada y, a su vez, para la medición de las habilidades psicológicas se utilizó el IPED (pre y post intervención). La intervención psicológica se realizó a lo largo de 5 meses en los que se mantuvieron encuentros virtuales sincrónicos de frecuencia semanal, cuya duración era de una hora. Dicha intervención se orientaba en los siguientes objetivos: aumentar los niveles de confianza, desarrollar un repertorio de respuestas frente a cogniciones y emociones de carácter negativo e incrementar la capacidad de concentración. Se utilizaron estrategias como la reestructuración cognitiva, el autorregistro de pensamientos, feedback tras visionado de competencias, manejo de pensamientos distorsionados y análisis del impacto emocional en la conducta. Los resultados muestran un aumento en las puntuaciones del IPED, siendo las variables de control del afrontamiento negativo, autoconfianza y control del afrontamiento positivo las de mayor relevancia. Se concluye que las intervenciones propuestas han sido eficaces para desarrollar las habilidades psicológicas de la deportista.

RESUMEN: El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar si existe una relación entre la ansiedad competitiva y la resiliencia en practicantes peruanos de deportes acuáticos de alto rendimiento durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. La muestra estuvo conformada por 84 deportistas de ambos sexos (42 hombres y 42 mujeres), entre 18 y 43 años, con una edad promedio de 22.94. Se utilizaron la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva SAS-2 y la Escala de Resiliencia ERCD. Los principales resultados muestran que las mujeres tienen más Ansiedad Total Competitiva y Preocupaciones que los hombres, mientras que estos obtienen una mayor Resiliencia Total, Competencia Personal y Aceptación de uno Mismo que las mujeres. Además, la Ansiedad Total Competitiva se relaciona negativamente con la Resiliencia Total. Se concluye que la resiliencia desempeña un papel importante en la reducción de la ansiedad competitiva, lo que a su vez está relacionado con un mejor rendimiento y bienestar en los deportistas de alto rendimiento. Además, es fundamental prestar atención a las diferencias de género, ya que las mujeres pueden requerir un mayor entrenamiento en resiliencia, habilidades de afrontamiento al estrés y en la gestión emocional.

Between 1999 and 2001 thirty knees underwent a semitendinosus tendon plasty to recreate the medial patellofemoral ligament for recurrent patellar dislocation. The mean follow-up was 38 months. The mean improvement of the patellofemoral congruence angle after surgery was 14 +/- 7 degrees. All patients ended up with a full range of motion, except one patient, whose flexion was limited to 120 degrees due to superficial wound infections. Dislocation did not recur. According to the Larsen and Lauridsen outcome score the clinical results were excellent in 27 patients, good in 2 and fair in one. In conclusion this procedure is indicated for the chronic dislocation and cases of severe femoral dysplasia with marked laxity. The procedure assures the stabilisation of the patella, although it doesn't restore the patellofemoral congruence angle to normal values.

Inflammation is the body's frontline response to injury, but when it lingers unchecked, it becomes the very thing that delays healing. Traditional approaches often mask symptoms with drugs, rather than addressing the root imbalance. Contrast therapy-alternating cycles of heat and cold-has been practiced for centuries across cultures and is now being rediscovered as a powerful tool for reducing inflammation, accelerating tissue repair, and rebuilding resilience. This paper explores the physiological mechanisms of contrast therapy, its application in modern recovery, and its role in managing inflamed injuries ranging from tendonitis to post-exercise microtrauma.

Skeletal muscle injuries are the most common sports-related injuries in sports medicine. In this work, we have generated a new surgically-induced skeletal muscle injury in rats, by using a biopsy needle, which could be easily reproduced and highly mimics skeletal muscle lesions detected in human athletes. By means of histology, immunofluorescence and MRI imaging, we corroborated that our model reproduced the necrosis, inflammation and regeneration processes observed in dystrophic mdx-mice, a model of spontaneous muscle injury, and realistically mimicked the muscle lesions observed in professional athletes. Surgically-injured rat skeletal muscles demonstrated the longitudinal process of muscle regeneration and fibrogenesis as stated by Myosin Heavy Chain developmental (MHCd) and collagen-I protein expression. MRI imaging analysis demonstrated that our muscle injury model reproduces the grade I-II type lesions detected in professional soccer players, including edema around the central...

Introducción: El fútbol es un deporte multitudinario, posee un importante rol protagónico a nivel cultural y deportivo, caracterizándose por ser uno de las actividades más practicadas, cuya práctica deportiva continúa con su crecimiento exponencial constante. Al ser un deporte de contacto y competición, tiene como objetivo principal que los deportistas rindan al máximo, con el fin de conseguir éxitos que repercutan en el equipo deportivo. Las lesiones deportivas, en el fútbol, son una realidad frecuente, tanto durante los rigores de las prácticas de entrenamiento como en la intensidad de la competición. Este escenario se ve agravado debido por el alto grado de estrés de carácter físico, emocional o mental que se someten los jugadores, desencadenado por las demandas atléticas y la competitividad propias del deporte. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica, para establecer un análisis de la ansiedad, estrés y motivación, en futbolistas con algún tipo de lesión. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Google Académico y Dialnet con restricciones de haber sido publicados dentro del período de 20 años previos. Se incluyó literatura gris mediante búsqueda manual. Se utilizó una serie de combinaciones de palabras claves y términos libres. Se revisaron los abstract y la información ha sido recabada de diversas investigaciones afines con el tema, todos ellos de actualidad y seleccionando únicamente la información que nos interesa en relación a este tema. Resultados: A través de este estudio, se analizaron 13 artículos de investigación. Se determinó que existe un vínculo significativo entre lesiones deportivas y efectos emocionales, en jugadores de fútbol profesionales y amateur. Conclusión: Se confirma que la ansiedad y el estrés emergen como factores predictivos de lesiones. Se enfatiza la necesidad de un manejo cuidadoso de las variables psicológicas analizadas como medida preventiva. La revisión bibliográfica permitió identificar que la presencia de factores psicológicos puede influir en el riesgo de sufrir lesiones, así como una lesión puede desarrollar efectos emocionales. Se remarca la importancia de la intervención de psicólogos/as deportivos, para ofrecer apoyo psicológico y proporcionar asistencia emocional y mental ante las emociones que aparecen ante una lesión deportiva.

Tennis requires rapid direction changes, explosive movements, and repetitive actions, all of which place significant stress on the lower extremities. Consequently, players often experience injuries such as plantar fasciitis, tendonitis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, muscle strains, ligament ruptures, and stress fractures. Teenage and female athletes are particularly vulnerable. This paper explores the aforementioned lower extremity injuries, their symptoms, and prevention strategies, emphasizing the role coaches play in reducing injury risk. It highlights the importance of early detection, interdisciplinary collaboration with physical therapists, athletic trainers, and sports medicine specialists and coach education. Practical guidelines for injury prevention and management are explored, along with a framework for future research on injury trends in Caribbean tennis players.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of acquired disability and death in children. Retrospective analysis showed 350 children, 128 (36.6%) girls and 222 (63.4%) boys who were hospitalized for injury of neurocranium in a 5 year-period in Dr. Josip Bencević General Hospital in Slavonski Brod. Most of them had both contusion and commotion (46.8%), followed by just contusion of the head (12.5%) and fractures of the skull (10.5%). The haemorrhages and hemathomas were less common (epidural, subdural, SAH) (3.2%). The procedures performed showed that in almost all children X-rays had been performed (99.7%). The most commonly X-rays performed were those of the head (craniogram) and/or cervical spine, followed by CT, EEG, ultrasound and NMR. The occurence of complications was recorded in only 2% of injured children (seizure, syncopa, febrile convulsions). Analysis of treatment methods showed that in most children (89.6%) therapy was conservative. The injured children were ho...

Background: Systematic reviews with meta-analyses play a critical role in synthesizing evidence on injury prevention programs in football. However, their utility depends on transparent and complete reporting, as promoted by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Aim: To assess the reporting quality of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on knee and ankle injury prevention programs in football players, using the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Methods: A methodological review was conducted following a preregistered protocol. Systematic searches in four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane) identified eligible meta-analyses including only RCTs on exercise-based prevention of knee or ankle injuries in football players. PRISMA 2020 adherence was evaluated across 52 items using a 3-point scale. Data were independently extracted and assessed by two reviewers. Results: Five meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Overall adherence to PRISMA 2020 was moderate (mean score = 70.38%), with substantial variability across sections. The Title (100%), Introduction (95.0%), and Discussion (90.0%) were best reported, while the Abstract (57.3%) and Other Information (47.3%) sections showed the lowest adherence. The Methods sections (74.7%) and the Results sections (74.5%) demonstrated a moderate level of adherence. Key underreported items included protocol registration, funding, data availability, and certainty of evidence. Conclusions: Despite moderate adherence, significant reporting gaps remain in meta-analyses on football injury prevention. Stricter enforcement of PRISMA guidelines is essential to improve transparency, reproducibility, and the practical impact of evidence syntheses in sports medicine.

Needle-free injection techniques have advanced significantly and are now commonly used in many different industries. Modern technology has completely changed the way drugs are given, resolving typical problems with conventional hypodermic needles such needle anxiety, needle stick injuries, and the spread of infectious infections. In specialties including dermatology and dentistry, administering immunizations, peptides, proteins, and anesthetics has become common procedure with needle-free injectors. These injectors work on the basis of Lorentz force, air pressure, and spring technology. The specific application of the air-pressure technique to medicine administration is the topic of this study. An air compressor is used to create pressure, and a solenoid valve is used to control the pressure in order to accomplish this. A needle-free injector is then equipped with a tube that transfers the pressure, allowing the drug to be injected into the body via the skin's layers. Injectables are delivered to the intradermal level in an efficient manner using a variety of injection techniques, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal. Drug delivery technologies may progress as a result of this research, opening up new avenues for the treatment of a variety of diseases.

Introduction and Objectives: Higher levels of movement or coordination variability have been reported to provide flexibility and allow adaptations to complex dynamic sport environments [1]. Decreased movement and coordination variability has been previously been reported in females [2] and proposed as a risk factor for injury. The aim of this study was to compare the variability of hip and knee joint kinematics (movement) variability and lower extremity joint and segment coupling (coordination) variability in healthy males and females during a dynamic landing task. There is a scarcity of information on gender differences in coordination and movement variability during dynamic landing and cutting tasks. This information may provide valuable insight to further explain the gender bias of ACL injury, where lower levels of movement and/or coordination variability may increase injury risk. Methods: Ten healthy males and ten healthy females were recruited for this investigation. Participan...

This study compared the lower limb coordination of the previously injured leg of ACL injured participants (ACLr, n=18), against their non-injured leg and a control (nACL, n=18) leg. The lower limb joint and segment couplings were calculated during maximal drop-jump land and unanticipated cutting task. Differences between the previously injured and nACL control leg were present in all but one of the lower limb joint and segment couplings. Differences between the previously injured and nACL control leg were present in the hip rotation - knee abduction adduction, and knee rotation knee abduction adduction couplings. The hip and thigh were the main areas where differences were reported. Altered proximal neuromuscular function may be the origin of these altered coordination patterns.

A 39-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of inability to extend his right knee after an epileptic convulsion that occurred at rest. He had no history of trauma. The patient had a history of left patellar tendon (PT) rupture from the patellar insertion during previous epileptic seizures at rest and underwent two operations in the previous two years. The proximal part of the PT was ruptured from the insertion area of the patella on his presentation. The interface of the bone and the ruptured tendon were refreshed. Then, tunnels were carved in the patella from the distal to proximal direction. Krackow suture was used to fix the proximal end of the PT. The free ends of the sutures were guided into the tunnels. The proximal part of the PT was tensely tightened. In this way, the PT was secured to the region of the patella where it had ruptured from. No complications were observed during the two-month follow-up. The knee regained full range of motion. Muscle power, pain score, and knee function were evaluated according to the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSCRS). The score was excellent 2 months after the operation. Active extension of the right knee was absent. Swelling and tenderness were detected in the supra-patellar region. Additionally, a gap was also detected by palpation, which occurred due to the displacement of the ruptured tendon endings. The hematologic parameters (white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count, creatinin, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase,

This study investigated the effect of block periodization (BP) and traditional periodization (TP) approaches on jumping and sprinting performance in collegiate basketball players during an 8-week pre-season period. Ten collegiate male basketball players (mean±SD; age: 21.5±1.7 years; body mass: 83.5±8.9 kg; stature: 192.5±5.4 cm) from the same team were equally assigned to a training group (BP or TP). BP and TP were designed with different numbers of power sessions (BP=8; TP=16) and recovery days (BP=14; TP=8). Counter-movement jump (CMJ) and 20-m sprint performance was measured prior to training commencement (baseline) and every 2 weeks thereafter (week 2, week 4, week 6 and week 8). Within-group, between-group and individual changes were assessed using magnitude-based statistics. Substantially higher (likely positive) CMJ scores were evident in week 8 compared to baseline, week 2 and week 4 with BP training. Substantially higher CMJ values were only observed in week 2 (likely positive) compared to baseline, with TP training. Sprint data showed likely negative differences in week 6 compared to baseline in both TP and BP, with no substantial differences in week 8. The only performance difference between TP and BP training was in CMJ in week 8 (very likely negative). Individual analysis showed that only three athletes demonstrated a negative predicted score (i.e. lower sprinting time) in BP, while all players following the TP model demonstrated positive predicted scores. BP training showed substantially higher jumping performance compared to TP, while no improvement in sprinting performance was observed in either training approach. Basketball coaches should consider using BP training rather than TP to train players' jumping abilities.

Introduction: Strengthening exercises have been routinely used in persons with orthopaedic problems and athletes to increase force production or minimize muscle imbalance and joint injuries.Many studies have reported that isometric contractions can rapidly increases strength in quadriceps muscle. Objective: Objective of the study was to find out the effect of isometric strengthening exercise on strength of quadriceps at 45 and 90 degree of knee joint and also to compare the effect of strengthening exercise on strength of quadriceps at multiple angles of knee joint among control and experimental group. Methodology: This was a ccomparative experimental study with forty female healthy subjects from physiotherapy department of KPJ Healthcare University College, Malaysia. Convenient sampling method used to select the samples. The subjects were selected by inclusion criteria and randomly divided equally in to two with 20 subjects in each group. Isometric strengthening exercise and squatti...

Background: There is no evidence-based, preferred treatment of choice for patellar tendinopathy. patellar tendinopathy is an overuse syndrome with pathologic changes. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of ESWT in management Chronic Patellar Tendinopathy . in Athletes Materials and methods: Thirty athletes of both sexes with chronic patellar tendinopathy in the study, their age ranged from 14 to 26 years old recruited randomly. They were randomly divided into two groups (A & B). Study group (A) (15 patients) received 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks of ice packs and isometric exercises while group (B) (15 patients) received shock wave therapy. All patients in both groups were measured using the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) test and a vertical jump test. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups pretreatment (p > 0.05), while there was a significant increase in vertical jump height of group B compared with that of group A (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups pretreatment (p > 0.05), while there was a significant increase in VISA of group B compared with that of group A (p = 0.0001) post treatment. Conclusion: Extracorporeal shockwave treatment appeared to be effective and safe in the management of patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy. ESWT shoud be considered to be as a part of a treatment protocol for patellar tendinopathy.

To compare the effects of tape, with and without prewrap, on dynamic ankle inversion before and after exercise. Doubly multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare the taping and exercise conditions. Subjects were randomly assigned to a fixed treatment order as determined by a balanced latin square. The independent variables were tape application (no tape, tape with prewrap, tape to skin) and exercise (before and after). The dependent variables were average inversion velocity, total inversion, maximum inversion velocity, and time to maximum inversion. Thirty college-age male and female students (17 males, 13 females; mean age = 24.9 +/- 4.3 years, range, 19 to 39 years) were tested. Subjects were excluded from the study if they exhibited a painful gait or painful range of motion or had a past history of ankle surgery or an ankle sprain within the past 4 weeks. We collected data using electronic goniometers while subjects balanced on the right leg on an inversion platform t...

To compare the effects of spatting, taping and spatting, taping, and not taping on the amount and rate of inversion of the ankle before and after exercise. We filmed subjects at 60 Hz while they stood on a platform that suddenly inverted the right ankle. Five trials were measured before and after a 30-minute period of drills. We tested 15 male rugby players with no history of lower-leg injury within the previous 6 months limiting activity for more than 2 days. The amount and rate of inversion in the four conditions were digitized and analyzed. The combination of spatting and taping was the most effective in reducing inversion rate and range of motion before and after exercise. All three taping treatments were effective in reducing the amount and rate of inversion. Exercise loosened the tape, but there may be a functional restriction of the amount and rate of inversion after exercise.

Background: Poor flexibility is considered a risk factor for the hamstring strain injury, and the active straight leg raise (ASLR) test proposed as a part of the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) has been used to assess athletes hamstring flexibility. However, the accuracy of this screening test remains undescribed. Purpose: To examine the accuracy of the FMS™ ASLR test for assessment of hamstring flexibility in soccer players. Cross-sectional study. One-hundred and one male soccer players (age, 21±3 years; height, 179±7 cm; weight, 75±9 kg) were bilaterally evaluated. All players performed a gold standard test for hamstring flexibility evaluation: the passive straight leg raise (PSLR) test measured using a gravitational inclinometer. All players also performed the ASLR test and were scored using the criteria proposed by the FMS™. Of the 202 lower limbs evaluated, 17.82% scored a 1 on the ASLR [mean passive flexibility: 80.44±14.69° (55°-110°)], 50.99% scored a 2 on the ASLR [mean passive flexibility=84.60±10.59° (56°-115°)], and 31.18% scored a 3 on the ASLR [mean passive flexibility=92.32±11.53° (70°-120°)]. Limbs with FMS™ score of 3 presented significantly higher values for passive flexibility than limbs with scores of 1 and 2 (p <0.05), but there was no significant difference between limbs with scores of 1 and 2 (p> 0.05). The score obtained in the FMS™ ASLR test does not satisfactorily stratify the level of hamstring flexibility in soccer players.

Травматизм в современных единоборствах, таких как дзюдо и джиу-джитсу, является системной проблемой, требующей грамотного подхода к восстановлению и профилактике.
Работа основана на анализе и систематизации научных исследований, посвященных статистике, механизмам и локализации травм, а также на детальном разборе современного протокола нейромышечной реабилитации.
В работе показано, что большинство травм (в частности, колена, плеча и локтя) являются следствием предсказуемых биомеханических нарушений. В качестве решения предложена адаптация критерий-ориентированной модели реабилитации для использования в качестве системы проактивной профилактики (преабилитации). Описан практический алгоритм для тренера (Тестирование - Коррекция - Интеграция), позволяющий выявлять и устранять функциональные дефициты у атлетов на основе объективных тестов, интегрированных в тренировочные мезоциклы.

The scoring scheme for the functional movement screen implicitly assumes that the factor structure is consistent, stable, and congruent across different populations. To determine if this is the case, we compared principal components analyses of three samples: a healthy, general population (n = 100), a group of varsity athletes (n = 101), and a group of firefighters (n = 397). The congruence of the principal components derived through these analyses were evaluated across all of the samples, using Tucker's congruence coefficient. Factor extraction was guided by parallel analyses, and interpretation was facilitated by Varimax rotation. We observed factor instability, low factor congruence, and inconsistent factor structure. Additionally, we observed a two-factor structure of the functional movement screen in all of our sample groups. These analyses suggest that, although the independent elements of the functional movement screen may continue to be used, use of the composite score is not supported by the factor structure of the measure.

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The danger and risk associated with ice hockey has led to the development of new helmet technologies and testing protocols to minimize the risk of traumatic brain injuries or concussions. Researchers believe that understanding helmet performance across different impact locations and angles during head collisions helps inform helmet manufacturers in the development of helmet testing protocols for brain injury prevention. Based on these beliefs and concerns, this study examined the dynamic interaction of neck compliance, helmet location, and angle of impact in mitigating linear acceleration and shear forces. The results support the hypothesis that an increasing angle of impact decreases peak linear acceleration and increases shear force. Decreasing neck compliance, however, decreases peak linear acceleration and shear force for some helmet impact locations but not all of them. These results add to the literature by implementing a new helmet testing protocol to provide information beyo...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue in knee biomechanics in female handball athletes during the sidestep cutting and single-leg landing. Twenty female handball athletes participated in this study. The fatigue protocol was composed of specific handball movements/actions. The participants performed three trials of the sidestep cutting and single-leg drop landing before (baseline) and after the fatigue protocol. The effect of the fatigue was compared using a paired t-test compared using statistical parametric mapping. During sidestep cutting, the athletes performed the task with lower knee flexion and greater knee abduction during the fatigue state. During the single-leg landing, an increase in the knee valgus was found during the fatigue state. No difference was found on knee kinetics. The fatigue impacted the knee kinematics decreasing the knee flexion during the sidestep cutting and increasing the knee valgus during both, sidestep cutting and single-le...

Dancers are a subset of athletes with a high injury rate and who rely on specialized health care for recovery and return to performance. Dancers receive less public recognition of the physical and mental demands of their art form, and commonly lack the level of financial security that many other professional athletes enjoy. Similar to other athletes, injury rates are significant, with a high annual injury incidence and lifetime prevalence, with costs of injury in some professional companies being comparable with college athletics and professional sports teams. Most dance injuries are chronic and related to overuse/repetitive microtrauma, with the lower extremity most commonly affected, followed by the lumbar spine. Overuse injuries are more common than traumatic injuries among amateur and professional dancers, with overuse injuries being more prevalent in amateur ballet dancers, although male professionals have a higher proportion of traumatic injuries.

There was a significant difference in ipsilateral injury rate between graft types with higher rates in HT(9.2%) than BPTB grafts (2.1%) (p < 0.001) with no difference in contralateral injury rates. There was no difference in ipsilateral (p = 0.531) or contralateral (p = 0.370) injury rates between male and female patients. CONCLUSION: This study reports excellent re-injury, RTP and IKDC scores for a single surgeon in a large cohort with 95% follow up at 2 years post reconstruction. Those with HT graft and previous ACLR had higher rates of re-injury of the ACLR limb.

In order to prevent injuries, reasons and risk factors should be known before injuries occur. In this context, the main purpose of this study was to investigate sports injuries that have occurred in matches in the First Turkish Men’s Volleyball League during the period between 2011 and 2016.In this study, 250 matches played in the Turkish Men’s Volleyball League during the period between 2011 and 2016 have been analyzed. “A Sports Injuries Observation Form” developed by the researcher was used in the study. This form contains different variables related to sports injuries such as “number of injury”, “injury sites of body”, “severity of injury”, “techniques-related injury”, “injury reason” and “match duration”. In addition to the researcher, two independent expert observers in volleyball have analyzed the match recordings and filled out the forms. All forms were crosschecked closely. The matches analyzed included 121.680 player hours defined as active playing time. Descriptive statis...

Characterization of long-term athlete development of experts is a process that could identify the underlying mechanisms of excellence in sports and define the patterns that make it possible to reformulate the dynamic process of talent identification. The objective of the study was to identify differences in the long-term athlete development in three competitive levels of futsal players: expert, intermediate and non-expert. The participants filled out a questionnaire, based on retrospective information. The results showed significant differences among all competitive levels in the futsal starting age, in the inactivity period between seasons and in the time spent in training activities.

Background: Valid and reliable instruments measuring musculoskeletal symptoms prevalence and their impacts in the adolescent population are scarce. The Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E) is a reliable instrument that measures the prevalence, severity and impact of musculoskeletal symptoms. The purpose of this study was: (1) to develop a musculoskeletal symptom screening tool for younger populations derived from the NMQ-E and NMQ French versions and (2) to assess the validity and reliability of the adapted version of the instrument. Methods: Based on the results of a translated (French) and adapted NMQ-E administered to 61 adolescents, a final 27-item dichotomous questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire measured the 6-month prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the impact of these symptoms on school attendance as well as on sports and leisure activity participation. Among the adolescents who agreed to participate, thirty-nine (mean age: 13.7 ± 1.8) formed the reliability cohort and thirty-four (mean age: 14.2 ± 2.3) formed the criterion validity cohort. Reliability was measured by test-retest with a mean time interval of 28 hours. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the answers to the questionnaires to the participants' clinical records. Statistical tests used were proportions of observed agreement (Po) and the Cohen kappa statistic (k). Results: The mean Po for the test-retest was 0.92 for the 6-month symptom prevalence items, 0.99 for the impact of symptoms on school items and 0.96 for the impact on sports and leisure activities items. Kappa values for the reliability assessment ranged between 0.57 and 1.00 for the 27 dichotomous variables. The criterion validity kappa obtained for the agreement between participants' clinical records and questionnaires was k = 0.76. Conclusions: Kappa values for the reliability and the criterion validity are of moderate to perfect agreement beyond chance, indicating that there are only minor variations between tests, and good agreement between questionnaire items and clinical records. These results indicate that the adapted version of the NMQ-E is an appropriate self-administered musculoskeletal symptom screening tool for the adolescent population. Items related to the impacts of symptoms would benefit from additional validation using school and sport attendance records.

Orthoregeneration has emerged as a transformative paradigm in regenerative medicine, shifting the focus from mechanical interventions to biologically driven strategies for musculoskeletal tissue repair. This approach leverages the therapeutic potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), growth factors and bioengineered scaffolds to overcome the inherent limitations of traditional orthopedic treatments. While preclinical and early clinical studies demonstrate promise, the field faces significant challenges in standardization, mechanistic clarity and reproducible efficacy-issues that must be addressed to solidify its clinical relevance. This review critically evaluates the biological foundations, clinical applications and emerging technologies in orthoregeneration, with a focus on tissue-specific strategies and the synergistic integration of biologics and physical therapies. Through an integrative analysis of peer-reviewed literature, we examine the roles of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord, alongside orthobiologics such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), extracellular vesicles, ozone therapy, gene therapy and scaffold-based tissue engineering. These modalities are assessed for their efficacy in regenerating bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament and intervertebral disc tissues. Current evidence suggests that MSC-based therapies promote regeneration through immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling and cellular differentiation. Adjunctive treatments, including PRP and ozone therapy, appear to enhance these effects, though their clinical benefits remain inconsistently documented. Tissue-specific approaches, such as Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) and scaffold-assisted bone regeneration, show potential but are hindered by variability in outcomes and a lack of standardized protocols. Despite these advances, the translation of orthoregenerative therapies into routine practice is hampered by unresolved questions. The mechanisms underlying MSC homing and differentiation, the optimal combinations of biologics and the long-term durability of engineered tissues demand further investigation. Moreover, the field must reconcile the gap between promising in-vitro results and the heterogeneous responses observed in clinical settings. Orthoregeneration represents a multidisciplinary frontier in addressing complex musculoskeletal disorders. Its success will depend on rigorous mechanistic studies, standardized therapeutic protocols and robust clinical validation-steps essential for establishing these strategies as reliable alternatives to conventional treatments.

The Ironman triathlon, which includes a 3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, and 42 km run, remains one of the world's most arduous endurance events. The physiological demands placed upon athletes both in training and racing the Ironman are extreme, and as a result, both injuries and illnesses are a constant threat to athletes. The environmental conditions and hazards of racing the cycle leg place athletes at particular risk. This chapter will review the current evidence for the medical considerations involved in the Ironman triathlon.

RIPED9, lo que supone cierta continuidad al superar esos primeros momentos, de gran dificultad por la bisoñez en esta empresa. Durante estos dos primeros años se han tenido que superar ciertas dificultades inherentes ala inexperiencia y a la envergadura de una tarea como esta. Entre esas dificultades encontradas posiblemente la mayor haya sido el mantener la puntualidad de la misma. En cualquier caso esperamos que ya con este número que ve la luz ya quede resuelto el tema, no obstante estamos completamente seguros de que a lo largo del año quedará definitivamente resuelto. Asimismo se han realizado pequeñas pero importantes modificaciones, número tras número que van en la línea de ofrecer una mayor calidad a los lectores y a las personas que publican. También durante dos años se ha mejorado el tiempo en que los revisores realizan sus aportaciones, alcanzando en los últimos números unos registros inmejorables, por lo que desde aquí aprovecho para agradecerles la valiosa labor realizada. A partir de este momento, nuestros objetivos más inmediatos van dirigidos a la incorporación de RIPED en otras bases de datos a fin de tener una mayor visibilidad. En muchos casos para ello era necesario que la misma demostrara continuidad de al menos dos años, objetivos que ya hemos alcanzado y a partir del cual podremos optar a figurar en un mayor número de bases de datos. Otro de los objetivos es alcanzar el nivel máximo de calidad, dada nuestra juventud, de manera que sea sugerente, beneficiosa e interesante para las múltiples personas que están trabajando en este ámbito. En este sentido, apreciamos que número tras número el número de trabajos enviados para publicar es mayor. Igualmente, en nuestra mente está presente, el conseguir el Félix Guillén García Editor

В статье освещается проблема управлениями рисками в спорте на примере вида спорта стронгмен. Главной целью поставлено определение основ для создания системы мер безопасности в спорте стронгмен, учитывающей современные потенциальные опасности и угрозы в спорте. В статье определяются стандарты безопасности, комплекс требований и правил для риск-менеджмента в спорте стронгмен.

Balance is an important element of almost all sports activities and activity daily living (ADL). Balance can be measured based on individual postural control which consisted of static, semi-dynamic and dynamic. These aspects were controlled by neuromuscular and reduction in the neuromuscular ability due to injury such as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) may alter the postural control ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neuromuscular control training on athletes with PFPS. In this study, there were 27 athletes with PFPS (male = 22, female = 5; mean age = 14.59 ± 1.28 years, height = 161.96 ± 7.85 cm, weight = 54.93 ± 11.42 kg and Body Mass Index (BMI = 20.65 ± 2.20) voluntarily took part in 8-week of computerized neuromuscular control training (CNCT) program. The Y-Balance Test was used for assessment of athlete's dynamic postural control (DPC). A doubly multivariate analysis of variance was performed on two measures of the test (pre and post-test) over three (3) dynamic postural control (DPC) characteristics between groups. This analysis was performed in order to identify the interaction and main effects of the intervention (CNCT) to participant's dynamic postural control (DPC). An 8-week of computerized neuromuscular control training (CNCT) program resulted significant changes in all aspects of dynamic postural control (DPC). It showed that CNCT program significantly enhanced athlete with PFPS's DPC ability in terms of anterior (F(1,25) = 14.037, p = .001, ή = .260), posteriolateral direction (F(1,25) = 13.774, p =.001, ή =.355) and posteriomedial direction (F(1,25) = 11.318, p =.002, ή =.312). This study suggested the physician and coaches should emphasize more on neuromuscular training for athlete's with PFPS since the PFPS may reduce the athlete's performance especially in sports that require dynamic postural control.

A performance desportiva é influenciada por múltiplos fatores, entre os quais as crenças que os atletas mantêm sobre si mesmos, sobre os outros e sobre o mundo. Essas crenças podem ter origem em experiências pessoais, padrões familiares, doutrinas religiosas, contexto sociocultural ou mesmo eventos traumáticos. Quando negativas ou disfuncionais, essas crenças assumem um papel limitador, interferindo diretamente na autoconfiança, na motivação e na capacidade de autorregulação emocional dos atletas. Estudos anteriores (Beck, 2011; Weinberg & Gould, 2018) apontam para a importância da intervenção psicológica no sentido de identificar e reestruturar tais padrões. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de intervenção psicológica centrada na identificação e modificação de crenças religiosas, cognitivas e limitantes, com aplicação prática em contexto de treino e competição. A proposta foi construída a partir de uma abordagem integrativa, combinando fundamentos da psicologia do desporto, hipnose clínica, neurociência e espiritualidade aplicada. Inclui também reflexões práticas baseadas na experiência do autor com atletas de elite e populações neurodivergentes, como crianças autistas não verbais.