Rice market

Most small businesses in the developing economies suffer from a lack of access to formal external finance. One important alternative source of finance for these entrepreneurs is trade credit. Applying a unique dataset containing data on specific trade relations between rice wholesalers and rice retailers in Tanzania, we analyse the determinants of trade credit demand and supply in this market, using a simultaneous equation modelling approach. The analysis shows that while the demand for trade credit is primarily determined by the extent to which retailers need external funds, supply is mainly driven by wholesalers' incentives to attract and keep clients. Moreover, wholesalers' willingness to provide credit increases if they have better information about the possibility that the customer will fail to repay the credit.

Most small businesses in the developing economies suffer from a lack of access to formal external finance. One important alternative source of finance for these entrepreneurs is trade credit. Applying a unique dataset containing data on specific trade relations between rice wholesalers and rice retailers in Tanzania, we analyse the determinants of trade credit demand and supply in this market, using a simultaneous equation modelling approach. The analysis shows that while the demand for trade credit is primarily determined by the extent to which retailers need external funds, supply is mainly driven by wholesalers' incentives to attract and keep clients. Moreover, wholesalers' willingness to provide credit increases if they have better information about the possibility that the customer will fail to repay the credit.

3rd Economics & Business Research Festival. Proceeding Seminar &Call For Papers : Business Dynamics Toward Competitive Economic Region Of Asean (Salatiga : 2014), p. 1164 - 1172ASEAN takes serious effort to address the challenge of Food Security, within the region of Southeast Asia. Especially for rice trade, a number of ASEAN as an exporter/ importer country would integrated market. The aims of study are (1) how the profile of an exporter/importer rice country i.e. domestic production, consumption, price producer, export/import price and trade restriction (2) effect of export/import trade restriction to influence the Indonesian rice performance (3) Indonesia's rice performance in the open market. Models construct by econometric simulation analysis from the time series data 1984-2007. The results shows: (1) Asia is a center of production 92.25 percent; South Asia (32.59 persen), East Asia (31,87 persen) and Southeast Asia (27,79 persen) and the export/import dominate in Asia (2)...

ASEAN takes serious effort to address the challenge of Food Security, within the region of Southeast Asia. Especially for rice trade among ASEAN country was taken place a long ago. In 2015 we would be integragted market. The aims of study are (1) to analysys the potential of rice supply and demand (2) the effect of trade restriction (export and import restriction). The models were constructed by econometric simulation analysis with time series data from 1984-2007. The results shows: (1) the trend of ASEAN paddy production was increasing. The average increase of the ASEAN paddy production was 130,46 MT/year with the rate 2,84 percent/year (2) the effect of export restriction will be increase an export price more than 10 percent, and the effect of import restriction will be increase an import price in all importer countries.

3rd Economics & Business Research Festival. Proceeding Seminar &Call For Papers : Business Dynamics Toward Competitive Economic Region Of Asean (Salatiga : 2014), p. 1164 - 1172ASEAN takes serious effort to address the challenge of Food Security, within the region of Southeast Asia. Especially for rice trade, a number of ASEAN as an exporter/ importer country would integrated market. The aims of study are (1) how the profile of an exporter/importer rice country i.e. domestic production, consumption, price producer, export/import price and trade restriction (2) effect of export/import trade restriction to influence the Indonesian rice performance (3) Indonesia's rice performance in the open market. Models construct by econometric simulation analysis from the time series data 1984-2007. The results shows: (1) Asia is a center of production 92.25 percent; South Asia (32.59 persen), East Asia (31,87 persen) and Southeast Asia (27,79 persen) and the export/import dominate in Asia (2)...

Bangladesh is trying to achieve self-sufficiency in domestic rice production but climate change effects on agricultural production makes it challenging to attain the goal. The country is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change since it is the major cause to rise in sea level, more warm summer, and happening food and cyclone in the country. This study develops an Aggregate Farm Household Model to analyze the impact of potential land loss and yield reduction from climate change on production, consumption, prices, welfare, and the ability of government to achieve self-sufficiency in rice production. The model is calibrated to the Bangladesh rice market in three alternate scenarios using Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010 data. The results show that climate change leads to decline in productivity and increase in price of rice in the domestic markets. The reduction in rice productivity decreases rice production while increases production of other non-rice crops. Sim...

Indonesia as a country with the highest consumption of rice in the world (Ministry of Agriculture, 2012) but has not been able to meet domestic production, ironically reduced agricultural land is converted to non-agricultural land, poor inputs, unsustainable credit granting, low technology leads to low production, so the policy alternatives are importing, on the other hand, Indonesia is a member of the ASEAN economic community (MEA) in the hope of being able to meet the rice production because the ASEAN MEA commitment becomes a production base and can compete with other countries in the world by launching single market. To anticipate the existence of MEA, and the anticipation of the import of rice of world rice exporter countries, it is necessary to analyze the impact of MEA existence, and anticipation of rice imports of world rice exporter countries by using policy simulation. The results showed that rice crops tendency in Indonesia from year to year decreased, so that rice production decreased, but if Indonesia reduces rice imports it can increase productivity so that the price decreases and demand for price increases. As a result of the agreement of MEA Indonesia imported to Thailand and Vietnam, but Indonesia prefers import from Vietnam country as import country because Vietnamese rice price is cheaper. The removal of import restrictions from Vietnam and Thailand has lowered rice imports from Thailand and increased imports from Vietnam. The policy of decreasing imports from India and China resulted in the decline of rice from both countries and Thailand but increased rice imports from Vietnam.

Indonesia's economic policies cannot be separated to its rice policies since rice is the staple food for Indonesian people. The paper aims to find out the impact of rice import tariff policies on rice demand and supply in Indonesia. The research uses time series data in 1981-2018. Data obtained are analyzed using econometric model with simultaneous equation system. Estimation results show that rice supply was positively and significantly influenced by grain rice price in farmer level, amount of rice production, and rice supply of the previous year. Meantime, domestic rice demand was negatively and significantly influenced by domestic rice price and positively and significantly influenced by domestic rice demand of the previous year. The result of policy simulation indicates that scenario of policy combination through an increase in rice import tariff and government purchase price brings a sizeable impact on the increase in domestic rice production and rice demand and supply. Therefore, Indonesia needs to conduct protection to farmers in the form of rice import tariff imposition as well as government purchase price.

ASEAN takes serious effort to address the challenge of Food Security, within the region of Southeast Asia. Especially for rice trade among ASEAN country was take a place a long ago but in 2015 we would integragted market. The aims of study are (1) how the potential rice supply and demand (2) how the effect of trade restriction to influence the rice supply and demand. Models construct by econometric simulation analysis from the time series data 1984-2007. The results shows: (1) the effect of export trade restriction will increase an export price in all export rice country except United State and extend the word rice supply more than 10 percent, and the effect of import trade restriction will increase an import price in all importer country, (2) and the effect of import trade restriction to Indonesian rice performance are decrease at domestic production, paddy productivity and demand fertilizer. We suggest that rice commodity still intervention through input price instrument, output price instrument, stock instrument.