Public Realm

In the global age of today, while our lives are constantly dragged from one place to another, we consume places temporarily. It is also difficult to establish a connection with these places during short-term relationships. Many thinkers have pondered to describe these places where there is no attachment and where the sense of belonging is lacking. Within the scope of this article, the studies of Foucault – Des Espace Autres (Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias), Relph – Place and Placelessness, Augé – Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity and Koolhaas – Junkspace are discussed, which take the most place in the literature. First, these studies were examined in detail, and then all terms were compared with each other. In order to speak of the terms from a general view, a common term has been developed within the scope of this article and all these spaces have been defined as Grey Spaces.

Beirut's policies in the last decade or more contributed to the creation of a highly car-dependent city with almost 2 million vehicles dominating the streets and causing high traffic congestion. Yet, Beirut's informal street markets carry the potential for the enhancement of a liveable sustainable city, which previous studies have overlooked. To approach this problem, urban planners need to rethink and restructure the existing street network in Beirut to decrease the distances between the suburbs and the centre of the city. The aim of this research is to formulate a rational system that assigns markets and pedestrian areas to certain streets where cars can have no or limited access. This system adopts a parametric tool based on fuzzy logic which analyzes the current street network and filters out streets that fulfil certain criteria such as parking availability and proximity to public transportation, hence decreasing centrality in the city. This method is applied to both fixed and temporary food markets that are characterized by highly dynamic pedestrian movement. The final results show a series of maps of Beirut with different scenarios identifying streets that fulfil the defined criteria as potential street markets, which can be the blueprint for further analysis of street and transportation planning creating more liveable and sustainable places.

“Moderna mecenater” undersöker framväxten av privatfinansierade konsthallar i Sverige från slutet av 1980-talet till 2010-talet, och placerar dem i en idéhistorisk och sociologisk kontext. Med utgångspunkt i Pierre Bourdieus fältteori analyseras relationen mellan filantropi, kulturellt kapital och det moderna entreprenörskapets logik. Studien spårar kontinuiteter och brott mellan det borgerliga mecenatskap som präglade sekelskiftet 1900 och de samtida initiativ som vuxit fram parallellt med välfärdsstatens tillbakagång. Genom fallstudier av Bonniers Konsthall, Sven-Harrys konstmuseum, Artipelag och Fotografiska diskuteras hur självbild, ekonomi och publikt tilltal samverkar i konstruktionen av dessa institutioners identitet. Av särskilt intresse är hur dessa konsthallar rör sig i skärningspunkten mellan symboliska och ekonomiska värden – från gåvoekonomi till affärslogik – och vad detta säger om konstlivets förändrade villkor i en marknadsorienterad samtid.

Imagine sun bathing, playing baseball, or fl ying a kite on top of a huge pile of garbage. Actually, there's no need to imagine-simply head out to Boston's Millennium Park. Fifteen years ago, known as the Gardner Street Landfi ll, it was a dump-literally. Today its 100 acres host sports fi elds, playgrounds, an outdoor classroom and amphitheater, six miles of walking and biking trails, and river access. As Mayor Tom Menino stated at its opening December 7, 2000, it is "a place for people of all ages and backgrounds to come for a picnic, a friendly ballgame, or some solitude." No one has tabulated all the parks and public recreational sites created on old landfi lls. There are certainly more than 250, and there may well be more than 1,000. They range from the famous, such as Flushing Meadow in New York (site of two World's Fairs) and the appropriately named Mt. Trashmore in Virginia Beach, to relatively obscure inner-city basketball and tennis courts, suburban golf courses, and soccer fi elds. One con-

Western universities trace back two traditions. One separates the campus from the surrounding community, while the other embeds itself in it. These models are exemplified by universities like Oxford and Cambridge in England, on the one hand, and those of Bologna and Paris, on the other. The madrasa, originally attached to a mosque, is another model that can take either form. This paper considers three variants on these traditions.

Varmt välkomna till samtal mellan konsthistorikern och skribenten Ellen Suneson och konstnären Shiva Niiko Anoushirvani på Krognoshuset i Lund den 4 maj kl.14:30 – 15:30.

”Under den turkosa kupolen” är en fras som förekommer i sagor på persiska/ farsi. Sagan inleds ofta med frasen Yeki Bood Yeki Nabood, en ungefärlig översättning till svenska språket är ”Det var en gång, det var ingen gång”. Frasen följs sedan av ”Under den turkosa Kupolen”. En kan tolka detta som att allt som händer i  berättelsen eller historien händer under den turkosa kupolen.

Samtalet mellan konsthistorikern Ellen Suneson och konstnären Shiva Niiko Anoushirvani kommer behandla ämnet flerspråklighet och berättarkulturer. Hur dessa formar vårt sätt att förhålla oss till världen omkring oss såväl som till skapandet. Vi pratar också om arbetet med utställningen och om hur sagor och språkets nyanser kan forma våra känslor och tankar kring livet och döden.

This article outlines the political underpinnings of public art in historically marginalized neighbourhoods. It challenges celebratory and ‘positive’ notions of public art towards a more conflict-attuned conceptualization of the manifold tensions within public art. It proposes the conceptual framework of the political difference of public art to study the multiplicity of conflicts emerging around the production of art in public space, for example, between policymakers and artists. By interconnecting political theories of conflict with public art, the article discusses the empirical case of downtown Chinatown in Vancouver, BC, Canada, and four commissioned artworks placed in its public realm in 2019. The politics of public art revolve around the administrative goals and management practices that govern public art, aiming to produce consensus, cohesion and order. The political of public art, by contrast, inscribes itself into urban space via unregulated creative articulations. This article unpacks the implicit and explicit differences between artists, policymakers, planners and community organizers, and offers a unique conflict-theoretical framework for public art. This conceptual framework helps to nuance an understanding of both public art and public space as contested within conflict-laden urban politics of belonging, inclusion and identity.

Milliyetçilik, tarihsel bağlamından koparılmaksızın ele alındığında, modernitenin inşasında kritik işlevler üstlenmiş; kimi zaman birleştirici, kimi zamansa dönüştürücü bir ideolojik araç olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Özellikle 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda, feodal yapının çözülmesiyle açığa çıkan toplumsal boşluğun tam ortasında beliren bu fikir akımı, modern ulus-devletin çimentosu hâline gelmiştir. Fransız Devrimi’nin ardından yurttaşlık idealiyle şekillenen milliyetçilik, kısa sürede Avrupa’da halkları birleştirici ve devletleri dönüştürücü bir ideolojik güce dönüşmüştür. İtalya ve Almanya’nın ulusal birliğe kavuşması sürecinde şekillenen milliyetçi hareketler, yalnızca romantik kültürel birliktelik hayallerinin değil, aynı zamanda politik pragmatizmin, ekonomik entegrasyonun ve toplumsal seferberliğin de birer ürünüydü. Sömürgecilik karşıtı mücadelelerin yaşandığı Asya ve Afrika coğrafyasında ise, milliyetçilik, bir direniş söylemi olarak yükselmiş; “özgürlük” ve “bağımsızlık” gibi kavramlarla örülmüş birer kurtuluş anlatısına dönüşmüştür. Bu bağlamda değerlendirildiğinde, milliyetçilik yalnızca bir kimlik inşası değil, aynı zamanda tarihsel olarak kolektif bir özne yaratma ve o öznenin kendine olan güvenini tazeleme girişimi olarak da okunabilir.

Ne var ki, her ideolojik yapı gibi milliyetçilik de sabit kalmamış; zaman içinde hem anlam, hem de işlev bakımından dönüşüme uğramıştır. Modern ulus-devletin kurucu mitoslarından biri olarak tarih sahnesindeki yerini aldıktan sonra, değişime ayak uyduramadığı ölçüde, giderek katılaşmış ve bir statüko ideolojisine evirilmiştir. 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Avrupa’yı kasıp kavuran faşist rejimler, bu dönüşümün en uç ve yıkıcı tezahürlerindendir. Bir zamanlar toplumları yurttaş bilinciyle bir araya getiren, aidiyet duygusunu pekiştiren milliyetçilik, zamanla tek tipleştirici bir güce dönüşerek farklılıkları bastıran, çoğulculuğu tehdit eden bir ideolojik aygıta dönüşmüştür.

Bugün ise, postmodernitenin çoğulcu toplumsal yapısı, milliyetçiliğin geleneksel kalıplar içinde sürdürülebilirliğini sorgulatmaktadır. Artık çok daha karmaşık, çok katmanlı ve çok sesli bir toplumsal dokuya sahibiz: etnik kökenlerin, dini inançların, kültürel ifade biçimlerinin ve cinsel kimliklerin bir aradalığı üzerine kurulu bu yeni gerçeklik, “tek millet, tek kimlik” gibi eski paradigmalara sığmamaktadır. Bu noktada, milliyetçilik eskisi gibi birleştirici değil; tam tersine, dışlayıcı ve kutuplaştırıcı bir unsur hâline gelme tehlikesi taşımaktadır.

Nihayetinde, milliyetçilik, ilk ortaya çıktığı zamanlardaki gibi artık yalnızca bir milletin geçmişteki var olma ve hayatta kalma refleksiyle anlam kazanamaz. Onun bugünkü meşruiyeti, bir aradalığın sürdürülebilirliğini mümkün kılacak demokratik bir uzlaşıya katkıda bulunabilmesinde yatmaktadır. Aksi halde, çağın gerisinde kalan tüm otoriter rejimler gibi, milliyetçiliğin eski kalıplarına saplanan toplumlar da kendi iç çatışmalarında boğulmaya mahkûmdur.

This article re-evaluates Jürgen Habermas's concept of post-national identity, a key element of his model of deliberative democracy, within the context of Germany's renewed debates on memory politics. Habermas posits that democratic belonging in multicultural societies should be fostered through post-national identity based on shared political culture. Central to this identity are the learning processes that arise from public debate, with discussions on coming to terms with the past playing a vital role. However, recent restrictions on freedom of expression in Germany, justified in part by appeals to the politics of memory, challenge Habermas's framework. The article first examines the role of post-national identity within Habermas's theory to better understand these restrictions and their implications for his democratic theory. It then explores key points in Germany's discourse on memory politics, and finally, contends that the emergence of Staatsräson indicates a crisis for post-national identity, revealing a democratic backsliding.

Artikeln utgar fran den kritik av kritiken som Bjorn Klarqvist presenterade i Nordisk Arkitekturforskning 1994:2. Objektsfixeringen ses som en problematisk, oskriven kod, inte bara for tidskriften Arkitektur . Bristen pa goda skribenter ar ett annat problem och artikeln diskuterar nagra organiserade forsok i Sverige att forbattra arkitekturkritiken. Slutsatsen ar en utmaning till arkitekturforskarna att skriva arkitekturkritik.

Abstract; With more people opting for the urban living and working, cities are becoming important for promoting economy, generating  employment and providing infrastructures. Unsustainable urban  growth, led by uncontrolled concentration of population  in the  limited  urban areas,  has numerous implications  for human living.  Globally, cities are fast  emerging as areas of  dualities and contradictions, adversely  impacting human living and nature. Prime reason for  unsustainable urban development can be attributed to non-involvement of  urban youth, despite being in majority, in the process of urban planning and management. Making cities resilient, sustainable and inclusive, would require  engaging and involving  youth  proactively  in the art and science of planning , designing and management of cities. In search for sourcing appropriate options of involving youth in urban context , paper looks at the; prevailing issues creating roadblocks in the rational growth and development of the cities ,  explains  the  role and relevance of  youth participation in the  urban context,  to address  the emerging urban challenges and  making value addition to  cities.

Çok bileşenli toplumlar, etnik, dilsel, dini ve kültürel çeşitliliğin yoğun olduğu ve bu çeşitliliğin toplumsal yapıyı derinlemesine şekillendirdiği toplumlardır. Bu toplumlarda iktidarın meşruiyeti, sadece hukuki ve siyasi geçerlilikle değil, aynı zamanda toplumun farklı segmentlerinin kabulü ve desteğiyle sağlanır. Meşruiyetin temelleri, bu farklı segmentlerin kendilerini ifade etme ve eşit bir şekilde temsil edilme hakkını tanımaya dayalıdır. Ancak çok bileşenli toplumlarda, toplumsal ve siyasi yapılar arasındaki uyumsuzluklar, meşruiyetin oluşumunu güçleştirirken, iktidarın yıkılmasına da zemin hazırlayabilir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, çok bileşenli toplumlarda iktidarın meşruiyetinin temellerini, bu meşruiyetin nasıl oluştuğunu ve aynı zamanda nasıl çözülebileceğini incelemektir. Meşruiyetin oluşumu ve yıkılması, çok bileşenli toplumların politik yapısındaki temel gerilimlerin ve toplumsal bölünmelerin doğrudan bir sonucudur. Bu bağlamda, toplumdaki etnik, kültürel ve sosyal bölünmelerin, siyasi meşruiyetin inşasına ve sürdürülmesine nasıl etki ettiğini anlamak, demokratik süreçlerin başarısı ve sürdürülebilirliği açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.

With more people opting for the urban living and working, cities are becoming important for promoting economy, generating  employment and providing infrastructures. Unsustainable urban  growth, led by uncontrolled concentration of population  in the  limited  urban areas,  has numerous implications  for human living.  Globally, cities are fast  emerging as areas of  dualities and contradictions, adversely  impacting human living and nature. Prime reason for  unsustainable urban development can be attributed to non-involvement of  urban youth, despite being in majority, in the process of urban planning and management. Making cities resilient, sustainable and inclusive, would require  engaging and involving  youth  proactively  in the art and science of planning , designing and management of cities. In search for sourcing appropriate options of involving youth in urban context , paper looks at the; prevailing issues creating roadblocks in the rational growth and development of the cities ,  explains  the  role and relevance of  youth participation in the  urban context,  to address  the emerging urban challenges and  making value addition to  cities.

Socialmedicinsk tidskrif t 2/2019 183 Sedan Morag Myerscough studerade på Royal College i London under 1990-talet har det varit viktigt för henne att inte identifieras med en specifik konstnärlig inriktning. Under utbildningstiden blev hon influerad av sextiotalets design, Bauhausrörelsen och The Memphis Group. Utbildningen i sig upplevde hon som alltför lite utmanande och hon experimenterade därför med egna uttryck, inspirerad av olika discipliner. När hon lämnade universitet fick hon höra att hon varit otydlig med sitt val av yrkesroll. Vid den tiden fanns starka förväntningar på att en student skulle välja ett yrkesområde och ägna sig åt det. (Idag är det alltmer självklart med gränsöverskridande möten mellan konst, design eller arkitektur.) Även om Myerscough under en period försökte specialisera sig inom grafisk design lockades hon aldrig riktigt av att röra sig i en särskild riktning, eller av att specialisera sig på ett enda konstnärligt fält. Kritiken hade dock väckt hennes ...

Title: Lafayette Square [EDRA / Places Awards -- Design] ... Publication Info: Places, College of Environmental Design, UC Berkeley ... Permalink: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n24s3gd ... Acknowledgements: This article was originally produced in Places Journal. To ...

This paper explores the utilisation of sensory mapping techniques to enhance livable and inclusive urban environments, with a focus on revitalising neglected void spaces. It emphasises the importance of community engagement and renewal in these areas and highlights sensory mapping as a method to capture diverse experiences and insights. Drawing from interdisciplinary case studies, it illustrates how sensory experiences influence perceptions of urban spaces and contribute to a sense of belonging. The paper stresses the significance of inclusive design in shaping public spaces that accommodate individuals of all backgrounds and abilities, advocating for accessibility and consideration of marginalised groups. By synthesising theoretical insights with practical examples, it offers recommendations to promote collaboration, accessibility, and cultural sensitivity in sensory mapping projects, aiming to transform void spaces into vibrant, people-centred places.

Recent cooperative housing projects in Zurich have become icons of architectural design internationally. But what makes innovation in nonprofit housing possible within a largely for-profit real estate market? What has enabled Zurich’s lasting commitment to nonspeculation for more than one hundred years? How does built architecture partake in these processes — and how does its partaking expand the definition of architecture? “Cooperative Conditions” answers these questions in a systematic investigation of eight conditions that have allowed Zurich’s cooperative housing to thrive under the principles of public benefit, or Gemeinnützigkeit. By analyzing specific financial and regulatory instruments, their history, and their intersection with the built environment, this primer shows that the exceptional quality in Zurich’s cooperative housing is possible because of, not despite, the commitment to nonspeculation.

The creation of democratic and ecological cities is a question of radical social transformation. The city has played an important role in human life from antiquity until nowadays. We cannot think of our future without thinking of the future of our urban inhabitant. Oversimplified proposals for the abandoning of city life and retreat to small villages and rural life have either lost touch with reality, or are being influenced by primitivism and its anti-political orientation. If we are to create democratic and ecological society, we will have to rethink and remake our cities along democratic and ecological lines.

By "nothing" she referees to the term "Shunyata" used by the Buddhist´s which means something like filled emptiness. I´ll talk about experiences of the work from my own point of view, since I visited it in July 2014, some critic´s and other visitors thoughts and Abramović´s own intentions and experiences of it. I will also compare the role of the audience in this work with earlier works of Abramović and suggest an interpretation based on stigmata.

The social life, history, and customs of historic towns are all influenced by the public domain. The urban planning and architecture of the public domain establish the distinctive identity of old towns. They help to bring people together and form social bonds. In this phase, urban planning and architecture are vital. The public realm's historical character is essential for social interactions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impacts of conflict on the urban public realm (market places) in Mosul's war-torn region. Because they are largely responsible for the synthetic feeling of multidimensional space, the combination of urban and architectural influences was evaluated. These goals were fulfilled by employing an interpretative historical analysis methodology based on original assessment criteria. The data were used to categorize parts of the public domain that needed revitalization. By re-establishing the proper balance of economic, social, and cultural forces, revitalization programs aid in the preservation or revitalization of desirable places. The study found that the orderly and harmonious preparation of the public domain has a significant impact on people's perceptions of space.

INDOT Statewide Access Management Study What is Access Management? What Happens If You Don't Manage Access? What are the Benefits of Access Management? • Fewer Accidents • Increased Capacity • Shorter Travel Time What are the Principles of Access Management? • Limit the number of conflict points • Separate the conflict points • Remove turning volumes and queues from through movements Right-In / Right-Out / Left-In

Abstract
The concept of livability has gained prominence in urban planning and practice over the past five decades, though it remains ambiguously defined within urban studies. Livability reflects the quality of living and its impact on community well-being. Jan Gehl's work on walkable, social environments has significantly influenced the evaluation and improvement of public spaces to enhance livability. This study investigates the livability of commercial streets in Muscat, Oman, focusing on design aspects that influence community life. Using a mixed methodology, including literature review, questionnaires, and behavioral mapping, the study examines two case studies in Muscat. The analysis highlights that sense of place, aesthetic appeal, activities, and pedestrian-friendly streets are crucial for attracting people and enhancing street livability. The findings suggest that Gehl's criteria for assessing livability can be adapted to Gulf cities and similar geo-cultural contexts.

The nature of public space has changed over the time period. Its role evolved and developed as per the requirement, context, and culture of people. Public space development is an art of creating a connection between the city and people. A city without public spaces creates a city without culture and history. Public space directly contributes for socio, the economic and environmental development of the city. Its traces can be found from Agora's in the Greek period to parks and squares in contemporary times. Public spaces have been focal point of the city in past, but they lost their attention during modern urban development. It acts as a stage for translation of art and the drama of city life. Different experts from various fields have introduced different terminologies to explain the same and much work is done on the environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. In contrast, the social dimension is yet to be explored. The public space directly contributes to social sustainability thus, it's essential to understand and integrate the concept of public space in the present time. In developing countries, the shortage of public space can be addressed by its effective utilization and the city's identity can be restored by developing an association between the city and people through publicness criteria identified in the study. The intent of the study is to provide a solution to fill the social gap created during modernism and technological advancement by taking references from the past.

As planners and urbanists continue to debate urban reforms needed to achieve humanist ideals-including just forms of sustainability-several different schools of thought are vying for influence, including cultural urbanism (celebrating the everyday, temporal, occasional, and timeless), pluralist urbanism (aiming for a co-produced city that is more democratic, participatory, and open-ended), and inclusive urbanism (focusing on the right to the city and its accommodations for all populations). Here, we examine feminist urbanism-the specific challenge of gender-equal spaces, particularly public spaces-as a model framework that suggests how the other schools of thought can be combined and translated into practical action. We focus on the nature and importance of public space and the role of gender inclusiveness in assuring public spaces that are more broadly open, participatory, pluralist, and supportive of temporal and everyday activities. We thus find that the emerging concept of feminist urbanism reveals essential issues for a wider humanist urbanism-in particular, who the city is meant to serve and whether the public realm is equitably 'public' to all its users. We note major remaining questions and research lacuna to be investigated, and we conclude with several policy and design recommendations.

With the essay collection "Mama, darf ich das Deutschlandlied singen" and the poems "Sometimes A Single Leaf," the German-Jewish writer Esther Dischereit presents an overview of her work, which has been published scatteredly since 1995. It illustrates how her poetic, journalistic, and political commitment to the perception of the dignity of "minorities" (Ceija Stojka) is fed by the reflection of Jewish experience in and with the Federal Republic of Germany. She places current racist atrocities as well as the problematic handling of right-wing violence by German authorities in the context of a fundamental discussion of "the public sphere" and in this context provides eminently valuable building blocks for a necessary debate about the value of an institution that is in danger of being damaged in the age of populism, social media, and dwindling newspaper circulation.
#public sphere #diversity #NSU #jewish identity
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GER.: Mit dem Essayband "Mama, darf ich das Deutschlandlied singen" und den Gedichten "Sometimes A Single Leaf" legt die deutsch-jüdische Autorin Esther Dischereit einen Überblick über ihr seit 1995 verstreut publizierten Schaffens vor, der verdeutlicht, wie sich ihr poetisches, publizistisches und politisches Engagement für die Wahrnehmung der Würde von «Wenigerheiten» (Ceija Stojka) aus der Reflexion jüdischer Erfahrung in und mit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland speist. Sie stellt aktuelle rassistische Unsäglichkeiten im politischen Diskurs sowie den problematischen Umgang deutscher Behörden mit rechter Gewalt in den Kontext einer grundsätzlichen Diskussion von «Öffentlichkeit» und liefert in diesem Zusammenhang eminent wertvolle Bausteine für eine notwendige Debatte um den Wert einer Institution, die im Zeitalter von Populismus, Social Media und schwindenden Zeitungsauflagen Schaden zu nehmen droht.
#jüdische Identität #Deutschland #Rechte Gewalt #NSU-Prozess #Öffentlichkeit

The urban 45 presents 3 policy ideas for each of 15 themes relating to Australian cities. The purpose of the Urban 45 summit and this resulting report was to provide brief analysis and practical suggestions for how to make our cities better and fairer places to live. At a time of unprecedented prosperity and urbanisation the Urban 45 asks how Australia can become more effective in addressing the growing problems facing our cities.

In this first Shaping Qatar's Sustainable Built Environment Special Issue, we have selected three papers that were presented at the inaugural Qatar Green Building Conference 2015. The four key themes of the conference were: 1) Passivhaus in the MENA region; 2) Retrofitting Doha; 3) Measuring the Carbon Footprint and Qatar's National Vision; and 4) Future Sustainable Cities. Maria Mühlbauer in her paper entitled "Smart building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) for Qatar," presented under the theme Passivhaus in the MENA region, proposes the application of smart buildingintegrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems to allow private residents to participate in the production of renewable energy. She describes the provision of adapted PV systems suitable for the Middle East's climatic conditions and Arabic architecture, and gives advice on dealing with both the challenging climatic conditions and the economics of the relatively low electricity price. She further describes how, by visualizing all energy flows in the buildings connected to a smart BIPV system, residents can be made aware of their energy demands and given the opportunity to replace conventionally produced energy with self-produced renewable energy. Dena Qaddumi and Ameena Ahmadi in their paper entitled "Scaling down planning in Doha towards the neighborhood and its public realm," presented under the theme Future Sustainable Cities, discuss the need for attention to the design and maintenance of cohesive and shared spaces between buildings in existing neighborhoods. They explore the question of how the built environment can preserve tradition and identity with a focus on the public realm in neighborhoods. They outline two dominant approaches to planning in Doha: rational comprehensive planning and entrepreneurial management planning. Using these approaches as a framework, they review the planning trends of the last two decades in Doha. Sarah Clarke et al. in their paper entitled "Towards a more sustainable waste management in Qatar: Retrofitting mindsets and changing behaviours," presented under the theme Retrofitting Doha, provide a thorough discussion of the current state of waste management in Qatar, while exploring the importance of technical versus behavioural solutions in improving waste management systems. They argue that technological solutions and retrofits alone will not solve waste management problems faced by Qatar unless there is an associated change in mindsets and behaviours at all levels and in all communities. Drawing on examples from individual, organisational and community-driven initiatives in solid waste management in Qatar and a survey of attitudes towards waste, they point to a need for a "retrofit" of mindsets and behavioural change to achieve a transformation in solid waste management. Collectively, these papers bring together several strands of the conference while providing important insights into the problems of planning and the built environment that will move Qatar further towards its goals of sustainable development and the social and environmental pillars of Qatar National Vision 2030.

While youth media production work has increased dramatically over the past two decades, researchers still lack an adequate theorization of how institutionally-mediated youth production programs instigate democratic acts. Central to this deficiency are shortcomings in the two dominant frameworks typically used to conceptualize the democratic potential of young people's media work. In response to this, I turn to the work of Hannah Arendt and use her conceptualization of public action as framed in relation to a "pedagogy of natality" to assess the relationship between creative youth practice and democracy. While Arendt's framework offers a compelling vision of democratic action, her model is also invaluable for mapping how production work affects adolescents' democratic experience. It focuses the analytic lens on agonistic struggles that expand the way youth register and pay heed to plurality.

Baird-Frampton In the rise of contemporary architectural theory, Kenneth Frampton (b. 1930) and George Baird (b. 1939) were among the key theorists and critics who sought to grasp and recover the meaning of architecture in terms its sociopolitical relation to the public realm. For Frampton

Baird-Frampton In the rise of contemporary architectural theory, Kenneth Frampton (b. 1930) and George Baird (b. 1939) were among the key theorists and critics who sought to grasp and recover the meaning of architecture in terms its sociopolitical relation to the public realm. For Frampton and Baird, modern architecture's crisis of meaning stems from the loss of an inherent relation to the public realm, and therefore to the possibilities for an affirmative human politics at once critical of, and alternative to, the hegemony of capital. Frampton and Baird look to the phenomenological political philosophy of Hannah Arendt to understand how architectural making, insofar as it contributes to the constitution of a common world, is a precondition for the possibility of acting politically and thus a means of potentially recovering an authentic public realm. 2 (Holmquist, 2020) On the other hand, Frampton in his 'The Status of Man and the Status of His Objects' 3 (Frampton, 1979) which he presented, is included in the book produced after the conference, Hannah Arendt: The Recovery of the Public World. 4 (Arendt, 1979) Baird is together with Frampton the two first scholars from the field of architecture to understand the value of Arendt's writings for the field of architecture. But where Frampton mainly focuses on Arendt's distinction between labor and work, more or less neglecting the notion of action, criticizing the economical and processual turn in architecture, Baird is, in his writings, much more focused on the political dimension of design as well as the issue of public space. Frampton's and Baird's architectural theories are therefore marked by a profound ambivalence as to architecture's capacity to take what Baird calls the "ethical risk" of acting towards the political possibilities of others.