Sexual Violence Prevention

Trauma, Transgenerational Transfer and Effects on Community Wellbeing 10 Judy Atkinson, Jeff Nelson and Caroline Atkinson OVERVIEW This chapter focuses on how the effects of experiencing trauma are transmitted within and across generations, and how whole communities can ...

The Home Learning Program (BDR), which must be implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic, directly increases the workload of mothers as learning companions for children to replace teachers' duties. Apart from the facilities used, the difficulties found were related to the division of working time between household work and child assistance, difficulties with children's learning materials, disciplining children to learn. The impact is that learning assistance only becomes a side activity after completing household chores. The difficulties faced by mothers cannot be separated from the level of education, communication between parents and schools (teachers) and the double burden of mothers in household affairs.  Program Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) yang harus dilaksanakan akibat pendemi covid 19 secara langsung menambah beban kerja ibu sebagai pendamping belajar anak menggantikan tugas guru. Selain fasilitas yang digunakan, kesulitan yang ditemukan terkait dengan pembagian waktu ker...

In 2024, Komnas Perempuan reported 25,330 occurrences of sexual violence in Indonesia and 21,952 female victims. The government has long implemented Law Number 12 of 2022 (The Law on Sexual Violence Crimes) to eliminate and prevent Crime Against Humanity, especially the sexual exploitation of Indonesian women. This study aims to identify the regulation's content, identify its challenges, and optimize its implementation. The analysis shows that the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes protects us from all forms of sexual violence, including UPT PPA in 38 provinces. Due to a patriarchal society, community participation in sexual violence prevention activities is low. To optimize The Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, socialize the value of government-community cooperation in sexual violence eradication programs.

Pernikahan pada usia dini masih menjadi fenomena yang cukup sering ditemui di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Kondisi ini tidak hanya menimbulkan dampak sosial dan psikologis, tetapi juga berdampak serius pada kesehatan, khususnya bagi perempuan yang menjalani kehamilan di usia yang belum matang. Dalam Islam, pernikahan adalah bagian dari ibadah yang mulia, namun pelaksanaannya tidak semata-mata berdasarkan usia, melainkan juga kesiapan jasmani dan rohani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pandangan Islam mengenai pernikahan usia dini serta menganalisis dampaknya terhadap status gizi ibu hamil. Penulisan dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dengan menelaah sumber-sumber ajaran Islam seperti Al-Qur’an, Hadis, serta fatwa ulama kontemporer, dan mengaitkannya dengan data kesehatan yang tersedia dalam jurnal maupun laporan instansi resmi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hukum Islam tidak menetapkan usia minimum secara eksplisit, syarat kedewasaan (baligh) dan kemampuan bertanggung jawab (rusyd) menjadi pertimbangan penting. Dari sisi kesehatan, kehamilan yang terjadi akibat pernikahan dini memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap kekurangan gizi, anemia, dan komplikasi selama masa kehamilan hingga persalinan. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya pendekatan kolaboratif antara tenaga kesehatan dan tokoh agama dalam upaya edukasi serta penundaan usia pernikahan. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini adalah bahwa penggabungan nilai-nilai keislaman dan prinsip kesehatan masyarakat dapat menjadi langkah efektif dalam mencegah dampak negatif dari pernikahan usia dini, khususnya terhadap gizi dan keselamatan ibu hamil.

Pernikahan pada usia dini masih menjadi fenomena yang cukup sering ditemui di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Kondisi ini tidak hanya menimbulkan dampak sosial dan psikologis, tetapi juga berdampak serius pada kesehatan, khususnya bagi perempuan yang menjalani kehamilan di usia yang belum matang. Dalam Islam, pernikahan adalah bagian dari ibadah yang mulia, namun pelaksanaannya tidak semata-mata berdasarkan usia, melainkan juga kesiapan jasmani dan rohani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pandangan Islam mengenai pernikahan usia dini serta menganalisis dampaknya terhadap status gizi ibu hamil. Penulisan dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dengan menelaah sumber-sumber ajaran Islam seperti Al-Qur'an, Hadis, serta fatwa ulama kontemporer, dan mengaitkannya dengan data kesehatan yang tersedia dalam jurnal maupun laporan instansi resmi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hukum Islam tidak menetapkan usia minimum secara eksplisit, syarat kedewasaan (baligh) dan kemampuan bertanggung jawab (rusyd) menjadi pertimbangan penting. Dari sisi kesehatan, kehamilan yang terjadi akibat pernikahan dini memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap kekurangan gizi, anemia, dan komplikasi selama masa kehamilan hingga persalinan. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya pendekatan kolaboratif antara tenaga kesehatan dan tokoh agama dalam upaya edukasi serta penundaan usia pernikahan. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini adalah bahwa penggabungan nilai-nilai keislaman dan prinsip kesehatan masyarakat dapat menjadi langkah efektif dalam mencegah dampak negatif dari pernikahan usia dini, khususnya terhadap gizi dan keselamatan ibu hamil.

This article explores intuition as a vital, science-supported tool in women's personal safety and threat detection. Drawing on cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and survivor narratives, it reframes intuition as rapid cognition—a subconscious data aggregation process evolved to detect risk. While often dismissed due to cultural biases favouring rationality, intuition operates through sophisticated, experience-based pattern recognition. Suppression of intuitive responses, commonly driven by social conditioning, politeness norms, and authority dismissal, can lead to serious safety consequences. Through academic research and real-world examples, this paper argues for the recognition of intuition as a legitimate cognitive mechanism and offers practical strategies to cultivate and act upon it. Embracing intuition is presented not as emotional overreaction, but as an evidence-based, empowering practice for violence prevention.

This study investigates the role of active and passive bystander behaviors in workplace cyberbullying (WPCB) and their impact on employee innovation performance, filling a critical gap in the literature on bullying in digital work environments. A structured online survey collected data from 328 white-collar professionals. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to test the relationships between WPCB, bystander behavior, social engagement, social withdrawal, and innovation performance. Active bystander interventions significantly mitigate the negative effects of WPCB by increasing employee social engagement and enhancing innovation performance. Conversely, passive bystanders exacerbate the harmful impacts of WPCB, leading to increased social withdrawal and a decline in innovation. WPCB's direct effect on innovation was found to be insignificant, but indirect effects through social behaviors were substantial. Organizations should promote active bystander behavior through targeted training and policy development, fostering a workplace culture that discourages cyberbullying and supports social engagement to enhance innovation. Addressing passive bystander behaviors and fostering a supportive work environment can reduce the prevalence of WPCB and its detrimental effects on individuals and organizational culture, contributing to healthier social interactions at work. This research offers novel insights into how bystander behavior moderates the relationship between WPCB and innovation performance, presenting a unique perspective on managing workplace conflict in the digital age.

This paper maps key factors that activate adult stakeholders in Ontario to support curriculum pertaining to consent and non-violence in K-12 education. The paper draws from a study that used three qualitative approaches: (1) the design of an original media literacy curriculum module for Ontario youth ages 13-15; (2) curriculum assessment of the module by diverse stakeholders in Ontario K-12 education (n=20); and (3) analysis of archival documents pertaining to consent education and media literacy in Ontario, including official curriculum and media reports. Four key factors united stakeholders in supporting K-12 curriculum pertaining to consent and non-violence in Ontario. Firstly, stakeholders are intrigued by media-based pedagogies that can facilitate consent education that is "culturally relevant" (Ladson-Billings 1994; 1995) for diverse learners in Ontario. Stakeholders are also more likely to support consent and violence prevention initiatives if accompanied by professional development and teaching tools. Educator collectives and political organizing also allow for more feminist and social-justice pedagogies in the classroom, including consent education. Finally, parent councils and community groups are essential places for activism and knowledge sharing that can meet the needs of community members, while addressing stakeholders' attitudes and behaviours that gatekeep violence prevention initiatives in education.

Sexual harassment remains a pervasive issue in societies worldwide, perpetuating gender inequalities and violating human rights. This paper critically examines the prevalence, impact, and strategies to combat sexual harassment. Through a comprehensive review of literature, legal frameworks, and case studies, this paper argues that urgent, comprehensive action is required to effectively combat sexual harassment. Various strategies and interventions, including legal reforms, organizational policies, and educational initiatives, are discussed to create safer and more equitable environments.

For a long time, it was believed that universities would remain untouched by the #MeToo movement, as if it were inconceivable that harassment and gender-based violence could occur in a place entirely dedicated to knowledge, in this temple of the mind. This has not been the case, and it is only logical: the university is not a bubble isolated from society but a reflection of it, a microcosm traversed by the same crises and questions. In the academic world, gender-based violence is a documented reality that must be fully acknowledged. While being fully immersed in society and its time, the university—and this is one of its strengths—has the power to change society and guide its evolution in a desirable direction. This is precisely the pivotal point where UCLouvain stands today. The ambition of this report is to support the university in this essential transition. The stakes are high. Harassment and gender-based violence are violations of human rights that have lasting effects on victims and their participation in community life.

On a longtemps pu croire que l'Université demeurerait à l'écart de la vague #MeToo comme s'il était inconcevable que le harcèlement et la violence de genre puissent se produire dans un lieu dédié tout entier au savoir, dans ce temple de l'esprit. Il n'en a rien été et ce n'est que logique : l'Université n'est pas une bulle retranchée de la société, mais un reflet de celle-ci, un microcosme traversé par les mêmes crises et les mêmes questionnements. Dans le milieu universitaire, la violence de genre est une réalité, solidement documentée, dont il faut prendre la juste mesure. Mais tout en étant immergée pleinement dans la société et son temps, l'Université, et c'est l'une de ses forces, a le pouvoir de changer celle-ci et de la faire évoluer dans une direction jugée souhaitable. Tel est précisément le point charnière où l'UCLouvain se situe aujourd'hui. Et l'ambition du présent rapport est d'accompagner l'Université dans cette indispensable transition. L'enjeu est de taille. Le harcèlement et la violence de genre constituent des violations des droits humains, lesquelles affectent durablement les victimes et leur participation à la vie de la collectivité.

Evidence suggests that certain migrant populations are at increased risk of abusive behaviors. It is unclear whether this may also apply to Thai rural-urban migrants, who may experience higher levels of psychosocial adversities than the population at large. The study aims to examine the association between migration status and the history of childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse among young Thai people in an urban community. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Northern Bangkok on a representative sample of 1052 young residents, aged 16-25 years. Data were obtained concerning: 1) exposures-migration (defined as an occasion when a young person, born in a more rural area moves for the first time into Greater Bangkok) and age at migration. 2) outcomes-child abuse experiences were assessed with an anonymous self report adapted from the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). There were 8.4%. 16.6% and 56.0% reporting sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. Forty six percent of adolescents had migrated from rural areas to Bangkok, mostly independently at the age of 15 or after to seek work. Although there were trends towards higher prevalences of the three categories of abuse among early migrants, who moved to Bangkok before the age of 15, being early migrants was independently associated with experiences of physical abuse (OR 1.9 95% CI 1.1-3.2) and emotional abuse (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.0) only. Our results suggest that rural-urban migration at an early age may place children at higher risk of physical and emotional abuse. This may have policy implications for the prevention of childhood abuse particularly among young people on the move. Keywords Child abuse . Transients and migrants . Young adult . Thailand Recognition of the significance of child abuse as a global public health concern and its devastating impact has increased . In line with the report, violation of children's right, such as child prostitution and labor in Thailand, is widespread (Berger and Glind 1999). The magnitude of child abuse experiences has also been demonstrated by a number of epidemiological studies . Child abuse has various definitions, which have never been formally operationalized . However, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect recently compared definitions of abuse from 58 countries and found commonalities in what was considered abusive . It is agreed that child abuse or maltreatment constitutes many forms that result in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust, or power (WHO

Workplace violence and harassment pose a significant obstacle to the implementation of all the International Labour Standards and is a threat to fundamental principles and right at work. Since its inception, the ILO has been working to prevent violence and harassment in the workplace through various labour standards. With the adoption of ILO Violence and Harassment Convention No. 190 in 2019, the struggle became more concrete. Today, Convention 190 serves as a powerful guide for states, workers, and employers’ organizations to establish zero-tolerance policies against violence and harassment. It provides realistic and actionable methods for preventing violence and harassment and supporting victims. It acknowledges that violence and harassment, including gender-based violence andharassment, exist in the workplaces and emphasizes the need to develop policies to address and prevent them in the workplaces as human rights violation.

This research, carried out as part of the "More and Better Jobs for Women" programme funded by Sweden and conducted by the ILO Office for Türkiye in collaboration with Özyeğin University, is the first in Türkiye to cover such a broad scope in terms of both the sectors and types of violence. In addition to findings on perceptions and experiences related to physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence and discrimination in the workplace, this quantitative research also examines referral and support mechanisms. Based on the guidance provided by the research findings, policy recommendations have been developed for all actors in the world of work.

Abstract
Child abuse is a global issue affecting millions of children each year, with devastating psychological, physical, and social consequences. This article examines key international laws and prevention strategies adopted globally to combat child abuse. By analyzing legislations such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Lanzarote Convention, and the European Union Directive 2011/93/EU, the article also explores the effectiveness of prevention policies and the need for an integrated approach involving governments, professionals, and communities. Additionally, evidence-based preventive models are discussed, with a particular focus on training, awareness-raising, and access to support services for victims.

Up to the year 2000, there was very little scientific evidence in this region about the scale of child maltreatment, its effects on children, families, and society, and the resultant economic burden. Since then, many agencies large and small, government and nongovernment, and universitybased researchers have worked independently with diverse groups of people to measure violence, neglect and other childhood adversities and to understand the harmful consequences. While the accumulated evidence is mostly patchy and the methodological quality is variable, there is now enough data to compose an overall regional picture. Guided by the UNICEF East Asia and Pacific office in Bangkok, researchers completed several systematic reviews between 2012 to 2015 1-3 and that work has been complemented by reviews focused on China and Australia. The Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health is making an increasingly important contribution to the evidence base on violence and other maltreatment in childhood, through publication of recent studies from China, 7 Japan, 8 Taiwan, 7,9 Vietnam, 7,10 and other countries. There are 3 clear conclusions from reviews of published data from throughout this region. 1. Violence against children is common. No population group has negligible levels of child maltreatment. While definitions of violence and neglect vary, there are clear indications that emotional, physical and sexual abuse, neglect by parents or guardians, and exposure to domestic violence in childhood are experienced by many young people. 2. Violence against children is shaped by local factors. There is no "true" prevalence statistic that can be generalized to children across the region. Prevalence of different forms of violence varies considerably across countries, provinces, cultural groups, and social

In order to continue pushing college campuses to the forefront of survivorcentered practice and student-centered care, it is imperative that the barriers students experience in accessing campus sexual violence resource centers be documented and addressed. This research evaluates student and staff perceptions of barriers to accessing the Campus Assault Resources and Education (CARE) offices on three University of California (UC) campuses. Data were collected by researchers from UC Speaks Up, a crosscampus research initiative at UC Los Angeles (UCLA), UC Santa Barbara (UCSB), and UC San Diego (UCSD) aimed at understanding factors that both contribute to and prevent sexual violence among college students. This analysis only included data that yielded insights into CARE's accessibility. Thematic analysis of 63 interviews and 27 focus group discussions was

Kasus kekerasan seksual di kampus seperti halnya fenomena gunung es di mana kasus nyata jauh lebih banyak dari hanya
kasus yang tampak. Salah satu penyebab maraknya kasus kekerasan seksual di lingkungan kampus karena kurangnya
pemahaman mahasiswa tentang apa saja yang termasuk dalam kekerasan seksual dan apa yang harus dilakukan ketika
menjadi korban. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman terkait
dengan kekerasan seksual pada mahasiswa di lingkungan kampus. Sebanyak 25 mahasiswa yang mengikuti sosialisasi ini
dan diperoleh peningkatan nilai dari pretest (42,40) ke posttest (96,40). Selanjutnya hasil uji gain score diperoleh nilai
rata-rata sebesar 92,95 atau 93% yang termasuk dalam kategori efektif. Kesimpulannya adalah sosialisasi pencegahan
kekerasan seksual di kampus terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang pencegahan kekerasan
seksual.

How can it be that in the era in which almost one million Americans are on sex offender registries — most of whom are publicly stigmatized on websites, banished from their homes, shunned from their jobs, prevented from uniting with their families and traveling internationally, forced into homelessness, all of which increases their risk for suicide, and shames their spouses and children, even if their offenses occurred long in the past — that the #MeToo movement would explode, revealing widespread sexual misconduct against women, by powerful men, protected by iconic institutions? How can we have had three decades of the most aggressive, “spare-no-expense” laws ostensibly designed to prevent sexual violence and, at the same time, observe the widespread failure of law enforcement agencies to take the simple step of analyzing sexual assault kits, as a first step in the investigation of allegations of sexual abuse? How can these phenomena co-exist? This Article argues that this incongrui...

Tous droits réservés © Reflets, Revue d'intervention sociale et communautaire, 2015 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'

This study examines how 52 racially diverse graduate students enrolled in a social justice program in a large urban Canadian university relate to others who are socially or racially different. Using a method involving creative student audio productions and self-reflections, the study finds that despite extensive learning about others and engaging with postcolonial, race, feminist, queer, Indigenous and other critical theories and knowledges in the program, both racially privileged students and those who are members of disadvantaged and marginalized social groups enact relations extending power structures imagined as “solidarity.” These relations are shaped by broader historical forces, such as racism and colonization, as well as contemporary aspects of Canadian academia that remain understudied in the literature. These findings call for social justice curriculum and teaching for solidarity that could move learners from thinking critically and feeling empathy for others to behaving ethically and standing in political togetherness with those others as equals. The study suggests that transnational feminist political practices of solidarity mobilizing cross-racial and cross-national women’s movements present valuable pedagogies that could position students for such political relating.

World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 defines child maltreatment as all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, negligence and commercial or other exploitation, which results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship.

Background: Sexual assault is a worldwide problem that has not yet been sufficiently acknowledged as confirmed by the literature. Italian law n.96, 1996, foreseeing norms regarding rape and sexual abuse, finally gave significant relevance to sex crimes. In 2004, the European Commission for Justice Internal Affairs and Social Politics promoted the Daphne II program to support victims of rape and abuse, and the Violence and Operative Healthcare Networks (Ve.R.S.O.) project started at the Policlinico "P. Giaccone" University Hospital of Palermo in 2006. Aim: data analysis emerging from 10 years experience of Daphne protocol utilization for the management of sexual assault victims. Methods: From October 2006 since December 2016 a total of 90 victims of sexual assault were retrospectively investigated. Patients are divided into groups in relation to: gender, age, place of SA, number and type of assailant, nature of sexual assault, presence/absence of physical or genital injuries. Results: Among victims 88 were females (97%) and 2 males (3%); 68 Italians (75.5%) and 22 foreigners (24.5%). At the time the events occurred, 42% (n = 38) of the victims were minors aged less than 16 years. In 11 cases, the age of the victim is not indicated. The assailant was an acquaintance of the victim in 65% of the cases (in 73% of these cases, the assailant was a family member). In 26 cases (28%) happened indoor, 44 cases happened outdoor and in 20 cases there were no data. Evidence of recent acute general body trauma (abrasions, bruises, lacerations) was found in 38 cases (42%); other types of injuries include: genital trauma (14 cases, 15%), genital and body traumas (49 cases, 54%) (tab. 1-2-). In 24 cases (26%) there were no injuries. Among genital trauma, we distinguished vulvovaginal lesions (68.5%) and anal lesions (31.5%). We have classified the minor victims using first Adam's classification and based on Adam's classification revised in 2015. Conclusion: Application of the Ve.R.S.O project protocol changed and greatly improved health management of victims of violence. By following these procedures, violence and abuse are analyzed from every point of view, also for an appropriate assessment of the medium and long term health consequences of sexual assault. Only in this way are citizens provided with a high level of protection against gender violence, psychological support and prevention from any form of violence which takes place in respect of such vulnerable people.

Sexual crime comprises child sexual abuse, grouping, rape, or the torture of a person in a sexual manner. Recently, sexual crimes have posed a threat to children in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Get Personal application in enhancing children's personal safety skills against sexual crime. A pre-post control group design was utilized with a quasi-experimental approach. Twenty-two elementary school pupils who participated in the study were split into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving the Get Personal application treatment. The personal safety skills scale was utilized to obtain the pretest and posttest data. The data were analyzed by independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. Significant differences were found in the results of personal safety skills in the pretest and posttest scores in the experimental group, while the control group didn’t indicate any difference. Following the paired t-test, indivi...

Kasus kekerasan seksual anak (KSA) di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Orangtua berperan penting dalam pendidikan pencegahan KSA. Tujuan penelitian untuk memetakan intervensi bagi orang tua dalam mencegah KSA. Desain penelitian scoping review. Pencarian artikel menggunakan database terkomputerisasi, yaitu: CINAHL EBSCO, PubMed, Pyschoinfo, Google Scholar, Jurnal Unpad, dan pencarian secara manual dengan menggunakan kunci berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia. Hasil artikel awal didapatkan berjumlah 15.507, kemudian dilakukan penyaringan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi serta dilakukan penilainan artikel sehingga menghasilkan 18 artikel yang memenuhi syarat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ditemukan ada 6 bentuk intervensi pencegahan KSA yang dapat dilakukan orang tua, yaitu pemberian pendidikan kesehatan seksual pada orangtua, pemberian pendidikan bagi orang tua tentang pencegahan KSA, program pendidikan keluarga, pola asuh orang tua yang baik, optimalisasi peran orang tua, dan hubungan tingk...

Women experience imbalances in various career and work development processes. The purpose of this study is to look at the multitasking perspective of the role of women in the phenomenon of the glass ceiling and the factors that cause the phenomenon of the glass ceiling in various cases where women work. It also explains the role of women in various Bureaucrat sectors, Executive/Legislative members, CEOs, and arts workers. This study shows that women are in an inferior position both due to structural and cultural pressures in society. The condition of Indonesian society has not fully provided support for women's work positions in both formal and informal employment. In the case of Indonesia, women even have a dual role in addition to the main work also in domestic work. This often becomes a dilemma in the career development of a working woman. This position is different from a male worker who can focus on formal employment.

Background: Bullying victimization among school-aged children is an important public health issue that may affect their well-being and mental health. However, few studies have been conducted on left-behind children in rural China, who are defined as the children who stay in rural areas for more than six months and have one or both parents migrating to urban areas for work. The mechanisms through which bullying victimization will influence depression have disproportionally adopted a psychopathological perspective, and the protective factors are understudied. Objective: This study aims at investigating the factors that might contribute to breaking up the vicious circle between bullying victimization and developmental problems, focusing on the protective role of self-compassion and hope in the association between bullying victimization and depression. Methods: Using questionnaires, data were collected from a sample of 1091 school-aged left-behind children from west and central China. Results: Compared with rural children living with their parents, left-behind children reported a higher level of bullying victimization. Bullying victimization was positively associated with depression through decreased self-compassion and hope, and self-compassion played a more crucial role than hope in the linkage between bullying victimization and depression. Conclusions: Our study's findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate self-compassion and hope in mental health prevention and intervention programs targeting left-behind children with bullying victimization experiences. 1. Introduction Bullying may take overt or covert forms that include physical (e.g., hitting, kicking), verbal (e.g., name-calling, threats), or psychological aggression (e.g., rumors, exclusion), and it is a form of proactive or reactive aggression with the intent to harm or disturb another less powerful person or group repeatedly over time (Olweus, 1978; Slee, 1995). Substantial evidence has shown that many children in elementary and high schools are victimized by their peers (Barzilay et al., 2017; Nansel et al., 2001), and it has been found that peer victimization has both short-and long-term influences on children's mental health problems, such as depression,

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kurikulum berbasiss keterampilan perlindungan diri terhadap kekerasan seksual pada anak usia dini. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, kasus kekerasan pada anak (child abuse) mengalami peningkatan. Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak mencatat bahwa sejak tahun 2010, jumlah kekerasan pada anak baik secara fisik maupun psikis mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, terutama dalam bentuk kejahatan seksual pada anak. Pendidikan anak usia dini sebagai bagian makro dari perkembangan anak dan bagian dari masyarakat memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mencegah terjadinya tindak kekerasan pada anak. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengembangkan kurikulum berbasis keterampilan perlindungan diri pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kolaboratif dengan objek penelitian terdiri dari 5 lembaga PAUD yang mewakili setiap kecamatan di kabupaten Tanah Datar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 3 dari 5 lembaga PAUD di Kabupaten Tanah Datar tid...

Gender discrimination and injustice add to the burden on women, especially women headed family. The status of the headed family puts women in difficult conditions. Apart from being the breadwinners in the family, women also have to take care of their own households so that women headed families are the poorest group in Indonesia. Women headed of family as poor and vulnerable groups need empowerment in order to achieve sustainable livelihoods. This research explores the empowerment of women headed family carried out by the SPEK-HAM Surakarta Foundation. The results showed that economic empowerment was carried out through two mentoring, first pre-empowerment which is one way of approaching women headed family through household studies and area mapping, further empowerment is carried out in the form of waste banks, pre-cooperatives and efforts to improve the economy.

Sexual harassment is persistent, prevalent and under-reported in Australian workplaces despite its legal regulation over many decades. The most recent survey data in Australia indicate that the majority of individuals who are subject to sexual harassment at work do not make a formal report or lodge a complaint. The opportunity for voice that organisational processes provide to those who experience sexual harassment at work is a particular focus, given the under-reporting problem. The paper also considers the impact of organisational processes on those who observe the inappropriate behaviour and/or the organisational response. Ultimately, this paper argues that organisations should reduce their reliance on individual complaints by expanding the pathways by which concerns can be raised or observed behaviours addressed that offer alternative voice mechanisms, with an emphasis on problem-solving and early intervention where this is appropriate. The paper also considers different communications strategies, such as approaches to training, the sharing of information about workplace incidents, and leadership on the issue within organisations.

The Breakfast Briefing material provided in this working paper is for general information only. It does not constitute legal or other professional advice and it should not be regarded as a substitute for them. It is important to note that the contents of the Briefings were current at the time of their first presentation 12 months or more ago but that this may no longer be the case.

Sexual harassment is persistent, prevalent and under-reported in Australian workplaces despite its legal regulation over many decades. The most recent survey data in Australia indicate that the majority of individuals who are subject to sexual harassment at work do not make a formal report or lodge a complaint. The opportunity for voice that organisational processes provide to those who experience sexual harassment at work is a particular focus, given the under-reporting problem. The paper also considers the impact of organisational processes on those who observe the inappropriate behaviour and/or the organisational response. Ultimately, this paper argues that organisations should reduce their reliance on individual complaints by expanding the pathways by which concerns can be raised or observed behaviours addressed that offer alternative voice mechanisms, with an emphasis on problem-solving and early intervention where this is appropriate. The paper also considers different communi...

Background: Complex, ongoing social factors have led to a context where metabolic syndrome (MetS) is disproportionately high in Aboriginal Australians. MetS is characterised by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood-sugar and low HDL-C. This descriptive study aimed to document physical activity levels, including domains and intensity and sedentary behaviour, and MetS risk factors in the Perth Aboriginal (predominately Noongar) community. Methods: The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), together with a questionnaire on self-reported MetS risk factors, was circulated to community members for completion during 2014 (n = 129). Results: Data were analysed using chi-squared tests. The average (SD) age was 37.8 years (14) and BMI of 31.4 (8.2) kg/m2. Occupational, transport-related and leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary intensities were reported across age categories. The median (interquartile range) daily sedentary t...

The Home Learning Program (BDR), which must be implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic, directly increases the workload of mothers as learning companions for children to replace teachers' duties. Apart from the facilities used, the difficulties found were related to the division of working time between household work and child assistance, difficulties with children's learning materials, disciplining children to learn. The impact is that learning assistance only becomes a side activity after completing household chores. The difficulties faced by mothers cannot be separated from the level of education, communication between parents and schools (teachers) and the double burden of mothers in household affairs.  Program Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) yang harus dilaksanakan akibat pendemi covid 19 secara langsung menambah beban kerja ibu sebagai pendamping belajar anak menggantikan tugas guru. Selain fasilitas yang digunakan, kesulitan yang ditemukan terkait dengan pembagian waktu ker...

Background: Violence against children (VAC) is a widespread, global issue with far-reaching social and economic consequences. In recent years, VAC has received substantial international attention, resulting in government initiatives to reduce VAC, in part, by strengthening data collection and information systems. Objective: This scoping review was undertaken to map survey methodologies for VAC measurement in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries and to identify key considerations for developing both methodologically sound and culturally appropriate VAC surveys in Indonesia and similar contexts. Methods: The authors conducted manual and automated searches in English and Bahasa Indonesia through PubMed, global databases, and websites, and consulted with partners from the government of Indonesia and the child protection field to identify surveys conducted from 2006 to 2016 in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The search identified 275 records, of which 11 met all inclusion criteria. Results: The 11 surveys utilized a wide range of methodologies and employed inconsistent definitions, different age ranges for respondents, and different combinations of self-administered and face-to-face modes. A majority of the studies utilized household-based sampling, did not include a qualitative component, and used a tablet for data collection. Conclusion: In developing VAC surveys, researchers should consider which groups of children are excluded from the sampling frame; how qualitative data can be used to strengthen the validity of survey results; how to maximize privacy in face-to-face interviews; and whether selfadministered modes are feasible and acceptable. Researchers should also ensure that the survey and research protocol undergo rigorous ethical review.

How can it be that in the era in which almost one million Americans are on sex offender registries — most of whom are publicly stigmatized on websites, banished from their homes, shunned from their jobs, prevented from uniting with their families and traveling internationally, forced into homelessness, all of which increases their risk for suicide, and shames their spouses and children, even if their offenses occurred long in the past — that the #MeToo movement would explode, revealing widespread sexual misconduct against women, by powerful men, protected by iconic institutions? How can we have had three decades of the most aggressive, “spare-no-expense” laws ostensibly designed to prevent sexual violence and, at the same time, observe the widespread failure of law enforcement agencies to take the simple step of analyzing sexual assault kits, as a first step in the investigation of allegations of sexual abuse? How can these phenomena co-exist? This Article argues that this incongrui...

Scientific literature has shown that both suffering gender-based violence and taking a stand against it could provoke severe retaliation from bystanders, including negative consequences on health. Together with some women, several men—defined as New Alternative Masculinities—have also contributed to fighting against sexual violence in several contexts, also suffering dramatic consequences, known as Isolating Gender Violence (IGV). This article fills the gap on inquiring how men suffering IGV due to intervening in supporting survivors has affected the men’s health. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with men from different contexts and countries and men of different social profiles. The findings reveal how men’s health is better protected when they build networks of support while overcoming the fear of retaliation in achieving to empower direct survivors. In addition, the results recognize men as crucial actors in the struggle against GBV and overcoming IGV, as women potentially ...

Sexual harassment in the workplace continues to be experienced by many women around the world. Men may also be sexually harassed in the workplace by women or by other men. Given the pronounced attention accorded over the last few months to high ranking individuals within South Africa and the USA who have allegedly been involved in incidences of sexual harassment, the study is timely. The focus of sexual harassment studies within the workplace is furthermore important as it affects the employees, employers and the workplace as a whole. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of sexual harassment of employees of an information technology company. Information technology has typically been a male dominated occupation, and prevailing traditional, paternalistic attitudes may adversely impact on women's choice and pursuit of a career in this field. However, South African legislation, promulgated to enhance the intake of women and marginalised groups, has sought to strengthen gender equality and, concomitantly, the participation of women in information technology. The current research was conducted by administering the Sexual Harassment Experience Questionnaire and Perception of Sexual Harassment Questionnaire to a sample of 131 employees. These questionnaires were distributed via email within one organisation and four regional branches of the same organisation. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences between males' and females' experiences of sexual harassment in the workplace. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences between divorced employees and single and married employees in terms of their experiences and perceptions of sexual harassment. Lastly, the perception of sexual harassment was found to differ according to respondents' educational levels. However, there was no statistically significant difference in perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment on the basis of age, level of education and tenure within the current organisation. http://etd.uwc.ac.za iv | P a g e Notwithstanding some of the methodological limitations, most notably the small sample size and the fact that a non-probability sample was utilised, some interesting findings emerged. While the results are of a somewhat tenuous nature and may need to be interpreted with caution, there are nevertheless important implications for organisations. Recommendations with respect to how to address sexual harassment are proposed.

Workplace bullying is a serious psychosocial risk which, when poorly managed, results in detrimental outcomes for individuals, organizations, and society. Some of the most common strategies for addressing bullying within the workplace centre on attempts to document and contextualise
the bullying situation—that is, the internal complaint and investigation process. Scholarly inquiries of these investigative mechanisms, however, are limited, and most have neglected the influence of organisational justice as an underpinning mechanism in explaining complainant dissatisfaction. Using evidence from 280 real-life cases of workplace bullying lodged with a peak work, health, and safety agency, we identify how organizational justice manifests in externally referred cases of workplace bullying. Specifically, we match complainant evaluations of the internal complaint and investigation handling process to domains of organisational justice, thereby ascertaining potential threats to efforts
to effectively manage and prevent bullying in the workplace. Four types of justice—distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational—were identified within the cases. Specifically, in cases of workplace bullying where distributive justice is not upheld (usually by virtue of unsubstantiated claims), the way in which information is gathered and decisions are made (procedural), the way in which the parties are treated (interpersonal), and the timeliness and validity of explanations provided
(informational) are all cited by complainants as key factors in their decision to escalate the complaint to an external investigative body. These results signal the need for timely, clear, and compassionate investigative processes that validate complainants’ experiences and serve as a tool for rebuilding trust and repairing damaged relationships in the workplace.

How can it be that in the era in which almost one million Americans are on sex offender registries-most of whom are publicly stigmatized on websites, banished from their homes, shunned from their jobs, prevented from uniting with their families and traveling internationally, forced into homelessness, all of which increases their risk for suicide, and shames their spouses and children, even if their offenses occurred long in the past-that the #MeToo movement would explode, revealing widespread sexual misconduct against women, by powerful men, protected by iconic institutions? How can we have had three decades of the most aggressive, "spare-no-expense" laws ostensibly designed to prevent sexual violence and, at the same time, observe the widespread failure of law enforcement agencies to take the simple step of analyzing sexual assault kits, as a first step in the investigation of allegations of sexual abuse? How can these phenomena co-exist? This Article argues that this incongruity is not an ironic coincidence, but rather a flaw that goes to the heart of our contemporary approach to sexual violence prevention. This flaw has, at its core, an almost obsessive focus on recidivistic sexual violence. Understanding this central characteristic will illuminate a framework for an alternative approach to our public policy on sexual violence, one in which the prevention of recidivism plays but a small role in a more comprehensive approach to sexual violence and its place in our culture The flaws in the regulatory intervention policies are not an accidental characteristic, but arise from, and in turn support and protect, the very phenomena underlying #MeToo and the SAK revelations: the cultural attitudes, values and practices that allow sexual violence against women to flourish. Indeed, the thesis is that our aggressive policies are, in a perverse way, designed precisely to protect this aspect of our society-what feminists might call "the patriarchy"-from taking full accountability and responsibility for its role in sexual violence. In this sense, we can say that #MeToo and SAK backlogs persist not in spite of, but in significant measure because of the nature of the aggressive regulatory policies addressed to sexual recidivism.

This article aims to explore and identify how Human Resource Professionals (HRPs) act unfairly/unjustly in handling complaints of sexual harassment by applying the principles of organizational justice theory. Following qualitative research methodology, 35 HRPs from 30 companies in Sri Lanka were interviewed. The findings indicated the numerous ways that procedural, distributive, and interactional injustices take place in handling complaints of sexual harassment. Under procedural injustice, it was found that HRPs sometimes took judgmental and biased actions and decisions, dismissed complaints due to lack of evidence, over relied on evidence, gave the responsibility of finding evidence to the complainant, and mandated an initial written complaint to proceed with the handling of the complaint. Under distributive injustice, the HRPs sometimes have not taken any action against the perpetrators, taken unfair, unethical, and biased actions that were not consistent with the severity of the sexually harassing behavior, had asked the perpetrators to resign rather than terminate their services and taken action against the complainant in the pretext of protecting them or resolving the situation. Breaching the interactional justice, HRPs, at times, appear to have not treated employees with respect and care and had not provided sufficient information to the parties of the complaints. These unfair/unjust practices point towards the pitfalls that HRPs knowingly or unknowingly encounter, which will help HRPs to avoid them and thereby handle sexual harassment complaints fairly.

This article outlines the origins, philosophy, and pedagogy of the Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program, which has played a significant role in the gender violence prevention field since its inception in 1993. MVP was one of the first large-scale programs to target men for prevention efforts, as well as the first to operate systematically in sports culture and the U.S. military. MVP also introduced the "bystander" approach to the field. MVP employs a social justice, gender-focused approach to prevention. Key features of this approach are described and contrasted with individualistic, events-based strategies that have proliferated on college campuses and elsewhere in recent years.

Background: Bullying victimization among school-aged children is an important public health issue that may affect their well-being and mental health. However, few studies have been conducted on left-behind children in rural China, who are defined as the children who stay in rural areas for more than six months and have one or both parents migrating to urban areas for work. The mechanisms through which bullying victimization will influence depression have disproportionally adopted a psychopathological perspective, and the protective factors are understudied. Objective: This study aims at investigating the factors that might contribute to breaking up the vicious circle between bullying victimization and developmental problems, focusing on the protective role of self-compassion and hope in the association between bullying victimization and depression. Methods: Using questionnaires, data were collected from a sample of 1091 school-aged left-behind children from west and central China. Results: Compared with rural children living with their parents, left-behind children reported a higher level of bullying victimization. Bullying victimization was positively associated with depression through decreased self-compassion and hope, and self-compassion played a more crucial role than hope in the linkage between bullying victimization and depression. Conclusions: Our study's findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate self-compassion and hope in mental health prevention and intervention programs targeting left-behind children with bullying victimization experiences. 1. Introduction Bullying may take overt or covert forms that include physical (e.g., hitting, kicking), verbal (e.g., name-calling, threats), or psychological aggression (e.g., rumors, exclusion), and it is a form of proactive or reactive aggression with the intent to harm or disturb another less powerful person or group repeatedly over time (Olweus, 1978; Slee, 1995). Substantial evidence has shown that many children in elementary and high schools are victimized by their peers (Barzilay et al., 2017; Nansel et al., 2001), and it has been found that peer victimization has both short-and long-term influences on children's mental health problems, such as depression,

This thesis develops a theoretical explanation for men's help-seeking from informal others for mental wellbeing problems. Derived from semi-structured interviews with twenty two adult males, a constructivist-interpretivistic grounded theory methodological approach is then used, placing an emphasis on men's own explanations of the phenomenon. The theory suggests that men's decision making is influenced by three main factors: by their assessment of the ability to control functioning, by their beliefs related to perceived risks and benefits, and by the availability of certain skills and knowledge. This theory also identifies a decision-making style marked by a focus on information, both in providing it in disclosure and receiving it as support. From this theory a model is then developed of a five stage process of men's decision-making related to their disclosure of mental wellbeing problems. A key factor in this model is that men's self-assessment of having reached ...

In order to investigate whether stereotypes about sexuality can impact perceptions of sexual assault, participants read a scenario that described a situation in which a woman reported being raped. The woman's socioeconomic status (SES) was varied, so that she appeared to be of low or high-SES. Following the vignette, participants completed explicit measures that assessed victim blame, attitudes toward rape victims, and perceived promiscuity. Participants also answered an open-ended question that was coded for minimizing and maximizing language. Last, participants completed an ''attitude survey'' that measured classist attitudes. It was hypothesized that participants who read about the low-SES woman would show more rape blame, display more negative attitudes about rape victims, respond to the open-ended question with more minimizing language, and perceive her as being more promiscuous. It was also predicted that these explicit measures would be positively correlated and that the language measure would be moderated by participants' classism. Results supported these hypotheses. Participants who read about the low-SES survivor showed more negative attitudes, believed her to be more culpable, and more promiscuous. The explicit measures were positively correlated. Additionally, participants differed in linguistic minimization and maximization, such that participants who were low in classism were more likely to maximize the low-SES target's experience, whereas participants who were high in classism were more likely to minimize the low-SES target's experience. Taken together, these results suggest that low-SES women are stereotyped as being promiscuous and that this stereotype affects how they may be blamed after cases of sexual assault. Public Health Significance Statement: The results of this study suggest that low-socioeconomic status (SES) survivors of assault are more likely to be blamed and found culpable for the assault than high-SES women. These attitudes correlate with stereotypes about low-SES women's sexuality.

Penelitian sistematic review terkait metode pencegahan KSA secara khusus bagi orang tua di Indonesia masih jarang ditemukan Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisa metode pencegahan KSA berbasis orang tua. Desain penelitian menggunakan systematic review. Pencarian artikel menggunakan DOAJ, Sinta, Kandaga Unpad, dan google scholar. Pencarian awal ditemukan 3.327 artikel, setelah dilakukan screening berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan penilaian kualitas artikel diperoleh tujuh artikel yang eligible. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar (n=4) penelitian menggunakan multimetode, seperti: 1) penggunaan gabungan metode audio visual dan leaflet; 2) penggunaan gabungan metode worksheet, diskusi, booklet, ceramah, diskusi; 3) penggunaan gabungan metode role playing, game, modul pelatihan; 4) penggunaan gabungan metode ceramah dan role playing. Sedangkan sebagian lagi menggunakan metode tunggal (n=3), seperti: 1) pendidikan kesehatan underwear rules; 2) pendidikan seks. Pada penelitian ...