Researcher mobility

This study analyses Evaluation Summary Reports (ESRs) of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Individual and Postdoctoral Fellowships proposals at the University of Padua (Unipd), spanning Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe from 2015 to 2022. The aim is to identify recurring strengths and weaknesses in the evaluation process, recognizing the most important and recurrent features of successful proposals. The use of artificial intelligence is also discussed in the paper. Nearly 400 ESRs were analysed by employing keyword extraction and correspondence analysis (CA) to map relationships between words and variables such as project success. While CA did not clearly distinguish between successful and unsuccessful proposals, machine learning was applied. The coordinates from CA were used to predict project outcomes. Comparisons were made with models using only textual features and those employing transformers, specifically, BERT contextualised embeddings. Results showed that using a Large Language Model (LLM) for text representation improved prediction accuracy compared to other methods. However, it highlighted challenges in interpretability and emphasised the need for explicable methods in the absence of words. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for refining support services and training at Unipd, highlighting the effectiveness of LLMs in prediction while acknowledging the interpretive challenges associated with their use.

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa: «pre-ruolo», «precariato»; le parole sono importanti.-2. Il lavoro parlamentare sul tema nella prima fase della legislatura: le risultanze dell'indagine conoscitiva e i contenuti dell'A.S. 2285, XVIII leg.-3. Gli obiettivi (non visibilissimi, ma chiari, specifici e pressanti) del PNRR.-4. Il compromesso, in Parlamento, nell'ambito del procedimento di conversione del decreto-legge n. 36 del 2022.-5. Il merito delle scelte adottate (e i limiti emersi in fase applicativa).-6. Conclusioni.

SOMMARIO: 1. Le ragioni della scelta del tema e l'organizzazione dei lavori. -2. Il reclutamento universitario nella legge n. 240 del 2010. -3. L'incidenza del personale precario nella sostenibilità delle attività interne al mondo accademico italiano. -4. Un aspetto connesso, ma distinto dal reclutamento: la produzione scientifica e il sistema della ASN. -5. La prioritaria importanza del fattore economico degli investimenti su quello giuridico della disciplina del reclutamento. -6. Sulla figura del ricercatore a tempo determinato e del contratto di ricerca (mai attuato) nella legge n. 79 del 2022. Nuove ipotesi di riforma di un sistema alla perenne ricerca di un equilibrio. -7. Il regime "transitorio" della legge n. 79 del 2022 e l'accesso al ruolo dei ricercatori a tempo determinato. -8. Conclusioni. Il precariato come fenomeno endemico dell'Università italiana.  Ricercatore a tempo determinato di Diritto costituzionale e pubblico, Università di Pisa. -Vice-Presidente del Comitato dei Giovani Costituzionalisti.

Copyright c by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Per altre informazioni si veda https://www.rivisteweb.it Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente privato e personale, senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali. Salvo quanto espressamente previsto dalla licenza d'uso Rivisteweb,è fatto divieto di riprodurre, trasmettere, distribuire o altrimenti utilizzare l'articolo, per qualsiasi scopo o fine. Tutti i diritti sono riservati.

Copyright c by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Per altre informazioni si veda https://www.rivisteweb.it Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente privato e personale, senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali. Salvo quanto espressamente previsto dalla licenza d'uso Rivisteweb,è fatto divieto di riprodurre, trasmettere, distribuire o altrimenti utilizzare l'articolo, per qualsiasi scopo o fine. Tutti i diritti sono riservati.

Nel giudizio di legittimità costituzionale del combinato disposto del terzo e quarto periodo dell'art. 1, comma 41, della legge 8 agosto 1995, n. 335 (Riorma del sistema pensionistico obbligatorio e complementare), e della connessa Tabella F, promosso dalla Corte dei conti, sezione giurisdizionale per il Lazio, nel procedimento vertente tra A. P. e l'Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale (INPS), con

Copyright c by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Per altre informazioni si veda https://www.rivisteweb.it Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente privato e personale, senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali. Salvo quanto espressamente previsto dalla licenza d'uso Rivisteweb,è fatto divieto di riprodurre, trasmettere, distribuire o altrimenti utilizzare l'articolo, per qualsiasi scopo o fine. Tutti i diritti sono riservati.

Young scientists and scholars from all fields of research have been widely acknowledged as particularly
relevant to the creation and diffusion of knowledge, both for research and for teaching the next generation
of highly qualified human resources. Given the demographic development and the growing demand for
advanced higher education training in Africa, African countries depend on the successful development of
highly trained academic staff to deliver to these needs. Shortages in academic and research staff directly
translate to barriers to the expansion of higher education institutions (HEIs) and a loss of quality of edu-
cation, and therefore impede the transformation of African countries to knowledge economies with sus-
tainable labour markets and research and innovation systems that can deliver on the needs of societies in
Africa, including confronting health and environmental challenges.
Yet, young scientists and scholars – or early career researchers (ECRs) – in Africa are facing persistent
challenges and barriers, often causing them to abandon their research careers or leave their countries to
pursue their careers abroad. Even those wishing to return to their home countries often face insufficient
infrastructure and regulations, or organisational cultures that make them consider leaving again.
Monitoring of ECRs and research on their formation and career development has gained much attention
in recent years in many economically strong countries with mature higher education systems – particu-
larly in Europe and North America – with results from the analyses feeding into dedicated programmes
for their development. Taking note of the lack or insufficiency of knowledge in other regions of the world,
in Africa, Asia and Latin America in particular, the GYA has made it a strategic aim to improve the knowl-
edge on ECRs in these regions, to provide evidence-based recommendations, and to include these regions
in ongoing scholarly discussions on changes of the higher education and science systems.

In diesem Beitrag reflektiere ich über die Zusammenhänge von Mobilität, Emotionen, Ideen und Wahrnehmungen im Kontext der öffentlich/privat-Distinktion während meines Feldforschungsaufenthalts in Japan. Dabei präsentiere ich meine Aufzeichnungen in einem Forschungstagebuch als eine reflexive Methode, durch die ich meine eigene Position und die damit verbundenen Annahmen über soziale Beziehungen im Feld kritisch hinterfragen konnte. Während meiner konzeptionellen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Tagebuch wurde mir die Notwendigkeit bewusst, mich stärker auf subjektive Perspektiven in meiner Forschung zu fokussieren. Dies führte dazu, dass ich im Verlauf meines Aufenthalts meine Forschungsmethoden anpassen konnte.

Cosa sono gli studenti lavoratori in Italia? Davvero molto fastidioso è dover iniziare una ricerca su un argomento del quale non esiste definizione unitaria. Se poi aggiungiamo che questo argomento impatta sulla vita quotidiana di persone in carne ed ossa, il fastidio ha l'obbligo di trasformarsi in azione.

This study applies a knowledge production function to an empirical analysis of the relationship between innovation and the movement of knowledge workers. In the past, investments in R&D and human resources were used as indices to measure innovation. However, this study analyzes the role that the movement of knowledge workers plays in innovation and the growth of the new corporations that recruited them from mature companies. This study reveals that the fluidity of talent and informal networks play an important role during the process of innovation. The analysis clearly shows that when innovation is measured by number of patents, the contribution of highly experienced and highly specialized researchers from developed countries is especially high. On the other hand, when innovation is measured by patent quality, both the number of researchers and the researchers’ years of experience clearly exhibit positive effects.

This paper is an extension of work originally presented in 2017 6th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management (ICITM). This research focuses on the mobilization of human resources in the Asian electrical industry and analyzes the impact of engineers' international mobility on the innovation of enterprises in the host countries. I examine the characteristics of engineers who moved from Japan to China and South Korea to explore which types of engineers successful firms in China and South Korea select from rival companies in Japan. In addition, this study focuses on the role of the inventors' networks to investigate the significance of researcher mobility and knowledge spillover as mechanisms that facilitate the flow of tacit knowledge. This study reveals that during the process of innovation, informal networks play an important role in the mobility of engineers. The findings suggest that successful firms require people with analytical skills and problem-solving capacity, not "star inventors.

To investigate the characteristics of engineers who act as an interface in transferring knowledge across national boundaries, I conducted an empirical analysis regarding the mobility of engineers in electrical manufacturing firms from Japan to South Korea. Statistical findings from negative binomial regressions show that the experience of working with foreign engineers facilitates knowledge spillover. In addition, the results show that interfirm knowledge transfer is more likely to occur when the engineers of the hiring firm work together with mobile engineers who (1) were focal members at their previous firm, (2) had a good connection with focal members, and (3) are young. This study suggests that engineers from external organizations are effective in knowledge transfer, especially if they are young, mobile engineers who were focal members at their previous firm and had a good connection with a focal member-and can act as an interface in transferring tacit knowledge.

La tempesta Covid-19 è ancora in corso, ma già si può fare un primo punto sullo stato dei Fondi Interprofessionali nella seconda metà  del 2020, nella fase di ripresa delle attività formative 
e nel tentativo di riprogrammare le attività per il 2021.

International mobility is a feature of the research career path of many European HEI researchers. More than half (56%) of all EU27 HEI researchers have experienced international mobility (of at least three months duration) at least once during their research career. Of these researchers, more than half (that is 29% of all EU27 HEI researchers) have experienced international mobility during the last three years.

The present essay is a review of the 2018 book by Professor Cosmin Cercel TowardsaJurisprudenceofStateCommunism.LawandtheFailureofRevolution. In reviewer’s opinion, this book is a good contrast to the books and articles written in the first post-Soviet years in the Central European countries, when the intellectuals glorified the Western ideals and condemned the socialist past of their countries and the ideological legacy of the communist regimes. The focal point of the book under review is to rethink the history of authoritarianism in Romania through analyzing the formalist legal ideology that was utilized by communist regimes for their purposes. In author’s opinion, the ideas of Soviet jurisprudence do not significantly differ from the bourgeois discourse about law that characterizes the modernity. In the perspective of this discourse, the formal and procedural autonomy of legal rules (the regime of legality) is opposed to the substantial exceptions from these rules which are justi...

La costituzione è chiara all'art. 36: "Il lavoratore ha diritto ad una retribuzione proporzionata alla quantità e qualità del suo lavoro e in ogni caso sufficiente ad assicurare a sé e alla famiglia un'esistenza libera e dignitosa." Questo principio di diritto è stato però disatteso dall'epoca delle privatizzazioni in poi, quindi a partire dagli anni '80, per mano di Draghi, Prodi, Andreatta e tutti coloro che hanno partecipato alla svendita dei settori pubblici strategici del

Nel giudizio di legittimità costituzionale del combinato disposto del terzo e quarto periodo dell'art. 1, comma 41, della legge 8 agosto 1995, n. 335 (Riorma del sistema pensionistico obbligatorio e complementare), e della connessa Tabella F, promosso dalla Corte dei conti, sezione giurisdizionale per il Lazio, nel procedimento vertente tra A. P. e l'Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale (INPS), con

The phenomenon of scientific mobility, actively developing in recent decades, attracts increasing attention of researchers in view of its importance for the development of science, dissemination of scientific knowledge, making informed decisions in the management of science and training of qualified personnel. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature on the topic in the last 30 years with the use of bibliometric approaches, this paper outlines the main evolutionary stages of scientific mobility in the context of brain drain and circulation concepts; considers relations, advantages and disadvantages of scientific mobility in relation to scientific inbreeding; describes the main approaches and methodological aspects formed today in the study of the scientists mobility; discusses its positive and negative consequences for researchers, organizations, countries, and individual disciplines, and summarizes the motivations and driving forces of scientists when leaving the country and when returning.

We find that 65 per cent of the respondents in the non-university research institutes sector have been internationally mobile at least once during the course of their research career (either international job mobility or international research visits lasting three months or more). The propensity to be mobile in this sample is higher than that found for the higher education sector, though we must stress again that the sample of researchers is not representative in the statistical sense.We find that 35 per cent of all our respondents from the research institutes sector have been internationally mobile in the last three years. This once more suggests a higher propensity to mobility than we find in the HEI sector (with the proviso again that the present sample cannot be regarded as statistically representative).As in the higher education sector, previous experience of international mobility as a student seems to be a major factor in influencing subsequent mobility as a researcher.

The phenomenon of scientific mobility, actively developing in recent decades, attracts increasing attention of researchers in view of its importance for the development of science, dissemination of scientific knowledge, making informed decisions in the management of science and training of qualified personnel. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature on the topic in the last 30 years with the use of bibliometric approaches, this paper outlines the main evolutionary stages of scientific mobility in the context of brain drain and circulation concepts; considers relations, advantages and disadvantages of scientific mobility in relation to scientific inbreeding; describes the main approaches and methodological aspects formed today in the study of the scientists mobility; discusses its positive and negative consequences for researchers, organizations, countries, and individual disciplines, and summarizes the motivations and driving forces of scientists when leaving the country and when returning.

Russian science had derived its structure and basic organization principles from the USSR. Basically, fundamental research was carried out in academic institutions, applied science was concentrated in research organizations subordinate to ministries and departments. Industry-specific applied science has suffered greatly from the reforms and recession during 1990 th and was practically destroyed.

The phenomenon of scientific mobility, actively developing in recent decades, attracts increasing attention of researchers in view of its importance for the development of science, dissemination of scientific knowledge, making informed decisions in the management of science and training of qualified personnel. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature on the topic in the last 30 years with the use of bibliometric approaches, this paper outlines the main evolutionary stages of scientific mobility in the context of brain drain and circulation concepts; considers relations, advantages and disadvantages of scientific mobility in relation to scientific inbreeding; describes the main approaches and methodological aspects formed today in the study of the scientists mobility; discusses its positive and negative consequences for researchers, organizations, countries, and individual disciplines, and summarizes the motivations and driving forces of scientists when leaving the country and when returning.

Russian science had derived its structure and basic organization principles from the USSR. Basically, fundamental research was carried out in academic institutions, applied science was concentrated in research organizations subordinate to ministries and departments. Industry-specific applied science has suffered greatly from the reforms and recession during 1990 th and was practically destroyed.

The phenomenon of scientific mobility, actively developing in recent decades, attracts increasing attention of researchers in view of its importance for the development of science, dissemination of scientific knowledge, making informed decisions in the management of science and training of qualified personnel. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature on the topic in the last 30 years with the use of bibliometric approaches, this paper outlines the main evolutionary stages of scientific mobility in the context of brain drain and circulation concepts; considers relations, advantages and disadvantages of scientific mobility in relation to scientific inbreeding; describes the main approaches and methodological aspects formed today in the study of the scientists mobility; discusses its positive and negative consequences for researchers, organizations, countries, and individual disciplines, and summarizes the motivations and driving forces of scientists when leaving the country and when returning.

With the simultaneous rise of concern about the climate crisis and the growing internationalization of research institutions, academic mobility poses an “academic paradox”: knowledge of the environmental harm of aviation does not necessarily translate into action. Universities must make changes to their mobility habits if they wish to comply with governmental carbon neutrality targets and lead with example. This research looks at Finland’s 14 universities and identifies the patterns and trends of academic mobility from a series of reports provided by the universities and their travel agencies. Moreover, we mapped the travel destinations to understand the scope of Finnish academic travel. The data revealed that Finnish universities are in different states of sustainability: some acting as clear trendsetters and others lagging. The results show that although the universities are performing well in some areas, as in preferring European destinations over intercontinental ones, there are...

Postdoctoral scholars pursue diverse career paths requiring broad skill sets; however, little is known about postdoctoral scholars’ perspectives about their professional learning, and development needs. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to identify current professional learning and development opportunities used by postdoctoral scholars to obtain the required broad skills sets of value for a changing career landscape. A concurrent mixed-methods design was utilized including a cross sectional survey and qualitative interviews. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis; quantitative and qualitative findings were then triangulated for convergent themes. Key findings indicate that although postdoctoral scholars engage in a variety of professional learning, the perceived usefulness of these sessions varies widely, and the types of professional learning and development that they engage in, may not best support the realities of their future caree...

Η μελέτη “Συνθετική Έκθεση των Εμποδίων στην Κινητικότητα των Ερευνητών στα Δυτικά Βαλκάνια” αποτελείται από εισαγωγή και πέντε μέρη. Στην έκθεση αυτή το κάθε κράτος δεν αναφέρεται χωριστά. Πλέον κριτήριο είναι το κάθε εμπόδιο και πώς αντιμετωπίζεται σε κάθε κράτος των Δυτικών Βαλκανίων. 
Στην εισαγωγή τονίζεται η ανάγκη για μεγαλύτερη κινητικότητα των ερευνητών μετά από ανασκόπηση των προηγούμενων προσπαθειών ερευνητικής και τεχνολογικής συνεργασίας μεταξύ των χωρών των Δυτικών Βαλκανίων και της ΕΕ και γίνεται μία σύνοψη των κατευθυντηρίων αρχών πολιτικής για τη βελτίωση της κινητικότητας των ερευνητών σε όλα τα Δυτικά Βαλκάνια.
Πρόκειται για ένα διετές πρωτότυπο ερευνητικό έργο της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής που μου ανατέθηκε από τον συντονιστή του προγράμματος WEB MOB στο Εθνικό Κέντρο Έρευνας και Τεχνολογικής Ανάπτυξης (ΕΚΕΤΑ-CERTH) στη Θεσσαλονίκη.

A partire dagli anni novanta, la continua evoluzione demografica ha condotto ad una crescente insostenibilità finanziaria nel lungo periodo dei sistemi pensionistici pubblici obbligatori. In questo contesto la quasi totalità dei paesi più sviluppati ha posto in essere riforme che hanno diminuito le prestazioni del sistema pensionistico pubblico e, per evitare che i futuri pensionati si ritrovino con bassi redditi, hanno favorito lo sviluppo della previdenza complementare. Questa è ormai riconosciuta come lo strumento principe di tutela contro pensioni eccessivamente inferiori ai redditi percepiti durante la vita lavorativa , attraverso la costruzione di prestazioni integrative alla pensione pubblica. La trattazione consta di due parti e ha l'obiettivo di analizzare le forme pensionistiche complementari alla luce di queste riforme sotto un'ottica qualitativa e quantitativa, per mostrare i livelli di sviluppo raggiunti dai diversi stati e approfondire la situazione italiana. L...

Abstract: Over the last twenty years or so the number of international students in Australia has grown rapidly. At the same time, official responsibility for providing support to international students has been devolved from governments to educational institutions. In this paper we argue that while education institutions have a significant role in supporting international students, there is a large gap in social support provided to them when off-campus. This is a gap which we believe could be filled by local government, to provide ...

Assodata quindi la previdenza sociale come un prodotto tipicamente moderno, nato in un suo specifico contesto storico, si è provato, nei primi tre capitoli del presente lavoro, di tracciare una sorta di fenomenologia del sistema pensionistico, eminentemente in ambito italiano, dopo la sua progressiva emersione dall’indistinto mare dell’assistenza e dalla beneficienza pubblica, fino al riconoscimento della sua piena autonomia giuridica e sociale.
Come accennato, degli aspetti predetti si occupano essenzialmente le prime tre sezioni.
La prima ha il compito di fornire le coordinate generali di riferimento ed iniziare la narrazione dai tempi più remoti per terminare la descrizione degli eventi sul finire degli anni 2000: un periodo estremante ampio rispetto all’arco temporale coperto dai capitoli II e III. Tuttavia, è qui raccontata l’intera fase di espansione dell’apparato pensionistico e previdenziale, sospinto da un’accecante “furia del presente”1, tale da scacciare qualsiasi preoccupazione collettiva per l’avvenire, impedendo di valutare in prospettiva ciò che stava accadendo: l’idea dominate era quella di una crescita economica illimitata, non percependo neanche, sul piano demografico, quale impatto, dopo il breve baby boom post bellico, avrebbe avuto la diminuzione delle nascite sul futuro del Paese.
La sezione seconda continua l’esposizione dei fatti da dove si era interrotta la prima, optando però, questa volta, su un focus tematico preciso costituito dalla riforma Monti-Fornero. Radicale, contestata, attuale, e il naturale punto di partenza per ogni discussione avente ad oggetto il nostro sistema pensionistico, rappresentando di fatto il testo fondamentale della vigente disciplina, cui sono succeduto modifiche unicamente nella forma di eccezioni e deroghe temporanee, ma nessuna sostanziale modifica.
A concludere la prima parte della tesi è posto il terzo capitolo contenente gli sviluppi più recenti della disciplina, molto spesso dovuti alla persistenza degli effetti della l. n. 214/2011 e alla ricerca di un nuovo difficile equilibrio d’insieme da rintracciare tra esigenze ed interessi spesso contrapposti.
Al termine di questo trittico retrospettivo, da leggere con organica unità, sono poste due ulteriori suddivisioni alle quali è affidato l’ingrato compito di gettare un ponte verso il futuro individuando il punto di approdo di un viaggio, in una dimensione intrinsecamente dinamica e dialettica, che si scopre e si realizza nel suo divenire.
Il quarto capitolo accoglie così la trattazione della previdenza complementare ed integrativa nei suoi aspetti normativi e funzionali, evidenziandone sviluppi, potenzialità oltre a lati oscuri meno noti e spesso ignorati.
La quinta ed ultima partizione è quella dei traguardi impossibili. La stessa titolatura rimanda programmaticamente ad eventi successivi, e per noi futuri, di ostica individuazione. Ecco spiegata la scelta espositiva di procedere per nuclei tematici, cercando non tanto di prevedere le sorti del sistema in sé, quanto piuttosto di analizzare questioni, attuali o destinate a diventarlo, assolutamente cruciali per la determinazione degli scenari a cui andremo incontro. In questo senso il riferimento va ad argomenti quali: il patto intergenerazionale; il problema, perché di questo ormai si tratta, demografico; la galassia del lavoro marginale.

€ 12,00 Il volume raccoglie gli Atti del Convegno 1967/2017. Previdenza sociale, vincoli di bilancio, andamenti demografici: un diritto in cambiamento? La sua pubblicazione vuole essere un punto di memoria della storia, oggi più che cinquantennale, della Scuola di Specializzazione in Diritto sindacale, del lavoro e della previdenza che, in continuità con l’intuizione del suo Fondatore, prof. Valente Simi, ha introdotto generazioni di giovani allo studio e alla conoscenza del Diritto della previdenza sociale e della sicurezza sociale.

Le prestazioni previdenziali e la nozione di retribuzione-Con la sentenza Elbal Moreno la Corte di Giustizia torna a occuparsi delle questioni legate all'applicazione del principio di uguaglianza in materia di prestazioni previdenziali. Si tratta di

International scientific mobility and research careers are two concepts that are intimately related. Yet, it has been very difficult for scholarship to pinpoint exactly how international mobility impacts on research careers. This paper contributes to this question by investigating links between international mobility, research career stage progression and job changes. It does so using a large-scale survey (MORE) which targets researchers based in European universities. The results establish that the profile of international mobility varies by academic research career stage. They also show that for researchers in the established mid-career phase who are working internationally, there are career advancements benefits associated with return mobility to their home country. However, these benefits may reduce if the timing of return is too delayed. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these results for researcher mobility policy in the context of the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area.

In order to provide more high-quality, skilled engineering workers for the construction projects of an innovative country, the Chinese government proposed "A Plan for Education and Training Outstanding Engineers (PETOE)" in 2010. One of the unique characteristics of PETOE is stressing the role of enterprise in the cultivation of new engineers. After five years of development, the plan has taken some imaginative steps, such as setting up lead agencies to guide university-industry cooperative cultivation, adjusting degree plans, cultivating programs and curriculum to enhance students' internships, building practice platforms, providing high-quality internship opportunities for students, and strengthening the qualifications of teaching staff to improve teachers' ability to guide engineering practice. These practices have achieved some success. However, some issues still exist in the plan, such as a lack of business initiatives in personnel training, insufficient guidance initiatives for teachers, barriers to the consistent expansion of PETOE pilots, and a lack of inter-institution cooperation between different degrees across universities. At the end of this article, some suggestions are put forward to be considered at the university, enterprise, and government levels.

The paper presents the preliminary results of a research project on the international mobility of young Russian researchers. This study is focused on the impact of education or work experience abroad on their future scientific careers, particularly their publication activity. The case study of the one large Russian university was examined: a unique for Russia database combining both biographical data (information from CV published openly) and publication activity indicators (data from Scopus) of employees of this university was collected. A positive relationship between the international mobility and scientific productivity of scientists was revealed. Those involved in international mobility not only publish more scientific articles on average but their papers are published in journals of higher level and are cited more often. We also found some differences in the choice of topics and collaboration behavior between mobile and non-mobile scientists.

Articoli giuseppe burgio irsi alla manodopera umana 1 e che sempre meno ha bisogno delle competenze del lavoratore 2. Accanto a ciò, abbiamo i servizi alla persona: è l'ambito-legato alle esigenze (e spesso all'arbitrio) di altre persone-che comprende badanti, cuochi, bambinaie, infermieri, sex worker, massaggiatori, etc. Nell'epoca postfordista, infatti, le prestazioni lavorative tendono a svolgersi prevalentemente nel campo delle relazioni umane e la professionalità si definisce sempre meno in termini "industriali" e sempre più in termini di servizi alla persona 3. Tale trasformazione-è bene sottolinearlo-non si limita però "alla sola sfera della produzione di beni e servizi, ma comprende la sfera della distribuzione, della vendita-consumo, la sfera riproduttiva. Per questa ragione, il lavoro comunicativo-relazionale, che di solito è definito per le sole attività di cura e di servizi generici alle persone, ha in realtà una valenza universale" 4. In tutti gli ambiti lavorativi, compresi quelli industriali, assistiamo infatti da tempo a quella che è stata definita una tendenziale servilizzazione del lavoro produttivo 5 : il lavoratore non fornisce più solo forza-lavoro ma tutto se stesso, gentilezza, buonumore, disponibilità e "bella presenza" compresi. Ma il termine servilizzazione implica anche il fatto che il lavoro tende a essere dequalificato: basti pensare alla proliferazione di impieghi a paga irrisoria, basso prestigio, scarsa realizzazione e futuro improbabile (i cosiddetti "McJob"), in particolare nel settore dei servizi. Il terzo modello (relativamente più recente) del postfordismo è infine rappresentato dalla forma del lavoro immateriale: la manipolazione di simboli, idee e sogni, che impiega segretarie, ricercatori, operatori dei call center, insegnanti, agenti di viaggio, consulenti, mediatrici culturali, tutor d'aula, grafici, informatici, stilisti di moda, fotomodelle, attori, etc. Come è evidente, questa categoria del lavoro immateriale comprende (pur non esaurendosi in esso) anche il lavoro intellettuale che, sempre più svalorizzato a livello sociale, viene ricompreso nell'ambito-più vasto, meno prestigioso, più facilmente e più direttamente dominato all'interno del dispositivo postfordista-della manipolazione simbolica. A differenza che nel modello taylorista, il lavoratore postfordista è un soggetto che detiene un alto grado di adattabilità ai mutamenti di ritmo e di mansione, che sa leggere i flussi di informazione, che è capace di lavorare

Abstract: Over the last twenty years or so the number of international students in Australia has grown rapidly. At the same time, official responsibility for providing support to international students has been devolved from governments to educational institutions. In this paper we argue that while education institutions have a significant role in supporting international students, there is a large gap in social support provided to them when off-campus. This is a gap which we believe could be filled by local government, to provide ...

ERC projects are expected to introduce significant high gain to the scientific ecosystem (and beyond). Such "high-gain" essentially means that the impact of the project should not be limited to the specific, tangible and direct outcomes of the project. Instead, it is also assessed in view of what would be possible beyond the scope of the project, based on breakthroughs achieved by the project. For this reason, ERC proposals should be seen as "open-ended" research projects. Since this far-sighted approach is not a common expectation in most funding schemes, its meaning and implications are often elusive to researchers aiming to acquire ERC funding. In this present article, we'll define the open-ended nature of ERC, and suggest ways to implement and assess this when establishing your ERC project proposal.

1. Introduzione 2. La retribuzione assoggettabile a contribuzione obbligatoria e la "retribuzionecorrispettivo" 2.1. L'irrisolta querelle sulla "corrispettività" del cd. "imponibile contributivo" 2.2. Considerazioni critiche sulla presunta "acausalità" del cd. "imponibile contributivo" 2.3.1. Il caso delle liberalità 2.3.2. Il caso delle somme corrisposte a titolo transattivo 2.3.3. Il caso del risarcimento del danno 3. Il cd. "minimale contributivo", tra massimale retributivo e retribuzione sufficiente 4. Il cd. "minimale contributivo" e il "contratto leader" 5. Dalla retribuzione con funzione previdenziale alla previdenza contrattuale 6. Previdenza contrattuale e welfare aziendale * 1. Introduzione Il tema assegnatomi può dirsi interessante, e l'indagine metodologicamente giustificata, a condizione di rileggerlo alla luce di quelli che mi sembrano essere i profili attuali più rilevanti in cui retribuzione, previdenza e welfare si intrecciano. La novità di maggior rilievo che coinvolge direttamente il rapporto tra retribuzione e previdenza, è costituita dall'avanzare della previdenza contrattuale 1 , suscettibile di riattualizzare teorie -come quella del "salario previdenziale" 2 -, evocative delle prime costruzioni fondative delle assicurazioni sociali 3 , e prevalentemente abbandonate con riferimento alla previdenza obbligatoria 4 . 1 Il filone di studi sulla previdenza complementare è sicuramente ascrivibile a questa "materia", ma ultimamente sono apparse opere anche monografiche ad essa espressamente intitolate: v., per es., SQUEGLIA, La "previdenza contrattuale". Un modello di nuova generazione per la tutela dei bisogni previdenziali socialmente rilevanti, Torino, 2014, che riconduce alla "previdenza contrattuale" la "previdenza complementare contrattuale", i "fondi sanitari integrativi", gli "ammortizzatori sociali contrattuali" e il "welfare aziendale e territoriale".

International mobility of researchers is increasingly constructed both as a science policy problem to be solved and as a goal to be pursued. Yet evidence on the experience of mobility and the factors associated with propensity to mobility remains patchy. We analyse comprehensive survey data on the mobility experience of university and non-university research institute researchers in the EU. Our results both confirm and challenge assertions about mobility made in the literature and in policy debates. We find that 57% of university respondents and 65% of institute respondents have experienced international mobility at least once in their research careers. We find that research visits are the most commonly experienced form of international mobility but that job migration (cross-country changes of employer) is also surprisingly common. International student mobility, and also industrial placement experience, seems to be a good predictor of subsequent mobility during the research career.

This documents gathers a number of inspiring practices around the promotion of leadership in HEI. The aim of this desk analysis is to identify initiatives and programmes developed in HEI, but also in other fields to foster leadership, and especially, female leadership. This report is based on secondary resources but also on the answers provided to an online survey spread among the Euraxess community to map and assess current existing practices.