Spatial Dynamics

Coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) are complex, dynamic, interconnected systems with feedback across social and environmental dimensions. This feedback leads to formidable challenges for causal inference. Two significant challenges involve assumptions about excludability and the absence of interference. These two assumptions have been largely unexplored in the CHANS literature, but when either is violated, causal inferences from observable data are difficult to interpret. To explore their plausibility, structural knowledge of the system is requisite, as is an explicit recognition that most causal variables in CHANS affect a coupled pairing of environmental and human elements. In a large CHANS literature that evaluates marine protected areas, nearly 200 studies attempt to make causal claims, but few address the excludability assumption. To examine the relevance of interference in CHANS, we develop a stylized simulation of a marine CHANS with shocks that can represent policy in...

The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation plans, invests in and manages fisheries research and development throughout Australia. It is a statutory authority within the portfolio of the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, jointly funded by the Australian Government and the fishing industry. The authors do not warrant that the information in this document is free from errors or omissions. The authors do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortious, or otherwise, for the contents of this document or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a readers particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the authors are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or the FRDC.

Cet article analyse les enjeux de la tentative patrimoniale, c'est-à-dire la défense et la conservation du foncier périurbain dans un village inséré dans la ville d'Abidjan. Il procède par des résultats issus de terrain de recherche pour démontrer la façon dont, les cadres institutionnels et normatifs peuvent constituer une entrave ou fragiliser la logique patrimoniale de la terre. Concernant les enjeux de la conservation celle-ci, quatre résultats majeurs sont retenus: les enjeux politique, identitaire, économique et éthique. C'est par de tels enjeux inavoués relatifs à la protection de la terre que les natifs d'Adjamé-Village se distinguent de l'ensemble urbain.

En prenant appui sur une étude qualitative, spécifiquement l'analyse compréhensive de la sécurité foncière, les tentatives de défense, de conservation et de transmission de terre dans ledit village sont analysées comme des constructions sociales. Les résultats majeurs obtenus permettent de montrer que, par la déconstruction des menaces et des incertitudes liées à la transmission des parcelles de terre vacantes ou de façon symbolique l'identité de celle déjà occupées par le pouvoir urbain aux futures générations, les natifs d'Adjamé-Village se distinguent de la ville par les processus patrimoniaux.

Cet article analyse les enjeux de la tentative patrimoniale, c'est-a-dire la defense et la conservation du foncier periurbain dans un village insere dans la ville d'Abidjan. Il procede par des resultats issus de terrain de recherche pour demontrer la facon dont, les cadres institutionnels et normatifs peuvent constituer une entrave ou fragiliser la logique patrimoniale de la terre. Concernant les enjeux de la conservation celle-ci, quatre resultats majeurs sont retenus: les enjeux politique, identitaire, economique et ethique. C'est par de tels enjeux inavoues relatifs a la protection de la terre que les natifs d'Adjame-Village se distinguent de l'ensemble urbain.

Cet article analyse les enjeux de la tentative patrimoniale, c'est-à-dire la défense et la conservation du foncier périurbain dans un village inséré dans la ville d'Abidjan. Il procède par des résultats issus de terrain de recherche pour démontrer la façon dont, les cadres institutionnels et normatifs peuvent constituer une entrave ou fragiliser la logique patrimoniale de la terre. Concernant les enjeux de la conservation celle-ci, quatre résultats majeurs sont retenus: les enjeux politique, identitaire, économique et éthique. C'est par de tels enjeux inavoués relatifs à la protection de la terre que les natifs d'Adjamé-Village se distinguent de l'ensemble urbain.

El número 36 de Perífrasis abre con tres artículos en los que poesía, ensayo y novela son la excusa para mirar tres momentos claves de la literatura colombiana a través de las propuestas estéticas de autores que han quedado relativamente marginados del canon nacional: la poeta Josefa del Castillo, el narrador y ensayista Tomás Vargas Osorio y la novelista Albalucía Ángel. Traemos luego dos trabajos sobre literatura del caribe antillano en los que la frontera entre República Dominicana y Haití, primero, y la situación de Cuba, después, son escenarios en los que violencia, discriminación, procesos de exclusión y machismo toman forma en novelas de René Philoctète y Dazra Novak. Cerramos este número con una miscelánea caracterizada por establecer vasos comunicantes entre al menos dos problemas estéticos: la relación entre periodismo y novela negra evaluada en dos textos de Leila Guerriero, un estudio sobre la recepción y la traducción de un libro de Lucio Mansilla y un artículo en el que confluyen cuento y poesía de la frontera norte de México.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la difusión y dinámica temporal de la dependencia espacial. Con este objetivo, en primer lugar se diferenciará entre dependencia espacial contemporánea y no contemporánea, discutiendo distintas especificaciones de modelos espaciales de regresión que recojan ambos tipos de dependencia espacial. En segundo lugar, extenderemos estas especificaciones a modelos SUR espaciales que incluyan retardos tanto espaciales como espacio temporales y que recojan la dinámica temporal de la dependencia espacial mediante una única estructura. Los modelos desarrollados se aplicarán a la estimación de la Renta Familiar disponible en las provincias españolas.

In the realm of performing arts, the theatre transcends mere physicality, evolving into a sacred space where shared experiences unfold between thespians and their discerning audience. The sanctity of this exchange is rooted in the symbiotic relationship between the performance and the spectator. This study explores the revered intersection of performance spaces and audience turnout, focusing on Lagos State's vibrant cultural landscape. Despite numerous factors influencing audience attendance, scant scholarly attention has addressed the profound impact of the performance venue itself. This research remedies this gap by applying Alfred Weber's Location Theory and Jerome McCarthy's Four Ps (Product, Place, Promotion, and Price) to unravel the complex variables dictating venue selection. The National Arts Theatre, the MUSON Centre, and Terra Culture serve as distinct performance spaces for our investigation. Through rigorous literature review and astute venue observations, this research unveils nuanced determinants shaping venue selection. It posits that a venue's geographical location and architectural aesthetics are intrinsic determinants in realizing a production's objectives. Findings illuminate a compelling narrative: the performance venue is not a mere backdrop but a protagonist in the drama of audience patronage. Every spatial configuration becomes choreography, orchestrating the audience's journey toward pleasure and satisfaction. The judicious allocation of time, diligence, and resources in this research reflects a commitment to unravelling the intricate tapestry of spatial dynamics, ensuring each theatrical presentation is a magnum opus of artistic resonance and audience delight. This study is a clarion call for a paradigm shift in the discourse on theatrical success, heralding an era where the venue itself emerges as a pivotal player in the grand symphony of performance art.

Londres, ville globale, m é t r o p o l i s a t i o n , dynamiques spatiales, région métropolitaine RÉSUMÉ La capitale du Royaume-Uni vient de connaître une nouvelle phase de croissance urbaine mettant fin à près de 50 ans de déclin démographique et économique. Londres solidarise aujourd'hui une vaste région métropolitaine polycentrique dans laquelle les dynamiques spatiales prennent appui sur des structures spatiales et réseaux héritées et nouveaux. Ce bref article entend faire le point sur les mutations contemporaines de Londres dans le contexte de métropolisation et de constitution d'une Global City-region.

Cet article présente les travaux pour le projet interdisciplinaire GEMINAT (GéoConnaisances des milieux naturels) qui a pour but d'intégrer et d'exploiter des données environnementales hétérogènes par l'application du web sémantique. À partir d'un cas d'étude mené sur un observatoire environnemental basé à Chizé, nous résumons les besoins d'analyse spatio-temporelle des experts biologistes et écologues envers les bases de données de l'assolement et de la biodiversité. Nous montrons comment la mise en oeuvre d'un framework avec une ontologie spatio-temporelle jouant le rôle d'un médiateur sémantique peut résoudre les difficultés d'analyse et de maintenance qu'induisent ces systèmes, amenés à de constantes évolutions de leurs modèles. En particulier, la démonstration de la faisabilité d'un tel système est faite, et nous mesurons sa capacité à répondre à des requêtes complexes mêlant plusieurs sources de données et les dimensions spatiales et temporelles.

This report presents preliminary results of mapping and analyzing wild reindeer spatial dynamics in Taimyr, Russia. We collected, spatially referenced, and systematized comprehensive aerial and land survey information spanning from 1969 to 2003, which is the most complete long-term data available about a wild reindeer herd in Eurasia. The report introduces some of the mapping products and presents a summary of our observations on spatiotemporal changes in reindeer distribution and migration. Using these data and new digital products in the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) environment, we were able to observe the long-term shift of the Taimyr Reindeer Herd's summer, winter, and calving areas to the east and south with a simultaneous expansion of the habitat. We identified and confirmed locations of large reindeer concentrations (herds) seasonally formed throughout the study period. Using the most recent summer survey data (2009) we also were able to confirm the existence of t...

A theological interpretation of the work of the 15th-Century Castilian conversa writer Teresa de Cartagena: theological in the sense of considering divine the female creative principle, as in the theology of the beguines. In her Grove of the Infirm, Teresa describes her itinerary towards an understanding of her illness as a revelation of divine love. In her Wonder at the Works of God, she interprets her contemporaries’ doubts about her authenticity as an author, as a crime against the work of God manifested in her.

RESUMEN. La Liebre Ibérica (Lepus granatensis) es una de las principales especies cinegéticas en España. Presenta una amplia distribución y poblaciones estables en casi la totalidad del territorio. En Galicia, en los últimos años, factores como la modificación del hábitat, el aumento en la presión de caza y la construcción de infraestructuras viales han venido afectando a muchas poblaciones, llevando a la especie a una reducción e inclusive desaparición en algunas zonas atlánticas. La acelerada modificación de los hábitats naturales ha obligado a la especie a ocupar nuevos territorios, no existiendo actualmente información sobre la forma en la que el animal responde a estos nuevos medios. Es el caso de una población de Liebre Ibérica que habita en la Escombrera Exterior del Yacimiento Minero de Meirama (A Coruña), zona sometida a un proceso de restauración vegetal. En este trabajo se pretende evaluar la dinámica espacial de Lepus granatensis bajo las condiciones particulares de la e...

A metageographic community (M GC ) is a construct that ide ntifies pa tterns of an increas ingly demass ifi ed soc iety and accounts for fl exible spa tial dynamics fa cilitated by personal media. It ac knowl edges the mea ning individuals asc ribe to loca l places , to the breadth of the ir soc ial n etworks over distance , and it incorporates communica tions media as essenti al to dynamic community building and persistence . In addition to providing a theoretica l fo undation fo r this construct, I have crea ted a model by which to evaluate the coherence of demass ifi ed communiti es at fo ur levels of association . A preliminary applica tion of this model to two "invisible" ethnic groups in the United States has revea led that the coherence of even ve ry small groups might depend on more than traditiona l characteristics of religious adherence , language retention, propinquitous clustering, or loca l landscapes . These communiti es have developed distanc iated networks built on th e frequency and types of lon g-distance interactions as well as the complex ity of domestic and transnat ional networking; that is, they incorporate and depend on multiple locations. An MGC does not dissipate wi th distance , nor is it restricted or defin ed by limi ta tions of place or boundary, although each place adds its own richness. By developing MGCs, even small, dispersed groups, such as o ld er ethnic groups, transnat ion al migrants, refu gees-or other spatially "fuzzy" networks-can build a persistent and effec tive community across otherwise h eterogeneous soc ial or po litica l space. As a dynamic , demassifi ed entity, MGCs can have tremendous politica l, cultural, and economic influence not limited by physica l or politica l boundaries . Key W ords: cumulative critical mass, distanciated communities , flexible networks, invisible geogra/Jhies , personal media , s/Jatial dynamics . * ~~tl~CMGC) ~-# ~~, ~* ~B §* m~tl~~~~~A -~~ill ~~~~~~~-~~~~A~~~*~ •~• ~m~tt ~~~~• ~r~. n ~~&~~~~~~u g•~~M• ~~~~~~~~~• ~-~T~~~~~ M'.i!t~t¥.M:, f.lt€1J • T-~tt4Wl*iil1f~i5Hlxtl~:(-F P11~ /¥/:Tm _t B1' .l1iFf•l1. J!Uf4~:(-F j),,g"~" x% "(-l' ' .l ~ l:!il 1i .5i~1W~i:!''.ltJJ tv @ffl B~. ~~~W+~-~~ffl ~tl ~~~~~~~~*-~#. ffi~~ffl . ffl *•~. ~~* • ~~~~~~-~ ~tt ~H~T~~~W~li--~~Wl ~&~~~"~~~~-*tl Z~~~w ~~, &-~~, ~miliffl~~-~~ m~. MGC~-~•m m. &~~* ~~~ff ~~~® ~~~~ff~, M~~~* ~~~x~a ~$*tl -BrlH~ MG Cs, 11P1JE~+U' -J 5}/f,(~'li-'¥~, Y ll*:¥A1ixm, N~~ ~, xit ~-~~~3?'. 1' 8] (l'-J"t!,U\IIJ" ~~-i frnJ ~N ~~ !J11J ~::l'f ;ftJ ~tt ~~~ffi2~W ~--~M•W~~ttg. ~~-~~-~h ~. *~~~~. MGCs~~#~~~M~~ffi~ff ~l iUhi U' ' .l §:;k:

La troisième et dernière étape de la démarche méthodologique est la restitution, une phase très importante car permettant de valider, avec les populations locales, les données collectées sur le terrain. Définir un cadre méthodologique commun en cartographie participative Revue d'ethnoécologie, 11 | 2017

Résumé
A la genèse de l’action humaine était l’identité et la fin sera probablement le fait de l’identité. La volonté d’un individu ou d’un groupe d’individus à se percevoir supérieur à ses semblables a longtemps œuvré contre le vivre-ensemble et la possible cohésion sociale. En matière de participation politique, les Togolais s’appuient sur des socles de tribalisme, d’ethnocentrisme et de régionalisme qui sont des dérivées de l’ethnicité. Le présent article tente d’analyser l’influence que le recours à l’ethnicité a sur le vivre-ensemble et sur les options et décisions politiques. La méthodologie combine la recherche documentaire et celle empirique. Il en ressort que la vie politique au Togo n’est qu’une expression de l’attachement identitaire des acteurs ethniquement hétérogènes dont le refuge dans l’ethnicité, quoi qu’en partie nuisible au vivre-ensemble, constitue une arme de prédilection pour la lutte politique.

Mots-clés : Ethnicité, Identité, Participation politique, Vivre-ensemble, Togo.

Abstract
At the genesis of human action was identity and the end will probably be the fact of identity. The will of a person or a group of persons to perceive itself as superior to their peers has long worked against living together and possible social cohesion. In terms of political participation, the Togolese rely on the foundations of tribalism, ethnocentrism and regionalism that are derived from ethnicity. This article attempts to analyze the influence that the use of ethnicity has on living together and on political options and decisions. The methodology combines literature and empirical research. It emerges that political life in Togo is merely an expression of the identity attachment of ethnically heterogeneous actors whose refuge in ethnicity, although partly harmful to living together, constitutes a preferred arm for political action.

Keywords: Ethnicity, Identity, Political participation, Living together, Togo.

In this paper we examine the community- and individual-level characteristics associated with individuals’ perceptions of violence. We use data collected in the Australian Community Capacity Study Wave 3 survey of over 4000 individuals living in 148 local residential communities in Brisbane and employ multilevel models to examine the association between community context, individual perceptions of police effectiveness and the belief that people in one’s community support violence to resolve conflict. We find communities with histories of violent crime and more negative views about police effectiveness tend to be communities where residents perceive their neighbours will support the use of violence to resolve conflict.

Population bottlenecks associated with founder events strongly impact the establishment and genetic makeup of populations. In addition to their genotype, founding individuals also bring along symbionts that can manipulate the phenotype of their host, affecting the host population establishment, dynamics and evolution. Thus, to understand introduction, invasion, and spread, we should identify the roles played by accompanying symbionts. In 1991, the parasitoid wasp, Hyposoter horticola, and its associated hyperparasitoid were accidentally introduced from the main Åland islands, Finland, to an isolated island in the archipelago, along with their host, the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Though the receiving island was unoccupied, the butterfly was present on some of the small islands in the vicinity. The three species have persisted as small populations ever since. A strain of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia has an intermediate prevalence in the H. horticola across the main Åland population. The infection increases susceptibility of the parasitoid to hyperparasitism. We investigated the establishment and spread of the parasitoid, along with patterns of prevalence of its symbiont using 323 specimens collected between 1992 and 2013, from five localities across Åland, including the source and introduced populations. Using 14 microsatellites and one mitochondrial marker, we suggest that the relatively diverse founding population and occasional migration between islands might have facilitated the persistence of all isolated populations, despite multiple local population crashes. We also show local near-fixation of Wolbachia, where the hyperparasitoid is absent, and selection against infected wasp genotypes is relaxed.

Viral diseases are an important cause of morbidity as well as mortality in humans and animals. Cattle are affected with many viral diseases including lumpy skin disease (LSD) which represents a significant economic loss to the livestock industry in many regions of the world including India. It is a devastating disease that is caused by the genus Capripoxvirus. The rainy season is the main time when cases of LSD are seen in animals, and it can spread through vector and non-vector channels. Cattle and buffalo are the primary victims, exhibiting a high fever, and skin nodules on their mucous membranes. The disease reduces milk production, abortion, infertility, and other problems, leading to significant economic losses even if its death rate is lower. LSD can cause symptoms that range from mild sickness to severe illness. The affected animals include fever, emaciation, swollen lymph nodes, skin edema, and occasionally even death. Nodules can also appear on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. Laboratory test helps to establish an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. There is no specific antiviral drug available to treat the affected animals with LSD. The best ways to prevent and control the disease are strict quarantine, vector control, and preventive vaccination.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by arthropod vectors which results in substantial economic losses due to impact on production efficiency and profitability, and represents an emerging threat to international trade of livestock products and live animals. Since 2015, the disease has spread across many Eastern European countries as well as Russia and Kazakhstan. This rapid expansion highlights the emergent nature of the virus in more temperate regions than those in which LSDV traditionally occurred. The goal of this study was to assess the risk for further LSDV spread in Eurasia through a) analysis of environmental factors conducive for LSDV and b) estimate of the

The Danube-Black Sea geo-ecosystem, is a matrix for an unique and diverse "ichthyosystem". • Danube Delta has been identified as the pivotal element of this "ichthyosystem". • Human impact decreases significantly the identified "ichthyosystem" resilience.

Comprendre la dynamique d'un vignoble implique une analyse au ras du sol, au milieu des champs et des pieds de vignes, pour examiner les battements, calmes ou précipités, d'une viticulture ancrée dans un territoire, vivante des hommes qui cultivent la terre. Cet article propose un mode d'approche micro-analytique de la dynamique spatiale des terroirs viticoles, utilisant la méthode régressive à partir des sources fiscales contemporaines, modernes et médiévales, qui permettent d'aborder les pulsations du parcellaire viticole. L'expérience a été menée sur le territoire d'Azay-le-Rideau (Touraine, département d'Indre-et-Loire, France), pour lequel on dispose d'un riche dossier permettant une enquête continue du XV e au XIX e siècle. Cette analyse débouche sur la constatation d'une exploitation viticole permanente et durable, mais infiniment mouvante à l'échelle de la parcelle. Ces fluctuations sont le fruit d'évolutions sociales, économiques et institutionnelles.

Le programme VitiTerroir a pour ambition de poser les bases d'une analyse dynamique des territoires viticoles en région Centre. L'objectif est d'élaborer un outil prospectif fondé sur la modélisation des transformations spatiales des territoires viticoles dans la longue durée. Le programme envisage de mener des études historiques de l'activité viticole à plusieurs échelles spatiales (régions, départements, vignobles, parcelles) et temporelles (décennie, demi-siècle, siècle, pluriséculaire), afin de mesurer précisément le poids des facteurs environnementaux et sociétaux dans leur profondeur historique (résilience). Une première expérience a été menée sur le territoire d'Azay-le-Rideau en Touraine, pour lequel on dispose de données permettant d'analyser les dynamiques spatiales du vignoble du XV e siècle à aujourd'hui. La cartographie de l'évolution des surfaces encépagées sur 5 siècles met en évidence une dynamique spatiale complexe entrainant, selon les époques, de fortes variations de la place de la viticulture dans l'économie agricole du territoire. Du XVII e siècle à la crise phylloxérique, la viticulture connaît une véritable explosion de son activité, avec une relative concentration des surfaces encépagées autour d'une vallée sèche dans la moitié occidentale du territoire communal. A la suite de l'épisode phylloxérique, le vignoble ridellois se reconstitue difficilement, très concentré sur des terres qui jusqu'à présent n'avaient jamais été utilisées pour la viticulture. L'analyse historique des dynamiques spatiales du vignoble d'Azay-le-Rideau a pour ambition, dans le cadre d'une approche systémique d'isoler les facteurs en oeuvre dans l'évolution du territoire viticole et de formuler une série d'hypothèses quant à leur poids dans le jeu des interactions. Il s'agit d'élaborer un socle de référence indispensable pour aboutir à une généralisation des processus qui seront intégrés dans le modèle VitiTerroir.

La simulation des évolutions des villes suppose une certaine compréhension et une modélisation des lois qui gouvernent les dynamiques urbaines. L'approche présentée dans ce papier utilise un système multi-agent pour modéliser les propriétés auto-organisatrices des systèmes complexes urbains et vise à fournir un outil permettant d'étudier les évolutions des systèmes modélisés. Le système multi-agent proposé comporte une hiérarchie d'agents topographiques (e.g. les bâtiments, routes, cours d'eau, îlots) qui peuvent être construits, modifiés, fusionnés, découpés, restructurés et détruits au cours du temps. Le comportement de chaque agent est contrôlé par un ensemble de règles d'évolution, de contraintes et d'actions associées.

The spatial and temporal patterns of lumpy skin disease (LSD) epidemics were analysed based on the data collected from affected and at-risk countries in southeastern Europe in 2016 and 2017. The reported outbreaks decreased from 7,483 in 2016 to 385 in 2017. Those were reported mainly in Albania in areas where vaccination was not completed. Only two and four outbreaks were reported in Greece and in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 2017, respectively, where the herd immunity achieved by vaccination significantly reduced the further spread of the disease. However, this showed that the virus was still circulating and may re-emerge in not fully immunised animals. No further outbreaks were reported in the other countries that were affected in 2016, thus providing field evidence about the effectiveness of the regional vaccination campaign. The mathematical model fit to the Albanian data showed that the LSD spread is mostly up to 4 km with some longer distance transmission. The inclusion of relative vector abundance improves the model fit and supports that the abundance of potential LSD vectors is one of the major risk factors for LSD spread. This should be confirmed by field surveys on potential LSD vectors. The vaccination effectiveness in Albania, Bulgaria and Greece was estimated by survival analysis and Cox regression model to be 62%, 96% and 84%, respectively, and these results were validated by the mathematical model. This highlighted that the high coverage vaccination with the live homologous vaccine is the most effective measure for reducing lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) spread. The housing type of animals was explored as risk factor in Greece, and the risk in farms with outdoor access was six times higher than in farms where animals are kept indoors, independently of vaccination status.

A number of concepts exist regarding how urbanization can be described as a process. Understanding this process that affects billions of people and its future development in a spatial manner is imperative to address related issues such as human quality of life. In the focus of spatially explicit studies on urbanization is typically a city, a particular urban region, an agglomeration. However, gaps remain in spatially explicit global models. This paper addresses that issue by examining the spatial dynamics of urban areas over time, for a full coverage of the world. The presented model identifies past, present and potential future hotspots of urbanization as a function of an urban area's spatial variation and age, whose relation could be depicted both as a proxy and as a path of urban development.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was reported for the first time in India in 2019 and since then, it has become endemic. Since a homologous (LSD-virus based) vaccine was not available in the country, goatpox virus (GPV)-based heterologous vaccine was authorized for mass immunization against LSD in cattle. This study describes the evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated LSD vaccine developed using an Indian field strain (LSDV/India/2019/Ranchi). The virus was attenuated by continuous passage (P=50) in Vero cells. The vaccine (50 th LSDV passage in Vero cells, named as Lumpi-ProVac Ind) did not induce any local or systemic reaction upon its experimental inoculation in calves (n=10). At day 30 post-vaccination (pv), the vaccinated animals were shown to develop antibody-and cell-mediated immune response and exhibited complete protection upon virulent LSDV challenge. We observed a minimum Neethling response (0.018% animals; 5 out of 26940 animals) of the vaccine in field trials among 26940 animals. There was no significant reduction in the milk yield in lactating animals (n=10108), besides there was no abortion or any other reproductive disorder in the pregnant animals (n=2889). Sero-conversion was observed in 85.18% animals in the field by day 30 pv.

Alors qu'il est possible de définir le niveau de détail de bases de données géographiques classiques, cela n'est pas le cas pour les données collaboratives, qui contiennent fréquemment des niveaux de détail hétérogènes. Cette hétérogénéité est un véritable frein pour la réalisation de cartes, notamment quand on utilise les techniques traditionnelles, comme la généralisation, pour produire une carte à partir d'une base de données. Cet article propose une méthode pour estimer le niveau de détail de données issues de sources collaboratives. Ensuite, les incohérences entre objets de la carte à différents niveaux de détail, qui empêchent la réalisation de cartes lisibles, sont détectées automatiquement. Des propositions sont faites pour, ensuite, harmoniser le niveau de détail des objets de la carte. La méthode a été implémentée et des résultats sont présentés sur des données OpenStreetMap.

This paper analyses the informal processes of production of dwelling spaces, specifically the process of acquiring and developing a piece of land. It aims to capture inherent dynamics governing the rationality of the process by drawing on a case study of Mamboleo “B” informal residential urban neighbourhood in the rapidly urbanizing city of Dar es Salaam. The process by which the landowners transform the dwelling spaces informally transcends socio-economic, cultural, and legal factors that demand inherent spatial dynamics to be explained from an urban transformation perspective. This leads to an inquiry into spatial dynamics, which results from unpredictability and mutation of the process and its impact on space. Further, the actors, the innovative informal practices and the urban form resulting from dwelling transformation commensurate with the prevailing socio-cultural condition are sought to inform conventional planning discourse adequately. A mixed-method was employed where the data collection tools included questionnaires, interviews, document analysis, map-reading and physical observations. This study involved snowball and purposive sampling techniques in selecting the respondents, with the first being used to determine the individual dwelling owners and the private sector practitioners while the latter choosing the public sector urban planning officials. Cultural - Historical Activity Theory was used to guide the analysis of the activities to gain their significance in the production of urban dwelling spaces. The study established that the dynamic structures are crucial to the survival of the informal dwellers as they were observed to provide a fertile ground for the survival of the informal processes of production of space together with their associated spaces. The dynamic structures characterized by negotiations, sharing, variations, incrementalism, spontaneity, and adaptability have contributed to affordable land within city boundaries, collective living and shared spaces, use of land as economic assets, and incremental constructions adaptable to users’ changing needs. The flexibility and adaptability of resulting spaces and dwellings were observed to support the socio-economic realities facing most urban dwellers, particularly people experiencing poverty, and hence their survival in urban areas. This study concludes that understanding the dynamics and rules governing spatial changes in informal urban spaces is critical to achieving complex urban spaces and successful spatial interventions in informal urban areas.

Ecological niche models (ENM) use the environmental variables associated with the currently known distribution of a species to model its ecological niche and project it into the geographic space. Widely used and misused, ENM has become a common tool for ecologists and decision-makers. Many ENM platforms have been developed over the years, first as standalone programs, later as packages within script-based programming languages and environments. The democratization of these programming tools and the advent of Open Science brought a growing concern regarding the reproducibility, transparency, robustness, portability, and interoperability in ENM workflows. ENM workflows have some core components that are replicated between projects. However, they have a large internal variation due to the variety of research questions and applications. Any ecological niche modeling platform should take into account this trade-off between stability and reproducibility on one hand, and flexibility and decision-making on the other.

Ecological niche models (ENM) use the environmental variables associated with the currently known distribution of a species to model its ecological niche and project it into the geographic space. Widely used and misused, ENM has become a common tool for ecologists and decision-makers.Many ENM platforms have been developed over the years, first as standalone programs, later as packages within script-based programming languages and environments. The democratization of these programming tools and the advent of Open Science brought a growing concern regarding the reproducibility, transparency, robustness, portability, and interoperability in ENM workflows.ENM workflows have some core components that are replicated between projects. However, they have a large internal variation due to the variety of research questions and applications. Any ecological niche modeling platform should take into account this trade-off between stability and reproducibility on one hand, and flexibility and deci...

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was reported for the first time in India in 2019 and since then, it has become endemic. Since a homologous (LSD-virus based) vaccine was not available in the country, goatpox virus (GPV)-based heterologous vaccine was authorized for mass immunization against LSD in cattle. This study describes the evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated LSD vaccine developed using an Indian field strain (LSDV/India/2019/Ranchi). The virus was attenuated by continuous passage (P=50) in Vero cells. The vaccine (50 th LSDV passage in Vero cells, named as Lumpi-ProVac Ind) did not induce any local or systemic reaction upon its experimental inoculation in calves (n=10). At day 30 post-vaccination (pv), the vaccinated animals were shown to develop antibody-and cell-mediated immune response and exhibited complete protection upon virulent LSDV challenge. We observed a minimum Neethling response (0.018% animals; 5 out of 26940 animals) of the vaccine in field trials among 26940 animals. There was no significant reduction in the milk yield in lactating animals (n=10108), besides there was no abortion or any other reproductive disorder in the pregnant animals (n=2889). Sero-conversion was observed in 85.18% animals in the field by day 30 pv.

Cet article traite d'applications de la théorie des ensembles flous à des exemples géographiques. Si la problématique de l'incertitude est relativement peu abordée en Géographie, elle correspond cependant à des enjeux disciplinaires importants, tels que l'évolution spatio-temporelle, l'intégration de données qualitatives linguistiques ou subjectives, et le découpage régional. Ce sont ces thématiques qui seront développées ici, en montrant comment la logique peut être un outil pertinent pour résoudre des questionnements géographiques.

Cet article traite d’applications de la theorie des ensembles flous a des exemples geographiques. Si la problematique de l’incertitude est relativement peu abordee en Geographie, elle correspond cependant a des enjeux disciplinaires importants, tels que l’evolution spatio-temporelle, l’integration de donnees qualitatives linguistiques ou subjectives, et le decoupage regional. Ce sont ces thematiques qui seront developpees ici, en montrant comment la logique peut etre un outil pertinent pour resoudre des questionnements geographiques.

For their guidance and support throughout my PhD, but also for pizza nights and barbecues, I would like to thank my supervisors Nicole Phillips and Jeff Shima. Nicole Phillips in particular has provided me with expert assistance, both practical and theoretical. She has always been available for advice and discussion on the many facets of this work and I am grateful for her support and encouragement.

Bulletin du centre d'études médiévales d'Auxerre | BUCEMA Hors-série n° 9 | 2016 Géolocalisation et sources anciennes ? Les graphes pour étudier les dynamiques spatiales à partir des séries fiscales médiévales et modernes. Etat des lieux de l'expérience Modelespace

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle caused by virus of the Capripoxvirus genus (LSDV), family Poxviridae. Until 2015, it had not appeared in the Balkans. In June 2016, LSD spread throughout Serbia. This study analyses the first LSD occurrence, epizootic features, applied diagnostic procedures and control measures in five districts in southeast Serbia (Pcinja, Jablanica, Pirot, Toplica and Nisava). In total, there were 225 LSD outbreaks reported in Serbia, out of which 189 (84%) were located in the study area. The highest number of outbreaks was registered in Pcinja district (169), where LSD was first registered. The median distance and time between the nearest previous outbreak sites were calculated (4.32 km and 9 days). The median altitude of outbreak locations was 992 m with more than 90% above 500m (p≤0.001). The average herd morbidity rate in the study area was 13.6% and the herd mortality rate was recorded only in Pcinja (0.5%) and Jablanica (1.6%) districts. Samples taken from the cattle suspected to LSD were subjected to real time PCR analysis. Out of 233 samples tested for LSDV 132 (56.7%) were positive. The LSDV genome was identified in skin nodules (85.4%), blood (72.7%) and nasal swabs (62.5%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the LSDV strain circulating in Serbia fell within the cluster of field LSDV found worldwide. In response to the LSD epizootic, animal trade and movement were prohibited, complete stamping out, disinfection, disinsection and an entire bovine population vaccination using the homologous Neethling live attenuated vaccine (OBP, South Africa) were conducted. A month and a half after the completion of the vaccination campaign, the LSD epizootic was stopped, and no new cases have been reported since.

The finding interpretation and the presentation of the material, expressed in this publication are entirely those of authors and should not be attributed to UNEP. Les informations et la présentation des données, qui figurent dans cette publication sont celles des auteurs et ne peuvent être attribuées au PNUE.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a severe viral transboundary disease of mostly cattle caused by LSD Virus (LSDV). This epidemiological survey of LSD amongst herds of cattle in Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) of North Central Nigeria was carried out in 2019 as a response to farmers’ reports of repeated outbreaks of LSD in their herds of cattle. A focused group discussion with cattle farmers purposefully selected was used for the disease investigation and data collection. Twelve skin scab samples were collected from suspected cases within the study area. The viral attachment protein gene of the LSDV was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the focus group discussion revealed that all farmers interviewed practiced extensive farm management system and claimed that their animals shared same communal water points and grazing area. Furthermore, 47% (7/15) of the farmers have experienced LSD twice in their herds, while 27% (4/15) have had the outbreak thrice on their ...

Cet article propose une methodologie destinee a transformer une description de position exprimee dans un referentiel indirect en une position absolue dans un referentiel direct.Cette problematique necessite une formalisation des elements de localisation relatifs, ici sous la forme d’un modele en triplets, utilises comme base de referencement et un questionnement sur la prise en compte de l’imperfection du langage naturel dans le processus de modelisation. Nous proposons de faire appel aux objets spatiaux flous et nous comparerons leurs implementations afin d’identifier l’approche la plus adaptee au contexte du secours en montagne.

Transmission network modelling to infer 'who infected whom' in infectious disease outbreaks is a highly active area of research. Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease have been a key focus of transmission network models that integrate genomic and epidemiological data. The aim of this study was to extend Lau's systematic Bayesian inference framework to incorporate additional parameters representing predominant species and numbers of animals held on a farm. Lau's Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm was reformulated, verified and pseudo-validated on simulated outbreaks populated with demographic data Japan and Australia. The modified model was then implemented on genomic and epidemiological data from the 2010 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Japan, and outputs compared to those from the SCOTTI model implemented in BEAST2. The modified model achieved improvements in overall accuracy when tested on the simulated outbreaks. When implemented on the actual outbrea...

In this paper, we prove the nonlinear stability under localized perturbations of spectrally stable time-periodic source defects of reaction-diffusion systems. Consisting of a core that emits periodic wave trains to each side, source defects are important as organizing centers of more complicated flows. Our analysis uses spatial dynamics combined with an instantaneous phase-tracking technique to obtain detailed pointwise estimates describing perturbations to lowest order as a phase-shift radiating outward at a linear rate plus a pair of localized approximately Gaussian excitations along the phase-shift boundaries; we show that in the wake of these outgoing waves the perturbed solution converges time-exponentially to a space-time translate of the original source pattern.

In this paper, we prove the nonlinear stability under localized perturbations of spectrally stable time-periodic source defects of reaction-diffusion systems. Consisting of a core that emits periodic wave trains to each side, source defects are important as organizing centers of more complicated flows. Our analysis uses spatial dynamics combined with an instantaneous phase-tracking technique to obtain detailed pointwise estimates describing perturbations to lowest order as a phase-shift radiating outward at a linear rate plus a pair of localized approximately Gaussian excitations along the phase-shift boundaries; we show that in the wake of these outgoing waves the perturbed solution converges time-exponentially to a space-time translate of the original source pattern.

The countries belonging to the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) of the EU are characterized by significant socioeconomic transformations and-more recently-by disconcerting instances of social and political turmoil. This comes to add to social and economic pressures applied to these countries under their process of market liberalization and economic integration, instigated at least in part by the very ENP process. In those conditions, questions of spatial cohesion and thus of regional convergence and divergence become increasingly salient, as the elimination of (social and) spatial imbalances is both a precondition for the legitimacy and successful implementation of the reforms aiming at market liberalization and economic integration and a core objective of such reforms. In this paper, we examine the spatial dynamics of population growth in the ENP countries prior to the recent destabilization in the region, using two complementary approaches-an analysis of the impact of agglomeration on growth and an analysis of club formation in population concentrations (convergencedivergence). We find that, on the whole, the ENPCs South space was characterized in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (