Soil-Sediment Continuum

Project aims Defra is seeking to understand the magnitude of risks (e.g. to aquatic ecology and human health) or impacts (e.g. on the way that water bodies are managed) posed by contaminated sediment in England, as part of its work towards meeting its environmental objectives. In the context of this project, in-situ contaminated sediment is defined as: Chemically contaminated sediment within the water column, bed, banks and floodplain of a surface water body that has been transported alongside the normal sediment load and deposited by fluvial or coastal processes. This project considers the risk posed by non-agricultural diffuse pollution sources in England that result in the contamination of in-situ sediments (for example, contamination from toxic metals, hydrocarbons and surfactants). The scope encompasses both freshwater and marine sediments in England and extends to one nautical mile off-shore (the seaward limit of coastal waters under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Engl...

our managing editor, almut Heinrich, received the Society of Environmental toxicology and Chemistry (SEtaC) Europe Environmental Education award at its Europe annual Meeting in Warsaw, Poland. this is a singular distinction in that this award is traditionally given to academic teachers, not the managing editor of four journals. the nomination for this award highlighted almut's incredible career of contributions to environmental education: almut Heinrich was educated in Heidelberg, Germany, where she received the master's degree at the University of Heidelberg and started her career in publishing at Springer-Verlag Heidelberg. While at Springer-Verlag, she had the unique opportunity to work as a publishing editor in the chemistry department under the leadership of dr. Friedrich l. Boschke, one of the leading science editors of his time. She was responsible for the development of a program on applied chemistry that increasingly focused on environmental chemistry (e. g. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry by otto Hutzinger), food chemistry (e. g. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung) and analytical chemistry (e. g. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie). Under almut's guidance, the program eventually comprised monographs, textbooks, advances series, handbooks (e. g. Handbuch der gefährlichen Güter by Günter Hommel) and journals (e. g. the Bulletin of Polymer Chemistry). after 14 years with Springer, almut moved to ecomed publishers landsberg /lech (Bavaria), where she started in 1989 Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung (UWSF) with Professor otto Hutzinger as editor-in-chief. This was the first German scientific journal devoted to chemicals in the environment. the success of this journal prompted the launch of an English-language sister journal Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPr) in 1994, which developed rapidly. already in 1996, ESPr was selected for coverage by Science Citation index (iSi). today it is recognized as one of the leading journals in environmental science and is distributed in more than 50 nations.

Since no extensive conceptual framework has been developed on the issues of ecosystem service (ES) and service provider (SP) in the marine environment, we have made an attempt to apply these to the conservation and management of marine biodiversity. Within this context, an accurate individuation of SPs, namely the biological component of a given ecosystem that supports human activities is fundamental. SPs are the agents responsible for making the ES-based approach operational. The application of these concepts to the marine environment should be based on an model different to the terrestrial one. In the latter, the basic model envisages a matrix of a human-altered landscape with fragments of original biodiversity; conversely, in the marine environment the model provides fragments where human activities are carried out and the matrix is represented by the original biodiversity. We have identified three main classes of ES provision: in natural, disturbed and human-controlled environments. Economic valuation of marine ESs is an essential condition for making conservation strategies financially sustainable, as it may stimulate the perceived need for investing in protection and exploitation of marine resources.

Large quantities of sediment must be dredged regularly to enable marine transport and trade. The sediments are often polluted, with e.g. metals, which limits the management options. The aim of this study has been to assess costs and environmental impacts (impact on climate, marine organisms, etc.) of different management options for polluted dredged sediment, by combining life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the climate impact, scoring of other environmental aspects and a cost evaluation. This approach has been used to study both traditional and new management alternatives for a real port case. The studied options include landfilling, deep-sea disposal, construction of a port area using a stabilization and solidification (S/S) method, and a combination of the aforementioned methods with the innovative option of metal recovery through sediment electrolysis. The LCA showed that deep-sea disposal had the lowest climate impact. The assessment of the other environmental impacts showed that the result varied depending on the pollution level and the time perspective used (short or long-term). Using sediment for construction had the highest climate impact, although other environmental impacts were comparably low. Electrolysis was found to be suitable for highly polluted sediments, as it left the sediment cleaner and enabled recovery of precious metals, however the costs were high. The results highlight the complexity of comparing different environmental impacts and the benefits of using integrated assessments to provide clarity, and to evaluate both the synergetic and counteracting effects associated with the investigated scenarios and may aid early-stage decision making.

Large quantities of sediment must be dredged regularly to enable marine transport and trade. The sediments are often polluted, with e.g. metals, which limits the management options. The aim of this study has been to assess costs and environmental impacts (impact on climate, marine organisms, etc.) of different management options for polluted dredged sediment, by combining life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the climate impact, scoring of other environmental aspects and a cost evaluation. This approach has been used to study both traditional and new management alternatives for a real port case. The studied options include landfilling, deep-sea disposal, construction of a port area using a stabilization and solidification (S/S) method, and a combination of the aforementioned methods with the innovative option of metal recovery through sediment electrolysis. The LCA showed that deep-sea disposal had the lowest climate impact. The assessment of the other environmental impacts showed that the result varied depending on the pollution level and the time perspective used (short or long-term). Using sediment for construction had the highest climate impact, although other environmental impacts were comparably low. Electrolysis was found to be suitable for highly polluted sediments, as it left the sediment cleaner and enabled recovery of precious metals, however the costs were high. The results highlight the complexity of comparing different environmental impacts and the benefits of using integrated assessments to provide clarity, and to evaluate both the synergetic and counteracting effects associated with the investigated scenarios and may aid early-stage decision making.

/ Ecological risk assessments must have clearly defined endpoints that are socially and biologically relevant, accessible to prediction and measurement, and susceptible to the hazard being assessed. Most ecological assessments do not have such endpoints, in part because the endpoints of toxicity tests or other measurements of effects are used as assessment endpoints. This article distinguishes assessment and measurement endpoints in terms of their roles in risk assessments and explains how the criteria for their selection differ. It then presents critical discussions of possible assessment and measurement endpoints for regional ecological risk assessments. Finally, the article explains how endpoint selection is affected by the goal of the assessment. Generic goals for regional risk assessment include explanation of observed regional effects, evaluation of an action with regional implications, and evaluation of the state of a region. Currently, population level assessment endpoints such as abundance and range are the most generally useful. For higher levels (ecosystems and regions), data are generally not available and the validity of models has not been demonstrated, and for lower level effects (physiological, and organismal) are not relevant, However, landscape descriptors, material export, and other regional-scale measurement endpoints show promise for regional assessments.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

1 Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany 2 SEA Environmental Decisions, Little Hadham, United Kingdom 3 CEMAGREF, Lyon, France 4 Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz, Germany 5 RIZA, Aquatic Sediment Expert Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands 6 TNO, Delft, The Netherlands 7 TNO, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands 8 University of Athens, Athens, Greece 9 Amt für Stromund Hafenbau, Hamburg, Germany 10 NGI, Oslo, Norway 11 TNO, Delft, The Netherlands 12 Cranfield University, Silsoe, United Kingdom

Introduction: Sediment management under the EU Water Framework Directive will need a wider scope with in situ technologies embedded in a modern system of risk assessment and communication on the river basin scale. A new initiative for Europe-wide activities in the field of sediment management technology could start in the course of the forthcoming strategies against chemical pollution of surface waters (WFD article 16), i.e. establishment of a program of measures until 2009 for sources of priority substances including the specific source/pathway “historical pollution from sediment”. In the view of the size of the problems in Europe, the guidance to innovative remedial measures and the experience from successful problem solutions in the United States cannot be ignored. Our presentation refers to chapter. 6 “Risk reduction of contaminated sediments in the Elbe river basin” in a study on behalf of the Hamburg Port Authority and River Basin Community of the Elbe.

Europe joined forces. On May 24 th , a European Advisory Group on Sediments was formed at the SETAC Europe annual meeting 2005 in Lille, France. The group intends to concentrate, discuss and communicate sediment related issues, challenges and concepts. As a first task, a list containing suggestions of sediment-related topics has been prepared for the next SETAC Europe annual meeting 2006 in The Hague.

Science-policy integration is one of the most complex challenges that scientific and policy-making communities are facing in that it involves knowledge sharing and exchanges among a wide range of disciplines and actors. In many instances, the lack of communication and of clear coordination mechanism leads to research outputs not being used or simply known by policy-makers, and to policy research needs not being communicated to the scientific communities in a timely fashion. This paper discusses the integration of scientific and technological progress into the policy-making and implementation process, taking the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) as an example to illustrate the necessity and complexity of the knowledge-based approach.

A methodology for the assessment and visualization of environmental risk levels is presented in this paper. National geochemical databases served as the main source of data for the compilation of environmental risk assessment maps for individual environments of the Slovak Republic, including soils, groundwater and stream sediments. Environmental risk was computed from individual geochemical analyses as a ratio of risk element concentrations (predicted environmental concentration, PEC) to concentrations with assumedly no adverse impact on biota and ecological systems (predicted no effect concentrations, PNEC). The integration of separately evaluated assessments of environmental risks for soils, groundwater and stream sediments are now consolidated in a comprehensive environmental risk assessment map. The comprehensive map provides complex evaluation of the environmental risks resulting from contaminated geological environments. The environmental risk level can be easily transformed to any regional or administrative units-geomorphological units, catchments, districts, cadastral units etc. Keywords Environmental geochemistry AE Risk assessment map AE Contamination AE Slovakia

The paper presents a review of environmental-geochemical mapping of the Slovak Republic. The project 'Geochemical Atlas of the Slovak Republic' (implemented at the beginning of 1991), comprises completed (or nearly completed) geochemical atlases of groundwater, soils, stream sediments, forest biomass, rocks and natural radioactivity of the Slovak Republic at a scale of 1 : 1,000,000. These serve as background for environmental-geochemical mapping in selected regions at a scale of 1 : 50,000 which is now in progress (for water, soil, sediment and rock). In order to allow for compatibility between individual regions, methodological guidelines were developed (as required for all studies funded by the Ministry of the Environment of the Slovak Republic).

The soil protection has a long tradition in Slovakia. Slovakia has a good and strict legislation on the soil protection. It also includes protection against erosion and degradation. However, there is a certain gap in the legislation in addressing the relationship between the lost soil and the land ownership. It is not clear how the land ownership is changed with soil particles movement along the slope, on which erosion occurs. Even more uncertainty regarding the land ownership occurs if the soil is transferred to the watercourses or water reservoirs, where the soil is transformed into sediments. On the European level, sediment management is not covered by specific regulations. The sediment management is partially addressed in several European directives directly or indirectly. The current legislation in Slovakia is creating economic and legal barriers to the return of the soil from the rivers and the reservoir to its original owners. The paper deals with the current state of explain...

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an ISO standardized and widely used methodology for environmental assessment of products, processes and services, by identifying, quantifying and evaluating all the resources consumed and all the emissions and wastes released. The LCA methodology enables adequate comparison between different remediation options and can be used as a decision-making tool for the authorities. In this study, LCA was used to compare, in terms of their associated environmental burdens, two scenarios for managing the contaminated dredged sediments of the seabed of the Livorno Port area. The compared options were: (i) confined longshore disposal, i.e. placement of dredged material in a confined disposal facility; (ii) phytoremediation treatment, by an association of salt-tolerant shrub and grass species, aimed at turning the polluted sediment an agronomic substrate (techno-soil). The results of the life cycle impact assessment underline that the potential impacts of the two compared options involve different environmental problems. Indeed, for phytoremediation the most significant impacts are related to energy and resources consumption, while for the confined disposal is related to loads in the marine ecotoxicity categories. Therefore, phytoremediation can be considered a promising alternative solution for the management and valorization of contaminated dredged sediments.

An efficient method of burning polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often used to remove the environmental burden of PCBs. However, combustion produces toxic dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), so residents are increasingly rejecting this method. The heat treatment (HT) method does not burn PCBs but evaporates it from sediments. Even in this process, PCDD/Fs are formed to a lesser extent, which are destroyed by radiation processing (RP) following the HT. At the same time, the RP method degrades PCB congeners down to biphenyls, which decompose easily in the environment. A block assembly of a complex synergistic combination of equipment for methods of thermal (HT) and radiation (RP) destruction of PCBs in sediments is proposed. The efficacy of this complex was preliminarily determined at a level of 70-fold reduction in PCB concentration in sediments. To achieve a higher reduction factor in the concentration of PCBs, possible procedures for optimizing the settings of individual devices of this...

: This report describes field demonstrations of in situ treatment of PCBs and mercury with activated carbon(AC) delivered using the SediMite delivery system. The project involved two sites within Canal Creek at the Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) in Edgewood, Maryland, that are contaminated with mercury and PCBs. The application of SediMite to a thirdsiteBailey Creek at Fort Eustis in Virginiais also described for comparison. Data are also included for a fourth site at which SediMite was used to treat PCBs within a Phragmites marsh. The sites represent different types of habitats, and the synoptic evaluation provides insights into the performance of SediMite as a delivery system for in situ treatment with AC across a range of biological and physical conditions. The demonstration projects showed that treatment of PCBs can be carried out in the field using AC delivered via SediMite. The bioavailability of PCBs was typically reduced by 80 across these sites, with values90 being achievabl...

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been a concerning issue in Texas for several decades. These persistent organic pollutants have infiltrated various environmental mediums, posing significant risks to human health and the ecosystem. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of PCBs in Texas, exploring their sources, historical context, regulations, and cleanup efforts. By understanding the implications of PCB contamination, we can work towards effective solutions and safeguard the well-being of our communities and the environment. Historical Background of PCBs in Texas PCBs were widely used in Texas during the mid-20th century for various industrial applications due to their heat resistance and electrical insulating properties. However, as the detrimental effects of PCBs on human health and the environment became evident, their production and usage were banned in the United States in 1979. Despite the ban, PCBs continue to persist in the environment, especially in older industrial sites, waste disposal areas, and contaminated water bodies.

tion, or sites with significant ongoing contaminant input, these sites may have high levels of contamination that can-not be managed until sources are controlled or resources are available. Since removal is a given in this aspect of sedi-ment management (unless environmental or economical problems bar it), assessment is carried out to address the risks of resuspension through dredging, disposal, beneficial uses and/or treatment options. The second type of sediment management, hotspot or environmental cleanup of contami-nated sediments, generally addresses smaller volumes of sedi-ment, though there are notable exceptions. The sediments addressed for this purpose may have much higher contami-nant levels than do sediments managed for navigation and construction dredging, they may reside in areas of ecologi-cal significance or they may contain substances of particu-

Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do not represent SETAC positions or policies. And, although they are subject to editorial review for clarity, consistency, and brevity, these articles are not peer reviewed. The Learned Discourses date from 1996 in the North America SETAC News and, when that publication was replaced by the SETAC Globe, continued there through 2005. The continued success of Learned Discourses depends on our contributors. We encourage timely submissions that will inform and stimulate discussion. We expect that many of the articles will address controversial topics, and promise to give dissenting opinions a chance to be heard. Rules. All submissions must be succinct: no longer than 1000 words, no more than 6 references, and at most one table or figure. Reference format must follow the journal requirement found on the Internet at http:\\www. setacjournals.org. Topics must fall within IEAM's sphere of interest. Submissions. All manuscripts should be sent via email as Word attachments to Peter M Chapman

This chapter presents and discusses the soil-sediment-river connections and summarises the pressures at the basin scale from their causes (natural and anthropogenic drivers) to their consequences (impacts on biophysical status). Nine important pressures on river basins are evidenced with respect to their temporal and spatial scale of occurrence and their impact on the river basin at the basin scale and concerns: erosion, sealing, compaction, hydromorphological changes, salinisation, contamination, changes in water quantity, acidification and reduction of soil organic matter. Each pressure can affect the biophysical status, and the simultaneous presence of pressures can have cumulative or compensatory impacts on biophysical status through propagation. Eight biophysical statuses were identified (concentration of chemicals, trophic status, biota status, buffering capacity, salinity, suspended matter and sediment, water level, morphology and pedology), and the pressures are described in this chapter in the sense of impacts on these biophysical status.

Purpose of this paper is to draft shot information about framework for ecological risk assessment compile according Guidelines and short description of phases from which this method consists. During description of particular procedures, the meaning of used terms is introduced and explained. The framework for risk assessment is presented as a useful tool for risk management and selection of available cleanup and remedy technologies, and costs of alternative actions.

Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do not represent SETAC positions or policies. And, although they are subject to editorial review for clarity, consistency, and brevity, these articles are not peer reviewed. The Learned Discourses date from 1996 in the North America SETAC News and, when that publication was replaced by the SETAC Globe, continued there through 2005. The continued success of Learned Discourses depends on our contributors. We encourage timely submissions that will inform and stimulate discussion. We expect that many of the articles will address controversial topics, and promise to give dissenting opinions a chance to be heard. Rules. All submissions must be succinct: no longer than 1000 words, no more than 6 references, and at most one table or figure. Reference format must follow the journal requirement found on the Internet at http:\\www. setacjournals.org. Topics must fall within IEAM's sphere of interest. Submissions. All manuscripts should be sent via email as Word attachments to Peter M Chapman

Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do not represent SETAC positions or policies. And, although they are subject to editorial review for clarity, consistency, and brevity, these articles are not peer reviewed. The Learned Discourses date from 1996 in the North America SETAC News and, when that publication was replaced by the SETAC Globe, continued there through 2005. The continued success of Learned Discourses depends on our contributors. We encourage timely submissions that will inform and stimulate discussion. We expect that many of the articles will address controversial topics, and promise to give dissenting opinions a chance to be heard. Rules. All submissions must be succinct: no longer than 1000 words, no more than 6 references, and at most one table or figure. Reference format must follow the journal requirement found on the Internet at http:\\www. setacjournals.org. Topics must fall within IEAM's sphere of interest. Submissions. All manuscripts should be sent via email as Word attachments to Peter M Chapman

The framework for ecological risk assessments has provided a way to analyze stressors in the environment. Despite the power of this tool to inform environmental management decisions, the practice has not reached its full potential. In this paper, limitations of the practice are described under 2 categories, namely inherent and contrived. Inherent limitations are constraints of nature that we need to be aware of as we design and interpret studies. Contrived limitations are impediments that have arisen in the practice through precedent or policy. The closing portion of this paper provides a series of short-term and long-term steps that could remove some of the limitations, especially the contrived ones, and improve the usefulness of risk assessments.

Kinetics of distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an active bacterial suspension of Pseudomonas stutzeri was studied by monitoring the evaporated amounts and the concentration remaining in the liquid medium containing the biomass of the degrader bacterium. A model considering biosorption, evaporation, and primary biodegradation of individual PCB congeners was constructed using the methods of subcellular toxicokinetics. The time hierarchy of the underlying processes (uptake/release of the congeners to/from biomass is much faster than evaporation and degradation) allowed for construction of a simplified disposition function, i.e. the time dependence of the intra-and extracellular PCB concentrations. The resulting model was fitted to the experimental data, with the parameters characterising biosorption and evaporation determined in separate experiments. In this way, the biodegradation rate constants were determined for individual congeners of the technical PCB mixture DELOR 103. Biodegradability decreases with increasing number of chlorines in the molecule, especially if they are located in the orthoand parapositions. On the other hand, the increasing number of free 2,3-positions or their equivalents on the biphenyl skeleton leads to an increased biodegradability. A quantitative structure-degradability relationship with these variables was formulated for 2-and 3-chlorinated congeners.

The current pollution of sedimentary environment is very serious and exceeds load capacity limit and it is influenced by other external factors such as climate, hydrodynamic conditions, pH, salinity, Eh, temperature and other. This influences can cause the heavy metals are re-released from the sediments which were longterm accumulated what can lead to the deterioration of ecological environment and even pose a threat to the organisms through the food chain. Distribution, enrichment characteristics of heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury and arsenic) in the sediments in the rivers of Eastern of Slovakia, were measured and analyzed in 2017 and 2018. River sediment quality in the territory of East of Slovakia, representing the water basins of the rivers Hornad, Laborec and Torysa, was investigated. Sampling points were selected based on the current surface water quality monitoring network. The aim of the study is compare sediment quality of monitored rivers betwee...

Quality is one of the most important risk indicators in river basins. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating water and sediment quality has a very important role in process of risk management. The aim of the monitoring is provide for the sustainability of water bodies and these results are the basis for the risk management in the river catchment area. Hornad, Laborec and Poprad are the rivers in Eastern Slovakia. Hornad and Laborec belongs to basin of Danube and Poprad belongs to basin of Vistula. Sediment sampling was carried out according to ISO 5667-6. Monitoring was carried out in the spring on 2017–2018. The chemical composition of sediments was determined by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using SPECTRO iQ II (Ametek, Germany, 2000). The results of sediment quality evaluated by method PERI revealed that the quality of sediment in 2018 was better than 2017. Results of XRF analysis of sediments were compared with the limited values according to the Slovak Act 188/2003 Coll. of L...

The desired outcome of integrated sediment management approaches – in a perfect sediment world - is a solution that is protective of human and ecological health and includes source controls to prevent recontamination. The outcome should succeed in reducing liability and should be designed and constructed at the least cost being economically efficient to the public, government and business sectors. Additionally, technical and management solutions should be transferable to between environments such as estuaries, lakes, fjords, as well as to complex urban environments. Decision-making and associated project timeframes in remediation/restoration usually center on political, social, and stakeholder acceptability. Furthermore, the concept of developing dredged material and remediation project designs/construction in a sustainable manner in synergy with long-term maintenance of the ecosystem components for future generations and to proceed to project construction within your lifetime, cont...

Both the dredging operations and the management of dredged materials may have heavy impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems. Dredged materials, in particular, have been considered for a very long time nothing more than a waste meant for disposal. Now the time has come to move from the ‘disposal approach’ to the ‘waste recovery’ or, even better, to the ‘waste can be a non-waste’ ones. Unfortunately, the management of dredged materials is committed to a congeries of rules, which build up a framework of law that appears plainly fragmentary and incoherent. The road is still long (and winding).

However, also untreated, relatively clean dredged material can be used, for example, for filling up deep holes, which were for instance created due to sand extraction, or just for relocating it in the river basin. This latter option is generally considered to be a sustainable solution, as sediment is an essential, integral and dynamic part of our river basins. Therefore, we speak of sustainable relocation. So, this is why the term 'Beneficial use' is used for treated and untreated dredged material, while disposal in a disposal site is not considered to be a beneficial use. Science alone, however convincing, cannot guarantee the successful application of beneficial use options for dredged material. The main reason for this is the large number of interests of an equally large number of stakeholders involved in a dredging project, who are trying to reach a consensus particularly in terms of timing and costs. Such difficulties can be overcome by long-term planning. The key to success for the beneficial use project planner is to identify how, when and where dredged material from a project can fulfil an economic need, whilst paying due regard to environmental considerations and limitations. Identification of economic and/ or social benefits, and raising of awareness to that may help overcome some environmental opposition to the use of dredged material. In any case, dredging and sediment treatment need to be integrated in the river basin management and they should not result in unwanted impacts elsewhere or any time in the river system. National legislation and the current developments at the European level (Water Framework Directive, Soil Communication) are likely to have a further impact on dredged material management such as dredging, treatment and/or disposal in national and international catchment areas.

Introduction and Background: In spite of significant reductions in chemical emissions in recent decades, ports, harbors and waterways throughout the world must contend with a legacy of contaminated sediments that continue to complicate the objectives of navigation, development and ecosystem restoration. While containment and disposal of contaminated dredged material (CDM) remains an option, limited capacity, public opposition, waste hierarchy issues and concerns over long-term risk, monitoring and liability can all be barriers. On the other hand, many treatment approaches raise concerns about energy use, emissions, waste streams and fate of treated materials. The ideal approach for any project depends on a site-specific balancing of these competing decision drivers, but most regions will require a flexible mixture of approaches tailored to region-specific drivers and the characteristics of various sediment management units within a project. This paper will describe the demonstration...