Silkworm Genetics and Breeding

2025, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research

Sericulture is a practice of large scale rearing of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Mulberry is the sole food of the silkworm and the quality of mulberry directly affects the cocoon yield both qualitatively and quantitatively. Amylase... more

STUDIES ON AMYLASE ACTIVITY IN POPULAR BIVOLTINE DOUBLE HYBRID FC 1 XFC 2 OF THE SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. USING FORTIFIED MULBERRY

2025, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research

The popular bivoltine double hybrid namely FC1XFC2 of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. was selected for the present investigation. Spirulina and soya flour were used to fortify the mulberry leaf at 200, 300 and 400 ppm; additionally distilled... more

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE GROWTH PARAMETERS IN TWO TREE TYPE MULBERRY VARIETIES TREATED WITH FOLIAR FORMULATIONS

2025, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research

Mulberry (Morus sp.) is a deep rooted high biomass producing foliage crop cultivated as sole food for feeding of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. But due to repeated harvests and soil problems, mulberry exhibits nutrient deficiencies in... more

National Silkworm Seed Organisation (NSSO) : Role and functions for sustainable Indian Sericulture Industry

2025, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research

The life cycle of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. comprises of four stages viz. egg, larva, pupa and moth. The silkworm egg are of two types, reproductive and hybrid seed. The silkworm egg production is a major activity in sustenance of... more

İpek ve İpekçilik Kitabı / Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde İpekböcekçiliği ve Geleneksel El Sanatlarından Koza İşi

by Güven Şahin

2025, İpek ve İpekçilik Kitabı

Impact of Seasonal Variations on Filament Length and Non-Broken Filament Length in Relation to Silk Reeling Performance

by Arun Kumar and

2025, Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology

Mulberry silk production in West Bengal and northeastern India, primarily involving bivoltine and multi-bi hybrid silkworm varieties, is a cornerstone of the sericulture industry. However, seasonal climatic variations, characterized by... more

Sericin as Novel Microbial Culture Medium: Proportion Optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Towards Environmental Health Improvement

by Sibtain Ahmed

2025, Chemistry Africa

To produce valuable fermented products, microbial growth requires different microbial cultures, which can be expensive and readily unavailable worldwide. So, developing countries spend large amounts of money to import such microbial... more

Detection of Probiotic Bacteria Ligilactobacillus salivarius in the Midgut of Eri Silkworm (Samia ricini, donovan) Collected from Borduar, Assam

by Arcc Journals

2025, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 59 Issue 7 (July 2025)

Background: Eri silkworm rearing, crucial to Assam's economy, faces severe productivity threats from disease and crop loss. These challenges impact farmers' livelihoods, highlighting the urgent need for innovative solutions to boost... more

İstanbul Fransız Ticaret Odası’na Göre Osmanlı Devleti’nde Yerli İpek Böceği Tohumu Üretimi ve Rekabet (1890-1912)

by Turkish Journal of History and

2025, İstanbul Fransız Ticaret Odası’na Göre Osmanlı Devleti’nde Yerli İpek Böceği Tohumu Üretimi ve Rekabet (1890-1912)

Öz Fransız menşeili ipek böceği tohumları, 1870′lerden itibaren Osmanlı ipek böceği tohumu piyasasına hâkim olmuştu. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı'nın son döneminde Düyûn-ı Umûmiyye tarafından yürütülen yerli ipek böceği tohumu üretim... more

Income and employment generation potential of Uganda's sericulture industry: An economic analysis

by Demas L Kutosi and

2025, International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

Sericulture, an agro-based cottage industry involving mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing, and silk reeling, plays a crucial role in Uganda's rural economy by generating employment and improving livelihoods. With a low capital... more

ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF MULBERRY PLANT IN VARIOUS ZONES OF KASHMIR VALLEY, INDIA

2025, Plant Archives

The success of sericulture industry is mainly based on leaf quality and the appropriate environmental conditions for silkworm rearing. This study was aimed to assess the quantitative characters of mulberry plants in spring and autumn... more

Comparative Screening of Elite Bivoltine Silkworm Breeds under Summer Conditions of Kashmir

2025, Annual Research & Review in Biology

The success of the sericulture industry largely depends upon the quality of mulberry leaf and type of silkworm breed reared on these leaves. The rearing of season specific silkworm breeds can be instrumental in the successful rearing... more

Comparative Screening of Elite Bivoltine Silkworm Breeds under Summer Conditions of Kashmir

2025

The success of the sericulture industry largely depends upon the quality of mulberry leaf and type of silkworm breed reared on these leaves. The rearing of season specific silkworm breeds can be instrumental in the successful rearing... more

Impact of leaves of different mulberry genotypes on nutritional efficiency of conversion parameters of silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

2025, Journal of Scientific Agriculture

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a domesticated insect widely used to produce silk worldwide for human consumption. B. mori is a monophagous insect that feeds on nutritious mulberry leaves to produce silk. The efficiency of conversion of... more

V i d ya war ta

by Dr.Sharyu V . Ghonmode

2025

Impact Factor 3.102 (IIJIF) Impact Factor 7.041(IIJIF)

Untitled

by Toheed IQBAL

2025

The performance of the Japanese race of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera) was studied at Sericulture Wing, Forest Department Peshawar under laboratory conditions of 25 + 2 ºC temperature and 70 + 10 % relative humidity in... more

Effect of light and dark exposure on the different life parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori L.(Bombycidae: Lepidoptera)

by Mian Inayatullah

2024, Sarhad Journal of …

The performance of the Japanese race of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera) was studied at Sericulture Wing, Forest Department Peshawar under laboratory conditions of 25 plus minus 2 degree C temperature and 70 plus minus... more

Table 2. Life cycle duration (days) of Bombyx mori kept under light and dark conditions at 25+5°C and 704+10%RH Further studies are needed to be done to investigate these and other life parameters at other temperature and relative humidity conditions with feeding various natural and artificial diets. From the present results, it is concluded that B. mori shows shorter life cycle, more cocoon weight, more shell weight, more shell ratio, more female: male ratio, less mortality, and maximum fecundity in dark conditions than in light conditions, when kept under the same conditions of humidity (704+10%) and

*Means followed by different letters are significantly different at 5% probability level (LSD) Anonymous., 1990. Sericulture in Pakistan. Pakistan J. Forestry. 4(2): 23-27.

Kltrel Mirasn Korunmasve Yaatlmas Semp Bildiri Kitab sayfalar 18 22

by AKMAN NİLGÜN and

2024, KÜLTÜREL MİRASIN KORUNMASI VE YAŞATILMASI

Abstract Around mid-16th century silk weaving had begun in mainly Bursa, İstanbul, Edirne, Amasya, Denizli, İzmir and Konya. Silk weaving became more varied due to increase in affordability and desire to get dressed beter. Starting from... more

Abstract
Around mid-16th century silk weaving had begun
in mainly Bursa, İstanbul, Edirne, Amasya, Denizli,
İzmir and Konya. Silk weaving became more varied
due to increase in affordability and desire to get dressed
beter. Starting from the first half of the 19th century
filature with steam powered were established under the
influence of the industrial revolution to spinning of silk
yarn. During the 19th century nearly 160 factories were
established in the Ottoman territory Even if production
had become compatible with the universal technological
standards of the era establishing of steam powered
filature lead to the dissolution of small hand spinning
enterprises. In the other hand, this development directed
people to silkworm breeding in order to respond the
necessity of cocoons.
After the administration of Düyun-u Umumiye
decided to establish a school of silk production called
“HarirDarü’t-Talimi” in order to develop this production
in Bursa and its close environment in 1888, Harir
Darül-Talimi which was opened in Bursa by Duyun-u
Umumiye was taken as a model and in Edirne, Diyarbakır,
Antalya and Denizli in 1921. In 1928 “Antalya
Silkworm School” established in Yenikapı and, in Alanya,
a county of Antalya, one more school was established
under the title of “ Alanya Silkworm School” in
1938. From the records obtained information about the
school can be reached until 1938. Unfortunately, these
institutions, which were established with great dedication
and effort, lost their effectiveness over time. Once
upon a time silkworm breeding which is considered to
be the most important source of livelihood for Alanya,
is being tried to live with various projects initiated by
Alanya Municipality in today. “Dim Women Strengthening
by Producing” and “Silk Hand” are the most successful
examples. Even though the education given in
the courses differ, the goal is to educate conscious producers.
In this context, the study is based on two main
topics. The first is to give information about the education
given at the Alanya Silkworm School and and to
evaluate the projects and courses that are being carried
out in this direction in terms of sustainability.
Keywords: Alanya, Silkworm Breeding, Education,
Sustainability

H. i. Hakkı Altunbezer, babası ve dedesi

by Talip Mert

2024

Befl nesil hattat oldu¤u rivâyet edilen Altunbezer ailesinin hatt› bilinen, görülen, az çok hayat› kayda geçmifl ilk ferdi Hattat Ali fiükrü Efendi'dir. Hattat ol-duklar› rivâyet edilen Ali fiükrü Efendi'nin babas› Mehmed Efendi ile... more

How Do Butterflies Use Silk to Attach their Pupae to Trees

by Zhaoming Dong

2024

Butterflies constitute approximately 10% of lepidopteran insects, and along with silkworms, they can produce silk; however, this feature is often ignored. In the present study, we observed two primary methods used by butterflies to hang... more

Figure 1. Morphological observations of the cremaster and silk of Danaus chrysippus. (A) Pupa adheraena of D. chrysippus. (B—D) Stereomicrographs of the cremaster and silk pad. (E) Scanning electron micrograph of the cremaster hoks.

Figure 2. Morphological observations of the cremaster and silk of Papilio polytes. (A) Pupa contigua of P. polytes. (B,C) Stereomicrographs of the silk girdle. (D) Scanning electron micrograph of the silk girdle. (E,F) Stereomicrographs of the cremaster and silk pad. (G) Scanning electron micrograph of the cremaster and silk pad.

Figure 3. Number statistics and morphological simulation of the cremaster hooks. (A—D) The front, side, and back views of a cremaster hook. (E) The interaction between the cremaster and silk pad visualized through Dragonfly 3D rendering.

Figure 4. Morphological observations and mechanical performance of the silk girdle of Papilio polytes. (A,B) Stereomicrographs of the silk girdle. (C) Cross-section morphology of the silk girdle observed using scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 5. Comparisons of the mechanical performance of silk fibers from two silkworm (Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina) and two butterfly species (Danaus chrysippus and Papilio polytes). (A) Stress—strain curve. (B) Fracture strength. (C) Toughness. (D) Elastic modulus. (E) Elongation Error bars correspond to standard errors of the mean (n > 20).

Figure 6. Secondary structural characteristics of silk from two silkworm (Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina) and two butterfly species (Danau: chrysippus and Papilio polytes). (A) Deconvolution analysis of the amide III band. (B) #-Sheet content of silk.

Effect of Different Maturity Mulberry Leaves on Biology of Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L

by VK Bhamare

2024, Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology Volume 27, Issue 10, Page 373-379, 2024; Article no.JABB.1ISSN: 2394-1081

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding mulberry leaves of different maturity stages-tender, medium, and coarse on the biology of bivoltine silkworms (Bombyx mori L.), with the goal of enhancing sericulture practices... more

Table 1. Effect of feeding different maturity leaves of mulberry on the biology of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) 3.5 Hatching Percentage 86.56%. Additionally, Krishnaprasad et al. 2002b) observed a hatchability of 94.41% with ender leaves during winter, while soiled leaves during summer resulted in a lower hatchability of 87.52%. Kale et al. (2017) further supported hese results, noting a hatching percentage of 94.33% with tender leaves. The current study's results affirm that tender leaves consistently lead o the’ highest hatching percentages, underscoring their critical role in optimizing reproductive success and _ enhancing _ silk production efficiency.

Studies On The Application Of Heterosis For Evaluation Of Bivoltine Silkworm Hybrids For Tropical Conditions

by Mandala Srilatha

2024, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 12, Issue 5, May-2021 ISSN 2229-5518

The main aim of silkworm breeders is to develop promising bivoltine breeds to suit to the tropical conditions of India. Ultimate results in silkworm breeding are judged by the excellence of the characters of the parental strains that... more

Development of cocoon colour sex-limited breeds/foundation crosses of silkworm Bombyx mori L. in the production of commercial hybrid

by Mandala Srilatha

2024, International journal of applied research

Indian sericulture industry depends on Poly x Bivoltine hybrids and are being reared over decades. The crossbreeds are prepared through the mating of polyvoltine female with bivoltine male parent. Which involves sex separation of pupae in... more

Table 1: Performance of sex-limited breeding lines References

Evaluation of New Foundation Crosses of Thermotolerant Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori) for their Tolerance to Muscardine Disease

by Thrilekha Durgam

2024, Evaluation of New Foundation Crosses of Thermotolerant Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori) for their Tolerance to Muscardine Disease

An investigation was conducted to assess the performance of new bivoltine silkworm foundation crosses viz., (B1 × B2), (B1 × B4), (B2 × B4) and (B6 × B8) under two different stress conditions i.e., high temperature treatment (36 ± 1ºC)... more

Genetic variability analysis of some bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) breeds

by Shabir A H M A D Bhat

2024, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Nineteen bivoltine silkworm breeds of varied eco-geographical origin were analysed for genetic variability for eleven economic traits. The study revealed significant differences among the breeds in traits studied. On the basis of... more

Evaluation of genetic potential of Bivoltine silkworm race for breeding programme in Vietnam

by Nguyen Thi Nhai

2024, International Journal of Industrial Entomology

In the present study, twelve bivoltine silkworm races were evaluated for its performance based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Seven oval and five peanut cocoon shaped races were reared in different seasons of the year. By using... more

The mean value of eight important economic traits such as fecundity, pupation rate, cocoon yeild, cocoon whole weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, filament lenght, and reelability were considered for the evaluation. Table 1. Certain phenotypic traits and origin of the silkworm races studied. Pupation rate (%) = (No. of good cocoons + (No. of double cocoonsx2)) x100/ (larvae retained after 3 rd moult—uzi infestated particular trait; C is standard deviation; 50 is constant.

In the peanut races, the lowest fecundity was recorded in An902 (485), hightest in 7532 (587). There was not a significant difference for fecundity betweer silkworm races, and cocoon yield of Tuong (8.87 kg) was lowest than other races, and the difference was significant. The Tuong race also had lowest pupation rate (69.63%). Maximum cocoon weight was recorded in 7532 (1.47 g) which showed minimum shell ratio (19.07%). The highest cocoon shell ratio and filament lenght were in An902 (21.91%, 862 m), reelability of An902 (80.86%) was lowest among the peanut cocoon races. There were not significant difference in filament lengt between silkworm races (Table 3) Table 3. Mean performance of peanut type silkworm breeds

The fecundity of oval races ranged between 370 (Phu) and 599 (KoZ) and the difference was significant. The highest cocoon yield was recoded in 75xin (12.37 kg) and the lowest cocoon yield was in Phu (8.93 kg) that also was lowest in pupation rate (survival) (67.07%). The hightest pupation rate was in A2xt (88.44%). Single cocoon weight and filement length were highest in KoZ (1.53 g, 840 m). The cocoon shell weight of 75 xin, KoC, KoZ and Fukang were higher than A2xt, Phu and 932 and the difference was significant. Cocoon shell ratio of almost silkworm races were found more than 20% except Phu (19.56%). Phu was found to be lowest in filement lenght (535 m) and reelibility (59.87%). There were significant differences in filament lenght of differnce silkworm race (Table 2). Table 2. Mean performance of oval type silkworm races

Table 5. EI values for different traits of peanut cocoon races and their ranking based on mean EI value Table 4. EI values for different traits of oval cocoon silkworm races and their ranking based on mean EI value

ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐA DẠNG DI TRUYỀN TẰM DÂU BẰNG TRÌNH TỰ NUCLEOTIDE GEN COI

by Nguyen Thi Nhai

2024, Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences

tằm tơ Trung ương 2 Khoa Công nghệ sinh học, Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam 3 Khoa Chăn nuôi, Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam

Age specific life table of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori’Linn. race NB4D2 x SH6 at two different temperatures ranges under laboratory conditions

by Harsh Singh

2024, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science

The study on age specific life table of Bombyx mori Linn. race NB4D2 x SH6 reared on leaves of mulberry (Morus alba) plant variety S-1 at two different temperatures viz. control temperature (25 ± 1 °C) with 75 ± 5% relative humidity and... more

Who Invented the Silk Bulletproof Vest?

by Lloyd Strickland

2024, The Conversation

According to recent reports, both the Chinese and Americans are now developing body armour using the silk from genetically-modified silkworms. Using silk to make bulletproof vests is not a new idea, however. The invention of the silk... more

Impact of Road Dust Polluted Mulberry Leaves on the Food Ingestion, Assimilation and Conversion Efficiency of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L. In Kashmir Valley

by IRFAN ILLAHI

2024, The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences

The present investigation was carried out to ascertain the possible effect of feeding the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. with road dust polluted mulberry leaves on the food consumption, assimilation and conversion efficiency using silkworm... more

The observations related to the deposition of the road dust on the mulberry leaves shows that varied amount of dust deposition takes place on the mulberry leaves in proportion to the distance from the national highway NH-1A (Table 1). T he deposition of the dust on the mulberry leaves decreases proportionately as the distance from the road increases. Highest amount of road dust deposition on the mulberry leaves was observed at Site A located within 30 m proximity from the highway and were significantly highest than the Site B. The dust concentration on the leaves from both he plots increases as the period of exposure increases, but the dust accumulation on the leaves from the site A is far more than the leaves from site B. For our convenience in the further study, the leaves from the site A were regarded as the extreme dust polluted leaves (EDP) and the leaves from the site B were regarded as the low dust pollu ed leaves (LDP).

Figures in a column superscripted by same alphabet(s) are not different from each other by least significant difference at p=0.05 ‘able 3: Effect of Dust Polluted Mulberry Leaves on the Nutritional Parameters of Silkworm Larvae in the 5'" Instar Table 2: Effect of Road Dust Polluted Mulberry Leaves on the Nutritional Parameters of Silkworm Larvae in the 4"" Instar

ures in a column superscripted by same alphabet(s) are not different from each other by least significant difference at p=0.05

Effect of Mite Infested Mulberry Leaves on Rearing Performance and Reeling Parameters of Silkworm , Bombyx Mori

by IRFAN ILLAHI

2024

Silkworms of SH6×NB4D2 hybrid were reared with mulberry leaves of selected varieties damaged by phytophagous mites to varied intensity during autumn season of 2010 and 2011 at CSR & TI, Pampore, Kashmir, India. Results revealed distinct... more

Bioeconomic Management of Biodiversity of Sericulture Genetic Resources in the Context of Sustainable Development in Romania

by Mirela Stoican

2024

4 "1 Decembrie 1918" University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Romania, alina_tabirca@yahoo.com. Abstract: Today’s society is a reaction to the excesses of a market economy that has not always been properly understood, thus leading... more

Studies on the performance of some silkworm, Bombyx mori L, hybrids during summer season in Kashmir

by Shabir A H M A D Bhat

2024, Journal of entomology and zoology studies

Eight newly evolved silkworm, Bombyx mori L, hybrids were evaluated for their performance in eight metric traits viz., fecundity, hatching, larval weight, yield per 10,000 larvae by number and by weight, single cocoon weight, single shell... more

Comparative performance of some bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) genotypes during different seasons

by Dr. Mir Nisar Ahmad

2024, Scientific Research and Essays

1 Division of Sericulture Mirgund, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shalimar Campus, Srinagar -191 121, India. 2 Division of Pant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural... more

Evaluation of the toxic effect of insecticide chlorantraniliprole on the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

by Thaís Bignotto

2024, Open Journal of Animal Sciences

The silkworm Bombyx mori feeds exclusively on mulberry leaves and is highly sensitive to pesticides in general. Although mulberry plantations are free of agrochemicals, pesticide drift can occur. Chlorantraniliprole, a novel insecticide... more

Influence of Micronutrients on the Food Consumption Rate and Silk Production of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Reared on Mulberry Plants Grown in a Mountainous Agro-Ecological Condition

by feli fel

2024, Frontiers in Physiology

The study involves analyzing the performance of bivoltine Bombyx mori larvae reared on different host plants varieties. The consumption rate (CR) of different strains of B. mori was high when fed with Jorhat and TR10 mulberry plant... more

Comparison of the Eggs and Cocoons Quality of Some Mulberry Silkworm Hybrid Bombyx mori L

by Yetti Heryati

2024, Jurnal Sylva Lestari

Sericulture is one of the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that can help Indonesians live better lives and support environmental improvement. Silk, as a product of sericulture, is one of the five NTFPs that Indonesia has identified as... more

Studies on the Origin and Cultural Value of Chinese Mulberry Culture

by African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences AFJHSS and

2024, African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

China has been founded on agriculture and mulberry trees since ancient times.The cultural belief under the mode of "men plowing and women weaving", as the emotional link of the cultural identity of the Chinese nation, restricts this... more

Figure 1: Mulberry Picking in the Warring States Tomb at Baihuatan Middle School, Chengdu Mr. Zhu Tianshun says that, according to the records of ancient Chinese books, the plants deified and worshiped by the ancients were the mulberry and the grain plants associated with agricultural production, followed by the peach, reed, yingpu, etc.2The mulberry was first mentioned in ancient Chinese plant worship, according to the results of Mr. Zhu’s study. In 1965, a bronze pot with a mulberry picking pattern was unearthed from the Baihuatan Middle School in Chengdu, China, during the Warring States period, showing a beautiful image of a mulberry picker in the sun (Figure 1).

Integrating the myths and legends about mulberry trees, such as “ Yi Yin was born in Kongsang” and “Confucius was born in Kongsang”, we found that they have the following common characteristics: first, the way of pregnancy is similar, and second, the birthplace is associated with mulberry trees." In a cultural sense, this suggests that the mulberry was a symbol of the ancient concept of fertility worship, representing life and fertility, and thus the myth of the mulberry giving birth to people could be generated.”

Figure 3: Secret Drama Diagram of Eastern Han Bricks

Influence of Micronutrients on the Food Consumption Rate and Silk Production of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Reared on Mulberry Plants Grown in a Mountainous Agro-Ecological Condition

by Ruth Lalfelpuii

2024, Frontiers in Physiology

The study involves analyzing the performance of bivoltine Bombyx mori larvae reared on different host plants varieties. The consumption rate (CR) of different strains of B. mori was high when fed with Jorhat and TR10 mulberry plant... more

Comparative study on some Romanian and Bulgarian silkworm hybrids with the aim of their introduction in the family sericultural seed farms - I. Economical characters of the egg and larva

by Gabriela Chioveanu

2024

SUMMARY The study was carried out to evaluate 19 Romanian and Bulgarian hybrids, with the aim of their introduction in the family sericultural seed farms. The experiment was made at experimental base of the Commercial Society “SERICAROM”... more

Table 1 Economical characters of the indigenous hybrids in the egg stage * Significant at 5% level; ** Significant at 1% level; *** Significant at 0.1% level

* Significant at 5% level; ** Significant at 1% level; *** Significant at 0.1% level Table 2 Economical characters of the Bulgarian hybrids in the egg stage

Table 3 Economical characters of the indigenous hybrids in the larvae stage * Significant at 5% level; ** Significant at 1% level; *** Significant at 0.1% level Py — Polyhedria; Fl — Flacheria; Pe — Pebrine; Mu - Muscardine

* Significant at 5% level; ** Significant at 1% level; *** Significant at 0.1% level Py — Polyhedria; Fl — Flacheria; Pe — Pebrine; Mu - Muscardine

Osmanli’Da Modern Zi̇raatin Geli̇şi̇mi̇ne Katki Sunan İki̇ Ermeni̇ Mütehassis: Hagop Amasyan Ve Kevork Torkomyan

by Mehmet Ali YILDIRIM

2024

Oz Osmanli Devleti’nde ayrilikci fikirlerin nuksetmeye basladigi XIX. yuzyilda ve ozellikle de soz konusu yuzyilin ikinci yarisinda Osmanli tabiiyetinde bulunan bircok Ermeni’nin devlet hizmetinde bulundugu asikârdir. Karsilikli guven ve... more

Impact of thermal stress on the haemolymphal proteins, biological and economical characters of the silkworm, bombyx mori L

by Rehab Taha

2024, Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of different thermal stresses on univoltine Bombyx mori embryos and grown larva in the terms of larval haemolymph proteins , biological and economical characters. The experiment was... more

Selection of the Silkworm Bombyx mori L. Breeding Resource Material

by Shabir A H M A D Bhat

2024, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Fig.1 Graphical representation of average evaluation index values of different economic characters The breeding of silkworm since long has been aimed towards evolving of superior and hardy breeds either by means of selection alone or by combining out crossing or backcrossing with selection in the subsequent generations. Combining ability is the most widely used biometrical tool in determining the genetic worthness of the parent / hybrid, while detecting the magnitude of the variability present in the organism (Arunachalam, 1994). Parents possessing high general combining ability and general combining ability considered for population development and for initiation of pedigree breeding as it are heritable and can be fixed. The final aim of the breeder is primarily to evolve a breed

Table.2 Parameter-wise status of silkworm breeds Table.1 Performance of selected bivoltine silkworm breeds

Table.3 Evaluation index for eleven commercial traits of silkworm breeds

Comparison of different selection strategies for mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori

by Ramin Abdoli

2023, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science

This study was conducted to determine optimum selection strategies for economically important traits in mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori. A total of 450 cocoons (225 males, 225 females) in each of two strains, 107 (Japanese) and 110... more

Studies on evaluation and identification of suitable bivoltine hybrids (Bombyx mori L.) for better productivity in Odisha

by Khasru Alam

2023, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Evaluation of selected hybrids during summer and ascertain brushing dates for introduction of additional cocoon crop under subtropical condition of Jammu (J & K)

by Sardar Singh

2023, International Journal of Chemical Studies

Since decades North Western India is harvesting only two cocoon crops of which only spring crop is popular among sericulture farming community. A diagnostic study was conducted at Regional Sericultural Research Station Jammu in 2018 to... more

Spring rearing performance by feeding temperate mulberry variety on bivoltine hybrid NB 4D2 × SH 6 of silkworm, Bombyx mori L

by Amardev Singh

2023

Two rearing performance of bivoltine hybrid viz., NB 4 D 2 ×SH 6 which was reared first time during the year 2011 and second time 2012 in the months of April-May (spring season) exhibited better performance. The data revealed that single... more

DIFFERENTIAL ADULT LIFESPAN AND STARVATION STRESS RESPONSES IN LABORATORY EVOLVED BIVOLTINE SILKWORM BREEDS OF BOMBYX MORI L

by International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences

2023, International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences

Silkworm breeding is majorly focused on balancing the progress of productive trait to generate profitability.However, with recurrent commercialization and utilization of such productive trait through heterosis may decline with drastic... more

Development Planning and Project Cycle Analysis for Sericulture in Central Java

by Djeimy Kusnaman

2023

Problems were identified at the farm level and at the project level. These could partly be rectified. A more in-depth research and monitoring program was instituted for the project concerning the performance in production and... more

Banyumas Sutera Alam Harvest season 10 Banyumas Sutera Alam

Average price of fresh cocoons /kg Average productions of fresh cocoons /b¢ Banyumas Sutera Alam

Banyumas Sutera Alam Harvest season 17 Banyumas Sutera Alam

Table 22. Data of cocoon production BSA’s farmers in 7" period from 1999 to 2002, can be seen in Annex 9 to 48.

Source: Banyumas Sutera Alam (2003), modified.

Table 24. Expected variables of silkworm project at BSA: With these conditions the project results for 10 years duration were:

Further criticality values of the project have been calculated. These are shown in table 25. Table 25. Criticality values of project expectations

Values in table 25 mean that the value is at minimum value with condition: if the others

Note: * Significant at 5 percent probability level. * * Significant at 1 percent probability level fresh cocoons Effect of varieties of mulberry on the yield of fresh cocoons

Table 28. Effect of varieties of mulberry on the yield of fresh cocoons

In vertical columns, means followed by similar letters are not significantly different (p<0.05) Table 29. Effect of feeding frequency on the yield of fresh cocoons best is feeding the larvae four times a day (P2).

With results as such the investment of analysis is more profitable. for the next five years (until 2008) is as below:

Source: Banyumas Sutera Alam (2000) Appendix 1: The Price List of Fresh Cocoon per Kg (Rupiah)

| box silkworms required of labor 20 mandays Middle size of farm

1 box silkworms required of labor 20 mandays Middle size of farm

1 box silkworms required of labor 20 mandays Large size of farm

Source: BPS Jawa Tengah Provincial Offic« http://jateng.bps.go.id/mp28.htm

Appendix 30: 22nd Yield fresh cocoons (continue

Average price of fresh cocoons /kg Average productions of fresh cocoons /bo:

Average price of fresh cocoons /kg Average productions of fresh cocoons /bo> Banyumas Sutera Alam

Investment Anaysis for Project BSA ; ene lien

concept of a project cycle is used by most international institutions. Figure 1 Schematic Representation of the Project Cycle within its phases from programming to planning and evaluation. For this purpose the

Figure 2 The life cycle of silkworm. Insertions: 1. Hatching, 2. 9 -12 days, 3. Brushing, 4. First instar, 5. Three to four days 6. First moulting, 7. 3-7 days, 8. Second moulting, 9, Third instar, 10. 3-4 days, 11. Third moulting, 12. Fourth instar, 13. 5-6 days, 14. Fourth moulting, 15. Fifth instar, 16. 6-8 days, 17. Ripe silkworm, 18. Spinning, 19. Pupation 4-5 days, 20. Pupa inside cocoon, 21. 10-15 days, 22. Emergence of moth, 23. Moth, 24. Eggs, 25. Diapause egg, 26. Non diapause egg, 27. Artificial hatching 11-14 days, 28. interring(no scale) Source: Veda. K.. et al.. (1997) ody is very hairy and the wingspan is about 50 mm. Adult females are larger and less active

young age. Rearing of 4th and 5th instars comes under late age rearing. from Ist instar to 2nd instar. The 3rd instar although an intermediate stage, is considered as

It has a wide spread expansion (see figure 3) Figure 3 Origin and spread of sericulture and Silk Road in 8th century and temperate latitudes in evergreen tropics and reaches a height of up to 20 to 25 metres.

they undergo moulting and at the end they spin cocoons. Photo 4. Cocoons processing spp). The larvae develop in four stages for about 25 days, and between each of the four stages larvae weighs approximately 0.45 mg and exclusively eats leaves of mulberry tree (Moru

Photo 5. Silk yarn processing cocoons, malformed cocoons, etc. perforated cocoons, internally and externally soiled cocoons, thin-end cocoons, thin-middle

Figure 4 Technological process for silk reeling.

Figure 5 Structure scheme of usage of by-products

detail. Figure 6 shows the separated activities of "nucleus" and "plasma". Figure 6. The Activities of nucleus and plasma.

Figure 7. The Structure of project organisation

The Overview of the project plan is shown in figure 8. Figure 8. The Silkworm project plan BSA

Figure 9. Mulberry and silkworm section proportion in budget of sericulture middle size of farm at 34 percent and larger size of farm at 49%, graphically detailed in figt 822.94. Proportion of mulberry section in the budget for small size of farm is at 21 percen

arrows show location of districts. Figure 10. Locations of project

Figure 11. Comparison between reality values with expected values: variable: Periods per year of variables in the expectations of the project.

Figre 12. Comparison between reality values with expected values: variable: Box of silkworms/period

Figure 13. Comparison between reality values with expected values:

Figure 14. Comparison between reality values with expectation values:

Table 26. Values of variables by the monitoring of project BSA from 40 periods

Strengths still possible for BSA to develop furtheron sericultural area in the future.

Development objectives and the economic challenge Most developing countries are raw material producers of agricultural commodities. Income generation in developing countries is therefore often dependent on agriculture in the form of

Note: per capita in 2000 Year. Source: World Bank Statistics (2002) Table 4: Gross national income (GNI) and Gross national income per capita

NBI Calculation of middle land of sericulture production "The calculation estimated by using 0.50 land mulberry. At the first year: 0.50 box/period and 5 times; second year: 0.75 box and 10 times; Third year:1 box and 10 times; Fourth to tenth year: 2 boxes and 10 times. Harvest = 25 kg fresh cocoons/box. The price of fresh cocoons per kg Rp. 17,500,- (1“ and 2"4 year) and Rp. 20,000,- (3" to 10" year) Table 5: Net benefit increase of sericulture production (in USD) ’

hectare (in USD) sericulture should be compared with alternatives in crop production. Table 6 shows a

Table 7: Investments of sericulture production (in USD) The mulberry section includes costs for land preparation, fertiliser, mulberry cuttings and

Table 8: Revenue of sericulture production per year (in USD)

Table 10. Results of income with sensitivity analysis at 20% decrease of values (USD)

As presented in the scenario for the critical cases, a limitation can appear in times of Table 11. Results of income for sensitivity analysis at 50% decrease of income (USD). decrease of 50% income. The results are shown in table 11.

Table 15. Result of sensitivity analyses for small size farms Results are shown in table 15 to 17. economically influence e.g.: increase of costs, and decrease of sell price of cocoons

Table 16. Result of sensitivity analyses for middle size farms Middle size farms Table 17. Result of sensitivity analyses for larger size farms

but such the value has changed from 10 to 7, 30% decreased, results were rentable.

Source: FAO (2002), Statistics Table 19. Raw silk imports to Europe from 1997 to 2001 (mt) import quantity of raw silk is shown in Table 19. million USD, Germany an amount USD 21.75 million and France USD 11.26 million. The

cost reducing by the farmers capital self (in USD) his family undertook some of the work.

Effect of Temperatures on Growth, Yields and Heat Shock Protein Expression of Eri Silkworm (Samia ricini D.)

by Dr.Weerasak Saksirirat

2023, Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology

The effect of high temperatures on the growth, yields and heat shock protein (HSP) production of eri silkworm (Samia ricini D.) was carried out by exposure the 5th instar day 3 larvae to different temperatures, 36±1, 40±1, 42±1, 45±1 and... more