Shipbuilding Industry

Il disastro del sommergibile Titan, avvenuto il 18 giugno 2023, non deve essere interpretato come un evento imprevedibile o un tragico incidente isolato. Al contrario, rappresenta la conseguenza logica e prevedibile di un fallimento sistemico che ha intrecciato profonde carenze ingegneristiche, deviazioni deliberate e documentate dagli standard di sicurezza consolidati nel settore marittimo e una cultura organizzativa disfunzionale che ha dato priorità all'innovazione percepita e agli obiettivi commerciali rispetto alla sicurezza verificabile. Questo articolo si discosta dalle narrazioni puramente qualitative per presentare un'analisi rigorosa e quantitativa del rischio.

The aim of this paper is to study anchor handling vessel (AHV) thrust capacity during anchor deployment. The thrust utilisation plot, a concept widely used in the Dynamic Positioning (DP) system, is used to illustrate the positioning capability of an AHV. Bollard pull reduction due to heavy side thruster loading is considered. Thrust loss of the stern tunnel thruster due to main propeller action is also considered. The Bourbon Dolphin accident was investigated as a case study using the proposed model and methodology. The result showed that thrust loss restricted the vessel positioning capability significantly during the accident event.

This technical review analyzes the architectural and operational depth of the MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships) vessel model, which represents the future of autonomous and sustainable maritime transport. The focus is on the design of the machinery architecture supported by the hybrid integration of renewable energy sources such as nuclear (Small Modular Reactors-SMRs), wind (Flettner rotors, wing sails), and solar energy, moving away from traditional fossil fuel propulsion systems. The study details the principles of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that form the basis of this architecture and the critical role of Digital Twin technology, which optimizes operational performance, predictive maintenance, and fault diagnosis throughout the vessel's entire lifecycle. AIsupported autonomous control and robotic integration of key components such as main engine systems, auxiliary machinery systems, pumps, shaft, and propeller systems are discussed with their technical parameters. The Ship Machinery Control Room (SMCO), developed for remote monitoring and control of machine systems, and the secure and low-latency communication protocols between the bridge and the shore control center are analyzed. Design principles, methods to be applied for digital and legacy analog control systems, and projected timelines for AI and robotic-supported fault repair and predictive maintenance systems are presented from the perspective of marine engineers, service companies, and manufacturers. Furthermore, the impacts of this technological transformation on survey processes determined by IACS (International Association of Classification Societies) and Classification Societies, shipyard construction methodologies, and related training programs are evaluated. Particularly, through the conceptual vessel named "NEPTUNE'S GUARDIAN," capable of navigating in Polar and Arctic regions, the project's feasibility, potential technical, legal, and socioeconomic challenges, as well as Turkey's current potential in this field, and strategic steps to be taken are analyzed.

Bu teknik inceleme, otonom ve sürdürülebilir denizciliğin geleceğini temsil eden MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships) gemi modelinin mimari ve operasyonel derinliğini analiz etmektedir. Odak noktası, geleneksel fosil yakıtlı tahrik sistemlerinden nükleer (Small Modular Reactors-SMRs), rüzgar (Flettner rotorları, kanat yelkenleri) ve güneş enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir kaynakların hibrit entegrasyonuyla desteklenen makine mimarisinin tasarımıdır. Çalışma, bu mimarinin temelini oluşturan Siber-Fiziksel Sistem (CPS) prensiplerini ve geminin tüm yaşam döngüsü boyunca operasyonel performansı, öngörüsel bakımı ve arıza teşhisini optimize eden Dijital İkiz (Digital Twin) teknolojisinin kritik rolünü detaylandırmaktadır. Ana makine sistemleri, yardımcı makine sistemleri, pompalar, şaft ve pervane sistemleri gibi temel bileşenlerin AI destekli otonom kontrolü ve robotik entegrasyonu teknik parametreleriyle ele alınmaktadır.

Despite all the obvious advantages of Heave Motion Compensation, it remains an uncommon addition for overboard launch and recovery systems. Its additional complexity, or umbilical torture, or cost, or deck space requirements, or all of the preceding objections have conspired to eliminate Heave Motion Compensation from consideration in all but the most high-spec systems. A brief comparison and analysis of various types of Heave Motion Compensation Systems is offered, for both active and passive, as well as with regenerative systems. A new type of system is presented which addresses many of the difficulties listed above. This simple, efficient A-Frame based system is retrofittable to many existing launch and recovery systems January 2003 High inertia of winch drum and umbilical -large power requirement for responsive system No additional pieces of equipment required Large active inboard element is a personnel safety consideration Unrestricted take-up and payout for compensation Continuous umbilical bend over overboarding sheave as winch pays in and out Passive system more difficult to implement Increasing cycles on primary lifting device -time to failure shorter Power index required in Sea State 5 = 180 hp (no passive, no regeneration, only compensation motions)

This paper analyses three industrial films shot in two out of three largest Yugoslav shipyards: Treći maj – brodogradilište (3. maj) – brod by Frano Vodopivec from 1976, Treći maj by Petar Trinajstić and Željko Luković from 1983 both shot in Rijeka and Brodograđevna industrija Split: Zapisi iz škvera filmed in 1984 (list of nine authors in bibliography), shot in Split. Although industrial films are still a somewhat under researched genre, their importance stems from the fact that this once “mighty industry”
is currently hanging on a thread, and these films will probably soon become one of major memory channels for the future generations on topic of shipbuilding. This is why this paper takes in consideration represented content – such as the tradition of referring to the ships as “living beings” – but also tries to understand it within a larger shipbuilding
culture. Finally, it is of importance to grasp the possible meanings of these films in the moment of their production, but also today as it has passed nearly fifty years from their creation, and therefore our final remarks are written from a post-socialist, but also postshipbuilding prism.

This article examines the administrative evolution of the Royal Shipyard of Barcelona (1500-1640), a cornerstone of the Spanish Monarchy's Mediterranean naval strategy. Using a prosopographical approach, it focuses on the shipyard's superintendents, tracing their transition from administrative clerks to authoritarian nobles, military experts, and later political appointees, as they adapted to the Monarchy's shifting priorities in naval governance, resource management, and geopolitical strategy. The study highlights the challenges of balancing regional autonomy with imperial centralization, showing how the shipyard adapted its governance to sustain galley production and naval logistics during a period of intense Mediterranean conflict. By situating the Barcelona arsenal within broader discussions on professionalization and state-building, this research contributes to the historiography of naval administration and offers comparative insights into early modern maritime governance.

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a novel process of metal joining. In the present work, the authors analysed the possibility of using this process to solve current problems in shipbuilding industry regarding small vessels by replacing the current arc welding techniques with the aforementioned process. Numerical simulation was carried out by the multiple purpose solver framework for Finite Element Method with a novel modelling approach. The problem was solved using a coupled mechanics system of equations in an axisymmetric continuum where material velocities were calculated in three dimensions, coupled with pressure and thermal fields. The heat source was calculated as a consequence of internal friction dissipation only. Two boundary conditions were analysed, adiabatic and with heat dissipation. Experimental welding tests were performed using a milling machine. Comparison between numerical modelling results and experimental FSSW testing results was done and analysed in detail.

Magang merupakan bentuk perkuliahan melalui kegiatan bekerja dengan
cara melakukan kegiatan bekerja secara langsung di dunia kerja. Kegiatan magang
ini dilaksanakan bagi mahasiswa dengan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan
pengalaman di dunia kerja yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan
profesi dan skill bagi mahasiswa.

Universitas adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang mempersiapkan
mahasiswa untuk dapat bermasyarakat, khususnya pada disiplin ilmu yang telah
dipelajari selama mengikuti perkuliahan. Dalam dunia pendidikan hubungan
antara teori dengan praktek merupakan hal yang penting untuk membandingkan
serta membuktikan sesuatu yang telah dipelajari dalam teori dengan keadaan
sebenarnya dilapangan. Untuk itu Universitas Faletehan diwajibkan setiap
mahasiswanya melaksanakan magang.

Monitoring adalah kegiatan mengamati perkembangan pelaksanaan
rencana pembangunan, serta mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang timbul untuk
dapat diambil tindakan sedini mungkin. Menurut Handayani, N., dan Sulardjaka,
S. (2024). Monitoring merupakan pemantauan dari proses pengumpulan dan
analisis informasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi atas apa
yang telah dihasilkan. Jobdesk yang dikerjakan oleh penulis yaitu melakukan
monitoring kepada para pekerja vendor, monitoring toll gate, dan monitoring
dalam pemasangan rambu-rambu penunjuk arah di jalur baru menuju dermaga
eksekutif 2.

Evaluasi adalah hal yang melibatkan penilaian sistematis terhadap kinerja,
efektivitas dan keberlanjutan suatu proyek. Menurut Hidayat, A., dan Purba, A.
(2024). Evaluasi adalah kegiatan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang
bekerjanya sesuatu, yang selanjutnya informasi tersebut digunakan untuk
menentukan alternatif yang tepat dalam mengambil sebuah keputusan.

This is a study on Bangladesh's Shipbuilding Prospects, as there are numerous prospects in this sector. The study's major goal was to figure out why Bangladesh isn't moving forward in this field and what may be done to start the process of creating a successful industry. If properly fostered, this might be the next generation export earning sector after clothes. I attempted to identify difficulties and solutions in order to position Bangladesh as the next leader in the shipbuilding business after China. With its inexpensive labor resources, China has been the market leader in this area. Bangladesh can walk along the same path as China because it currently has a lower labor cost advantage than China. All they need is government help and shipyard modifications, as Bangladesh has hundreds of shipyards. In 2019, Bangladesh was rated 41st among the world's largest economies, making it the second-largest economy in South Asia. As a marine nation, the government is focused on the Blue Economy's potential, with the goal of becoming a middle-income country by 2021 and a developed economy by 2041. The shipbuilding sector may be the best option for achieving this goal. She has a long history of producing oceangoing ships being a country bordering the sea. With the recent success of Bangladesh's shipbuilders, it is apparent that this industry has greater potential to impact the country's economy. The study was primarily descriptive in nature. The majority of the data was gathered from secondary sources. Unstructured interviews were used to acquire some primary data from experts and policymakers. Bangladesh has a lot of potential in this industry, according to the study. Bangladesh is on the verge of becoming a shipbuilding powerhouse. Bangladesh earned a lot of foreign currency in the recent decade by exporting over a hundred ships. Although there are several difficulties and challenges that are impeding the correct expansion of Bangladesh's shipbuilding industry in the worldwide market for producing small ocean-going vessels, the country's shipbuilding sector has a lot of potential. The study provided vital recommendations to the Bangladeshi government in developing a clear policy for the expansion of the shipbuilding industry in order to achieve economic stability. This research is expected to help improve policy, advance research, and push the boundaries of knowledge forward.

Este artículo traza la evolución de los astilleros de la Armada de Colombia en el Caribe durante el siglo XX, reflejando la creciente importancia del poder naval y marítimo para el país. Desde los primeros varaderos hasta la creación de COTECMAR, el texto examina los desafíos y logros en el desarrollo de la infraestructura naval. Se destaca la influencia de factores como la conciencia marítima de los líderes, la necesidad de proteger los intereses marítimos y la visión estratégica de oficiales navales. A pesar de las dificultades y cambios a lo largo del siglo, el desarrollo de estos astilleros ha sido fundamental para la modernización de la Armada y el crecimiento de la industria naval colombiana.

U prvom dijelu prikaza su razmotrene fizicko-geografske znacajke suvremenih brodogradilista sa naglaskom na njihovim dispozicijama, povrsinama teritorija i akvatorija te građevnim mjestima. U drugom dijelu prikaza opisane su strukture vodecih svjetskih brodogradilista trgovackih brodova s posebnim naglascima na dalekoistocne ''tvornice brodova'' i suvremena europska montažna brodogradilista. U trecem je dijelu sažet pregled financijskih pokazatelja poslovanja uspjesnih brodogradilista. U cetvrtom je dijelu obrazložen znacaj strukture radne snage za uspjesnost brodogradilista. U zadnjem dijelu pregleda su rekapitulirane tehnoloske znacajke suvremene brodograđevne proizvodnje. Na koncu pregled potvrđuje da je brodogradnja globalno dobro utemeljena gospodarska djelatnost.

Review Stručni rad / Pregledni rad U prvom dijelu prikaza razmotrene su fi zičko-zemljopisne značajke suvremenih brodogradilišta s naglaskom na njihovim dispozicijama, površinama teritorija i akvatorija, te građevnim mjestima. U drugom dijelu prikaza opisane su strukture vodećih svjetskih brodogradilišta trgovačkih brodova s posebnim naglascima na dalekoistočne ''tvornice brodova'' i suvremena europska montažna brodogradilišta. U trećem je dijelu sažet pregled fi nancijskih pokazatelja poslovanja uspješnih brodogradilišta. U četvrtom je dijelu obrazložena važnost strukture radne snage za uspješnost brodogradilišta. U zadnjem dijelu pregleda rekapitulirane su tehnološke značajke suvremene brodograđevne proizvodnje. Na koncu pregled potvrđuje da je brodogradnja globalno dobro utemeljena gospodarska djelatnost.

The objective of this paper is to study the long term effects of public policy measures for displaced workers. Our focus is on the individuals affected by the cutbacks at the LKAB iron ore mines in northern Sweden in 1983 and the closure of the Uddevalla Shipyard in western Sweden in 1985. These workers not only experienced job loss, but were also the target group for extraordinary labour market policies. Using register data from Statistics Sweden (labour market status, earnings, education etc.), we follow those affected until 1999. We compare this with the corresponding development of a large sample other workers who lost their jobs because of plant closures in 1987-88 but who did not receive extraordinary measures. Estimations of the net effect of the extraordinary measures find that they did have positive long-term effects for the displaced shipyard workers and miners. They have higher employment, not higher unemployment, and higher earnings than the comparison group.

This research have the character of analytic descriptive, as a mean to explain about factors cause of accident of sea transportation with analyse at occurence of KM. Putri Ayu, and also invite stakeholders to be more comprehend in importance security and safety of sea transportation and generated risk effect of anticipatory negligence of factors, also repair recommendations to stakeholder in other's sea transportation. Output of analysis indicated there are 3 (three) factor's have contribution in accident KM Putri Ayu, that is (1) negligence of regulator; (2) technical condition of ship; and (3) weather is extreme. For that, utilize to guarantee its form of safety and reliable ship security system in Moluccas, te future : (1) Improving cooperation in between crew of ship, owner and regulator; ( 2) Improving maintenance system of ship; and ( 3) Existence of comprehensive analysis to condition of every sea transport.

Maluku, menyisakan sejumlah pertanyaan: apa faktor penyebab?; bagaimana kontribusinya?; dan apa langkah yang perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah kecelakaan serupa dimasa mendatang? Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik, dengan tujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang faktor-faktor penyebab kecelakaan transportasi laut dengan fokus analisis pada kejadian tenggelamnya KM. Putri Ayu, serta mengajak para pembaca untuk lebih memahami arti pentingnya keamanan dan keselamatan transportasi laut dan resiko yang ditimbulkan akibat kelalaian mengantisipasi faktor-faktor tersebut, juga rekomendasi-rekomendasi perbaikan bagi stakeholder di bidang transportasi laut lainnya. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat 3 (tiga) faktor yang berkontribusi menjadi sebab tenggelamnya KM. Putri Ayu, yaitu (1) kelalaian pihak regulator; (2) kondisi teknis kapal yang sudah uzur; dan (3) keadaan alam yang ekstrim. Untuk itu, guna menjamin terwujudnya sistem keselamatan dan keamanan kapal yang handal di Maluku, maka kedepan: (1) Tingkatkan kerjasama diantara awak kapal, operator (pemilik) dan regulator (pemerintah) dalam membuat keputusan layak-tidaknya kapal beroperasi; (2) Tingkatkan sistem manajemen perawatan kapal; dan (3) Adanya analisis yang komprehensif terhadap kondisi tiap-tiap alur pelayaran, misalnya kondisi gelombang dan pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas dan konstruksi kapal.

Transportation needs of the crossing to the island of Ambon, Seram Island in path-Hunimua Waipirit since 2005 shows an increasing trend. Based on data from PT. Ferry Indonesia (Persero) Branch Ambon, since 2005 the flow of cargo through the track has experienced an average increase of 2.799% per year for passengers, 11.389% for 2 wheel vehicles, and 10.412% for 4-wheel vehicles. However, this trend is not followed by infrastructure development and operation patterns in anticipation of an imbalance between aspects of the provision and utilization aspects of ferry transport services, so that the average queuing time at Port can reach 3-5 hours. This study examines pedestrian transportation needs and to design the pattern of development by considering the operational and conceptual design of the existing ferry ports. The results showed transportation demand forecasting model for crossing the track Waipirit-Hunimua until 2014 was Y = 273,680.00 + 46,114.80 X for Passengers, Y = 76155.40...

The objective of this paper is to study the long term effects of public policy measures for displaced workers. Our focus is on the individuals affected by the cutbacks at the LKAB iron ore mines in northern Sweden in 1983 and the closure of the Uddevalla Shipyard in western Sweden in 1985. These workers not only experienced job loss, but were also the target group for extraordinary labour market policies. Using register data from Statistics Sweden (labour market status, earnings, education etc.), we follow those affected until 1999. We compare this with the corresponding development of a large sample other workers who lost their jobs because of plant closures in 1987-88 but who did not receive extraordinary measures. Estimations of the net effect of the extraordinary measures find that they did have positive long-term effects for the displaced shipyard workers and miners. They have higher employment, not higher unemployment, and higher earnings than the comparison group.

Petya Ivanova Toneva .... . RESTRUKTURIRANJE VLASNISTVA BUGARSKE HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE OWNERSHIP RESTRUCTURING OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA SA¿ETAK: U ovom se radu prezentiraju restrukturiranje vfasniátva te Cimbenici koji utjeiu na procès privatizacije kao dio struktume reforme koja se odvija i na istocnoeuropskoj i na globalnoj razini, odnosno. pragmatizam, ideoloSke ideje. komercijaini i populisticki interesi. Takoder se iz retrospektive preispituje razvoj restmktiiriranja vlasnlStva na primjeni bugarske hotelske industrije te se identificiraju glavne smjemlce i faktori. Pokuaava se poblize odrediti uloga navedenog procesa u razvoju bugarskog gospodarstva te prikazati promjene i problème koji utjeôu na bugarsko dniätvo, a proizlaze ¡z procesa restrukturiranja vlasnistva. KLJUCNE RIJECI: vlasnicko restrukturiranje, druátvo, turizam, hoteli, privatizacija, reforme SUMMARY: The paper reviews ownership restnicturing and the forées that influence the process of privatization as part of the structural reform taking place both in East-European countries and globally-namely: pragmatism, ideological concerns, commercial interests, and populism. It examines the development of ownership restructuring in hotel industry in Bulgaria from a retrospective point of view and outlines major trends and factors. The paper also attempts to specify the role of this process in the development of the .Bulgarian economy. It tries to present the changes and problems affecting Bulgarian society caused by the process of ownership restructuring.

Nowadays, the need of reducing the negative impact of boats during their entire lifecycle is furtherly strengthened by the increasingly businesses and services carried out within the marine space. In this context, several regulations and research streams are aimed to cope with this need, leading to the final challenge to develop more suitable novel specialized vessels. However, in this context, the necessity to evaluate the environmental implications of this novel concept of specialized vessels shall be taken into account at the early design stage. This paper proposes a model for new specialized vessels, built on both theoretical and practical bases, opening the way to consistently conduct the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) approach on such complex innovative maritime solutions and hence unleashing further researches in the stream.

The project was appointed by Eniram Ltd, an IT company which offers the maritime industry solutions in the form of turnkey packages installed aboard ships to aid crews in enhancing many aspects of vessel performance. The need for a study and comparison was identified into different ship-to-shore communications methods for transmitting the data acquired from Eniram's onboard system modules to Eniram's office for processing. The objective was to provide a clear procedure for selecting the most appropriate solution for implementation aboard a ship, on a per-customer basis. Through research into marine communications, the communications industry as a whole, and interviews with Eniram, the project described the relevant characteristics of the possible communications methods and their feasibilities in being employed for Eniram's purposes. These were according to each vessel's operational factors, as well as implementation and financial considerations discussed from a general project planning viewpoint. The project resulted in the production of a set of procedural guidelines, or a solution map, that stipulate in a systematic manner the information that needs to be collated for each ship installation, the factors that need to be formulated from this information, and the consequent logical decisions required to be made when selecting the optimal solution for a vessel.

In the third chapter we deepen into modern shipyards, which are active in the construction and repair of large metal merchant ships. Step by step we explain the key points precisely and simply, summarizing the experience, which was gained from already completed shipbuilding projects in Japan. Our target is to introduce the reader to shipbuilding processes by explaining the main parameters that affect the construction capabilities of a shipyard based on its available infrastructure. We present the individual stages of the shipbuilding process, milestones, related inspections and we clarify which processes take place on land and which in the water environment. We also address issues of management and coordination during construction.

The region over the pontoons, especially in the vicinity of columns, is typically a critical area in terms of upwell when analyzing the air gap of semisubmersible platforms. There is indication that numerical computations using potential flow theory may in some cases overestimate the free surface elevation in this region. To assess the possibility, experimental data is compared to numerical computations in three locations under the deck box: one location over the pontoons, one location in the vicinity of the pontoons and one location between the pontoons. The data was acquired in FORCE's towing tank facility, in Lyngby, Denmark, by relative wave gauges fixed to the moored semisubmersible platform. The experimental data is treated in order to remove the global motions from the upwell signal. The resulting free surface elevation, which includes contributions from incident, diffracted and radiated wave fields, is compared to the disturbed free surface elevation calculated with linear diffraction-radiation theory. The study is initially conducted in irregular waves, where simulation statistics in 4 different sea states are compared to the experiments and the observed nonlinear effects are discussed. The extreme crest heights are compared with non-Gaussian models as defined in DNVGL-OTG-13 and as defined by Stansberg (2014). The study is then extended to regular waves. In a first stage we estimate the first harmonic components by removing all higher order effects, and compare the results to linear theory. For these band-pass filtered signals it is shown that results calculated with linear theory tend to overestimate free surface elevation in the location over the pontoons, but seem to correlate well with the experiments in the other locations. In a second stage the experimental crest heights are compared with non-linear models as defined in DNVGL-OTG-13 and as defined by Stansberg (2014). It is shown in this case study that the maximum free surface elevation calculated with linear diffraction-radiation theory can be severely overestimated over the pontoons in front of upwave columns. We explain the observed discrepancy in this case primarily by a very high linear predicted amplification induced by the shallow pontoon, with resulting high local steepness leading to local breaking and dissipation. Therefore, such pontoon effects should be addressed in semisubmersible platform air-gap analysis. The work also highlights the importance of having good experimental data available when preforming such analysis.

Petya Ivanova Toneva .... . RESTRUKTURIRANJE VLASNISTVA BUGARSKE HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE OWNERSHIP RESTRUCTURING OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA SA¿ETAK: U ovom se radu prezentiraju restrukturiranje vfasniátva te Cimbenici koji utjeiu na procès privatizacije kao dio struktume reforme koja se odvija i na istocnoeuropskoj i na globalnoj razini, odnosno. pragmatizam, ideoloSke ideje. komercijaini i populisticki interesi. Takoder se iz retrospektive preispituje razvoj restmktiiriranja vlasnlStva na primjeni bugarske hotelske industrije te se identificiraju glavne smjemlce i faktori. Pokuaava se poblize odrediti uloga navedenog procesa u razvoju bugarskog gospodarstva te prikazati promjene i problème koji utjeôu na bugarsko dniätvo, a proizlaze ¡z procesa restrukturiranja vlasnistva. KLJUCNE RIJECI: vlasnicko restrukturiranje, druátvo, turizam, hoteli, privatizacija, reforme SUMMARY: The paper reviews ownership restnicturing and the forées that influence the process of privatization as part of the structural reform taking place both in East-European countries and globally-namely: pragmatism, ideological concerns, commercial interests, and populism. It examines the development of ownership restructuring in hotel industry in Bulgaria from a retrospective point of view and outlines major trends and factors. The paper also attempts to specify the role of this process in the development of the .Bulgarian economy. It tries to present the changes and problems affecting Bulgarian society caused by the process of ownership restructuring.

Ujung Jabung is a region located in the District of Sadu at Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The area strategically lies in the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane 1 (ALKI 1), which is the international trading and shipping lane. It brings about an excellent opportunity for economic development in Jambi Province. With this in mind, the Government of Jambi develops the region into a strategic area that includes Ujung Jabung Port. Based on the 2011-2031 Region’s Spatial Plan (RTRW) of East Tanjung Jabung Regency, the regency designed it to be the main port with the name of Samudera Ujung Jabung Port. The international shipping routes at the port are Ujung Jabung-West Asia-East Europe and Ujung Jabung-Southeast Asia-East Asia. Due to its international nature, the construction of Samudera Ujung Jabung Port should follow the international measures on the security of the port, shipping, and facility. As a Member of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Indonesia is...

Pakistan is blessed with an enormous maritime potential as a coastal nation in the world. However, the country failed to gain economically and prosper because of a lack of understanding about the benefits of the maritime sector, in particular, the shipbuilding sector i.e.’ mother industry’. Besides the economic gains, the domestic shipping sector also could not expand and avail repair facilities due to the non-existence of commercial shipbuilding and repair facilities in the country.  The failure is a combined effect of the lack of the political resolve of the governments and the absence of a policy for facilitating the commercial shipbuilding sector. The sole shipyard of Pakistan was established as Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works in 1957. Pakistan continued to reap the benefits of constructing commercial ships by KSEW till 1990 however, thereafter, the sole shipyard could not attract the commercial customers due lacking modernization & technologies, geographical limitations, and withdrawal of subsidies to the shipyard. Resultantly, KSEW lost the commercial market space for shipbuilding and repair activities for the domestic and foreign shipping sectors. The agony of economic loss increased manifold as Pakistan failed to establish the second shipbuilding industry since 1957. In the last two decades, the governments did plan the project of the establishment of the second Shipbuilding Industry in Pakistan. However, the project remained restricted to the planning stage despite the announcement of the project in 2007. The delay of the project substantiates the lack of political will and continental mindset of the decision-makers that failed to understand the importance of the strategic industry. Though the shipbuilding industry encompassing ship repairs facilities is a high cost and technology-intensive industry yet, the coastal nations with a suitable geographical and strategic location like Pakistan cannot avoid the establishment of a project for long term benefits. Pakistan spends $5billion in foreign exchange annually on seaborne trade due to the limited capacity of Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC). Similarly, a large amount of foreign exchange is also consumed on the repair/ maintenance requiring special docking due to the absence of such a facility in Pakistan. The main aim of the research is to analyze the significance of the establishment of a Shipbuilding Industry at Gwadar for enhancing maritime relevance in the region and boosting the economy of Pakistan. The phase-wise development of the industry is likely to strengthen Pakistan through the generation of employment, development of the maritime cluster, social uplift of the area, production of commercial vessels, management of repair & maintenance activities of PNSC vessels, and above all supplementing the Gwadar port operations.  The research also seeks to ascertain the challenges likely to be experienced by Pakistan in the establishment of new shipbuilding industry and the possibility of development through international joint ventures. Today, CPEC has provided a great opportunity to strengthen the process of industrialization in Pakistan. The project has also appeared as a successful international Joint Venture that has turned into a win-win situation for China and Pakistan. Considering, the strong base of the Chinese Shipbuilding Industry, the possibility exists to undertake the Gwadar Shipbuilding Industry project with the assistance of ‘Iron Brother’.

He also serves as the President of the International Society of Agile Manufacturing and as the Chief Editor of the International Journal of Agile Manufacturing. Verma received his B.S. in aeronautical engineering from IIT Kanpur, and a M.S. in engineering mechanics and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from ODU. Verma is a licensed Professional Engineer in the state of Virginia and a certified Manufacturing Engineer and has certifications in lean manufacturing and Six Sigma. He has organized several international conferences as General Chair, including ICAM-2006 and ICAM-1999, and also serves as Associate Editor for two international journals. His scholarly publications include 35 journal papers and 52 papers in conference proceedings. Verma has developed and delivered training program in lean enterprise and design for manufacturing for Northrop Grumman Newport News, STIHL, and several other companies in U.S. He has developed simulation-based training programs for the shipbuilding and repair industry under a grant from the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP). He is well known internationally and has been invited to deliver keynote addresses at several national and international conferences on lean/agile manufacturing. Verma has received the Regional Alumni Award for Excellence for contribution to lean manufacturing research, the International Education Award at ODU, and Ben Sparks Medal by ASME. He is active in ASME, ASEE, SME, IIE, and SNAME. Verma continues to serve the Hampton Roads community in various leadership positions.

Engineering from ODU. Prof. Verma is a licensed professional engineer in the state of Virginia, a certified manufacturing engineer and has certifications in Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma. He has organized several international conferences as General Chair, including ICAM-2006 and ICAM-1999 and also serves as associate editor for three International Journals. He serves as the President of the International Society of Agile Manufacturing and as the chief editor of the International Journal of Agile Manufacturing. Dr. Verma's scholarly publications include more than 77 journal articles and papers in conference proceedings and over 50 technical reports. He is actively involved in applied research, and has served as a PI or Co-PI on several funded competitive grants exceeding $4.0 million. Dr. Verma has developed and delivered training program in Lean Enterprise & Design for Manufacturing for Northrop Grumman Newport News, STIHL and several other companies in U.S. He has developed simulation based training programs for shipbuilding and repair industry under a grant from the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP). He is well known internationally and has been invited to deliver keynote addresses and invited papers at more than 12 national and international conferences on Lean/Agile manufacturing. Dr. Verma has received the Regional Alumni Award for Excellence for contribution to Lean Manufacturing research, the International Education Award at ODU and Ben Sparks Medal by ASME. He is active in ASME, ASEE, SME, IIE and SNAME. Dr. Verma continues to serve the Hampton Roads community in various leadership positions.

The new Landsat generation, Landsat-8, is equipped with two bands of thermal infrared sensors (TIRS). The presence of two bands provides for improved determination of sea surface temperature (SST) compared to existing products. Due to its high spatial resolution, it is suitable for coastal zone monitoring. However, there are still significant challenges in converting radiance measurements to SST, resulting from the limitations of in-situ measurements. Several studies into developing SST algorithms in Indonesia waters have provided good performance. Unfortunately, however, they have used a single-band windows approach, and a split-windows approach has yet to be reported. In this study, we investigate both single-band and split-window algorithms for retrieving SST maps in the coastal zone of Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Landsat-8 imagery was acquired on February 26, 2016 (01: 51: 44.14UTC) at position path 111 and and row 64. On the same day, in-situ SS...

Banyaknya kasus kecelakaan kapal merupakan salah satu indikasi perlunya perbaikan dalam sistem transportasi laut. Berdasarkan laporan hasil investigasi KNKT pada kurun waktu tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2014 pada wilayah perairan di Indonesia, terjadi kecelakaan kapal dengan berbagai jenis kejadian seperti tenggelam, terguling, kandas dan tubrukan. Dari hasil investigasi KNKT, didapatkan kesimpulan terkait dengan faktor penyebab serta faktor yang berkontribusi, diantaranya kelalaian manusia (human error), teknis dan cuaca. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui deskripsi berupa peta karakteristik kecelakaan kapal berdasarkan investigasi KNKT serta mengetahui strategi meminimalkan resiko terjadinya kecelakaan kapal. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan investigasi KNKT sejak tahun 2007 sampai dengan 2014. Berdasarkan hasil analisis korespondensi berganda didapatkan grafik berupa scatterplot yang menggambarkan bahwa terdapat ...

the history of maritime navigation and maritime commerce is related to the beginning of human civilization. The vessel is a kinds of transportation, based on the size (capacity also dimension) as good as characteristics of the technic and technology also the ocean as the delivery lane, is a transport for goods in extra quantities, bridging ports around the earth. A shipping manufacture was an economical also industry task which contains shipyard, boat distribution also vessel repair. Project Development was realized below a supervision from its Master Project or Manager Project. Stages at Development, realization also assurance at development project that taking location within the shipyard industry are define project life (cycle period). Work life could described with the timing in where an operation generates profit also makes expenses. Judging base on the industry's character, the shipping industry is defined as industrial strategy also had the effect for working layers at wide areas and encourages growth for its supporting industries. An importance of enhancing the strategy for the contribution of the National Shipping Ship Industry economically, it is necessary to increase the competitiveness so that the business or venture industry can grow in a long-term and sustainable manner. The competitiveness improvement indicator can be measured from Quality, Cost, Delivery Time, and Environmentally Friendly Safety Health for the life of the project.

During a prolonged clearing with particularly dry atmospheric conditions over the Southern California Bight, four NOAA 6 satellite overpasses at 12-hour intervals w r e recorded while a research vessel measured ocean temperatures within the,field of view of the satellite. This data set is used to evaluate two versions of an equation f i r estimating sea surface temperature from satellite data and for examining short-term changes in surface temperature caused by diurnal variation and surface layer movement. Surface temperatures calculated from data taken during a daytime overpass. using two slightly differing versions of a multiwindow atmospheric correction equation. match the ocean temperatures within the expected range of scatter: +0.6"C. One version has a mean daytime bias of +O.S"C, the other has-0.4"C. and thus the two versions dfler by 0.9"C. The satellite-deriwd sea surface temperatures show a diurnal variation in the range of 0.25" to 1.0"C. Hence the bias of calculated satellite temperatures for the nighttime overpasses differ from those for the daytime; the bias in one version is +l.Z"C and in the other is +0.4"C. It is suggested that these biases are caused by inherent problems in the selection and matching of satellite and ocean data sets used to determine the equation coeficients as well as poorly understood diurnal variation of the surface temperature as measured by satellite. Advection. evidenced by an image-to-image shfl of thermal gradients owr 12and 24-hour periods can produce local temperature changes that add to the problem. Noise in one of the satellite data channels, another part of the problem, is shown IO be amenable to.filtering techniques. Diurnal dflerences in satellite-obserwd surface temperatures are found to v a y regionally; larger variation is found in waters that are turbid and have a shallow thermocline. Near surface in situ temperature measurements suggest a diurnal layer variation of 0.2"C. much less than the variation observed by satellite. An estimation of diurnal sea surface temperature variation based on heat budget calculations supports the in situ observations.

During a prolonged clearing with particularly dry atmospheric conditions over the Southern California Bight, four NOAA 6 satellite overpasses at 12-hour intervals w r e recorded while a research vessel measured ocean temperatures within the,field of view of the satellite. This data set is used to evaluate two versions of an equation f i r estimating sea surface temperature from satellite data and for examining short-term changes in surface temperature caused by diurnal variation and surface layer movement. Surface temperatures calculated from data taken during a daytime overpass. using two slightly differing versions of a multiwindow atmospheric correction equation. match the ocean temperatures within the expected range of scatter: +0.6"C. One version has a mean daytime bias of +O.S"C, the other has-0.4"C. and thus the two versions dfler by 0.9"C. The satellite-deriwd sea surface temperatures show a diurnal variation in the range of 0.25" to 1.0"C. Hence the bias of calculated satellite temperatures for the nighttime overpasses differ from those for the daytime; the bias in one version is +l.Z"C and in the other is +0.4"C. It is suggested that these biases are caused by inherent problems in the selection and matching of satellite and ocean data sets used to determine the equation coeficients as well as poorly understood diurnal variation of the surface temperature as measured by satellite. Advection. evidenced by an image-to-image shfl of thermal gradients owr 12and 24-hour periods can produce local temperature changes that add to the problem. Noise in one of the satellite data channels, another part of the problem, is shown IO be amenable to.filtering techniques. Diurnal dflerences in satellite-obserwd surface temperatures are found to v a y regionally; larger variation is found in waters that are turbid and have a shallow thermocline. Near surface in situ temperature measurements suggest a diurnal layer variation of 0.2"C. much less than the variation observed by satellite. An estimation of diurnal sea surface temperature variation based on heat budget calculations supports the in situ observations.

This document has been downloaded from Chalmers Publication Library (CPL). It is the author´s version of a work that was accepted for publication in: Citation for the published paper: Ahlström, C.; Andersson, A.; Blomgren, N. (2014) "Optimus Pråm- Semi-submersible wind farm installation vessel for Blekinge Offshore". Downloaded from:

In Sweden the government is investing lots of resources in order to meet the energy need with clean and renewable alternatives. Since wind is an unlimited source of energy the exploitations of wind farms is of great interest. This report describes a conceptual design of an innovative offshore wind turbine installation vessel for inland sea conditions, with highest possible energy efficiency and environmental friendly performance in every detail. The customer, Blekinge Offshore, main requirement is to receive a concept with an as low installation cost as possible. The final concept Optimus Pråm includes one installation vessel, which is a semi-submersible barge, and one support vessel that supply the installation vessel with power and propulsion. The power is distributed from the support vessel to the installation vessel through a power cable. The installation vessel will be self-propelled during the installation phase using electrical motors and thrusters. The installation vessel shall be able to handle gravity foundations and fully assembled wind turbines, transported vertically to the installation site. Foundations and windmills will be fully assembled in Karlshamn port before transit to site. During transit the installation and support vessel are connected to each other in all motions except pitch. This almost total fixed connection makes the two vessels acts like one, which gives the joint vessel excellent manoeuvrability. When installing foundations, the installation vessel and the support vessel disconnect. The installation vessel places the foundation at the planned location by ballasting until the foundation has reached the seabed. After de-ballasting the installation vessel and support vessel connects again and transit back to the harbour. When installing wind turbines the two vessels are kept connected and makes highly accurate positioning for the installation possible.

Mengingat begitu besarnya resiko pekerjaan bagi orang yang bekerja di atas kapal, maka dibutuhkan para pekerja yang terampil, kompeten, serta mampu menghadapi kondisi darurat yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian baik harta benda maupun nyawa. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan edukasi bagi masyarakat di sekitar Desa Mariana, Banyuasin Palembang terkait teknik penyelamatan diri di perairan agar bisa meminimalisir dampak kerugian baik berupa kehilangan harta benda maupun nyawa yang diakibatkan oleh kecelakaan di atas kapal. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan berupa pemberian kompetensi dasar teknik penyelamatan diri di perairan dengan menggunakan 4 jam pelajaran teori di kelas dan 4 jam pelajaran praktik dilapangan (1 jam pelajaran = 45 menit). Kegiatan Pelatihan ini secara keseluruhan berjalan dengan baik dan lancar, dengan rata-rata nilai kepuasan peserta memberi respon sangat setuju 83,14%, skala 4 dengan kategori sangat baik (A) sebagai indikator bahwa respon yang sangat positif dari peserta terhadap kegiatan Pelatihan"Teknik Penyelamatan Diri di Perairan bagi Masyarakat Desa Mariana, Banyuasin Palembang". Melalui kegiatan ini terukur dari 22 orang yang mengikuti pelatihan semuanya belum memiliki kompetensi teknik penyelamatan diri di air yang baik sesuai yang diatur dalam Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan edukasi bagi masyarakat di sekitar Desa Mariana, Banyuasin Palembang terkait teknik penyelamatan diri di perairan agar bisa meminimalisir dampak kerugian baik berupa kehilangan harta benda maupun nyawa yang diakibatkan oleh kecelakaan di atas kapal. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan berupa pemberian kompetensi dasar teknik penyelamatan diri di perairan dengan menggunakan 4 jam pelajaran teori di kelas dan 4 jam pelajaran praktik dilapangan (1 jam pelajaran = 45 menit). Kegiatan Pelatihan ini secara keseluruhan berjalan dengan baik dan lancar, dengan rata-rata nilai kepuasan  peserta memberi respon sangat setuju 83,14%, skala 4 dengan kategori sangat baik (A) sebagai indikator bahwa respon yang sangat positif dari peserta terhadap kegiatan Pelatihan“Teknik Penyelamatan Diri di Perairan  bagi Masyarakat Desa Mariana, Banyuasin Palembang”.

Abstract:: One of the most essential goals of the contemporary European Union development policy, which is supported by so-called Lisbon strategy, is to develop and strengthen a competitive knowledge-based economy. It is focused on stimulation of innovations and research ...

During the past five years, using NASA's Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS), a group of NASA and industry participants have performed a series of experiments focusing on the interoperability of TCP lIP, ATM, and higher layer protocols and applications. These experiments have yielded very exciting results, including pro-forma configurations in the following areas: TCP lIP data transfer over geostationary satellite delays at speeds exceeding 500 Megabits per second using standard network hardware, computers, and operating systems Video, audio, and telephony over satellite links using ATM to engineer links with a constant Quality of Service for these time-sensitive applications Security overlays featuring encryption and IP firewalls at up to 155 Megabits per second Mobile satellite terminals that operate on ships, trucks, aircraft, and (eventually) spacecraft. This paper describes a proposed communications payload for the International Space Station, which supports the use of commodity industry-standard communications protocols to support direct user access to science instruments and experiment payloads from the ground. The payload concept, which is based entirely on commercial off-the-shelf products, was developed as a result of the five-year ACTS experiments program. 195

The strong worldwide economic competition requires cooperative design especially when one-of-akind-products are produced by competitors to optimize their knowledge capabilities and individual capacities. Establishing a continuous work flow between these partners demands a highly flexible network for conception, design and production. In order to set up this cooperation between the partners a flexible product data structure through which work packages containing design tasks can be exchanged and executed in different CAx-systems have to be available. Such a system was developed between three major companies, two of them being competitors in the ship building process.

In this study we prove the feasibility of the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sea surface temperature algorithms to derive operational lake surface water temperature (LSWT). A validation study covering 2 years was done using data from the AVHRR on NOAA 12, 15, 16, and 17, the MODIS on TERRA, and AQUA and with different method-ingested in situ data from different sized lakes. Best results were found for NOAA 16 nighttime data at Lake Geneva (bias of 0.18 K and standard deviation of 0.73 K) and TERRA nighttime data at Lake Constance (satellite-buoy bias of À0.08 K and standard deviation of 0.92 K). For all sensor families an overall scatter ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 K was found. Bias of MODIS is larger, À1.73 to 1.9 K, than the one of the AVHRR (À0.28 to 1.5 K). The current orbital configuration of the platforms used revealed the diurnal evolution of the lake surface temperature amplitude from space. The damped mixing found for a typical calm and clear-sky regime is different from open ocean conditions. As the main error source, we found undetected cloudy pixel. Furthermore, the physical difference between skin and bulk temperature, especially its relation to the diurnal thermocline, solar insolation, and wind stress contributes to the bias and scatter within the match-up data set. The data sets have been validated to allow further application for LSWT climatology and assimilation into numerical weather prediction models.