Real Estate Appraisal

This systematic literature review synthesizes how Monte Carlo simulation is designed, implemented, and interpreted for quantitative risk assessment in mega real estate projects. Following a PRISMA-aligned protocol, we searched Scopus, Web of Science, ASCE Library, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Emerald Insight, complemented by Taylor & Francis Online and snowballing, screened records in two stages, and extracted standardized methodological variables. The final sample comprises 115 studies, analyzed across four decision-shaping themes: input distributions, dependence modeling, sampling discipline, and integration of cost, schedule, and finance. Most studies adopt triangular or PERT-style inputs, with lognormal alternatives common, while heavy-tailed forms remain underused despite escalation and long-lead exposures. Explicit dependence is unevenly treated, many models assume independence, whereas rank correlation, common drivers, or copulas reveal wider tails. Latin hypercube sampling dominates, quasi Monte Carlo appears in a minority, and only a subset justifies run size against precision targets. Where models link schedule to cost and propagate into cash flow and financing metrics such as debt service coverage ratio, credible bands widen and breach probabilities rise, improving alignment with lender and board thresholds. Sensitivity analysis is frequent yet mixed in rigor, with global and tailfocused measures offering clearer mitigation leverage than tornado charts, and validation by hindcasting or exceedance tests remains rare but decisive for credibility. We conclude that governance-ready practice requires tailaware input fitting, co-movement, variance-efficient designs with accuracy goals, integrated cost, schedule, and finance modeling, and transparent sensitivity and validation protocols that yield auditable percentile contingencies and covenant risk statements for stage-gate decisions.

This study explores the regulatory mechanisms governing real estate development in Algeria, shedding light on their influence on organizing the sector amid recent changes in the housing market. The research delves into the definition and scope of real estate development, emphasizing the pivotal role of real estate developers as central figures in this field. By examining the qualifications necessary for acquiring real estate developer status, the study reveals the stringent requirements and obligations imposed on these professionals. It further analyzes how these regulations aim to structure and streamline real estate activities, ensuring compliance and quality in development projects. However, the study identifies a persistent gap between legislative intentions and practical outcomes. Despite a robust legal framework designed to regulate and monitor real estate development, violations remain widespread and entrenched. These infractions often stem from systemic issues such as inadequate enforcement, corruption, and a lack of transparency within the regulatory process. The research highlights the ongoing challenges faced by regulatory bodies in maintaining effective oversight and ensuring adherence to established standards. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of these regulatory shortcomings on the housing sector, including issues related to project delays, substandard construction, and the uneven distribution of resources. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive review and reinforcement of regulatory measures to address these persistent problems. By providing a detailed analysis of both the regulatory framework and its practical implementation, the study offers valuable insights into the complexities of real estate development regulation in Algeria and the urgent need for reforms to enhance the sector's effectiveness and integrity.

Housing is ranked second after food in the daily physiological need of mankind. Despite this fact, housing development for human accommodation has continued to pose huge challenges which is not only limited to individuals but also to governments of all nations of the world. In addressing this problem, the Nigerian Government initiated and implemented various housing policies in the past to address this colossal problem varying from adequacy, affordability to quality. Thus, this article evaluates the various economic and environmental preferences urban housing consumers consider before deciding for a rental location. This study categorizes rental housing preferences of consumers into two tenure status. The survey approach was adopted and questionnaires as instruments for data collection was used. A total of 276 questionnaires was administered to household heads using stratified sampling technique; out of which 226 (82%) was recovered. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that different variances exist between tenement subgroups consumers amongst the 36 attributes used as variables for the study. The results also revealed that urban housing consumers exhibits low level of housing preferences linked with environmental blight and poor infrastructural deficiencies observable in most houses rented by consumers. The study advocates for an inclusive housing policy review which incorporates citizens participation and decentralization of policy formulation and implementation at the grassroot level and further align with principles of sustainable housing development.

Several years ago, we developed a program at the University of Connecticut called Invention Convention. Programs of this type eventually expended nationally and internationally; and they are mostly organized and carried out by university engineering departments and some university departments of education. In this day of unlimited access to knowledge and information via the Internet there are also unlimited opportunities for innovation, exploration, and entrepreneurism. We can help young people explore these opportunities with the type of program described in this brief article.

The study reveals that Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors are crucial in real estate investment decisions, particularly in healthcare facilities. The study adopted mixed approach in its design; it featured both descriptive and inferential statistics. It identified the key factors and mean ranking was done for the identified factors. In addition, was factor analysis which was also done to determine which of the factors were fit. The identified factors influencing ESG include biodiversity, employee wellbeing, sustainable design, indoor air quality, energy efficiency, water conservation, certification, community engagement, employment, and health and safety practices. These factors not only contribute to the sustainability and long-term profitability of investments but also contribute to societal wellbeing. Test done such as Kasier-Meyer-Olkin's measure of sampling adequacy and Barlett's Test of sphericity KMO measure indicate good sample quality. The study concludes that the incorporation ESG criteria into investment decisions do not only allow the investors to mitigate risks, enhance reputation but also it will help in advancing sustainable development goals. Setting priority right on ESG principles is essential for investors, developers and operators in the healthcare facilities sector and should be seen from that perspective.

Despite the significant advances in applying regression analysis into property valuation, the main features of the sales comparison approach lack thorough research. A series of works have endeavoured to retain the essence of the sales comparison approach, while at the same time take advantage of regressions to derive not only the implicit values of property attributes, but also the degree of similarity between properties. Despite these improvements, the determination of the best regression forms and the piecemeal-type of price adjustment remain vexing problems. The nearest neighbours method assumes that the effects of all attribute differences between the subject and comparable properties are captured by the Mahalanobis distance. The indicated market value of the subject property is simply a weighted average of the actual selling prices of the comparable properties. This method sidesteps the above vexing difficulties and seems worth employing. The present study extends the application of the nearest neighbours method to high-density residential properties, which have not previously been examined. In terms of both the average and coefficient of variations for prediction errors, neither the conventional regression nor the nearest neighbours method outperforms the other. Nevertheless, the distribution of the accumulated prediction errors suggests that the nearest neighbours method is superior over the regression analysis approach. Our empirical findings are, therefore, in favour of further pursuit along the small sample (comparables) methods.

Building projects have the greatest challenges because time, money, and quality are prone to change and have financial implications. Because of this extreme unpredictability, conventional construction contracts mandate that contractors get insurance and indemnity for all project-related works and personnel. Despite a growing understanding that insurance should be the primary tool for risk management, few contractors in Nigeria have utilized it. The study's objective was to evaluate the drivers that influence construction companies to adopt health and safety insurance. The respondents for the survey include Architects, Builders, Engineers, Quantity Surveyors, and Health and Safety Officers within the targeted construction firms in Abuja were surveyed using a questionnaire as part of a quantitative research approach with the adoption of convenience sampling. Retrieved data were analyzed using mean item score and standard deviation. The study discovered that construction firms regularly implement insurance policies based on drivers like project and contractor size; type of project; and unique project complexities among others. Conclusively, health and safety insurance is a helpful tool for risk management in building projects, and project characteristics have a significant impact on contractors' decisions to use insurance, the adoption of this policy is crucial without any reservation since worker's safety is more important than building projects, the adoption of the policy should be without any reservation, as this will limit hazards and allow due compensation for injuries or accidents on construction site. This study recommended that construction firms and legal authorities should devise a strategic approach to implementing the practice without paying attention to the drivers

This research examines the financial stability of companies operating in Georgia’s construction sector by applying three prominent bankruptcy prediction models: Altman’s Z-score, Springate, and Zmijewski. The study analyzed the financial data of 12 construction firms over the period 2020–2022 to assess their risk of insolvency.
The results reveal that most of the examined companies fall into high or moderate risk zones, indicating financial instability across the sector. While each model uses different financial ratios, there is a partial alignment among the outcomes, reinforcing the validity of the findings. Zmijewski’s model tends to identify higher distress levels, while Altman’s is comparatively more optimistic.
A critical limitation of the study is the lack of accessible and standardized financial data in Georgia, which restricts the models’ applicability and the research scope. Furthermore, these models are based on foreign economic contexts and require adaptation to reflect the specific conditions of Georgia’s construction industry.
The research highlights the urgent need for improved data transparency, local model development, and strategic policy interventions to support the long-term sustainability of the construction sector.

School bus transportation is one of the safest forms of transportation in the United States. Every day, our nation's 440,000 public school buses transport more than 23.5 million children to and from school and school-related activities. The main purpose of this research work is to provide valuable information regarding students and drivers perception and ideas towards the ashok Leyland school bus and asking to the drivers and students our valuable suggestion and regarding to changes and perception of students and drivers towards the ashok Leyland school bus in bidar city. This study is mainly based on questionnaire survey. Ten schools were selected and hundred students were interviewed based on random sampling. Students were provided with close ended questionnaire and analysis was performed based on their feedback.

Two fuzzy models for real estate appraisal, i.e. Mamdani-type and Takagi-Sugeno-Kang-type have been built with the aid of experts. Both models comprised 7 input variables referring to main attributes of a property being appraised. In order to determine the rule bases for both models an evolutionary algorithm has been applied. The experiments conducted using MATLAB software revealed that models assured acceptable estimations of property values.

This paper emphasizes the necessity of thorough investigative practices in ensuring the accuracy and dependability of valuation results. It reviews methodologies including market analysis, financial modeling, and scenario stress testing. The study identifies gaps in due diligence as a key source of valuation discrepancies and legal challenges. By integrating forensic-level rigor, valuation professionals can mitigate biases and meet regulatory standards. The paper recommends institutionalizing investigative benchmarks and continuous professional education to elevate valuation credibility.

The rapid expansion of Malaysia’s higher education sector has sparked increasing reliance on off-campus student rental housing. Yet, despite its scale, this informal rental ecosystem remains underregulated, inconsistently managed, and frequently unresponsive to student needs. This study investigates how key service quality dimensions influence student tenant satisfaction, proposing strategic solutions to enhance landlord–tenant relationships. Using the SERVPERF framework, a dual-lens survey approach was applied to responses from 403 student tenants and 83 landlords across Klang Valley. Results reveal empathy, responsiveness, and reliability as the most influential predictors of tenant satisfaction. The study highlights that professional landlord behaviours—not merely physical housing quality—form the foundation for tenant trust and retention. The findings support a strategic shift in rental housing management, offering a roadmap for improving tenant experiences and strengthening the credibility of Malaysia’s education sector.

Customer satisfaction and service quality are crucial factors in real estate professional service delivery. Firm size, amongst other factors, influences firms' service quality and hence its customers' satisfaction levels. This study investigated the influence of firm size on customer satisfaction levels of users of professional services provided by Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in the areas of property valuation and property management. Forty study participants comprising 20 respondents in each professional service area were drawn from users of property valuation and management services in Enugu urban. An adaptation of the SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to assess respondents' satisfaction levels in both service areas and ANOVA adopted to establish the influence of firm size on customer satisfaction. Findings revealed that mean satisfaction scores were higher for valuation services than for property management. Although firm size had no influence on respondents&#3...

Recibido 27-10-12 Revisión editorial: 22.2.13 Aprobado definitivamente: 11.04.13 Desde el año 1997, las políticas públicas en Chile han incluido el Dialogo Social como mecanismo de coordinación entre empresarios y trabajadores dentro del ámbito de la capacitación, sin embargo, tales políticas han mostrado poco éxito. Dentro del artículo, se plantean tres hipótesis comprensivas respecto a este fenómeno: la fragmentación de las relaciones laborales, el perfil valórico de la cultura chilena y el rol del trabajador en el sistema de capacitación. Como conclusión de esta reflexión, se explica cómo las condiciones de Chile impiden el desarrollo del diálogo social dentro del sistema de relaciones laborales y capacitación.

The study examined the indiscriminate disposal of waste in Ghana relative to the flooding and devaluation of properties in urban Kumasi and Tamale. Adopting the waste management theory coupled with survey design, the study investigated the types of waste produced in these cities. Using SPSS, the regression was utilised to analyse the relationship between proximity to flooding and flood prone areas and residential rental values. In both Kumasi and Tamale no tenant was willing to pay higher rent for a house located at a flooding or flood prone area irrespective of the architectural designs. An R of 0.54 and a P value 0.0000 at 0.5 significant levels indicating a fairly strong relationship between the two variables tested. The study found it dangerous for an emerging city like Ghana to have higher percentage (82%) of households practicing open dumping as the favourite method of waste disposal and treatment.

The purpose of the study was to examine the Influence of Physical Features of the Housing Environment on Students' Halls of Residence at the University of Cape Coast in the central region of Ghana. Quantitatively, a descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Housing Deficit Theory underpins the study. The study population comprised three hundred and eight one (381) level 100 students in the Halls of Residence at the University of Cape Coast. Stratified proportionate random and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the eight (8) halls of residence and three hundred and eight one (381) level 100 students. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used in the study to assess the reliability of the variables. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and show the direction of the responses. The study revealed that the students were satisfied with the physical features of the halls of residence, which influenced their contentment. Features such as recreational facilities, fire service systems, and relaxation facilities were vital in reaching such satisfaction. The study also indicated that the students were satisfied with how much their housing environment influenced their contentment. Students' relationship with their colleagues, the proximity of their halls of residence to the lecture halls and the serenity of the environment of the halls of residence all proved helpful in aligning the students' contentment to such an extent. It is recommended that the hall management should maintain the present physical features and facilities in the halls of residence for students' satisfaction. It is also recommended that the university management take into consideration the proximity of the halls of residence to the lecture theatres and the serenity of the environment of halls of residence in any future halls of residence construction.

Perencanaan wilayah adalah proses dalam mengatur penggunaan lahan, pengembangan infrastruktur, dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam di suatu wilayah yang bersifat kompleks dan memerlukan analisis yang mendalam. Perencanaan mencakup pada input, proses dan output dari suatu rancangan. Dengan ciri-ciri pokok yakni pemecahan persoalan- persoalan pada saat ini maupun di waktu yang akan datang (Lisa astria milasari, 2022). Analisis nasional dan analisis wilayah merupakan dua komponen penting dalam perencanaan wilayah.
Analisis nasional dapat mengarahkan investasi dan pembangunan infrastruktur yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional secara keseluruhan dengan memahami kebutuhan dan potensi secara nasional. Selain itu, analisis nasional juga dapat membantu dalam mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi wilayah dalam konteks nasional. Dalam sistem perencanaan pembangunan nasional, analisis nasional menjadi salah satu komponen penting dalam penyusunan rencana pembangunan wilayah. Oleh karena itu, peran analisis nasional dalam perencanaan wilayah sangatlah penting dan harus diperhatikan oleh perencana wilayah. Analisis nasional dan analisis wilayah memiliki perbedaan dalam perencanaan wilayah. Fokus utama analisis wilayah adalah mengidentifikasi potensi yang terdapat dalam wilayah tersebut, serta memperhatikan masalah-masalah yang muncul di dalamnya., sedangkan analisis nasional lebih fokus pada faktor perumusan strategi dan kebijakan yang tepat untuk pengembangan wilayah.

In a world of rapid anthropogenic land use, changes and declining biodiversity, there is an urgent need for understanding the state of biodiversity to aid management and conservation. In order to successfully manage land use in ways that is least harmful for biodiversity, it is vital to be able to identify habitats that are of most importance for biodiversity. In the present study the causes of extinction were noted in Darazinda. In our world, diversity of birds decreasing with the passage of time due to so many known and unknown factors, it has been discovered that the most important one is the deforestation. In the world total bird diversity is 9040 species in which 132 species are extinct now while hundreds have been declared threatened and endangered due to anthropogenic activities. Same phenomena were observed in the present research in which the bird diversity alarmingly decreased with the passage of time and most of the birds face imminent extinction. The estimated data shows...

Using recent data (2002-2012) from the US financial markets, we study the magnitude and benefits of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) and common stock in portfolio diversification. In particular, we examine the effects of risk-reduction benefits through diversifying among common stocks via Equity REITs (EREITs) and Mortgage REITs (MREITs). In addition, overall performance measures are calculated and compared among REIT, common stock and mixed-asset portfolios. We observe that investors can benefit from diversification using EREITs but not MREITs. In fact, MREITs turn out to be the worst asset class to be in diversifying portfolio. This conclusion is in contrast with Kuhle (1987) who claims improvement of portfolio risk reduction with MREITs. Our finding, however, is consistent with Hartzell et al. (1986) and Chen et al. (2005). Finally, even though our data period consists one of the historic collapses of real estate market in the US, it still indicates the EREITs still offers div...

Streszczenie Potrzeba ograniczenia kosztów utrzymania nawierzchni kolejowej skłania do poszukiwania rozwiązań umożliwiających wydłużenie okresów między naprawami. W artykule podano wyniki badań nawierzchni z warstwą podsypki zbrojonej geosiatkami oraz stabilizowanej żywicą. Przedstawiono technologię układania nowej nawierzchni na odcinku CMK oraz wyniki oceny stanu toru na odcinkach doświadczalnych.

Buying a home—be it a 1 BHK flat near you, a 2 BHK at Mira Road, or a 3 BHK luxury apartment—involves more than just the advertised price. Hidden charges can inflate your budget by 10–15%. So, when searching for new construction projects near you or real estate Mira Road, ensure you calculate the true cost and stay ahead.

An investigation into market research applicability among Estate surveyors and Valuers examined the competence with whichprofessionals carry out market research while on project appraisal. Structured questionnaires were analyzed using appropriate inferentialand descriptive statistical tools. The study revealed Estate Surveyors and Valuers carry out market research in feasibility studiesshabbily and without the required competence. The study also revealed that Estate Surveyors and Valuers spend little or no time incarrying out market research compared to the onerous task required in market research. This by implication obviously affects even themost viable investment decision. It recommended the need for the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers to providestandardized methodological framework within the context of project appraisal for market research and to actively play a supervisory roleto ensure Estate Surveyors and Valuers adhere to minimum practice standards.

What if the most valuable asset in commercial real estate isn’t the building—but the behavior inside it?

As Malaysia’s commercial property sector grapples with rising vacancies and shifting tenant expectations, traditional levers like pricing, location, and refurbishment are proving insufficient. This article argues that the next frontier of competitive advantage lies not in square footage, but in psychological space—the trust tenants feel, or lose, in every interaction with property teams. Drawing from empirical research on tenant satisfaction and organizational behavior, the piece reframes property management as a behavioral economy—where micro-moments of service, tone, and follow-through shape renewal rates more than amenities ever could.

At the heart of this shift is a simple truth: tenants don’t leave buildings—they leave relationships. And when they stay, it's because they trust the people behind the property.

The article offers three strategic levers to embed behavioral resilience in commercial assets, arguing that loyalty, once treated as an outcome, must now be engineered as a system. For owners, investors, and managers alike, this is a call to rethink what real performance looks like—and who, ultimately, creates it.

In a maturing Malaysian commercial real estate market, tenant retention is no longer a passive outcome of location and pricing—it is increasingly shaped by service quality and tenant experience. This study presents empirical evidence from 260 tenants across Klang Valley properties managed by Easy Management Group (EMG), analysing how service quality dimensions influence rental income, occupancy rates, and lease renewals. Using a modified SERVQUAL framework and SPSS-based statistical analysis, the research identifies tenant satisfaction as a significant predictor of financial performance. Notably, the strongest correlation emerges between satisfaction and lease continuity, highlighting the strategic role of service delivery in stabilising revenue. By situating these findings within Malaysia’s evolving tenant landscape—where digital expectations, ESG awareness, and post-pandemic work patterns now play a critical role—the study contributes a regional perspective to global service-profit discourse. It calls for a shift from viewing service as operational support to recognising it as core infrastructure for competitive advantage.

Dalam era industrialisasi yang semakin kompleks, pemahaman mendalam tentang analisa kelayakan pabrik menjadi kompetensi kunci bagi para insinyur dan manajer proyek. Buku ini menyajikan pendekatan sistematis dalam melakukan studi kelayakan, mencakup aspek pasar, teknis, manajemen, finansial, serta legal dan lingkungan. Materi dalam buku ini dikembangkan berdasarkan pengalaman praktis penulis sebagai konsultan profesional dan akademisi, diperkaya dengan studi kasus dan contoh aplikasi nyata di industri. Pendekatan yang digunakan memadukan teori fundamental dengan praktik terbaik yang berlaku di industri. Penulis menyadari bahwa buku ini masih memiliki kekurangan dan keterbatasan. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang konstruktif sangat diharapkan untuk penyempurnaan buku ini di masa mendatang. Semoga buku ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi para mahasiswa, praktisi, dan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dalam pengembangan proyek industri.

For International Valuation Standards (IVS) the estimate of the "forced sale" value implies a value judgment with reference to a degeneration of the market value basis, since "a forced sale" is a description of the situation in which the exchange takes place, not a distinct basis of value (IVS 2022, Par. 170.1).The paper illustrates a model that can be used to measure the difference between market value and forced sale value, as an aid to real estate valuations related to real estate executions. The proposed method is aimed at determining the difference between the estimated values and the final sales values obtained through the executive process, on the basis of the Short Table Comparison Approach (MCA). This method contributes more appropriately to the estimate of the value obtainable from the outcome of the enforcement process than arbitrary reductions in the market value. An application on a small sample of residential properties undergoing enforcement procedure highlights the possibility of using the Short Table MCA even with a limited number of comparables.

This study provides a prototype of Real estate listing mobile application that has the capability to organize, store, maintain and search data from a Mobile Device such as android or iOS. This application helps the household owners to list their properties without any cost. This system comprises of a mobile app, Central Database, Satellite database and offline database system. It consists of software that combines one or more servers to the computer as well as to the Mobile user, making it a Mobile app and A Web Browser. Apple Mac OSX working framework can also be utilized to make this framework. This Suite of apparatuses involves graphical UI (GUI) based applications, command-line instruments, and documentation to help in the product advancement process. This will pave a way to formalize the much-neglected Former Homelands (Village Sector) and facilitate the development of an inclusive real estate Evaluation Data, thus, enabling access to areas where there has been no base price until now.

Tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk sebesar 1,2% pertahun membuat tingkat konsumsi daging sapi ikut meningkat dengan rata-rata 2,9 kg/kapita/tahun. Terdapat beberapa tempat yang memproduksi sapi untuk pemenuhan daging tersebut seperti di Madura. Saat ini produksi sapi di Madura salah satunya berasal dari Pulau Sapudi yang dikirim melalui jasa pelayaran dan di bongkar di Pelabuhan Dungkek, Madura. Tetapi proses bongkar muat hewan ternak di Pelabuhan Dungkek masih belum memperhatikan kesejahteraan hewan (animal walfare) dikarenakan belum adanya fasilitas pelabuhan yang menunjang dan kapal tidak bisa sandar. Akibatnya sapi menjadi stres dan harga jual berkurang sekitar 20% dari harga awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem bongkar muat hewan ternak yang sesuai. Terdapat beberapa alternatif sistem bongkar muat hewan ternak yaitu dengan merancang alat bongkar muat dan pengembangan pelabuhan yang akan dipilih berdasarkan nilai kelayakan tertinggi. Dalam perancangan alat bongkar muat ...

Penurunan jumlah tamu hotel merupakan tantangan bagi industri perhotelan, termasuk The Papandayan Hotel Bandung. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktorfaktor utama yang menyebabkan penurunan jumlah tamu di hotel tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, berdasarkan data sekunder dari laporan hotel The Papandayan Hotel Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan jumlah tamu meliputi persaingan yang semakin ketat dengan hotel-hotel baru, perubahan preferensi pelanggan terhadap akomodasi berbasis digital seperti homestay dan apartemen sewa, serta dampak dari kondisi ekonomi yang mempengaruhi daya beli masyarakat.

Beninati, born in 1964, is a trailblazing entrepreneur, investor, and real estate developer whose impressive career spans more than three decades. Renowned for his ability to transform underutilized land into thriving, sustainable communities, Beninati combines strategic vision, financial expertise, and an unwavering commitment to creating spaces that foster growth and connection.-### **Foundations of Success** Joseph Beninati's academic journey laid the groundwork for his illustrious career. It was there that he refined his strategic and analytical abilities, skills that would become integral to his transformative approach to real estate development.-### **A Visionary in Real Estate Development**

Industri hotel berbintang di Bandung mengalami penurunan occupancy dalam beberapa tahun terakhir akibat berbagai faktor, salah satunya kebijakan efisiensi anggaran negara tahun 2025 yang membatasi perjalanan dinas dan kegiatan pemerintahan di hotel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi terkini industri perhotelan berbintang di Bandung, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan occupancy, serta merumuskan strategi pemasaran yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan daya saing hotel. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan manajer hotel dan analisis sumber sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selain kebijakan efisiensi anggaran, meningkatnya persaingan dengan akomodasi alternatif seperti Airbnb dan guest house juga berkontribusi terhadap penurunan jumlah pengunjung. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, hotel berbintang di Bandung mulai menerapkan strategi pemasaran digital, diversifikasi target pasar, serta inovasi layanan untuk menarik wisatawan. Dengan strategi yang tepat, industri hotel berbintang di Bandung diharapkan dapat meningkatkan okupansi dan mempertahankan daya saing di tengah dinamika industri perhotelan.

This study examined the effect of economic recession on property values in Wemabod Tower, Ikoyi, Lagos State with a view to understanding the property performance during recession. Relevant data for the study were gathered through interview conducted on real estate firms responsible for the management of the accommodation units. The data collected were then analyzed using frequency distribution chart and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the values of residential properties in the upper-end market are severely affected by the global economic meltdown due to the outcome of varying macroeconomic variables. Property owners as well as the management surveyors are left with no choice than to reduce the rental values of their properties in order not to lose out completely. The study therefore recommends that since the economic recession is global, there is the need to generate a robust property databank that depicts the actual rental trends and that property values should be priced in Naira and not in US dollars as done in most investment analysis, this will help to give the true performance measurement of the investments.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of application of the Discounted Cash Flow Models among Nigerian valuers. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2011 where sample of estate surveying firms was drawn from Lagos and Abuja, using stratified and snowball sampling techniques. A total number of 240 questionnaires were administered out of which 161 were retrieved and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. The study revealed that there is very low usage of the DCF-based models by Nigerian valuers. The impression that requirement of valuation clients in Nigeria do not warrant the use of the models, the noninclusion of the models in the country's higher educational institutions curricula, the perceived difficulty of the models and the failure of regulatory body to enforce their usage were identified as major factors hindering the adoption of these models among the surveyed respondents.

Prefaciada pelo Bastonário da Ordem dos Engenheiros, a obra Engenharia de Investimentos Imobiliários visa preencher uma lacuna técnica ao conjugar metodologias rigorosas de engenharia com abordagens económicas avançadas na análise de investimentos imobiliários. Com um âmbito abrangente, o livro aborda não só edifícios e construções convencionais, mas também grandes infra-estruturas de engenharia. Cada capítulo explora métodos detalhados de análise determinística e não determinística, acompanhados de exemplos concretos e ferramentas inovadoras para apoiar decisões estratégicas e sustentáveis. Com impressão de alta qualidade e cerca de 900 páginas, a obra constitui-se como referência técnica fundamental para especialistas, investigadores e profissionais do sector imobiliário e da engenharia, alinhando-se com os desafios actuais de sustentabilidade e inovação.
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Livraria de José Alves - Porto
https://www.bisturi.net/pt/engenharia-de-investimentos-imobiliarios-estrategias-metodos-e-sustentabilidade

I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis entitled -Causes and control mechanisms of road traffic accident: A case study from Shashemene to Adaba road.‖ is my original work, and has not been presented by any other person for an award of a degree in this or other University, and all sources of material used for thesis have been duly acknowledged. Mr Deme Arega Dembi Signature________________ Date ________________ As Masters research advisors, we hereby certify that we have read and evaluated this MSc. Research prepared under our guidance, by Deme Arega Dembi entitled: Causes and control mechanisms of road traffic accident: A case study from Shashemene to Adaba road. We recommend that it can be submitted as fulfilling the MSc. Thesis requirements Prof. Emer T. Quezon ______________ ____________ Main Advisor Signature Date Tarekegn Kumela (MSc). ______________ ______________ Co-Advisor Signature Date