Social cartography

Over the past twenty years, agricultural biotechnologies have generated chronically unresolved political controversies. The standard tool of risk assessment has proven to be highly limited in its ability to address the panoply of concerns that exist about these hybrid techno/organisms. It has also failed to account for both the conceptual and material networks of relations agricultural biotechnologies require, create and/or perform. This paper takes as a starting point that agricultural biotechnologies cannot be usefully assessed as isolated technological entities but need to be evaluated within the context of the broader socio-ecological system that they embody and engender. The paper then explores, compares and contrasts some of the methodological tools available for advancing this systems-based perspective. The article concludes by outlining a new synthesis approach of comparative cartographies of agri/cultures generated through multi-sited ethnographic case-studies, which is proposed as a way to generate system maps and enable the comparison of genetically modified (GM) food with both conventional and alternative agri-food networks for sustainability assessment. The paper aims to make a unique theoretical and methodological contribution by advancing a systems-based approach to conceptualising and assessing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and proposing a synthesised methodology for mapping networks of relations across different agri/cultures.

As Higher Education undergoes a massive expansion in demand globally, and experiences financial pressures exacerbated by the global financial crisis of 2008, the sector is evolving rapidly. Market pressures on the sector encourage the search for additional income and new forms of provision, and private providers are increasingly entering the sector. At the same time, the HE sector has seen the appearance of many flexible online courses and qualifications, delivered by new configurations of providers and partnerships, including by parties new to the sector, through a process of disaggregating educational provision into its component parts, or 'unbundling'. Whilst these changes may offer opportunities for increased numbers of learners to access education and thus contribute to economic prosperity, there is very little empirical research about the nature, process and impact of this unbundling and rebundling of educational provision, as it is playing out in this rapidly reconfiguring space. This paper reports data on South African Higher Education from the research project 'The Unbundled University: Researching emerging models in an unequal landscape', a project which explores the terrain in both South Africa and the UK. South Africa is deemed the most unequal country in the world and its HE system is under pressure, demonstrated in part by rising fees, student protests and calls for decolonised education, whilst online education is viewed by some, including the South African Government, as a way to increase access. Using a new dataset systematically collected from the public domain, data visualisation is employed to bring a novel perspective to the educational provision being offered using digital technology (and the private companies partnering with universities in South Africa to provide it), to uncover patterns of activity and their relationship to existing patterns of inequality in the HE sector. Using mapping, or social cartography, this paper reveals patterns and relationships which are otherwise not so obvious. Significantly, the maps reveal relationships between universities and private companies which appear to reflect existing inequalities, insofar as private companies partner almost exclusively with historically advantaged, research intensive universities, with high international ranking and reputation. This paper argues that such partnerships do not disrupt an unequal terrain, but rather reflect and possibly reinforce the power asymmetries already at play.

Between the two world wars a new strain of cartography emerged in Europe, which disregarded the standards of precision of traditional geodesic, or scientific, cartography. Its scope was strictly political and its approach openly ideological. In Germany, cradle of this new genre, it was called 'geopolitische kartographie' or' suggestive kartographie'. These terms

Rosi Braidotti has said that: “The global system of post-industrial and newly industrializing worlds … function … in a fragmented and all-pervasive manner …. [yet] power relations in globalization are more ruthless than ever,” (Angelaki J, Theor Humanit 17(2):169–176, 2012, p. 169). In order to deal with ruthless power relations in education, this chapter builds an activist framework for research based on the writing of Félix Guattari (Schizoanalytic cartographies (Trans, A. Goffey). Bloomsbury, London, 2013). Guattari moved beyond analytical frameworks to express the relationships contained in superdiversity (Vertovec, Ethnic Racial Stud 30(6):1024–1054, 2007), capitalism and subjectivity. This chapter explains the unconscious diagram from Guattari and applies it to young Muslims in Australia on Facebook and Sudanese families in Australia.

How can the process of “becoming learner” be observed, documented, and shared? What methodology could be used to discuss nomadic qualities of learning mobilities? This article argues in favor of an arts-based research approach, specifically social cartography, as a tool that can encourage young people to reflect on their identity as learners. Attentive to the deterritorializations, transgressions, and disruptions that characterize the learning process, it develops a mobile strategy for following the learner. This argument engages the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari to explore a pedagogical framework that expands our social imaginary of learning.

VER NUEVA PUBLICACIÓN 2018: "CARTOGRAFÍA SOCIAL TEORÍA Y MÉTODO" https://www.academia.edu/41058193/Cartograf%C3%ADa_Social_Teor%C3%ADa_y_M%C3%A9todo

Las Cartografías Sociales se presentan como una nueva oportunidad de aplicación de formas de conocimiento y posibilidades de intervención social a nivel local. Reconocen desde su práctica una nueva forma de viajar a territorios inexplorados o poco conocidos, llegar ahí donde las significaciones cambian de forma o se tornan inestables, casi como un medio de transporte que nos lleva a los complejos laberintos de los discursos, las representaciones, las historias relatadas y no contadas.

La Cartografía Social, también es un instrumento de intervención, no sólo de conocimiento o aproximación, ya que, al actuar tan intensamente con los actores que forman parte de sus procesos de aplicación, generan en éstos nuevas inscripciones y marcas. Este mismo efecto es posible pensarlo a nivel territorial, ya que la Cartografía no sólo describe desde lo objetivo y lo subjetivo, sino que hace ver, aquello que pasa inadvertido, carente de articulación, o sentido inminente, recuperándolo y transformándolo muchas veces en un acontecimiento significativo a nivel territorial.
De este modo, la Cartografía como instrumento de intervención interactúa en forma irregular pero sostenida en los espacios y escenarios donde es aplicada.

En este libro, una serie de artículos dan cuenta de diferentes experiencias y análisis teóricos relacionados con este tema, que van desde la utilización de este recurso en diferentes áreas hasta la reflexión teórica sobre el. Desde allí se hace inevitable que los textos dialoguen entre si generando síntesis y controversias que conllevan a una ampliación de la mirada que este instrumento de intervención nos proporciona. Así se construyen desde diferentes formas de presentación de textos una serie de encuentros y desarrollos. Estos van desde el diálogo entre la Geografía y el Trabajo Social, donde la Cartografía Social se presenta como un instrumento de intervención y conocimiento. Por otra parte, se construye un interesante desarrollo entre las cartografías sociales, la planificación y la transmisión de conocimiento, tanto a nivel académico como extra universitario, mostrando la posibilidad de reproducción de nuevas relaciones entre la investigación, la docencia y la extensión universitaria. De diferente manera en todos los trabajos que atraviesan este libro se producen distintas formas de conjunción entre, conocimiento, intervención y transformación, en que lo que sobresale es la importancia del lugar que se confiere a la voz de los protagonistas en un ir y venir constante donde cartografiar es también rencontrarse con aspectos de la propia subjetividad, produciendo efectos inesperados en unos y otros que permiten re pensar la noción de Geografía Social.

Por otra parte dentro del libro se presenta la visión que metaforiza a la ciudad como un cuerpo, proponiendo a la cartografía como un instrumento de exploración de esa corporalidad con forma urbana. Desde una perspectiva que ajusta los aspectos instrumentales del tema se trabaja el encuentro y síntesis de las Cartografías Sociales con los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, haciendo más profunda la posibilidad de aplicación de ésta como dispositivo de Intervención Social.

Esta publicación tiene signos de oportunidad, de ocasión de encontrar nuevas puertas de acceso a nuevas formas de construcción dentro de las Ciencias Sociales, generando una integración que supera las controvertidas discusiones acerca de los campos, las incumbencias y la desgastada puja entre teoría y práctica.

La práctica metodológica de Cartografía Social, es cada vez más frecuente en los espacios de investigación e intervención tanto universitaria como social. Así, se plantea un ajuste en su instrumen-
tación y una sistematización de la implementación con el propósito de colaborar con el estudio y aplicación de esta metodología. Paralelamente, se describe la aplicación de Cartografía Social en el Barrio Dunas de la ciudad de Pelotas, como experiencia de investigación-intervención desprendida del método cartográfico deleuziano. Se analizan los resultados obtenidos en función de esta metodología tanto desde las dinámicas territoriales; comunicacionales y grupales, como así también la disposición de los cuerpos en la obra productiva. El artículo, hace fuerza en el carácter productivo de la experiencia colectiva, como práctica para la transformación social y la creación de nuevas y alternativas miradas del espacio geográfico.

The methodological practice of Social Cartography is increasingly common in university and social areas of research and intervention. Therefore, adjusting its instrumentation and systematizing the
implementation is suggested in order to contribute to the study and application of this methodology. At the same time, the application of Social Cartography in the neighborhood of Dunes in the city of Pelotas is described as an experience of research and intervention deduced from the Deleuze cartographic method. The results based on this methodology are analyzed from their territorial, communication, and group dynamics, as well as the arrangement of bodies in the productive work. The article emphasizes the productive nature of the collective experience, as a practice for the social transformation and the creation of new and alternative views about the geographic space.

This paper reflects on practical and conceptual lessons acquired as a result of our participation in a project of self-demarcation of indigenous lands in Venezuela. The project was based on a collaboration between academics from the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) and local communities of the Jodï and Eñepa ethnic groups. The goal was to prepare maps of community lands and compile all of the documentation required to petition the Venezuelan State for the land title. The first point proves the importance of alliances among local communities and external actors (such as academy-trained researchers) in order to navigate the complicated route of ethno-cartographic documentation and bureaucratic motions that leads from the theoretical recognition of territorial rights to the real and effective tenure over the land. Such collaborations imply the integration of complementary capabilities but also the mutual understanding of dissimilar perceptions and interests. In the second place, we analyze the ambiguity of the State in regards to Indian land rights recognition throughout the Bolivarian constitutional period, as reflected in various contradictions between written laws and legal practices, the separate actions and attitudes of different government agents at regional and national levels, the inconsistencies in the institutional authorities and application of norms established to promote the demarcation process, the legal lacunae or recurrent changes in the rules regarding the petition of land rights recognition, among other aspects that have impeded reaching the final goal of indigenous land demarcations: obtaining legal title or ownership rights over their lands. Third, the multiple realities of the map are evidenced by spatial-temporal polysemy, which have forced us to recognize the different ways of perceiving and experiencing space and time among non-western peoples, for example internalized in daily life yet externalized in symbolic representations at the same time. Lastly, we explore how indigenous territories can contribute to biocultural conservation policy. We conclude with the observation that collaborative projects geared toward community mapping and land demarcation, in which local community members and academic researchers participate actively in tandem, offer a promising venue for advancing ethnoecological research.

This book offers an unusual perspective on geographical maps. It challenges the widespread notion that the map is a mirror, a faithful rendition of a geographic region, and the objective product of scientific and technical expertise alone. The book highlights the cultural and ideological determinants that guide cartographic drawing, and that can spell the difference between a simple aid to orientation and a powerful and compelling instrument having the ability to manufacture consent, serve vested interests and back  political projects.
This book, the only scientific treatise on 20th century Italian cartography published to date, uses Italy as a case study in order to analyze how political dynamics and vested interests may influence mapping in a given country. Bearing in mind that cartography reflects the dominant geographic models and categories of society, the striking differences between atlases published during the Liberal, Fascist and Republican eras of Italian history are not surprising. The study explores the causes underlying these differences, presented with the help of numerous illustrations and accompanied by detailed commentary.
Of particular interest, in light of the objectives of the study, is an in-depth analysis of the circumstances surrounding the growth of cartographic publishing in Italy during the Fascist era, including  ties between publishing houses and the establishment. Fascist Italy, overtly intent on rising to become a regional power, did not limit itself to military development plans. It also made efforts to put together its very own cartographic arsenal, often availing itself of the services of compliant  publishing houses. This literature, addressed to the general public, was designed to persuade the population of the good geographical sense in conducting an aggressive foreign policy. Most atlases published in the 1930s, for example, highlight the issue of Italy's colonies, presenting them as a homogeneous aggregate or unified body. Some atlases go so far as to include Libya, the Dodecanese archipelago, Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea in a single map. These atlases, grouping countries by the colonial power that controls them while ignoring the differences that exist between them, or the fact that they do not necessarily even border on each other, clearly apply a strictly ideological and political criterion.
It should be recognized however, that during the Fascist era, Italy produced maps of very high technical standards; maps that were equally, or even more sophisticated than those published in other countries. This was also due to the fact that the regime invested in cartography, staked on it, considering it a useful aid to government policy. But while the regime favoured the spread of geographic culture among the general public, it also exercised very tight control over the production of maps and atlases, especially since the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, carrying the instrumental use of cartography for propaganda purposes to  extremes. Supported by the regime, Italian cartography thrived, but there was a price to be paid:  mapmakers had to conform.

Concebimos a la Cartografía Social como un proceso productivo que implica una sucesión de eventos y fases en torno a la conjunción de representaciones colectivas y transformaciones a partir de la producción de nuevos sentidos espaciales. Nuestra experiencia nos ha demostrado nuevos espacios de producción y deconstrucción de lo que entendemos como mapa, texto, proyección, e ingresamos así en una necesaria interdisciplinariedad que nos permita abordar un texto cartográfico colectivo que deconstruye la noción de cartografía tradicional. Mediante un breve recorrido sobre este método y práctica, proponemos profundizar en los ejes que hacen a su aplicación. El principal objetivo teórico–metodológico del artículo es el aporte que podamos ofrecer a la  investigación, extensión e intervención social, desde una perspectiva de comunión entre estos espacios de acción. En este sentido, consideramos la sección Intervenciones de la presente convocatoria, como un espacio acorde a los fines y contribuciones del siguiente artículo. Finalmente, cabe resaltar que a partir dela experiencia de ocho años de trabajo con Cartografía Social, en 2014 se creó la Cátedra Libre de Cartografía Social, en el seno de la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, a partir de la cual se han dictado múltiples cursos y talleres tanto en Argentina como en Brasil, Uruguay, Costa Rica y Mozambique.

Today the scientific world shows great interest in visual culture. This is a transversal phenomenon to national disciplines and contexts, given that the same tendency to reorient knowledge and organize it around visual paradigms is to be found in different areas of contemporary western thought.
In this reevaluation of the visual culture is collocated the present rediscovery of the heuristic value of the geographical map, the use of which today has undoubtedly crossed the narrow ambit of geographical studies to find growing use with specialists of other disciplines too, attracted by the capacity of maps to synthetically highlight significant spatial correlations of the phenomena being studied.
Nonetheless, like every scientific instrument it comes up with processes of adaptation to the changing scientific contexts, just as the traditional Cartesian configuration of the map needs to be updated in order to be in line with the new post-modern scientific paradigms and with the reality of the contemporary world.
The analysis of these dynamics of contemporary cartography is here traced back to the case of a specific cartographic method: the choropleth map, or mosaic diagram. This represents one of the most fortunate intuitions in the history of cartography, introduced by Charles Dupin in 1826 and is an exemplary application of positivist scientific thought. Even though the introduction of the choropleth map was the start of a fruitful period for the subject with the ceaseless development of statistical cartography, today it seems inadequate for the understanding of the multi-faceted contemporary reality.
After highlighting the reasons for the success of the choropleth map, this paper makes a number of considerations on its present limitations and the need, as far as cartographical studies are concerned, to press on beyond the frontier of innovation. In particular, stimulating starting points to reason on the future of the geographical map are offered by the recent success of the anamorphic maps.

Keywords: cartography, visual culture, choropleth maps, Dupin, anamorphic maps

The presentation aiming to show the mapping experiment of Battir shared with the pupils from the valley to the historic center of their village, in order to experiment the use of the topographic maps initially produced from the survey orchestrated at Battir Landscape Ecomuseum in Palestine (supported by UNESCO between 2007-2011, maintained and updated from Paris since 2012). The data of Battir have been designed in OCAD in order to suggest a series of orienteering activities to promote on site the use of the Battiri Collections of Topographic Data http://www.coasign.fr/?p=1465. From the Landscape to the Map: how to observe each surrounding feature and its representation ? How to locate it on the map ? How to choose the way to reach it ? Which best way driving us from a point to another ? How maps help us to understand better our space and landscape ? How do maps help us to share the knowledge about our patrimony ? What is exactly the power of maps in communication ?
We proposed the very first orienteering activities for the children of Battir. http://orienteering.org/map-project-in-palestine/  From the Basic School for Girls and the School for Boys, these activities aimed to share great moments walking together, running, trying to find control marks placed in the landscape for listing them on the map, shouting and laughing at each control reached! Later, through the activities of Battir Public Library, children of surrounding villages have been invited to share orienteering in this village thousands-of-years-old.

Keywords: Mapping - Orienteering - Survey - Topographic Map - Communication - Battir - Palestine - Unesco - ENSG-CO-ASIGN - les Cafés-cartographiques

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@ICC2017-ORIENTEERING ACTIVITIES IN BATTIR, Palestine, Unesco World Heritage Site since June 2014.
Session Date: Tuesday, July 4, 2017
Session Time: 2:50 PM - 3:50 PM
Session Title: Multifacetic Cartography for Children http://www.eventscribe.com/2017/ICC/assets/handouts/419794.pdf
by Jasmine Desclaux-Salachas —Cartographer, University Denis Diderot Paris 7 - UMR Géographie-Cités 8504 / PhD « CARTOGRAPHY & EDUCATION » ;
National School of Geographic Sciences ; les Cafés-Cartographiques.
http://icc2017.org/schedule-at-a-glance/
28th International Cartographic Conference of the International Cartographic Association.

Este documento compila los resultados de la actividad “Mapa Parlante”, realizada durante la Semana de la Biodiversidad y los Servicios Ecosistémicos”, realizada del 11 al 14 de septiembre en el Jardín Botánico de Bogotá. Se presenta igualmente el planteamiento conceptual y metodológico de la actividad, el análisis de los resultados y conclusiones.

In opposition to the classical assumption that would see maps as neutral and objective products, deconstructionist critique has long explained their ideological and instrumental nature. This decisive intellectual reorientation of the conception of the map has clearly shown that maps conceal within a power of persuasion and that they have served discourses of power. But the deepening of the relationship between maps, authority and scholars via this approach has granted prominence to the first two elements, leaving the third in a distinctly subordinate position.
Reassessing the figure of scholars and their cartographic practices, this chapter addresses the issue from a still largely unexplored angle, looking into graphical solutions chosen to depict power, in the belief that these solutions have helped to shape the interpretation of the spatiality of power, and influence the very exercising of it.
Thus reversing the perspective, and that is investigating the maps of power rather than the power of maps, or the power over maps, it is reconstructed here by means of many empirical examples: those scholars and cartographic genres that have told the history of the spatial representation of power. In this way it also intends to favour an approach to the history of cartography that can organically place it within the more general framework of the history of visual culture and visual arts.

This article assumes the form of an essay that comes from a period of nearly twenty months of fieldwork in Manchester, UK. It explores the relationship between territory, social space, place and belonging within the community. It offers a theoretical point of view from a sociocultural and anthropological perspective to understand the relationships between identity and belonging that develop within the local communities, especially in the context of a Council Estate in the United Kingdom. The main argument is developed around the question of how social relationships are embodied in the complex fabric of local territory, social space and shared places. This article establishes a bridge between these ideas that allows to argue that all exist thanks
to the collective coexistence and the networks of relations that are constructed historically and that also allow to establish a simultaneity of stories-so-far. Distinctions are made through the histories woven between “we” and “Others”.

Los niñ@s son seres que no son tenidos en cuenta para tratar los temas de ciudad, a pesar que ellos y ellas están presentes todo el tiempo dentro de esta con estructuras específicas para su uso. Por tanto, investigo las percepciones de niños y niñas de la ciudad de Santa Marta en Colombia con el fin de realizar una interpretación de la ciudad desde la visión de aquellos que viven el espacio utilizando para este fin talleres de cartografía social encontrando las representaciones que ell@s generar con el espacio que habitan y así encontrar relaciones de topofilia y topofobias dentro de la misma. Palabras clave: cartografía social, ciudad, percepción, niñ@s, pedagogía. " La ciudad de Santa Marta es muy bonita, me encanta mucho, la quiero con toda mi alma, siempre la voy a adorar, vivo en ella y la protegeré " (Escrito de un niño samario de 11 años, 24 de abril de 2012) La percepción es un elemento esencial en la construcción de escenarios y de realidades, es por ello que las condiciones individuales y grupales (Estébanez, 1979) forman el entramado de las características urbanas y es así como l@s niñ@s comienzan a hacer una interpretación mental de lo que es la ciudad, de lo que esta es y puede ser representada en mapas cognitivos que son de uso cotidiano para la ubicación, la apropiación y el conocimiento. Es así como la ciudad se convierte en un escenario de interacción que está presente en todo momento en la vida de los estudiantes, ya que ell@s mism@s son parte esencial de la cotidianidad y de los procesos que se desarrollan en este espacio, sin olvidar que la participación que ejercen los niñ@s dentro de la ciudad está limitada por la edad y la falta de interacción política que los mismo tienen en los espacios tanto urbanos como rurales. De esta forma la ciudad adquiere diferentes matices que se sobreponen constantemente y que sobresalen en los significados que l@s niñ@s le dan, clasificando, categorizando y memorizándolo como parte de su realidad. Esta realidad corresponde a los lugares que l@s pequeñ@s ven, formando una imagen compleja que se convertirá en un paisaje dinámico de referencia constante para poder encontrarse así mismos dentro de la ciudad. De esa forma la interpretación de sendas, hitos, nodos y barrios –áreas-(Lynch, 1998) son importantes para comprender el acercamiento de l@s niñ@s con su espacio, son elementos perceptivos significativos, pues generan una imagen especifica e individual de la ciudad, que establece relaciones especificas con el territorio. Esto involucra que las representaciones y las discusiones están dentro de lugares reales por los cuales se transita constantemente, que son usados y en los cuales se forma su propia cotidianidad, sin dejar de lado que el espacio