Psychiatric Comorbidity

Lignocelulitic compounds have a high content of fermentable material, are renewable and have a net Co 2 emission close to 0 and as such a good alternative towards energy security, unstable prices and contamination from fossil fuels. Access to fermentable components, by fungi or enzymes is the main limitation to fermentation technology and only then biofuels like ethanol or biodiesel could achieve competitive conditions against oil derivatives. To increase the availability of fermentable compounds, the efficiency of three methods of lipid extraction was studies from beet bagasse, either fresh or dehydrated: lime, ammonia, and sacharification with simultaneous fermentation. Substrates were enriched with ultrapectinase and cellulase for polisacharides hydrolyses, after wich were fermented in solid state with the fungi Umbelopsis isabellina for lipid accumulation. Best treatment was sacharification with simultaneous fermentation yielding a 6% lipid per gram of initial dry matter. More research on fermentation control, separation and microbial biomass is needed and taking into account variables such as temperature, pH, water activity, redox potential, particle size and C/N ratio.

Objective: This study was conducted in post stroke patients to assess the prevalence of depression and its correlation with anxiety , to give an account of patients experience between self and others and to generate a data for clinicians and other health care providers to consider these important predictors when assessing and managing depression and anxiety among stroke patients for a value-added treatment that could address both conditions in patients to enhance functional recovery and ease the burden of patient care Methods: The patients which fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. After taking an informed consent and after a detailed explanation about the questionnaire the patients were provided with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and were asked to tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how they have been feeling in the past week. The data collected was subjected to data analysis. The mean± SD scores of depression were 11.70±2.377 and 12.65±2.779 with the p-value of 0.02 ≤0.05 which is statistically significant in order words the relationship between anxiety and depression scores is likely not due to the chance and r-value of 0.37, indicates moderate positive correlation. This means that as anxiety scores increase, depression scores tend to increase. There is a moderate positive correlation between anxiety and depression scores, and this relationship is statistically significant. PSA is less related to stroke than PSD since its primary predictors comprise lifetime anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and agoraphobia without panic disorder. PSD is less predictable than PSA as a post-stroke affective disorder because it is stroke-related.

Background: Headache is one of the most common neurological symptom that we come across, but very few well-planned studies have been conducted to know its psychiatric aspects .The aim of the study was to investigate the socio demographic profile, clinical types and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with various types of headache. We conducted a cross-sectional study for a period of one and a half years in Shri Maharaja Hari Singh hospital of Government medical college. The study was conducted in patients attending the medical outpatient department (OPD) for headache. The diagnosis of various types of headache was established by adopting the International Headache Society criteria (2004). A total of 200 patients were screened. Psychopathology was measured using MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Schedule PLUS (MINI PLUS). Descriptive statistics was used to report the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients. Chi-square was used to assess association between categorical variables and a p-value of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 200 patients, there were 83 (41.5%) males and 117 (58.5%) females. Their ages ranged between 18 years to 78.5 years, with mean (± SD) of 35.85 (± 9.45) years. Psychiatric morbidity in headache was 47%. The psychiatric morbidity was more in females (53%) than males (38.6%) (P-value=0.044). It was also more in urban (58.3%) than rural areas (42.1%) (p-value= 0.036). Tension-type headache (48%) was the most predominate type of headache. Patients with headache had higher psychiatric morbidity. Screening patients with headache for psychiatric disorders and timely psychiatric intervention can go a long way in improving the quality of life of headache with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

The rate of dependence among ever-users of a drug indicates the risk of developing dependence once an individual has been exposed to the drug. This is the first study to investigate 12-month tobacco dependence (TD) among ever-smokers in a community-based population. Analyses were based on two national studies of representative samples aged 18-64 in 1984 (n=5,025) and in 2001 (n=6,275), conducted with household visits and face-to-face interviews. The rates of 12-month TD among ever-smokers in men showed no significant difference between 51.6% in 1984 and 50.6% in 2001. On the contrary, the rates in women significantly increased from 33.3% in 1984 to 52.8% in 2001. After adjusting for the sociodemographic variables, 'male gender' was significantly associated with 12-month TD among eversmokers in 1984, but not in 2001. 'Unmarried' was significantly associated in 2001 but not in 1984. 'Alcohol dependence' was the only psychiatric disorder associated with 12-month TD in both study years. In conclusion, 12-month TD was found in about 50% of ever-smokers, and gender differences between the rates of 12-month TD which was observed in 1984 disappeared in 2001. Individuals with 12-month TD showed higher comorbidity with alcohol dependence than ever-smokers without TD.

The rate of dependence among ever-users of a drug indicates the risk of developing dependence once an individual has been exposed to the drug. This is the first study to investigate 12-month tobacco dependence (TD) among ever-smokers in a community-based population. Analyses were based on two national studies of representative samples aged 18-64 in 1984 (n=5,025) and in 2001 (n=6,275), conducted with household visits and face-to-face interviews. The rates of 12-month TD among ever-smokers in men showed no significant difference between 51.6% in 1984 and 50.6% in 2001. On the contrary, the rates in women significantly increased from 33.3% in 1984 to 52.8% in 2001. After adjusting for the sociodemographic variables, 'male gender' was significantly associated with 12-month TD among eversmokers in 1984, but not in 2001. 'Unmarried' was significantly associated in 2001 but not in 1984. 'Alcohol dependence' was the only psychiatric disorder associated with 12-month...

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorder (TD) represent highly disabling, chronic and often comorbid psychiatric conditions. While recent studies showed a high risk of suicide for patients with OCD, little is known about those patients with comorbid TD (OCTD). Aim of this study was to characterize suicidal behaviors among patients with OCD and OCTD.MethodsThree hundred and thirteen outpatients with OCD (n = 157) and OCTD (n = 156) were recruited from nine different psychiatric Italian departments and assessed using an ad-hoc developed questionnaire investigating, among other domains, suicide attempt (SA) and ideation (SI). The sample was divided into four subgroups: OCD with SA (OCD-SA), OCD without SA (OCD-noSA), OCTD with SA (OCTD-SA), and OCTD without SA (OCTD-noSA).ResultsNo differences between groups were found in terms of SI, while SA rates were significantly higher in patients with OCTD compared to patients with OCD. OCTD-SA group showed a significant ma...

Чувашский государственный университет им. и.н. ульянова», Чебоксары; 2 университет Тромсе, Тромсе, норвегия; 3 университетская клиника Северной норвегии, Тромсе, норвегия; 4 Больница нурланда, Будё, норвегия Приведено описание клинического случая судорожных приступов у мужчины в возрасте 40 лет, который проходил обследование и лечение у неврологов и психиатров на протяжении 15 лет. из-за низкой эффективности лечения и постоянного ухудшения состояния пациент утратил трудосопособность. Первоначальный диагноз психогенных неэпилептических приступов был дополнен диагнозом биполярного аффективного расстройства ii типа. лечение ламотриджином привело к улучшению состояния пациента, что расценено как позитивное воздействие на органические изменения в головном мозге, находящиеся в связи как с аффективными, так и эпилептическими нарушениями.

The patterns of comorbidity among mental disorders have led researchers to model the underlying structure of psychopathology. While studies have suggested a structure including internalizing and externalizing disorders, less is known with regard to the cross-national stability of this model. Moreover, little data are available on the placement of eating disorders, bipolar disorder and psychotic experiences (PEs) in this structure. We evaluated the structure of mental disorders with data from the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, including 15 lifetime mental disorders and six PEs. Respondents (n = 5478-15 499) were included from 10 high-, middle- and lower middle-income countries across the world aged 18 years or older. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to evaluate and compare the fit of different factor structures to the lifetime disorder data. Measurement invariance was evaluated with multigroup CFA (MG-CFA). A second-order model wi...

Il DSM-5, include per la prima volta il Disturbo da Gioco d'Azzardo (DGA) nel capitolo dei Disturbi Correlati a Sostanze e Disturbi da Addiction. Tale riclassificazione ha definitivamente validato un cambiamento nell'approccio clinico a questa addiction comportamentale. In questo lavoro si affronta il problema del DGA attraverso un'analisi epidemiologica, diagnostica, della comorbidità psichiatrica e dei possibili trattamenti farmacologici. Gli autori inoltre illustrano l'impianto metodologico e l'esperienza clinica dell'Equipe sul DGA della città di Milano dopo tre anni di attività. La sfida nell'affrontare questa "nuova" dipendenza sottintende l'obbligo di aggiornare le modalità cliniche con cui affrontare e curare la patologia; il sistema d'intervento si deve confrontare, inoltre, con la necessità di migliorare l'efficienza e l'accuratezza nella gestione dei processi di lavoro.

Multiple psychiatric patients are prescribed long-term drug treatment of
Psychotropic agents, and the anesthesiologist must be aware of the potential interactions
with anesthetic drugs. Psychotropic drugs often given in combination with each other or
with other non-psychiatric drugs. Hence, prior intake of these drugs is very important in
the management of the patient about to undergo anesthesia and operations. This article
highlights the effects of anesthetics on patients taking antipsychotics, antidepressants,
lithium carbonate. And tramadol the risk should be considered in the perioperative period
and the extent of surgery, the patient's physical state, anesthesia, the effects of
psychotropic drugs, risk of withdrawal effects and risk of psychiatric relapse and the risk of
psychiatric emergency cases like Serotonin syndrome and Neuroleptic Malignant 
Syndrome must be consider
Keyword:- Anesthetic Management, antidepressants, Bipolar Disorders, Schizophrenia,
Serotonin syndrome, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Copyright : © 2023 The Authors. Published by Publisher. This is an open
access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Supplementary information The online version of this article
(https://doi.org/xx.xxx/xxx.xx) contains supplementary material,which is
available to autho-rized users.
Corresponding Author: Hesham Maged abdelfatah, Neuropsychiatry
Doctor, the Egyptian Ministry of Health, Al Abbassia psychiatric Hospital,
Cairo, Egypt, Email: hesham.maged2011@ yahoo.com

Psychiatric patients are at increased risk for perioperative complications, as their biological response to stress is impaired. The increased complications are associated with physical disorders, antipsychotic or hazardous health behaviour and interactions between antipsychotics and anesthetic drugs. Thus, the anesthesiologist must not only be aware of the dose adjustment of the anesthetic agents but also learn how to manage their perioperative course.[1] For example, patients with hysteria require less anesthetic agents than those with neurotic depression or anxiety state. Similarly, organic psychosis requires less than acute functional psychosis, which in turn require less than chronic psychosis. Anesthesiologists may be confronted with many potential difficulties, such as communication with patient, Abstract:-Multiple psychiatric patients are prescribed long-term drug treatment of Psychotropic agents, and the anesthesiologist must be aware of the potential interactions with anesthetic drugs. Psychotropic drugs often given in combination with each other or with other non-psychiatric drugs. Hence, prior intake of these drugs is very important in the management of the patient about to undergo anesthesia and operations. This article highlights the effects of anesthetics on patients taking antipsychotics, antidepressants, lithium carbonate. And tramadol the risk should be considered in the perioperative period and the extent of surgery, the patient's physical state, anesthesia, the effects of psychotropic drugs, risk of withdrawal effects and risk of psychiatric relapse and the risk of psychiatric emergency cases like Serotonin syndrome and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome must be consider

Background Individuals who have substance use disorders may have an elevated risk of suicidality. This study sought to examine the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, suicidality in adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) initiating office-based buprenorphine treatment. Methods Individuals were eligible to participate if they had OUD and had initiated treatment in the past month. Participants (n = 244) completed a semi-structured interview using the Addiction Severity Index—Lite. Results At baseline, 37.70% of participants reported significant thoughts of suicide over their lifetime and 27.46% reported suicidal attempts over their lifetime. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of lifetime suicidal thoughts and attempts. A history of physical abuse (OR = 4.31, p < .001), having chronic pain-related conditions (OR = 3.28, p < .001), a history of depression (OR = 3.30, p = .001) or anxiety (OR = 7.47, p = .001), and Latino/a/x ethnicity (OR...

Background: Headache is one of the most common neurological symptom that we come across, but very few well-planned studies have been conducted to know its psychiatric aspects .The aim of the study was to investigate the socio demographic profile, clinical types and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with various types of headache. We conducted a cross-sectional study for a period of one and a half years in Shri Maharaja Hari Singh hospital of Government medical college. The study was conducted in patients attending the medical outpatient department (OPD) for headache. The diagnosis of various types of headache was established by adopting the International Headache Society criteria (2004). A total of 200 patients were screened. Psychopathology was measured using MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Schedule PLUS (MINI PLUS). Descriptive statistics was used to report the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients. Chi-square was used to assess association between categorical variables and a p-value of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 200 patients, there were 83 (41.5%) males and 117 (58.5%) females. Their ages ranged between 18 years to 78.5 years, with mean (± SD) of 35.85 (± 9.45) years. Psychiatric morbidity in headache was 47%. The psychiatric morbidity was more in females (53%) than males (38.6%) (P-value=0.044). It was also more in urban (58.3%) than rural areas (42.1%) (p-value= 0.036). Tension-type headache (48%) was the most predominate type of headache. Patients with headache had higher psychiatric morbidity. Screening patients with headache for psychiatric disorders and timely psychiatric intervention can go a long way in improving the quality of life of headache with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare entity. It is a chronic cerebrovascular pathology characterized by stenosis and progressive occlusion of the termination of the carotid arteries. It is of reserved prognosis. Its diagnosis can be evoked on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but is essentially based on arteriography. Its treatment must be early and essentially consists of revascularization surgery. We report the case of a patient admitted to the psychiatric emergency room for management of a behavioral disorder, mutism and auditory and visual hallucination, a cerebral MRI was performed urgently and the diagnosis of MMD was laid. Through this observation and a review of the literature, we discuss the characteristics of this rare condition, in particular the psychiatric comorbidity.

El presente artículo ofrece una revisión exhaustiva del enfoque transdiagnóstico en psicoterapia clínica, una perspectiva emergente que propone intervenir sobre procesos psicológicos comunes a múltiples trastornos, desafiando así el modelo tradicional categorial del DSM/ICD. Se expone su evolución histórica desde sus raíces implícitas en teorías conductuales y cognitivas tempranas hasta su consolidación en protocolos terapéuticos como el Protocolo Unificado. A través de un análisis detallado, se identifican los principales mecanismos transdiagnósticos, tales como la rumiación, la evitación experiencial, la intolerancia a la incertidumbre, el sesgo atencional hacia amenazas, entre otros. Además, se presenta evidencia empírica y experimental que respalda la existencia de respuestas fisiológicas y conductuales compartidas entre distintos diagnósticos. El artículo concluye que el enfoque transdiagnóstico no solo optimiza la eficacia y eficiencia del tratamiento psicológico, sino que también contribuye a una visión menos fragmentada y más humanista de la psicopatología, alineándose con modelos dimensionales e integradores. Se resalta su potencial para avanzar hacia una psicoterapia más unificada, preventiva y centrada en procesos.

This study established the prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidity and associated risk factors among 1,201 out-patients with severe mental illness (SMI) attending Butabika and Masaka hospitals in Uganda. Participants completed an assessment battery; structured, standardized and locally translated instruments. SMIs were established using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 7.2. We used logistic regression to determine the association between physical and psychiatric comorbidity and risk factors. Prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidity was 13.1 %. Childhood sexual abuse (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 -1.10, P=0.001), sexual abuse in adulthood (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.60 - 3.08, P<0.001), childhood physical abuse (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.10, P<0.001) and physical abuse in adulthood (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.30 - 2.20, P<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of having comorbid psychiatric and physical disorders. Emerging healthcare models in U...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease is emerging as an important public health problem given its magnitude as well as the costs involved as it can be recognised only in the later stages of the disease. Hence it is necessary to identify the disease in its early stages so that interventions can be done to halt or slow down the progress of the disease. Thus identification of the high risk groups and screening for chronic kidney disease becomes one of the initial steps towards reducing the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the sociodemographic profile of the chronic kidney disease patients 2. To study the prevalence of known risk factors among chronic kidney disease patients attending to Nephrology department. 3. To study the factors influencing the occurrence of various risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Cross sectional descriptive study of the Chronic Kidney Disease patients, admitted in the Nephrology Department of GGH, Kurnool was conducted from June to November, 2012. Thus 153 CKD patients were interviewed for their socio-demographic details like age, gender, education level and Socio-economic status, and for history of various known risk factors like Hypertension, Diabetes, use of analgesics, and family history of CKD etc with a Pre-designed semi structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done in Epi info version 7 using percentages and chi-square. RESULTS: Total study subjects were 153 in number. Hypertension was present among 82.35% of the study subjects, diabetes among 32%, and renal stones in 3.9%. Slightly less than half of the participants (46.41%) reported chronic use of non-steroidal analgesic drugs. Family history of CKD was reported in 18.9% of the participants. CONCLUSION: Hypertension was the major risk factor followed by chronic use of NSAIDs. Diabetes was found in one-third of the patients. A few had history of renal stones.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease is emerging as an important public health problem given its magnitude as well as the costs involved as it can be recognised only in the later stages of the disease. Hence it is necessary to identify the disease in its early stages so that interventions can be done to halt or slow down the progress of the disease. Thus identification of the high risk groups and screening for chronic kidney disease becomes one of the initial steps towards reducing the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the sociodemographic profile of the chronic kidney disease patients 2. To study the prevalence of known risk factors among chronic kidney disease patients attending to Nephrology department. 3. To study the factors influencing the occurrence of various risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Cross sectional descriptive study of the Chronic Kidney Disease patients, admitted in the Nephrology Department of GGH, Kurnool was conducted from June to November, 2012. Thus 153 CKD patients were interviewed for their socio-demographic details like age, gender, education level and Socio-economic status, and for history of various known risk factors like Hypertension, Diabetes, use of analgesics, and family history of CKD etc with a Pre-designed semi structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done in Epi info version 7 using percentages and chi-square. RESULTS: Total study subjects were 153 in number. Hypertension was present among 82.35% of the study subjects, diabetes among 32%, and renal stones in 3.9%. Slightly less than half of the participants (46.41%) reported chronic use of non-steroidal analgesic drugs. Family history of CKD was reported in 18.9% of the participants. CONCLUSION: Hypertension was the major risk factor followed by chronic use of NSAIDs. Diabetes was found in one-third of the patients. A few had history of renal stones.

Introduction: Stigma is defined as a set of negative attitudes and beliefs toward specific conditions, such as mental disorders. Mental disorders are among the most stigmatizing conditions throughout the world. In general, the principle of stigma involves the physical health of the patients with mental conditions. Case: In this article, we presented the case of a 28-year-old single, male patient with paranoid schizophrenia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Stigma was a significant barrier in the emergency sections of the psychiatric and general hospitals. Conclusion: According to the results, the curricula of health education must be revised in undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of treatment-resistant heroin addicts with and without DSM-IV axis I psychiatric comorbidity (dual diagnosis). Method: 129 heroin addicts who also met criteria for treatment resistance, 66 with one or more DSM-IV axis I psychiatric diagnosis (DD patients), and 63 without DSM-IV axis I psychiatric comorbidity (NDD patients) were monitored prospectively (6 years on average, min. 1, max. 9) along a methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP). Results: The rates for survival-in-treatment were about 50% for NDD patients and about 70% for DD patients. After 4 years of treatment onwards, such rates tended to become stable. DD patients showed better outcome measures than NDD patients. A significantly higher methadone dose was needed to have DD patients stabilized. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, treatment-resistant patients with psychiatric comorbidity showed a better long-term outcome than treatment-resistant ...

Several studies reported that in non-psychiatric hospital departments mentally ill patients have a longer length of hospital stay than mentally well. But their methods are often limited because other predictors of length of stay were excluded from statistical analyses. Using the Clinical Interview Schedule, research psychiatrists interviewed 993 patients of medical, surgical, gynecological, and rehabilitation departments in Austria. Using several multiple regression analyses, the influence of psychiatric comorbidity and other variables on length of stay was analyzed. 32.2% of all patients suffered from psychiatric morbidity. Of all psychiatric cases, 6.2% received more than one psychiatric diagnosis. Presence of psychiatric disorders, age, a diagnosis of neoplasms, number of all somatic diagnoses, and the number of previous non-psychiatric hospital admissions predicted length of stay. Patients with dementia, with substance abuse disorders, and with alcohol-and drug-related psychiatric disorders showed a significantly increased length of stay, while other psychiatric diagnoses did not differ from the mentally well. Even after controlling for confounding variables, dementia and substance related diagnoses increase the length of hospital stay. It is important to investigate interventions for early recognition and treatment of these disorders.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam monotherapy in a pediatric population. A retrospective review was performed of the charts of 351 consecutive children who were 6 months to 18 years of age and were treated with levetiracetam. Levetiracetam monotherapy was initiated and dosed to efficacy or unacceptable side effects, with a range of 10-112mg/kg/day. Electroencephalographic examination was performed at pre-treatment and 12th months in the post-treatment period. Following the commencement of levetiracetam treatment, the retention rate at 3, 6 and 12 months was 100%, 75% and 57%, respectively. The monotherapy retention rate at 3 and 12 months following the commencement of levetiracetam treatment was (231/351, 66%), and (126/200, 63%) respectively. A total of 165 (47%) patients had idiopathic epilepsy and 186 patients (53%) had symptomatic-cryptogenic epilepsy. The >90% seizure reduction rate was 65%, and the 50-90% seizure reduction rate...

Background The association between vitamin D3 levels and quality of life (QoL) in people with epilepsy on long-term antiseizure medications is an area of ongoing research. This study aims to assess serum vitamin D3 levels in people with epilepsy and evaluate the effects of supplementation on their QoL. Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from June 2021 to July 2022. People with epilepsy aged 12 to 45 years, receiving antiseizure medications for at least 1 year, were recruited. Baseline serum vitamin D3 levels were measured, and epilepsy diagnoses were confirmed according to the International League Against Epilepsy guidelines (2017). QoL was evaluated using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Scale (QOLIE-31) for adults and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy for Adolescents Scale (QOLIE-48) for adolescents. Patients with vitamin D3 deficiencies received supplementation, and their QoL were reassessed at 3 and 6 months. Data were analyzed using t-tests, multiple logistic regression, and analysis of variance. Results At baseline, the mean serum vitamin D3 level was 17.99 AE 6.77 ng/mL, increasing to 21.46 AE 2.91 ng/mL at 3 months and 24.41 AE 3.19 ng/mL at 6 months. Patients with vitamin D3 deficiency exhibited significantly lower scores across multiple domains of the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLIE-31 and QOLIE-48). A significant improvement was seen in most of the QOLIE scores and serum vitamin D3 levels after vitamin D3 supplementation. Conclusion People with epilepsy on long-term antiseizure medications have vitamin D3 deficiency, which negatively impacts their QoL. Regular screening and supplementation are recommended for better management of epilepsy.

This report empirically examines multiple explanations for the high rates of psychiatric comorbidity seen with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One hundred sixty-two St. Louis area survivors of the 1993 Great Midwest Floods were interviewed a few months after the flood subsided using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and its Disaster Supplement to assess psychiatric history relative to PTSD and five other psychiatric disorders. Thirty-five subjects (23%) met criteria for PTSD related to the flood. PTSD was frequently comorbid with other disorders. Seventeen subjects (10%) developed a new, non-PTSD psychiatric disorder after the flood. New non-PTSD disorders were rare in the absence of PTSD symptoms. Though prior psychiatric history was predictive of developing PTSD, no support was found that prior psychiatric history contributed to PTSD through social vulnerability. Thus, support was found for a model in which PTSD contributes to the development of other disorders following trauma, whereas no evidence was found to suggest that comorbid disorders develop independently of PTSD following trauma, or that comorbidity was due to symptom overlap among disorders. The lack of support for models in which psychosocial resources mediate the effect of psychiatric history on the development of PTSD indirectly confirms models of physiological vulnerability to PTSD development.

Delusional misidentification syndromes may be superimposed on neurological or psychiatric disorders and include delusional beliefs that the people, objects, or places around the patient change or are made to change with one another. In this paper, an adolescent patient displaying Capgras syndrome, metamorphosis, reverse-intermetamorphosis, misidentification of reflection, and reduplicative paramnesia was presented. The findings that our patient struggled with visuospatial tests applied in the acute phase as well as the observation that she refused to meet her family face-to-face while accepting to speak on the phone may support the role of right hemisphere and visuospatial functions in the development of those syndromes. Further studies or case series evaluated more extensively are needed to reveal the relationship between right hemisphere functions and delusional misidentification syndromes.

Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health:
A Synergistic Future is a pioneering exploration of how AI technologies can transform the mental health landscape. Written by Alishba Eman, a verified young researcher and medical student, this book blends clinical insight, psychological understanding, and cutting-edge tech innovation to envision a future where machines don’t replace humans—but enhance healing.

Through a thoughtful combination of case studies, research-backed analysis, and conceptual models, the book examines:

The integration of AI in early mental health screening and diagnosis

Ethical considerations and data privacy in AI-based therapy

Chatbots and virtual reality in managing anxiety, depression, and trauma.The future of AI in destigmatizing mental illness globally.

This work stands as one of the first books authored by a 21-year-old Pakistani female medical student to deeply analyze the intersections of AI and mental health in a narrative format. It's written not only for clinicians and researchers, but also for students, innovators, and policy-makers aiming to bring equity, empathy, and technology together.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence of accompanying symptoms of migraine and tension-type headache in patients with such conditions (both episodic and chronic) and in headache-free controls, and their relationship with depression and anxiety. Method: A psychological assessment (Axis I, DSM-IV) was performed, and 21 accompanying symptoms were investigated in 506 patients with episodic migraine (231), chronic migraine (102), episodic tension-type headache (83), and chronic tension-type headache (90) and in 80 controls. The relationship between symptoms, headache type, and psychiatric comorbidity was analyzed. Results: The mean number of symptoms was significantly higher in patients (n=10.3) than in controls (n=3.4). Most symptoms were significantly associated with depression and anxiety, while only some of them were significantly associated with headache, with no relevant difference among groups. Conclusion: In headache patients, psychiatric comorbidity (compared with headache type or chronicity) seems to be more strictly associated with an increased burden of accompanying symptoms.

Psychiatric comorbidity can negatively impact the course of addictions. Psychiatric features of patients who continued treatment after the first stage of an addiction program have not been sufficiently analysed. Therefore, only these patients were included in order to compare psychiatric comorbidity and clinical factors between patients who were able or not to complete a long term substance-free program. Treatment-completion status of 245 patients was systematically recorded. Addiction severity, psychiatry comorbidity, and psychological symptoms were evaluated. No significant differences were found regarding comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and the completion of the treatment. Longer treatment duration (OR: 1.22; p < 0.01), higher educational level (OR: 2.37; p = 0.02), and cocaine dependence as main substance (OR: 3.68; p < 0.01) were found to be related to increased likelihood in completing the treatment. Patients with higher severity of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.06; p = 0.02) and more depressive symptoms (OR: 0.95; p = 0.01) completed the treatment less frequently. Moreover, differences regarding employment problems, treatment facilities, anxiety symptoms, dysfunctional impulsivity, and mental HRQoL were found. It is concluded that comorbid psychiatric diagnoses do not determine treatment outcomes. However, therapeutic and psychological factors have a major influence on the likelihood to complete a long-term treatment program.

There is a relationship between smoking and some psychiatric disorders, and there is doubt whether antismoking treatment will be more complex because of psychiatric disorder. To analyze the differences in treatment success rates among patients without psychiatric disorder and patients with psychiatric disorder who have received complete pharmacological treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the records of patients completely treated at Albacete University Hospital Complex during 2011. The sample comprised 293 patients seen in 2011. We treated only 73 patients and divided them into patients with or without psychiatric disorders. We analyzed the following variables: sex, age, age at smoking onset, previous quitting attempts, cigarettes per day, CO-oximetry, Fagerström test, Richmond test, alcoholism, treatment distribution, treatment failure, success, and relapse. Of a total sample of 293 patients seen in 2011, 73 patients were treated: 43 were men and 30 were wom...

Background: Positive self-esteem is considered to be an important attribute of a mentally healthy person, as it is believed to impact healthy social behavior. Similarly, poor self-esteem may be associated with individual and social problems. Objective: The study aims to assess the prevalence and correlates of self-esteem and perceived social support among undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 175 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 30 years in Thiruvalla from January to July 2023. The sample size was calculated as 175. The results have been presented as frequencies and percentages. Chisquare test and case-control analysis were used to analyze the association between demographic variables and the self-esteem of study participants. Results: The prevalence of low self-esteem among the study participants was found to be 21%. Conclusion: The present study reveals that the self-esteem of a person is affected by the social support felt by a person.

Objective. Comorbidities between psychiatric diseases and consumption of traditional substances of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and cocaine) are common. Nevertheless, there is no data regarding the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the psychiatric population. The purpose of this multicentre survey is to investigate the consumption of a wide variety of psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric sample and in a paired sample of healthy subjects.Methods. A questionnaire has been administered, in different Italian cities, to 206 psychiatric patients aged 18 to 26 years and to a sample of 2615 healthy subjects matched for sex, gender, and living status.Results. Alcohol consumption was more frequent in the healthy young population compared to age-matched subjects suffering from mental illness (79.5% versus 70.7%;P&lt;0.003). Conversely, cocaine and NPS use was significantly more common in the psychiatric population (cocaine 8.7% versus 4.6%;P=0.002) (NPS 9.8% versus ...

Discrepancies between the results of our analyses pertaining to abortion and mental health and the analyses of another researcher were recently brought to the attention of the JPR Editor, Dr. Alan Schatzberg, After consultation with the Principal Investigator of the National Comorbidity Survey, Dr. Ronald Kessler, the source of the different results was determined to be related to the sample weights employed. In our original analyses, we mistakenly applied the Part 1 weight based on the large number of Part 1 variables used. The correct weight was actually the Part 2 weight due to the fact that a few of the variables incorporated into our analyses were from the Part 2 data collection effort. We sincerely apologize to Dr. Schatzberg, the journal staff, and to the readers for this error. We would also like to express our appreciation to the researcher who brought this to the Editor's attention, Dr. Schatzberg, and Dr. Kessler for their kind assistance. Fortunately the overall pattern of the results has not changed very much; however, the many small changes are detailed in the text below.

Psychiatric comorbidity, the presence of two or more mental health disorders, has been associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted interviews with PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon between June 2019 and March 2020. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and harmful drinking were dichotomized to represent those with and without symptoms of each. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined as having symptoms of two or more disorders assessed. Moderate or severe household hunger, high anticipatory HIV-related stigma, low social support, and high number of potentially traumatic events were hypothesized as correlates of psychiatric comorbidity. Bivariable log binomial regression models were used to estimate unadjusted associations between psychosocial stressors and psychiatric comorbidity. Among 424 participants interviewed, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 16%. Among those with symptoms of at least one mental health or substance use disorder (n = 161), the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 42%. The prevalence of psychiatric

The purpose of the study was to examine psychopathological traits and psychiatric co-morbidities in seekers of cosmetic rhinoplasty. Subjects and Method: Fifty persons seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty and 50 control subjects were admitted to the study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Symptom Checklist -90 [Revised] (SCL-90-R) were administered to people who requested cosmetic rhinoplasty and control subjects. All participants were also screened by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-(SCID-I/CV, SCID-II). Results: Thirteen cosmetic rhinoplasty seekers [CRS] (26%) and three control subjects (6%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.006). Beck depression inventory (p = 0.002) and BAI (p = 0.046) levels above the cut-off point were significantly higher in the CRS group than in the normal control. Somatoform disorders were statistically higher in the CRS than control group (p = 0.007). Nine CRS (18%) and two control subjects (4%) had at least one personality disorder. There were differences between the two groups (p = 0.025). The average of SCL-90-R was significantly higher in the CRS than in the control subjects (p < 0.001). The most prevalent somatoform disorders of the CRS were six with body dysmorphic disorder [BDD] (12%). The most prevalent personality disorders of the CRS were three with avoidant (6%) and three with narcissistic (6%) personality. Research into these factors may be important as it is essential to detect crucial problems such as personality disorders and BDD before surgery.

Aim: To determine the psychiatric symptom assesment of patients seeking treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to demonstrate the presence of more complicated psychiatric disorders. Subjects and Method: The participants were recruited from patients who were attending internal medicine and gastroenterology clinics and who fullfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS. Fifty patients with IBS (IBS group) and 50 patients with complaints other than gastrointestinal symptoms (control group) were randomly selected. All participants were screened by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Symptom Check list -90 (Revised) . Results: Seventeen patients (34%) and three control subjects (6%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis (p = 0.001). Global severity index (GSI) total scores and SCL-90-R items were significantly higher in the IBS group than the control group (0.92 ± 0.46 vs 0.358 ± 0.19, p < 0.001). Beck anxiety inventory and BDI scores were higher in the IBS group than the control group (p < 0.001). Axis-I psychiatric disorders diagnosed with SCID-I were significantly higher in the IBS group (34% vs 6%) [p = 0.001]. Among the Axis-I disorders, somatoform and anxiety disorders were higher in the patient group than in the control subjects (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0057) whereas there was no difference for mood disorders (p = 0.204). Seven (14%) of the patients and two (4%) of the control subjects had at least one Axis-II psychiatric disorder diagnosed with SCID-II without any significance (p = 0.159). Conclusion: These findings suggest that except for mood and personality disorders, almost all psychiatric symptoms and disease co-morbities with IBS are higher than in the sample without IBS. We can easily use SCL-90-R, BAI and BDI in internal medicine and gastroenterology clinics to detect psychiatric symptom levels and then to refer patients to a psychiatrist for further evaluation and treatment.

A mu&enter study was carried out in 10 Italian Headache Centers to investigate the prevalence of psychosociaI stress and psychiatric disorders listed by the II-IS classification as the "most likely causative factors" of tension-type headache (TIH). Two hundred and seventeen TIH adult outpatients consecutively recruited underwent a structured psychiatric interview (CID&c). The assessment of psychosocial stress events was carried out using an ad hoc questionnaire. The psychiatric disorders that we included in the three psychiatric items of the fourth digit of the IHS classification were depressive disorders for the item depression, anxiety disorders for the item anxiety, and somatoform disorders for the item headache as a delusion or an idea. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-III-R criteria. At least one psychosocial stress event or a psychiatric disorder was detected in 84.8% of the patients. Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 52.5% for anxiety, 36.4% for depression, and 21.7% for headache as a delusion or an idea. Psychosocial stress was found in 29.5% of the patients and did not differ between patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity. GeneraIized anxiety disorder (33.3%) and dysthymia (45.6%) were the most frequent disorders within their respective psychiatric group. The high prevaIence of psychiatric disorders observed in this wide sample of patients emphasizes the need for a systematic investigation of psychiatric comorbidity aimed at a more comprehensive and appropriate clinical management of TI'H patients. 0 DSM-III-R, IHS classification, psychiatric comorbidity, tension-type headache

The aim of the present study was to examine if patients' expectancy after bariatric surgery was related to improvement of body appearance, health, physical fitness, or ability to work. Further, the relationship between psychiatric comorbid disorders and outcome expectancies after surgery was investigated. The study population consisted of 94 patients (F/M:74/20) age 22 to 62 years (mean 41.1, SD=10.2), with BMI from 33.4 to 64.7 kg/m 2 (mean 44.9 kg/m 2 , SD=5.5). Psychiatric assessment was done prior to bariatric surgery, and included structured psychiatric interviews (M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis II disorders). The patients were asked to identify their most important expectancies after surgery.

Little is known about the effects of age on the clinical presentation of alcoholism in various treatment settings, despite the clinical importance of this factor. This study evaluates the effect of age on the clinical profile of 604 alcoholics who presented for initial evaluation and treatment at a psychiatric hospital. Young alcoholics displayed the most prominent substance use, antisocial behavior, depressive symptoms (including suicidality), and impulsivity. Early middle-aged alcoholics displayed the highest levels of drinking. Elderly alcoholics displayed the highest levels of cognitive dysfunction, although some level of cognitive dysfunction was present among even the youngest alcoholics. These findings confirm and clarify the effects of age on the clinical profile of alcoholics presenting for initial evaluation at a psychiatric hospital.

artery IMT .They were compaired due to vascular risk factors, clinical, demographic and radiological variables. Statistical evaluation was perform by SPS Results: From 85 PSL patients dementia was diagnosed in13(15,2%). cases ,depression in 24(28,2%).This group often had damage of the left hemisphere, prevalence of ischemic with basal ganglia lesions. No one from the 65 MSL patients had dementia, but 29(44,6%) had mild cognitive impairment and 36(55.3%) had depression. Atherogenic index and Crotid Intima-Media Sickness was significantly higher in patients with multiple lacunar infarction lesion and associated with hypertension, age and female gender Conclusions: Carotid IMT predicts an increased risk for cognitive impairment, particularly poor memory and cognitive speed, in elderly women, and leads to multiple lacunar silent infarct lesions P5.5.480.

Migraine with juvenile onset changes over time. The existence of prognostic factors is a point of focus. A strict relationship between migraine or tension-type headache (TIH) and psychiatric factors has been suggested, but the exact role and the influence on evolution of headache is unknown. Objedive. To analyze the evolution of migraine and TTH and psychiatric comorbidity (P-Co) from 1988 to 1996. Mater&z2 and method. 100 subjects (4OM, 60F; mean age 17.9 years; SD 2.7 years; range 12-26 years) were examined at our Center. The International Headache Society (IHS) criteria were employed. Psychometric tests and clinical interviews aided psychiatric diagnosis (DSM-III-R). SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R) was employed in 1996. Chi square and logistic regression are used for statistical analysis. Findings. Migraine and TTH change their clinical characteristics, with a high tendency to remission (mostly in males). The presence of P-Co in 1988 is related to a worsening or unchanging situation in 1996. Headache-free subjects did not present any psychiatric disorders in 1996. Anxiety disorders in 1988 are related to enduring of headache. Migraine shows comorbidity with anxiety disorders and depression. Conclusion. P-Co is a notable problem in clinical practice. Diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment implications require a systematic assessment of P-Co. q Adolescence, childhood, follow-up, migraine, psychiatric comorbidity, tension-type headache (7THJ

Background: Mastalgia defines pain that is located in or felt in the breast area. Pain can be a symptom in many psychiatric disorders. Therefore, considering the psychiatric disorders in the evaluation of patients with mastalgia is of great importance in terms of treatment success and pain control Aims and Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify the psychiatric diagnoses that may be involved in the etiology of mastalgia and to retrospectively determine the frequency of patients who may need psychiatric treatment among the treatment options that can be used in patients with mastalgia Materials and Methods: We included patients who presented with breast pain between August 2017 and August 2018 and had normal results of radiological imaging studies. The archive system of the hospital was screened for the presence of any psychiatric admission before the diagnosis and previous psychiatric diagnoses, if any, were recorded Results: There were 1124 patients with mastalgia included in...

Purpose: To analyze patients with clearly and de ned focal epilepsy from temporal (ELT) and extra-temporal lobe origin (ETE), and a control group, and to compare the prevalence of psychiatric comorbid disorders and the levels of impulsivity between them. Methods: Consecutive patients who met criteria of drug-resistant focal epilepsy of temporal and/or extra-temporal origin, clearly de ned and con rmed by VEEG (Video-EEG), were included. Psychiatric assessment was conducted using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and II diagnose of DSM-IV (SCID I-II), the Barrat-11 scale for measure impulsivity, and Beck inventory for depression. Results: 73 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 21 with extra-temporal focal epilepsy (ETE) and 58 healthy control subjects were included. A total of 45 patients (61.6%) in TLE group and 13 patients (61.9%) in ETE group met criteria for at least one present or past psychiatry disorder coded on Axis I of DSM-IV. Both ELT and ETE groups presented higher Barrat-11 scores compared to the control group (p<0.01). ETE showed a tendency to a higher impulsivity level, particularly in the motor factor compared to ELT (p=0.05). A left laterality of the epileptogenic zone, and the presence of psychiatric disorders (depression) were associated with higher impulsivity among patients with ELT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Impulsivity and psychiatric comorbidity are important issues to consider in clinical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsies. The evaluation by an adequately mental health team should be considered routine among these patients.

Objective: To examine the somatic complaints, functional impairment, and psychiatric comorbidity in elderly patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUSs). Method: A consecutive case series of 37 patients referred for MUS to a multidisciplinary, outpatient clinic at a secondary care mental health center in the Netherlands. All patients underwent a standardized examination by a geriatrician, psychiatrist, and psychologist. Results: For three patients, a somatic explanation was found, and in two, their symptoms spontaneously resolved before a diagnosis could be made. Of the remaining 32 patients with MUS, depressive disorders were present in 18 (56%), anxiety disorders in 10 (31%), and substance use disorders in 6 patients (19%). Compared with nondepressed patients with MUS, depressed patients had more severe somatic symptoms, more psychological symptoms, and more functional impairment. Conclusions: As the authors found a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in elderly patients with MUSs, a systematic psychiatric examination should be part of their multidisciplinary assessment.

To examine the somatic complaints, functional impairment, and psychiatric comorbidity in elderly patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUSs). A consecutive case series of 37 patients referred for MUS to a multidisciplinary, outpatient clinic at a secondary care mental health center in the Netherlands. All patients underwent a standardized examination by a geriatrician, psychiatrist, and psychologist. For three patients, a somatic explanation was found, and in two, their symptoms spontaneously resolved before a diagnosis could be made. Of the remaining 32 patients with MUS, depressive disorders were present in 18 (56%), anxiety disorders in 10 (31%), and substance use disorders in 6 patients (19%). Compared with nondepressed patients with MUS, depressed patients had more severe somatic symptoms, more psychological symptoms, and more functional impairment. As the authors found a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in elderly patients with MUSs, a systematic psych...

Background: Nationally representative data from Mexico are presented on the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of the onset of suicide ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempt, as well as associated DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and service utilization. Methods: Data are from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (M-NCS). This population survey was carried out in 2001-2003 in a sample of 5,782 respondents of 18 years and older. Onset of ideation, a plan, and suicide attempt, as well as psychiatric and service use correlates were estimated using survival analysis. Results: Of the respondents, 8.3% reported lifetime ideation, 3.2% reported a lifetime plan and 2.8% reported lifetime suicide attempt(s). The prevalence for 12-month suicidal behaviors was 2.3%, 1.0% and 0.6%, respectively. Suicidal behaviors were more prevalent in early adolescence and early adulthood and became less common after the mid-thirties, with the exception of suicidal ideation that continues into older ages. Having met criteria for one or more of the DSM-IV disorders assessed in the survey was common among suicide ideators (60.9%), planners (75.6%) and attempters (74.6%), and was a strong risk factor for suicidal behaviors, with odds ratios of 4.8 for ideation, 10.2 for plan and 9.6 for attempt. Approximately one of every four lifetime attempters reported to have ever seen a psychiatrist. Conclusions: As in many other countries, mental disorders have an important impact on suicidal behaviors in Mexico. Intervention efforts aimed at identifying and treating persons at or before the onset of suicidal ideation is strongly recommended.

Background: Many children world over end up having tussles with the legal systems and coming under their purview results in them facing challenges which negatively impact their psyche.

Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study carried out over a period of 10 months, from 1st January 2024 to 31st October 2024.

Results: A total of 11 children were included in the study out of which 10 were males of age range 13-17 years with an average age of 16.09 years. 36.4% children had studied till middle grade. 36.3% were employed as skilled worker. 54.45% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. 5 out of them belonged to single parent family with 72.7% had either parent suffering from alcoholism and 90.9 % reported witnessing domestic violence at home. 54.54% were migrants. 45.45% were diagnosed with adjustment disorder after getting in contact with the legal system with the symptoms lasting for less than 6 months. 3 of the children had illness preceding the contact with the legal system. 72.7% had comorbid substance use with tobacco use being the most common. Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were reported in 54.54%. All were involved in criminal cases with 2 of them having been incarcerated for a period of 2 years. 36.36% were under trial for 302 IPC while 3 were being tried under the POCSO Act. Worries pertaining to duration of case (72.7%) and implications of case (100%) were reported.

Conclusion: Adolescent boys with low educational achievement, belonging to lower socioeconomic status, migrant and disrupted families were identified as risk factors for children getting in conflict with law.

Uma série de resultados tem demonstrado que ratos manipulados no período neonatal apresentam alterações comportamentais que parecem envolver a ativação das vias serotonérgicas (Meaney, 1994). A hipótese do presente trabalho é que a manipulação neonatal alteraria a sensibilidade do sistema serotonérgico e, portanto, alteraria as respostas comportamentais à serotonina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da injeção do agonista serontonérgico dos receptores 5-HT1A sobre comportamentos de ratos machos adultos manipulados no período neonatal. Foram estudados os comportamentos de locomoção (média±EPM) no campo aberto e os da síndrome da serotonina. Do 1º ao 10º dia pós-parto, os animais foram manipulados por 1 min por dia. Aos 80 dias de vida, os ratos intactos (sem manipulação no período neonatal, N=32) e os manipulados (N=35) foram injetados (IP) com salina ou uma das doses de 8-OH-DPAT (0,1; 0,2 ou 0,3 mg/kg). Quinze minutos após as injeções, os animais foram filmados para verificar os comportamentos da síndrome da serotonina (arrastar o abdômen e postura estendida). No teste do campo-aberto, os animais foram injetados e 15 min depois foram filmados durante 5 min. A dose 0,3 mg/kg aumentou a frequência de arrastar o abdômem nos animais manipulados (0,31±0,11; N=8) comparados aos injetados com salina (0,002±0,001; N=9). Nos ratos intactos, a mesma dose não alterou este comportamento (0,00±0,0; N=8 versus 0,01+0,01; N=8). Nos ratos intactos testados no campo aberto, todas as doses de 8-OH-DPAT aumentaram a frequência de locomoção em relação ao controle (salina). No grupo dos animais manipulados, a dose de 0,1 mg/kg diminuiu a frequência de locomoção (48,013,6) em relação aos manipulados injetados com salina (111,3±21,2). As outras doses não provocaram alterações significativas em relação ao controle. (salina). Em relação à síndrome da serotonina, concluímos que os animais manipulados no período neonatal parecem ser mais sensíveis do que os intactos ao agonista 5-HT1A. No teste do campo aberto, a menor dose do 8-OH-DPAT nos animais manipulados aumentou a inibição comportamental, enquanto que nos intactos essa mesma dose diminuiu. (CNPq, PROPESQ, FAPERGS).