Spatial Digital Humanities

ᵉ siècle, l'administration napoléonienne impose à la ville de Venise la mise en place d'un nouveau système de description standardisé pour rendre compte de manière objective de la forme et des fonctions du tissu urbain. Le cadastre, déployé à l'échelle européenne, offre pour la première fois une vue articulée et précise de la structure de la ville et de ses activités grâce à une approche méthodique et à des catégories standardisées. Les techniques numériques, basées notamment sur l'apprentissage profond, permettent aujourd'hui d'extraire de ces documents une représentation à la fois précise et dense de la ville et de ses habitants. En s'attachant à vérifier systématiquement la cohérence de l'information extraite, ces techniques évaluent aussi la précision et la systématicité du travail des arpenteurs et des sondeurs de l'Empire et qualifient par conséquent, de façon indirecte, la confiance à accorder aux informations extraites. Cet article revient sur l'histoire de ce protosystème computationnel, décrit la manière dont les techniques numériques offrent non seulement une documentation systématique, mais aussi des perspectives d'extraction d'informations latentes, encore non explicitées, mais implicitement présentes dans ce système d'information du passé. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Napoleonic administration introduced a new standardised description system to give an objective account of the form and functions of the city of Venice. The cadastre, deployed on a European scale, was offering for the first time an articulated humanités numériques Une approche computationnelle du cadastre napoléonien de Venise Résumés and precise view of the structure of the city and its activities, through a methodical approach and standardised categories. With the use of digital techniques, based in particular on deep learning, it is now possible to extract from these documents an accurate and dense representation of the city and its inhabitants. By systematically checking the consistency of the extracted information, these techniques also evaluate the precision and systematicity of the surveyors' work and therefore indirectly qualify the trust to be placed in the extracted information. This article reviews the history of this computational protosystem and describes how digital techniques offer not only systematic documentation, but also extraction perspectives for latent information, as yet uncharted, but implicitly present in this information system of the past.

IHR/NHRF) possesses high expertise and specialization in the documentation and production of digital applications. Part of IHR's activities includes providing specialized services to the research community, universities, cultural institutions, and businesses. The Laboratory of Digital Historical Cartography at the Institute of Historical Research of the National Hellenic Research Foundation focuses on digital cartographic research and documentation of historical, archaeological, and topographical data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Its goal is to create original digital thematic maps and other digital applications that present historical information in a well-documented, comprehensible, and aesthetically pleasing manner, covering the entire spectrum of Greek history from antiquity to the modern era.

Les deux relecteurs qui ont examiné cet article doivent être remerciés pour leur expertise qui en a grandement amélioré la qualité. Ces différents défis seront illustrés par la présentation des premiers résultats du programme REPERAGE , qui vise à restituer les dynamiques du paysage et du peuplement dans la vallée de la Garonne moyenne en aval de Toulouse. Agache, Roger. 1978. La Somme pré-romaine et romaine d'après les prospections à basse altitude. Amiens : Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Picardie. Antoine, Annie. 2002a. Le Paysage de l'historien : archéologie des bocages de l'ouest de la France à l'époque moderne. Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes.

A music performance space constitutes the frame as well as the content of the listeners’ experience. The acoustic environment forces continuous negotiations that differ according to a listener’s role and position as composer, performer or audience member. The aim of my research is to investigate the acoustics of a performative space, the Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in Florence, following two complementary paths, both based on an interactive model. The first offers an impulse-response experience: the user can virtually explore the opera hall by choosing between the binaural reproductions of 13 different listening positions. The second is about the aural and visual perception of a performance of the romance “Una furtiva lagrima” from Donizetti’s opera L’elisir d’amore. The user, through ambisonics, 360 degree videos and virtual reality, will experience this performance from three different positions in the theatre: on stage, in the orchestra pit and in the audience seating.

Au début du ᵉ siècle, l'administration napoléonienne impose à la ville de Venise la mise en place d'un nouveau système de description standardisé pour rendre compte de manière objective de la forme et des fonctions du tissu urbain. Le cadastre, déployé à l'échelle européenne, offre pour la première fois une vue articulée et précise de la structure de la ville et de ses activités grâce à une approche méthodique et à des catégories standardisées. Les techniques numériques, basées notamment sur l'apprentissage profond, permettent aujourd'hui d'extraire de ces documents une représentation à la fois précise et dense de la ville et de ses habitants. En s'attachant à vérifier systématiquement la cohérence de l'information extraite, ces techniques évaluent aussi la précision et la systématicité du travail des arpenteurs et des sondeurs de l'Empire et qualifient par conséquent, de façon indirecte, la confiance à accorder aux informations extraites. Cet article revient sur l'histoire de ce protosystème computationnel, décrit la manière dont les techniques numériques offrent non seulement une documentation systématique, mais aussi des perspectives d'extraction d'informations latentes, encore non explicitées, mais implicitement présentes dans ce système d'information du passé. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Napoleonic administration introduced a new standardised description system to give an objective account of the form and functions of the city of Venice. The cadastre, deployed on a European scale, was offering for the first time an articulated humanités numériques Une approche computationnelle du cadastre napoléonien de Venise Résumés and precise view of the structure of the city and its activities, through a methodical approach and standardised categories. With the use of digital techniques, based in particular on deep learning, it is now possible to extract from these documents an accurate and dense representation of the city and its inhabitants. By systematically checking the consistency of the extracted information, these techniques also evaluate the precision and systematicity of the surveyors' work and therefore indirectly qualify the trust to be placed in the extracted information. This article reviews the history of this computational protosystem and describes how digital techniques offer not only systematic documentation, but also extraction perspectives for latent information, as yet uncharted, but implicitly present in this information system of the past.

Content Management Systems (CMS) have been well applied for Technology Enhanced Learning online. On the one hand, context information such as location information of content plays an important role on GIS support of map, and tracking location information is applied, which can be used to support CMS. Additionally, CMS enhances a good organization and management of content also for educational purposes among others. It does not however give users (teachers and students) a bundle of tools to arrange the learning material flexibly. This paper reports on the use of a Content Management System with GIS capabilities and digital storytelling as means of flexible and comprehensive learning, learning content organization and management. This is to be proved in the case studies for encouraging GIS education among students.

L'article présente une campagne d'annotation des entités spatiales dans un corpus de romans roumains du e siècle ayant comme personnage principal le haïdouk, hors-la-loi des Balkans. En raison de leur mode de vie nomade, ces brigands ont une relation à l'espace qui se construit en opposition à l'organisation stable et structurée de l'espace rural roumain de l'époque. Pour vérifier si cette différence se retrouve dans les romans, l'objectif de l'annotation a été de relever tous les syntagmes nominaux et les adverbes faisant référence à l'espace, sans se cantonner aux toponymes, qui font habituellement l'objet des travaux en humanités numériques et en traitement automatique des langues. Après une présentation des principales différences entre l'approche adoptée et les travaux actuels ou plus anciens en analyse de l'espace littéraire, nous présentons ici les étapes d'élaboration du schéma d'annotation, les résultats et les enseignements de la mesure de l'accord interannotateurs sur dix échantillons d'environ mille mots chacun. This paper presents the annotation of spatial entities in a corpus of Romanian novels written mainly in the 19th century and featuring as their main character a figure very well-known in the Balkans, the Hajduk outlaw. Because of their nomadic lifestyle, Hajduks were experiencing a unique relation to space, which was very different from that of the majority of Romanians, who lived in villages at the time. To verify if this humanités numériques À la recherche des haïdouks. Annoter les entités spatiales dans des romans roumains du e siècle Résumés

Atlases are certainly an attractive way not only to present maps, but also to reveal and explain relationships between elements on a single map or between themes of different map layers. Thus, because of the complexity of many map designs and of the often overwhelming thematic content, the visual graphics have to be supported by some kind of explanation. During the last decade, more and more terms such as "spatial narratives", "story maps" or "visual storytelling" emerged in the field of cartography (Roth, 2020). Often the map becomes a media element among many others. In this contribution we will explore how the idea of storytelling can be implemented in a way where the story is told through the map and therefore the geographic context will be aligned with the story at all times. Storytelling should guide the user to discover, learn and understand the content and background information of a map (series). To implement this, we propose making use of an intrinsic, map-centered approach, where the story takes place mainly on the map(s) and the map serves not only as illustration of the story, which would be the extrinsic approach (Thöny et al., 2018). By using the intrinsic approach, we can create stories that focus on geographic issues (where?), on cause and effect (why?), on time and procedures (when?), on thematic content (what?), or on personal stories (who?) within the map environment and therefore embedded into a geographic context. In intrinsic map-centered storytelling we can rely on narrative tactics and techniques like visual structuring, highlighting, and transition, as well as ordering, interactivity, and messaging (Segel and Heer, 2010). From a structural point of view, intrinsic stories can be told in three ways: 1) on a separate map layer (e.g., charts, picking box), 2) by using integral map elements (e.g., cities, castles, mountains, regions), and 3) overlays that are loosely connected with the map (e.g., general information). It also allows adapting the map according to the story by changing the map style, the location and map extent, or the map content. Multimedia elements and interactive charts can be added, and external maps and data sources (e.g. real-time data) can be linked. With intrinsic map-centered storytelling, we enable a userdriven concept: storylines are perceived as an inherent component of the atlas maps, but at the same time, the users can switch between the story and the mere map use at every time, or jump to any point in the storyline (Schalcher, 2021). This user-driven concept can be applied by the user in a bi-directional way: a) following the storyline causes a change of the geographic context, and b) following a thematic, space-or time-based narrative (i.e., what happens at a specific place or time stamp?), the story will change. To summarize, the intrinsic approach has two main advantages: firstly, the user can determine the flow, order, and duration of the story freely (no fixed direction), and secondly, there is always a direct connection between the story and the map, since storytelling in atlases should always have a strong cartographic component. In our contribution, we will show the general components of this concept, but also a proof of concept by addressing specific examples of intrinsic storytelling from the national Atlas of Switzerland-online, a 3D application.

Content Management Systems (CMS) have been well applied for Technology Enhanced Learning online. On the one hand, context information such as location information of content plays an important role on GIS support of map, and tracking location information is applied, which can be used to support CMS. Additionally, CMS enhances a good organization and management of content also for educational purposes among others. It does not however give users (teachers and students) a bundle of tools to arrange the learning material flexibly. This paper reports on the use of a Content Management System with GIS capabilities and digital storytelling as means of flexible and comprehensive learning, learning content organization and management. This is to be proved in the case studies for encouraging GIS education among students.

This talk discusses the development of a spatiotemporal data model for an urban gazetteer. The function of gazetteers is to obtain descriptions uniquely identifying places referred to in discourse. Often, they are lists of places containing place name, feature type and geographical extent. Contemporary digital gazetteers (e.g. World Historical Gazetteer and Pleiades) are valuable tools for geographical knowledge of the past and the structuring of humanities data. However, scholars and GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums) specialists often require information about entities on an intra-city scale. This presentation explores the model and implementation of an urban gazetteer using CIDOC CRM as a top-level ontology. The model will closely follow international gazetteer standards (i.e. Linked Places Format) in order to ensure interoperability with other gazetteer datasets. To move towards a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) approach, humanities data from the urban gazetteer will be published as Linked Open Data (LOD) and searchable via (Geo)SPARQL.

Content Management Systems (CMS) have been well applied for Technology Enhanced Learning online. On the one hand, context information such as location information of content plays an important role on GIS support of map, and tracking location information is applied, which can be used to support CMS. Additionally, CMS enhances a good organization and management of content also for educational purposes among others. It does not however give users (teachers and students) a bundle of tools to arrange the learning material flexibly. This paper reports on the use of a Content Management System with GIS capabilities and digital storytelling as means of flexible and comprehensive learning, learning content organization and management. This is to be proved in the case studies for encouraging GIS education among students.

Une des fonctions des systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) en archéologie est la modélisation, avec pour objectif de proposer une hypothèse spatiale plutôt que des données brutes. Cette contribution présente la conception, les résultats et les limites d’un SIG de modélisation spatiale appliqué à l’occupation rurale de la Somme à l’époque romaine. Il s’agit ici d’en délimiter les paramètres d’emplacement originels, c’est-à-dire les décisions anthropiques conditionnant la présence d’un site en un point précis. Dans la Somme, les variables influant statistiquement sur la distribution spatiale des fermes et villae relèvent plus notablement du domaine socio-économique que de l’environnement physique. Si l’aspect lacunaire de la documentation archéologique et des variables restituables est réel, il est indéniable que les SIG permettent d’atteindre une compréhension plus fine et plus fiable des paysages anciens et de leur interaction avec les habitants.

One of the functions of archaeological GIS is modelling, with the aim to propose a spatial hypothesis rather than raw data. This paper consists in presenting the design, results and limits of spatial modelling through GIS, which are applied to the rural settlement of the Somme in the Roman era. Its purpose is to ascertain locational parameters, i.e. the human decisions which condition the presence of a site in a specific area. In the Somme, variables that have a statistical impact on the spatial distribution of farms and villae tend to pertain more often to the socio-economic field rather than the physical environment. While the gap in the archaeological data and reconstituted variables is real, it is undeniable that GIS models allow a finer and more reliable understanding of ancient landscapes and their interaction with the inhabitants.

This chapter introduces a methodology for the semantic documentation of historical maps to facilitate their accessibility and re-usability on the Web. The key component of the suggested methodology is the development of an ontology for historical maps. The ontology acts as a basis for the semantic profiling of metadata standards currently in use to provide an enhanced vocabulary for historical maps. Furthermore, it can serve as a bridge for linking multiple items of different type (maps, texts, spatial data) together under a common framework. Ultimate goal of the proposed ontology is to: (a) offer a more expressive standard for historical maps, until now absent, since organizations managing cartographic collections mostly use bibliographic metadata; (b) define the concepts and interrelations that describe maps in a standardized way using a language that can be recognized by different applications; and (c) support well-documented publishing and advanced searching of cartographic information on the Semantic Web.

This article presents the methodological framework and the first results of the research towards the spatial organization and semantic modelling of the work of the French Scientific Mission (1828 - 1829), the first systematic mapping of the Hellenic State. Ultimate goal of this research is to create an integrated spatial database that incorporates the geographic information from the historical maps enriched with multimedia and texts from the published work of the Mission. For this, the technological
approaches suggested by the Semantic Web have been followed introducing the concepts of semantic interoperability and geographic data models in the management of historical data. Eventually, the historical map becomes the medium on which the historical data are organized as well as the narrative medium that conveys the historical knowledge to the wider public illuminating the status of the Hellenic State at the time of its establishment, from a spatial point of view.