Server Side

Websites augmentations have been adopted as a mean for improving the User Experience of applications that often are not owned by the user. The augmentations alter the page in order to add, modify and even remove its content pursuing the satisfaction of a user's need. However, these augmentations are limited to page modification or transcluding content from another site on Internet. Moreover, advance server-side based augmentations have been released only by developers because of the required technical skill for the task. In this work, we have presented a novel approach for designing Web Augmentation coping client-side and serverside using a Model-Driven Web Engineering approach. The approach rises the abstraction level for serverside developments allowing end-users to design, and even implement the new functionalities. Additionally, the approach uses advance separation of concern principles thus we provide a set of tools for designing the composition of the core application and the augmentation. We show as running example an augmentation that introduces a site community's review support upon an agriculture e-commerce site.

Web augmentation is a set of techniques allowing users to define and execute software which is dependent on the presentation layer of a concrete Web page. Through the use of specialized Web augmentation artifacts, the end users may satisfy several kinds of requirements that were not considered by the analysts, developers and stakeholders that built the application. Although some augmentation approaches are contemplating a server-side counterpart (to support aspects such as collaboration or crossbrowser session management), the augmentation artifacts are usually purely client-side. The server-side support increases the capabilities of the augmentations, since it may allow sharing information among users and devices. So far, this support is often defined and developed in an ad hoc way. Although it is clear that server-side support brings new possibilities, it is also true that developing and deploying server-side Web applications is a challenging task that end users hardly may handle. This work presents a novel approach for designing Web augmentation applications based on client-side and server-side components. We propose a model-driven approach that raises the abstraction level of both, client-and server-side developments. We provide a set of tools for designing the composition of the core application with new features on the back-end and the augmentation of pages in the front-end. The usability and the value of the produced augmentations have been evaluated through two experiments involving 30 people in total. Model-driven Web engineering • Augmentation • Web development • Separation of concern Communicated by Prof. Joerg Kienzle.

This paper describes recent developments of the Siebog agent middleware regarding performance. This middleware supports both server-side and client-side agents. Server side agents exist as EJB session beans on the JavaEE application server, while client-side agents exist as JavaScript Worker objects in the browser. Siebog employs enterprise technologies on the server side to provide automatic agent load-balancing and fault-tolerance. On the client side this distributed architecture relies on HTML5 and related standards to support smooth running on a wide variety of hardware and software platforms. Such architecture supports rather easy, reliable and efficient communication, interaction, and coexistence between numerous agents. With the automatic clustering and state persistence, Siebog can support thousands of server-side agents, as well as thousands of external devices hosting tens of client-side agents. Performed and presented experiments showed promising results for real life applications of our architecture.

This paper presents a new multiagent middleware named Siebog, made to provide high performance and platform independence for software agents. This framework was built by combining the features of the Radigost and XJAF agent frameworks. It provides an infrastructural support for both client-side and server-side agents. The clientside agents are written in JavaScript and can be executed on a wide variety of software and hardware platforms, including desktops, smartphones and tablets, and Smart TVs. The server-side agents, on the other hand, can harness the benefits of clustered environments, and rely on automated load-balancing and fault-tolerance for the uninterrupted delivery of services. The two sides of Siebog have been integrated in a way that enables cross-platform messaging, agent code sharing, and even heterogeneous agent mobility.

Accidents are the main hurdles for using bicycles to change our transport habits. After many studies, there is no generally adopted solution. Two (non exclusive) approaches can be applied: one is based on the direct detection among vehicles, usually requiring additional hardware. The other consists of communicating through an external server which sends alerts to the concerned vehicles in real-time. In the latter case, if smartphones are used as the only instrumentation, the adoption of the system could be straightforward. In a previous work we validated the usage of conventional smartphones to create the client-side of a warning system. Instead, in the current work we address the server part. Such a server has to meet several requirements, such as being scalable (a matter not previously addressed), and able to meet real-time constraints. To achieve our purpose, we first provide the algorithms needed to ensure scalability. The system is composed by a dynamic pool of region servers, which controls a defined geographic area. Then, we implemented a functional prototype of such servers; its performance has been tested under realistic conditions to find the saturation point, after which real-time constraints are no longer guaranteed. Finally, the saturation point has been tested along with different traffic densities. Results show that the region server is able to track up to 15,000 simultaneous users, while the best we have found in published results are less than 1,400 users in simulated scenarios.

All Database Management Systems used in the industry provide secure access to data at the server level. The level of security is influenced by technology, security model, password encryption method, password strength and others. The human factor -unreasonable behaviour of users -also has a significant impact on safety. Developers of database applications often implement their security policy by limiting the risk caused by users. This implementation has a disadvantage -it does not work outside of the application. A large number and variety of applications that work with the database server may then create a security gap. The paper presents the authors' extensions of the functional features implemented in the Oracle database server, increasing the security of data access. The implemented methods of controlling the time of user access to data and limiting the use of serial and modular passwords are also discussed.

In federated learning systems, clients are autonomous in that their behaviors are not fully governed by the server. Consequently, a client may intentionally or unintentionally deviate from the prescribed course of federated model training, resulting in abnormal behaviors, such as turning into a malicious attacker or a malfunctioning client. Timely detecting those anomalous clients is therefore critical to minimize their adverse impacts. In this work, we propose to detect anomalous clients at the server side. In particular, we generate low-dimensional surrogates of model weight vectors and use them to perform anomaly detection. We evaluate our solution through experiments on image classification model training over FEMNIST dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed detection-based approach significantly outperforms the conventional defense-based methods.

In federated learning systems, clients are autonomous in that their behaviors are not fully governed by the server. Consequently, a client may intentionally or unintentionally deviate from the prescribed course of federated model training, resulting in abnormal behaviors, such as turning into a malicious attacker or a malfunctioning client. Timely detecting those anomalous clients is therefore critical to minimize their adverse impacts. In this work, we propose to detect anomalous clients at the server side. In particular, we generate low-dimensional surrogates of model weight vectors and use them to perform anomaly detection. We evaluate our solution through experiments on image classification model training over the FEMNIST dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed detection-based approach significantly outperforms the conventional defense-based methods.

This paper proposes an extension to mobile augmented reality (MAR) environments – the addition of data charts to the more usual text, image and video components. To this purpose, we have designed a client-server architecture including the main necessary modules and services to provide an Information Visualization MAR experience. The server side includes face recognition using OpenCV, and a visualization engine, using the PRISMA tool. The client side is focused on presentation and interaction, with a prototype developed for the iOS6 operational system and compatible with iPhone and iPad devices. The prototype is a MAR app that uses face recognition to identify the user and graphically presents related academic information.

A service capable of supporting human memory requires complex computational tasks that are still unavailable in mobile devices; however, broadband connectivity allows weaving together server side computational power with client side rich content delivery. In this paper, we provide a complete description of the 4W (what-where-when-who) project and its current prototype. The system aims at providing a service that mitigates the negative effects of stress or aging on the memorisation capability of humans leveraging both client side and server side state of the art solutions. The prototype is capable of capturing user needs/to-dos, reasoning to identify where those needs/tasks can be fulfilled/performed efficiently and providing timely and localised hints about the identified sweet-spots. We have tested with real users both the general efficacy of the system and the different level of efficiency of several hint-notification modes: we present our results and we provide a discussion of our findings.

Web application rendering strategies significantly influence performance, scalability, user experience, and development workflows. This paper provides an in-depth comparative analysis of Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Client-Side Rendering (CSR), their benefits, limitations, and use cases. Through practical examples, performance evaluations, and discussion of challenges, we aim to guide developers in selecting the optimal rendering approach for their projects.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a web-based, faceted interface for searching and displaying web pages saved from collaborative information seeking using the Results Space framework. Results Space project is part of Interaction Design Lab at the School of Information and Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Results Space project focuses on managing search results across multiple sessions and multiple collaborators. This paper describes the implementation of the web-interface that enables presentation of these collaborative results using faceted search. Once a user has worked on any collaborative project she needs to view and interact with the results. An ability to view the results across multiple facets like projects, collaborators and sources provides the user with a better depiction of the search efforts. This functionality can be further enhanced using different representations in which the user can view the search results. This paper discusses the process of developing a web application that provides such faceted search interface and representation of the search results using timeline and table view. Headings: Results Space Collaborative search Faceted Search Graphical representation Timeline View REPRESENTATION OF COLLABORATIVE SEARCH RESULTS USING FACETED SEARCH

Real-world deployments of WiFi-based indoor localization in large public venues are few and far between as most state-of-the-art solutions require either client or infrastructure-side changes. Hence, even though high location accuracy is possible with these solutions, they are not practical due to cost and/or client adoption reasons. Majority of the public venues use commercial controller-managed WLAN solutions, that neither allow client changes nor infrastructure changes. In fact, for such venues we have observed highly heterogeneous devices with very low adoption rates for client-side apps. In this paper, we present our experiences in deploying a scalable location system for such venues. We show that server-side localization is not trivial and present two unique challenges associated with this approach, namely Cardinality Mismatch and High Client Scan Latency. The "Mismatch" challenge results in a significant mismatch between the set of access points (APs) reporting a client in the offline and online phases, while the "Latency" challenge results in a low number of APs reporting data for any particular client. We collect three weeks of detailed ground truth data (≈ 200 landmarks), from a WiFi setup that has been deployed for more than four years, to provide evidences for the extent and understanding the impact of these problems. Our analysis of real-world client devices reveal that the current trend for the clients is to reduce scans, thereby adversely impacting their localization accuracy. We analyze how localization is impacted when scans are minimal. We propose heuristics to alleviate reduction in the accuracy despite lesser scans. Besides the number of scans, we summarize the other challenges and pitfalls of real deployments which hamper the localization accuracy. CCS Concepts: • Networks → Network measurement; Location based services; • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing.

Credential leaks still happen with regular frequency, and show evidence that, despite decades of warnings, password hashing is still not correctly implemented in practice. The common practice today, inherited from previous but obsolete constraints, is to transmit the password in cleartext to the server, where it is hashed and stored. We investigate the advantages and drawbacks of the alternative of hashing client-side, and show that it is present today exclusively on Chinese websites. We also look at ways to implement it on a large scale in the near future.

Preventing abuse of web services by bots is an increasingly important problem, as abusive activities grow in both volume and variety. CAPTCHAs are the most common way for thwarting bot activities. However, they are often ineffective against bots and frustrating for humans. In addition, some recent CAPTCHA techniques diminish user privacy. Meanwhile, client-side Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are becoming increasingly widespread (notably, ARM TrustZone and Intel SGX), allowing establishment of trust in a small part (trust anchor or TCB) of client-side hardware. This prompts the question: can a TEE help reduce (or remove entirely) user burden of solving CAPTCHAs? In this paper, we design CACTI: CAPTCHA Avoidance via Client-side TEE Integration. Using client-side TEEs, CACTI allows legitimate clients to generate unforgeable rate-proofs demonstrating how frequently they have performed specific actions. These rate-proofs can be sent to web servers in lieu of solving CAPTCHAs. CACTI provides strong client privacy guarantees, since the information is only sent to the visited website and authenticated using a group signature scheme. Our evaluations show that overall latency of generating and verifying a CACTI rate-proof is less than 0.25 sec, while CACTI's bandwidth overhead is over 98% lower than that of current CAPTCHA systems.

Preventing abuse of web services by bots is an increasingly important problem, as abusive activities grow in both volume and variety. CAPTCHAs are the most common way for thwarting bot activities. However, they are often ineffective against bots and frustrating for humans. In addition, some recent CAPTCHA techniques diminish user privacy. Meanwhile, client-side Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are becoming increasingly widespread (notably, ARM TrustZone and Intel SGX), allowing establishment of trust in a small part (trust anchor or TCB) of client-side hardware. This prompts the question: can a TEE help reduce (or remove entirely) user burden of solving CAPTCHAs? In this paper, we design CACTI: CAPTCHA Avoidance via Client-side TEE Integration. Using client-side TEEs, CACTI allows legitimate clients to generate unforgeable rate-proofs demonstrating how frequently they have performed specific actions. These rate-proofs can be sent to web servers in lieu of solving CAPTCHAs. CACTI provides strong client privacy guarantees, since the information is only sent to the visited website and authenticated using a group signature scheme. Our evaluations show that overall latency of generating and verifying a CACTI rate-proof is less than 0.25 sec, while CACTI's bandwidth overhead is over 98% lower than that of current CAPTCHA systems.

Nowadays, web developers are required to choose between Single-Page Application (SPA) or Server-Side Rendering (SSR). Both types of web applications have their own advantages and disadvantages. Currently, most developers use Javascript to be able to perform computations on the client side even though the web application built is SSR. Scripts in Javascript are compiled by the web browser before the functions in the script can be used by the user. These functions will be executed on the client side so that computation does not need to be done on the server side. Since the use of Javascript is by sending source code to the client to be compiled and executed, WebAssembly (Wasm) allows the server to send those functions in precompiled binary files. The functions contained in the binary can be used by web applications and will be executed on the client side, so the browser doesn't need to compile it first to use existing functions. In this paper, we utilize Wasm to perform data proces...

The new monitoring methods play important role in conservation of Forest Management Unit of forest stand from previous production cycle and also in protection of forest mainly in case of forest fires. This paper describes solution, which is developed in integration of projects Humboldt, c@r, Earthlook, Winsoc and Geokrima. The focus of solution is on line data collection and updating in the terrain. There is a requirement for client, which could be represented by PDA or eventually by sensors, the connection to the server. The distance between the server and the thin client may vary from a few hundred meters in case of mobile server to almost unlimited distance in case of the stationary server. The data compiled is being transferred between the client side and the server so the data transfer is rather low. The data volume in backward transfer is also very low (from client to server).There is no running application necessary on the client side except the internet browser. Possibly connected sensors and GPS (are served by applets and all the gathered data is being preceded on the server side. The thin is connected either to the stationary server or to the mobile server. The majority of the gathered geospatial data is processed on the remote application server according to the preset rules. This server will be placed in the LAN or Wan network environment. The possible communication could run trough mobile networks or trough transportable satellite receiver in car. The application server is accessing to the local or remote data sources and all the application logic is running on the server side. The data and applications must be accessed to the user via standard internet/internet connection. Interoperability is significantly extending the reuse possibilities of the information systems and so their value is increased.

During last years, the number and cleverness of attacks against Web related applications are steadily growing as Web services become more popular. In this paper, we propose relevant classification features for detecting Web attacks targeting either server-side or client-side applications. Four kinds of features are provided: Request general features, Request content features, Response features and Request history features. Experimental studies carried on real 1 and simulated htt p traffic including normal data and several attacks show the efficiency of our feature set in detecting Web related attacks.

Cycle based vs Event Based simulation Cycle based Evaluates all logic gates during every simulation cycle Handles synchronous designs Suitable for circuits with high activity rate Performs unnecessary simulations (extra computation) Event based Evaluates only logic gates with a change on their inputs Handles both synchronous and asynchronous designs Suitable for circuits with low activity rate Requires a centralized scheduler that may cause large amount of overhead Maintaining queue for the list of events is challenging SIMD simulation

In client-server based interactive information visualization user interfaces data sets of many types are made accessible by a server. On the server side these data sets can, e.g., be stored in a file system. As soon as a user requests the data set it will be transmitted from the server to the requesting client. A different approach is to dynamically construct a data set at request time on the server side for visualization on the client side. Another approach for database driven information visualization is to request actual data out of a running information visualization application on the client side. Both visualization methods have in common that changes in the underlying data cannot be automatically reflected in changes of the client's information visualization state and context. A solution for this problem is the use of database triggers which today are often implemented in existing database management systems (DBMS). Database triggers are a mechanism used to define a set of operations which are to be executed by the DBMS as soon as a given part of the data in the database changes. Using triggers to update an information visualization client has the advantage that no unnecessary database requests have to be made and that the delay in updating the information visualization on the client side is only dependent on the time it takes to send a message from the server to the client. This paper describes a conceptual model for such a trigger mechanism and evaluates some upcoming problems. Furthermore, the paper describes a prototypical proof-of-concept implementation based on commonly used technologies and systems.

Computational hydrological models and simulations are fundamental pieces of the workflow of contemporary hydroscience research, education, and professional engineering activities. In support of hydrological modelling efforts, web-enabled tools for data processing, storage, computation, and visualization have proliferated. Most of these efforts rely on server resources for computation and data tasks, and client-side resources for visualization. However, continued advancements of in-browser, client-side compute performance present an opportunity to further leverage client-side resources. Towards this end, we present an operational rainfall-runoff model and simulation engine running entirely on the client-side using the JavaScript programming language. To demonstrate potential uses, we also present an easy-to-use in-browser interface designed for hydroscience education. Although the use case presented here is self-contained, the core technologies can extend to leverage multi-core proce...

Di era digital yang berkembang pesat, situs web menjadi sangat penting untuk
interaksi global, distribusi informasi, dan transaksi pengguna. Memilih teknik
rendering yang tepat sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kinerja aplikasi web.
Next.js adalah kerangka kerja baru yang dibuat untuk melampaui keterbatasan
React dalam rendering sisi server. Penelitian ini menguji keefektifan Client-side
Rendering, Server-side Rendering, dan Static Site Generation pada situs web
Filmku berbasis Next.js dengan menggunakan metode loading time. Penelitian
tersebut menekankan pada kecepatan loading halaman, kecepatan rendering
halaman secara lengkap (finish), dan pengalaman pengguna. Pada halaman
autentikasi, proses Client-Side Rendering (CSR) membutuhkan waktu 422 ms,
lebih lambat 57,41% dibandingkan waktu selesai Static Site Generation (SSG) yang
membutuhkan waktu 180 ms dan lebih lambat 34,88% dibandingkan dengan
Server-Side Rendering (SSR) yang mampu menyelesaikan halaman auth dalam
waktu 274 ms. Pada halaman Profil, SSG menyelesaikan proses rendering halaman
dalam waktu yang jauh lebih singkat, hanya membutuhkan waktu 524 ms, yang
mana 25,79% lebih cepat daripada waktu penyelesaian SSR 706 ms dan bahkan
13,75% lebih cepat daripada waktu penyelesaian CSR 608 ms. Pada halaman
utama, SSG dengan waktu finish 1135 ms, 15,93% lebih cepat daripada waktu
penyelesaian CSR 1350 ms dan bahkan 25,57% lebih cepat daripada waktu
penyelesaian SSR 1525 ms. Metode rendering static site generation (SSG) terbukti
memiliki kecepatan rendering yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan metode
lainnya. Di sisi lain, rendering sisi klien (CSR) dapat menyebabkan waktu muat
halaman awal yang lebih lambat. Server-side rendering (SSR), meskipun
memberikan waktu rendering yang stabil, dapat membebani server karena setiap
permintaan dari klien sepenuhnya diproses di server. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat
mengambil manfaat dari mengeksplorasi pengujian stres, pengujian beban, dan
metode pengujian kompleks lainnya untuk meningkatkan pengembangan di masa
depan. Selain itu, pengujian dapat dilakukan pada halaman web yang sesuai dengan
metode rendering yang digunakan, agar dapat memaksimalkan performa dari
metode rendering yang digunakan.

We study the problem of pliable private information retrieval with side information (PPIR-SI) for the single server case. In PPIR, the messages are partitioned into nonoverlapping classes and stored in a number of noncolluding databases. The user wishes to retrieve any one message from a desired class while revealing no information about the desired class identity to the databases. In PPIR-SI, the user has prior access to some side information in the form of messages from different classes and wishes to retrieve any one new message from a desired class, i.e., the message is not included in the side information set, while revealing no information about the desired class to the databases. We characterize the capacity of (linear) single-server PPIR-SI for the case where the user's side information is unidentified, i.e., the user is oblivious of the identities of its side information messages and the database structure. We term this case PPIR-USI. Surprisingly, we show that having side information, in PPIR-USI, is disadvantageous, in terms of the download rate, compared to PPIR.

According to the World Health Organization there are approximately 285 million blind people around the world. These people are faced challenges when reading a book. This paper aims to design and implementation new real time mobile cloud audio reading system for blind persons. The proposed methodology consists of following steps: In Client Side, firstly, capture image of text by camera. Secondly, check the page localization. Thirdly, send image to server. In Cloud Side (Server Side), firstly, apply the modify EAST algorithm on received image to text detection. Secondly, apply OCR algorithm to extract text from image. Thirdly, apply post-processing step to correct the in corrected text. Finally, return text to client side to speak it using text-to-speech algorithm.

Web-based online laboratories are easy-access and non-intrusive for online experimentation, which play a key role in online learning and distance education. For webbased online laboratories, the server-side deployment is vital to provide continuous and stable experimental services which are important features of online laboratories. This paper explores the re-deployment of two versions of a web-based online laboratory, the NCSLab system, with the leverage of the NGINX reverse proxy. With proper configuration, the deployed NGINX server enables a modular backend that can integrate different backend technologies such as Tomcat, PHP and file servers together. To support secure access, only one HTTPS certificate is required to be installed on the NGINX proxy server to support the two systems. The proposed methodology provides solutions for server re-deployment without the change of previous network topology. Moreover, the re-deployment is cost-effective for enabling the re-use of the previous domain name, standard HTTP and HTTPS ports as well as the HTTPS certificate.

Our previous research has shown that the collective behavior of search engine caches (e.g., Google, Yahoo, Live Search) and web archives (e.g., Internet Archive) results in the uncoordinated but large-scale refreshing and migrating of web resources. Interacting with these caches and archives, which we call the Web Infrastructure (WI), allows entire websites to be reconstructed in an approach we call lazy preservation. Unfortunately, the WI only captures the client-side view of a web resource. While this may be useful for recovering much of the content of a website, it is not helpful for restoring the scripts, web server configuration, databases, and other server-side components responsible for the construction of the website's resources. This paper proposes a novel technique for storing and recovering the server-side components of a website from the WI. Using erasure codes to embed the server-side components as HTML comments throughout the website, we can effectively reconstruct all the server components of a website when only a portion of the client-side resources have been extracted from the WI. We present the results of a preliminary study that baselines the lazy preservation of ten EPrints repositories and then examines the preservation of an EPrints repository that uses the erasure code technique to store the server-side EPrints software throughout the website. We found nearly 100% of the EPrints components were recoverable from the WI just two weeks after the repository came online, and it remained recoverable four months after it was "lost".

According to the World Health Organization there are approximately 285 million blind people around the world. These people are faced challenges when reading a book. This paper aims to design and implementation new real time mobile cloud audio reading system for blind persons. The proposed methodology consists of following steps: In Client Side, firstly, capture image of text by camera. Secondly, check the page localization. Thirdly, send image to server. In Cloud Side (Server Side), firstly, apply the modify EAST algorithm on received image to text detection. Secondly, apply OCR algorithm to extract text from image. Thirdly, apply post-processing step to correct the in corrected text. Finally, return text to client side to speak it using text-to-speech algorithm.

According to the World Health Organization there are approximately 285 million blind people around the world. These people are faced challenges when reading a book. This paper aims to design and implementation new real time mobile cloud audio reading system for blind persons. The proposed methodology consists of following steps: In Client Side, firstly, capture image of text by camera. Secondly, check the page localization. Thirdly, send image to server. In Cloud Side (Server Side), firstly, apply the modify EAST algorithm on received image to text detection. Secondly, apply OCR algorithm to extract text from image. Thirdly, apply post-processing step to correct the in corrected text. Finally, return text to client side to speak it using text-to-speech algorithm.

In traditional client-server designs, all requests are processed at the server storing the state, thereby maintaining strict locality between computation and state. The adoption of RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) makes it practical to relax locality by letting clients fetch server state and process requests themselves. Such client-side processing improves performance when the server CPU, instead of the network, is the bottleneck. We observe that combining server-side and client-side processing allows systems to balance and adapt to the available CPU and network resources with minimal configuration, and can free resources for other CPU-intensive work. We present Cell, a distributed B-tree store that combines client-side and server-side processing. Cell distributes a global B-tree of "fat" (64MB) nodes across machines for server-side searches. Within each fat node, Cell organizes keys as a local B-tree of RDMA-friendly small nodes for client-side searches. Cell clients dynamically select whether to use client-side or server-side processing in response to available resources and the current workload. Our evaluation on a large RDMA-capable cluster show that Cell scales well and that its dynamic selector effectively responds to resource availability and workload properties.

According to the World Health Organization there are approximately 285 million blind people around the world. These people are faced challenges when reading a book. This paper aims to design and implementation new real time mobile cloud audio reading system for blind persons. The proposed methodology consists of following steps: In Client Side, firstly, capture image of text by camera. Secondly, check the page localization. Thirdly, send image to server. In Cloud Side (Server Side), firstly, apply the modify EAST algorithm on received image to text detection. Secondly, apply OCR algorithm to extract text from image. Thirdly, apply post-processing step to correct the in corrected text. Finally, return text to client side to speak it using text-to-speech algorithm.

We propose a caching scheme for saving the results of invocations of read methods at server side. Server side caching helps in reducing load on frequently accessed servers when computing the result is relatively costly. Our model provides strong consistency by using a dependency graph that specifies dependence information among method invocations of an object. We have implemented this scheme as a service in CORBA.

Currently, several types of geospatial data are provided as open data and/or map tile data. This implies that geospatial data have become more barrier-free than older data with traditional licenses and formats. In this study, we used open geospatial data to develop a client-side web mapping system for assessment of site suitability for vineyards. As the research area for testing the system, we selected Nagano Prefecture, where many farmers recently started viticulture. The data used in the system are geology, soil, slope gradient, slope aspect, annual mean temperature, and annual maximum and minimum temperatures. These data were converted to a Grid PNG tile, which was developed by The Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. FOSS4G tools, such as QGIS, TileMill, and MBUtil were used to prepare Grid PNG tile data. Map algebra functions were implemented using the WebGL. Web mapping systems developed in this research do not require server-side systems and/or middleware and can be operated using only a web browser. This means that various entities can be operated on the same system at low cost, or on a free web service such as GitHub pages.

This research is intended to develop a model of multimedia application, particularly a puzzle game for Interactive Multimedia Course. This model should encourage students to integrate all information resources to develop a multimedia application particularly puzzle game. The puzzle game application generates input and processed data as a server-side with Adobe Flash. Flash is a powerful and dynamic front-end and great interface for server-side applications. PHP can launch server-side script using Flash as a front-end to pass data and variables between the MySQL database, PHP, and Flash to manage databases. Subjects of the research are computer education, visual communication, and software engineering experts in preliminary field testing, the informatics students at School of Multimedia Technology Cendekia Abditama for implementation of the revised model in the main field testing. Data are analyzed using the analytic descriptive method and interpreted in a narrative way based on the research findings.

Web portals, such as the one hosted by news providers, have recently started to provide significant amounts of multimedia content. To deliver this content over the best-effort Internet, HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is generally used, allowing smoother playback and a better Quality of Experience (QoE). To stimulate user engagement with the provided content, reducing the video's startup time has become more and more important: while the current median video load time is in the order of seconds, research has shown that user waiting times must remain below two seconds to achieve an acceptable QoE. In this work, we present a framework for low-latency delivery of news-related video content, integrating four optimizations either at server-side, client-side, or at the application layer. Most importantly, we propose to identify relevant content through user profiling, using proactive delivery and client-side caching to reduce the video startup time. By means of a large data set from a Belgian news provider, we show that the proposed framework can reduce the startup time from 4.6 s to 1.5 s (-74.6%) in a 3G scenario, at the cost of limited network overhead and additional complexity at server-and client-side.

Radiotherapy is safely employed for treating wide variety of cancers. The radiotherapy workflow includes a precise positioning of the patient in the intended treatment position. While trained radiation therapists conduct patient positioning, consultation is occasionally required from other experts, including the radiation oncologist, dosimetrist, or medical physicist. In many circumstances, including rural clinics and developing countries, this expertise is not immediately available, so the patient positioning concerns of the treating therapists may not get addressed. In this paper, we present a framework to enable remotely located experts to virtually collaborate and be present inside the 3D treatment room when necessary. A multi-3D camera framework was used for acquiring the 3D treatment space. A client-server framework enabled the acquired 3D treatment room to be visualized in real-time. The computational tasks that would normally occur on the client side were offloaded to the se...

In recent years, there have been great advances in the field of decentralized learning with private data. Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are two spearheads possessing their pros and cons, and are suited for many user clients and large models, respectively. To enjoy both benefits, hybrid approaches such as SplitFed have emerged of late, yet their fundamentals have still been illusive. In this work, we first identify the fundamental bottlenecks of SL, and thereby propose a scalable SL framework, coined SGLR. The server under SGLR broadcasts a common gradient averaged at the split-layer, emulating FL without any additional communication across clients as opposed to SplitFed. Meanwhile, SGLR splits the learning rate into its server-side and client-side rates, and separately adjusts them to support many clients in parallel. Simulation results corroborate that SGLR achieves higher accuracy than other baseline SL methods including SplitFed, which is even on par with FL consuming higher energy and communication costs. As a secondary result, we observe greater reduction in leakage of sensitive information via mutual information using SLGR over the baselines.

In a dynamic web application, client-side code is often dynamically generated from server-side code. Client-side program entities such as HTML presentation elements and Javascript functions/variables are embedded within server-side string literals or variables' values. However, existing tools for code maintenance such as automatic renaming support only work for program entities in a single language on either the server side or the client side. In this paper, we introduce BabelRef, a novel tool that is able to automatically identify and rename client-side program entities and their references that are embedded within server-side code.

The advancements and new techniques in information technologies are making it possible to acquire large-scale spatial data through satellites, radars and sensor networks. The collection of vast amounts of environmental data increased the demand for applications which can manage and process large-scale and high-resolution data sets in real-time. One of the important tasks for organizing and customizing hydrological data sets is the delineation of watersheds on demand. Watershed delineation is a process for creating a boundary that represents the contributing area for a specific control point or water outlet, with the intent of characterization and analysis of portions of a study area. Although many GIS tools and software are available for watershed analysis on desktop systems, there is a need for optimized libraries for client-side and server-side web applications for creating a dynamic and interactive environment for exploring hydrological data. In this project, we developed and demonstrated several watershed delineation techniques on the web, with seven different use cases implemented on the client-side using JavaScript, WebAssembly, and WebGL and on the server-side using Python, Go, C, and Node.js. We also developed a client-side GPGPU (General Purpose Graphical Processing Unit) algorithm to analyze high-resolution terrain data for watershed delineation by benefiting from the parallelizable nature of GPUs. The web-based real-time analysis of watershed segmentation can be helpful for decision-makers and stakeholders while eliminating the need of installing complex software packages and dealing with large-scale data sets.

The research is focused for the purpose of analyzing the performance of which web server is able to receive more requests with a short connection time to support the performance of the integration application and can simulate the user with the jmeter application to test the web server. The performance test process is carried out using the benchmark test method using the Jmeter application by adjusting the input scenario and then analyzing the results based on the TIPHON standard. The results obtained from several variations of test parameters are known that the server's ability to send responses with the largest bytes is the apache web server, while the lowest error rate is nginx, while in terms of server network infrastructure, the apache web server is better because it can send a faster response. good and stable compared to nginx.Based on the test results above, it can be concluded that the apache web server has more effective results in web service performance against multi-d...

This paper focuses on designing and implementing a system for recently emerging video transmission by wireless networks parameters. Such parameters are considering packet loss rate, bandwidth and delay, as well as the quality of server (QoS), which eventually contributed to the user's the quality of experience (QoE). The signals of the captured video by cameras send to the server-host then to be displayed and broadcasted to the client-host. This system overcomes the several problems as: delay, packet loss rate and bandwidth by resources and destinations through controlling the permissions and broadcasting, as well as to the monitoring the configuration of the system during broadcasting. The advantage of this system is to improve application software to be used in a friendly use with as maximum as possible of flexibility and full optional controlling to get complete features of the video broadcasting systems. The system controls the problems of delay, loss rate and bandwidth between source and destination, through controlling the permissions, broadcasting and monitoring when configuration of the system during broadcasting. The synchronization between two sides of the wireless network was achieved when incoming signals from the cameras to the server-side and broadcasting these signals to the client-side. Eventually this system enables the administrator to monitor the dataflow from server-side to client-side and apply compressing with many compression techniques on the incoming and broadcasted signals.

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai sistem pengelolaan anggaran di Universitas ABC yang didalamnya memuat manajemen pengelolaan anggaran biaya dari setiap bagian mulai dari pengajuan rencana anggaran biaya sampai dengan realisasi anggaran. Data dari hasil pengelolaan anggaran setiap bagian dapat dimonitoring oleh pihak pimpinan, namun dalam penyajian datanya belum real-time sehingga interaksi user dalam monitoring dan analisis data pada sistem kurang interaktif. Saat ini teknologi yang sedang tren pada aplikasi berbasis web yang real-time yaitu web socket (WS). WS dapat menyajikan komunikasi dua arah secara bersamaan (full-duplex). Selain itu menurut beberapa penelitian teknologi WS juga dapat meningkatkan performa sistem menjadi lebih baik. Maka pada penelitian ini akan di terapkan teknologi web socket sehingga proses monitoring data anggaran dapat dilakukan secara real-time dengan menyajikan data tersebut ke dalam bentuk grafik dan persentase. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjuk...

Spotify is a popular music-streaming service which has seen widespread use across Europe. While Spotify's serverside behaviour has previously been studied, little is known about the client-side behaviour. In this paper, we describe an experimental study where we collect packet headers for Spotify traffic over multiple 24-hour time frames at a client host. Two distinct types of behaviour are observed, when tracks are being downloaded, and when the client is only serving requests from other peers. We also note wide variation in connection lifetimes, as seen in other studies of peer-to-peer systems. These findings are relevant for improving Spotify itself, and for the designers of other hybrid peer-to-peer and server-based distribution architectures.

In this study, a location and time-based reminder android application is developed to help people remember their daily tasks which are location specific. Also enabling them to provide a time context to these reminders. Many times, it cannot be predicted when we will be at a particular location and at what time to perform tasks that are location specific. It is beneficial if we get an alert when we are actually present near that location. When combined with the context of location and time reminders can be much more efficient and drastically increase the productivity of users. The system uses Google Maps API, GPS, and Geo-Fencing Algorithms to provide accurate reminders. Timely reminders increase productivity by reducing the chances of the missing location of interest and the task to be performed..

Rich Internet applications are becoming increasingly distributed, as demonstrated by the popularity of AJAX or Web 2.0 applications such as Facebook, Google Maps, Hotmail and many others. A typical multi-tier AJAX application consists, at the least, of a serverside component implemented in Java J2EE, PHP or ASP.NET and a client-side component running JavaScript. The resulting application is more responsive because computation has moved closer to the client, avoiding unnecessary network round trips for frequent user actions. However, once a portion of the code has moved to the client, a malicious user can subvert the client side of the computation, jeopardizing the integrity of the server-side state. In this paper we propose RIPLEY, a system that uses replicated execution to automatically preserve the integrity of a distributed computation. RIP-LEY replicates a copy of the client-side computation on the trusted server tier. Every client-side event is transferred to the replica of the client for execution. RIPLEY observes results of the computation, both as computed on the client-side and on the server side using the replica of the client-side code. Any discrepancy is flagged as a potential violation of computational integrity. We built RIPLEY on top of Volta, a distributing compiler that translates .NET applications into JavaScript, effectively providing a measure of security by construction for Volta applications. We have evaluated the RIPLEY approach on five representative AJAX applications built in Volta and also on Hotmail, a large widely-used AJAX application. Our results so far suggest that RIPLEY provides a promising strategy for building secure distributed web applications, which places minimal burden on the application developer at the cost of a low performance overhead.

PurposeThis paper seeks to discuss measurement units by comparing the internet use and the traditional media use, and to understand internet use from the traditional media use perspective.Design/methodology/approachBenefits and shortcomings of two log file types will be carefully and exhaustively examined. Client‐side and server‐side log files will be analyzed and compared with proposed units of analysis.FindingsServer‐side session time calculation was remarkably reliable and valid based on the high correlation with the client‐side time calculation. The analysis result revealed that the server‐side log file session time measurement seems more promising than the researchers previously speculated.Practical implicationsAn ability to identify each individual user and low caching problems were strong advantages for the analysis. Those web design implementations and web log data analysis scheme are recommended for future web log analysis research.Originality/valueThis paper examined the v...

All Database Management Systems used in the industry provide secure access to data at the server level. The level of security is influenced by technology, security model, password encryption method, password strength and others. The human factor-unreasonable behaviour of users-also has a significant impact on safety. Developers of database applications often implement their security policy by limiting the risk caused by users. This implementation has a disadvantage-it does not work outside of the application. A large number and variety of applications that work with the database server may then create a security gap. The paper presents the authors' extensions of the functional features implemented in the Oracle database server, increasing the security of data access. The implemented methods of controlling the time of user access to data and limiting the use of serial and modular passwords are also discussed.

The number of problems in learning activities such as the personality and behavior of students who are less good towards the teacher and there is still many students who are confused in their personality in deciding to continue their studies with a department in accordance with their education or personality. So the author aims to create one expert system that can help counseling and student teachers in determining personality and good behavior for students who are not good or to determine in continuing college studies with one of the knowledge that can help humans in making decisions, namely expert systems. Expert system (Expert System) is a part of artificial intelligence that contains knowledge and experience that is input into the knowledge base. In designing this expert system, the author uses a forward chaining technique because problem-solving is done by collecting data and then drawing a conclusion. The results of this expert system are able to help psychology or Counseling ...

The research is focused for the purpose of analyzing the performance of which web server is able to receive more requests with a short connection time to support the performance of the integration application and can simulate the user with the jmeter application to test the web server. The performance test process is carried out using the benchmark test method using the Jmeter application by adjusting the input scenario and then analyzing the results based on the TIPHON standard. The results obtained from several variations of test parameters are known that the server's ability to send responses with the largest bytes is the apache web server, while the lowest error rate is nginx, while in terms of server network infrastructure, the apache web server is better because it can send a faster response. good and stable compared to nginx.Based on the test results above, it can be concluded that the apache web server has more effective results in web service performance against multi-d...