Sediments as a Part of the Soil Protection Legislation

Prawne Problemy Górnictwa i Ochrony Środowiska, 2021

The significant amendment of the Slovak constitution deals with the protection of the land which it newly characterises as a non-renewable natural resource and provides additional legal protection of it. The article analyses the importance of this amendment from multiple perspectives with emphasis on legislative changes it has brought. The main topics of the article are the need for more effective legislation in the area of land protection and also the long-standing need to carry out land consolidations in the Slovak Republic.

Economy & Business Journal, 2019

The agricultural land is a natural heritage of each country. The agricultural land protection is a complex role where the interests of agriculture, industry, housing, transport and environment should be taken into account to ensure the harmony in these relations. The Slovak law maker uses various legal measures to protect the agricultural land, such as obligation of land owner to protect the land against the degradation and devastation, fees for agricultural land withdrawal for the nonagricultural purposes, restrictions in the land transactions when land is purchased or leased. We assume that the adoption of a legal measure should be accompanied by the complex analysis of its impact on the land protection to ensure that the new legal measure fulfils its intended role. Moreover, we assume that the innovations should be the central focused point of the land protection.

EU agrarian Law, 2017

Protection of the functions and surface area of agricultural land should be the interest of every society and is an expression of the maturity of the country. The paper analyses historical development of the legal regulation on the protection of agricultural land in Slovakia since the establishment of Czechoslovakia i.e. from 1918 to the present, i.e. until 2017.

The paper is focused on the present state of soil protection from unwanted influences degradation through a process of water erosion. Agricultural land and forest land are a major component of the environment and it is therefore important to find tools for their protection. The paper presents empirical model used to determine the intensity of water erosion. We also will be presented options GIS tools in identifying areas threats with water erosion.

Zemljiste i biljka

Land, as one of the basic environmental factors, is under large impact by intensive agricultural production, urbanisation, mining activities, erosion caused by anthropogenic factors, etc., which can easily result in its degradation. The unplanned land use increases the risks of degradation and reduction of the land resource. Chemical pollution, unfavourable physical and mechanical characteristics, disruption and accumulation processes, infrastructural occupancy of land represent only few forms of the land degradation. The largest portion of the land in the Republic of Serbia is covered by forests, and only then agricultural, water and construction land. The land use, management and protection is regulated by legislation and planning documents, which are the object of this paper. In the first part of the document analysis, the focus is on the review of the relevant laws adopted in Serbia, such as the Law on Forests, the Law on Spatial Planning and Construction, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Land Protection, and the Law on Agricultural Land, bearing in mind the fact that the legislation forms a basis for further implementation of the planning management and supervision of the land use of all types and purposes. The other part of the review deals with the planning acts as pioneering documents in the integral overview of space, and/or all the activities in it. To that purpose, several spatial plans for different types of areas and different primary functions of land use have been chosen. In its conclusion, this paper explains the symbiosis of legislation and planning documents, and/or their implementation, as well as the significance of such symbiosis for the land function and its sustainable utilisation in the Republic of Serbia.

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika), 2017

Agricultural land represents a country’s natural heritage. Therefore, land protection is an issue that is the subject of various legislative measures, also including those that affect land fragmentation. Land fragmentation is a problem that hinders the effective use of land. In 1995, Slovak lawmakers adopted Law 180/1995 Coll., which prevents the fragmentation of land under a minimum size. The aim of this paper was to determine whether Slovak legislation concerning land fragmentation is effective and prevents this phenomenon. We compare the Slovak legislation with the legislations of other countries, and, further, we describe the existing situation with respect to land fragmentation in the individual regions of the country according to the requirements of Slovak legal regulations. The results include proposals for the potential amendment of the legal regulation to ensure the effective prevention of land fragmentation.

Ecological Engineering, 2019

The results of long-term screening of sediments from the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2017 are presented, more than 80% of the samples of which were taken from fishponds. The total sediment volume of Czech Republic fishponds is estimated to be 197 mil. m 3. Quality of the sediment is impacted by numerous factors. Sediment may be used for land application, etc., as long as it abides with legislation limits. All results from our database, containing some 200 sites, have been compared with the Decree regulating the conditions for the application of sediments on agricultural land. We have evaluated toxic metals (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, Cd), organic pollutants (C10-C40, BTEX, PAH, PCB, DDT) and nutrient volume. The assessment of results reveal the average concentrations of evaluated metals to have the following ranking: Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The most frequent excesses of the limit listed in Decree No. 257/2009 Sb. were reported for cadmium (21 sites, i.e. 13.2%). In the case of organic pollutants, the worst pollutant exceeded the limits for 7.2% of sites. DDT volume values were all below the threshold. The ratio between available nutrients and overall nutrient volume was: 0.5% P; 1.3% N; 48.1% Na; 20.4% Mg; 5.8% K; and 65.7% Ca. Pechar et al., 2003) One report states that more than 50% of arable land in the Czech

Geografie

The formation processes of small valleys and long-term anthropogenic impact on its sedimentary archives may be studied by GIS, sedimentology and investigation into spatial and vertical geochemical characteristics in the context of mining activities. The case study from the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands with well documented medieval mining activities demonstrates the typical dynamics of a small valley during the last centuries and also the possible rate of human impact. The information value of the floodplain record as well as the development of the landscape geomorphology is discussed. The infilling of the river bottom is comprised of two main lithological units keeping information about medieval mining and ore processing as well as about past and recent agricultural activities. The most recent land use influenced the aggradation of the valley bottom less than land use during the Medieval times.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

Quality is one of the most important risk indicators in river basins. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating water and sediment quality has a very important role in process of risk management. The aim of the monitoring is provide for the sustainability of water bodies and these results are the basis for the risk management in the river catchment area. Hornad, Laborec and Poprad are the rivers in Eastern Slovakia. Hornad and Laborec belongs to basin of Danube and Poprad belongs to basin of Vistula. Sediment sampling was carried out according to ISO 5667-6. Monitoring was carried out in the spring on 2017–2018. The chemical composition of sediments was determined by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using SPECTRO iQ II (Ametek, Germany, 2000). The results of sediment quality evaluated by method PERI revealed that the quality of sediment in 2018 was better than 2017. Results of XRF analysis of sediments were compared with the limited values according to the Slovak Act 188/2003 Coll. of L...