Seawater Pollution

The present study was accomplished to fulfill the requisition of the Appeal Court of the city of Piraeus. According to the Court's Decision, an environmental impact assessment should be made for the ongoing condition of the wreckage along with a study of the corrosion evolution process and a provision of the hull's endurance should be estimated. The wreckage was sounded out, surveyed thoroughly by means of an ROV device immersed ad hoc. Extended videos and photo shots were taken and the exact position of the vessel depicted analytically on a sea contour depth chart. Hull corrosion, sea column & sea bottom sediment sampling carried out for the analysis of hazardous compounds PAHs, TPHs, PCBs and heavy metals in June and July of 2019. Fish and oyster tissues were analyzed in the lab for heavy metals' detection. A great concern was given for (Cd) & (Pb) concentration in sea column nearby wreck. Α report of about 1000 pages of the methodology & results was handed over to the Appeal Court of which merely partial significant segments are presented herein. The technical report denotes that PCBs, PAHs, TPHs sea bed & sea column measurements nearby the wreck were, in general, low or below detectable level. As regards heavy metals concentration level in aquatic sea column, the results indicate that only in certain locations heavy metals i.e. (Pb) and (Ni) were measured above the detection limit and classified according to contamination factors from moderate to high contamination level and might attribute to the presence of the wreck in the close area. Contamination factor indices consolidate the approach that the hull presence in the bottom contributes to the environmental degradation of the "caldera" ecosystem. The vessel's hull is expected to be wiped out in almost four hundred years period according to the applied corrosion model.

For supplying drinking water throughout the world, there has been a huge growth in the usage of desalination factories. Nevertheless, the formation of brine (concentrate) is a complete side of the working of the desalination factory and encounters serious ecological defiance due to its elevated salinity. Thus, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly concentrate handling equipment is needed before its appropriate elimination. Presently, many elimination choices comprising surface water discharge, deep well injection, and evaporation ponds have been employed. Nevertheless, such methods are unsustainable and their application is restricted by an elevated capital cost and exclusive usages. Different traditional techniques comprising physicochemical, oxidation and biological methods with changing degrees of organics elimination have been noted. These days, membrane-based techniques seem to be cost-effective tools for treating brine since they could recuperate worthy resources and generate clean water with elevated recuperation. This review contributes to discussing the actual techniques for brine handling, comprising elimination usages and treatment methods. The features of the concentrate in a matter of water nature and its effect on open water bodies are reviewed. This work presents emerging membrane processes like forward osmosis, membrane distillation, and electrodialysis that are encouraging for reducing brine quantities, in recuperating worthy metals and enhancement of water recuperation. This discussion as well focuses on the reality that integrated membrane processes are better for concentrate handling for metals recuperation jointly with water decontamination in wastewater treatment factories and could attain a zero liquid discharge.

Background and Objectives: The US Environmental Protection Agency has suggested faecal enterococci as the primary bacterial indicators. Of more importance is their direct correlation with swimmer-associated gastroenteritis in recreation water quality monitoring. In contrast to other seawater bodies with 3.5% salinity, the recreational waters in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea possess its own salinity (about 1% w/v) and thus require further investigations to determine the capacity of Enterococcus faecalis as the sole primary microbial index in this unique aquatic environment. Materials and Methods: The survey of the presence and survival of E. faecalis as a microbial index in the recreational waters of the southern Caspian Sea was carried out using a microcosm as an experimental model. The concentration of E. faecalis cells in samples of seawater were estimated by a standard membrane filtration method using m-Enterococcus agar as the selective culture medium. As the current standard culture-based methods are not reliable enough for the detection of non-growing, damaged and under-tension bacteria, PCR was used to identify the possible VBNC form of the bacterium after disappearance of the culturable cells. Results and Conclusion: A continuous decline in the number of culturable E. faecalis cells resulted in apparent elimination of the bacteria from seawater in a defined period. Detection of intact DNA was possible in the following 60 days. The salinity of about 1% and the self-purification properties of the Caspian Sea make the conditions feasible for the use of this microorganism as a measure of water quality throughout the region. The results confirmed the presence of damaged bacterial cells, namely VBNC forms, indicating the necessity of examining of the sea water samples by using molecular approaches or repair procedures.

Foundation Project: Supported by decision support system for sustainable fisheries management in the regions of Southern Italy " (Workpackage 1-CNR-IAMC Messina) (Law 191, December 23, 2009, article 44). The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.

The Istanbul Strait is one of the world's most dangerous natural waterways in terms of sea traffic. Istanbul straıt, which have great strategic importance, can cause environmental disasters because of the sea accidents that the may occur. Petroleum pollution that can arise from these vessels can negatively affect the structure of sea water and the marine life.