Physiotherapy

I 1 Cumulative musculoskeletal disorders related to computer products use in Arabic children and adolescents Afaf A.M. Shaheen, Samia A. Abdel Rahman 6 Effect of trunk control retraining in hemiparetic patients with postural disturbances Kumar A. 10 Efficacy of ischaemic compression technique in combination with strain counterstrain technique in managing upper trapezius myofascial trigger point pain Amir Iqbal, Sohrab. A. Khan, Mohd. Miraj 16 Perception of effort and exhaustion in trained athletes -a validation of the psychobiological model of exercise tolerance Amrith Pakkala, N.Veeranna 18 Effect of mechanical traction on neck pain and disability in patients with cervical radiculopathy Sanduja A. 22 Treatment of calcifying tendinitis of Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus by Acetic acid Iontophoresis -A case study Deepak B. Anap, S.G. Gandge, Nitin J. Wagh 25 Effect of knee support brace and lateral wedge in sole on isokinetic peak torque in osteoarthritis of the knee-a randomized clinical trial Girija P., Eapen C., Zulfeequer, Kamath S. 29 Self motivation: Does it influence performance of motor function in post stroke individuals? Talhatu K. Hamza-t, Omobolanle A. Adebisi-Akinbile 32 Comparison of muscle energy technique and positional release therapy in acute low back pain -RCT Naik Prashant P., Heggannavar Anand, Khatri Subhash M. 37 Anterior cruciate ligament injury rehabilitation -An overview of reviews Binu S. Das, Narasimman S. 40 Effect of sitting balance training under varied sensory input on balance and quality of life in stroke patients Ibrahimi N., Tufel S., Singh H., Maurya M. 46 Effect of single session of prolonged muscle stretch on spastic plantarflexors of children with quadriplegic and diplegic spastic cerebral palsy Preet Kamal Kaur 51 Influence of high-heels on few mechanical factors of lower extremity and lumbar lordosis among college going females Manishtha Bhan, Rahul Singh Parihar, P. Dhakshinamoorthy 55 Autism-Help for parents Ryan J. Smith 61 Comparison of Real-time Ultrasound Imaging and Pressure Biofeedback training for performing Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver in low back pain Bajaj S., K. Chitra, S. Shallu 66 Effect of dominant hand training on intermanual transfer to sub dominant hand in patients with cerebral tumors D. Satheesh, Ajay Sharma 71 Effect of ankle position on isometric quadriceps strengthening in osteoarthritis of knee joint Katyal Shveta, Nishat Quddas, Zubia Vequar 76 Craniocervical flexors endurance training: Treatment approach for cervical spondylosis Shweta Gupta, Shallu Sharma, Chitra Kataria 82 Attitude of physiotherapy students towards communication skills and effects of an interactive lecture -A randomized controlled trial Vaishali, Sailakshmi Ganeshan, C.V. Raghuveer 85 A cross sectional study of skeletal deformities in post menopausal women in urban and rural areas Veena Bembalgi 89 Comparative Analysis of Knee-laxity measurements by a left-hand-and a right-hand-dominant physiotherapist in patients with Anterior Cruciates ligament injuries and healthy control group Vikas Trivedi, Vaibhav Agarwal

Rozstęp mięśni prostych brzucha (RMPB -diastasis musculorum rectorum) jest to rozejście się obu mięśni prostych na boki w obrębie kresy białej . Kresę białą stanowi mocne pasmo włókniste o długości około 33 cm i szerokości co najmniej 10 mm, biegnące pośrodkowo od wyrostka mieczykowatego do spojenia łonowego [4]. W okresie ciąży, najczęściej w ostatnim trymestrze, może ono ulec zwiotczeniu i poszerzeniu pod wpływem zwiększonego wydzielania hormonów -relaksyny i elastyny -które zmiękczają tkankę łączną. Po porodzie nie zawsze dochodzi do samoistnego powrotu mięśni prostych do prawidłowego położenia .

The purpose of this study was to assess the gait
asymmetries in terms of temporal and force gait parameters
using Computer Dynography (CDG) system in a hemiparetic
person. A 72 year male patient diagnosed as right sided
cerebrovascular accident was referred to physiotherapy
department with complaints of weakness in left upper & lower
limbs and difficulty in walking in terms of impaired foot clearance
since one and half year. His computerised gait dynography was
done with Computer DynoGraphy (CDG)® system (Infotronic,
Netherlands, http://www.infotronic.nl).
It was found that there was asymmetry in his cyclogram,
gait line, histogram, force gait line, force graphic, step times
which included gait cycle, frequency, symmetry ratio, single
support time, double support time, single swing, stance time
and step time. Hence, it was concluded that CDG may be
considered as one of the useful clinical tool for the assessment
of gait asymmetries in hemiparetic patient so as to plan
therapeutic interventions.

A mediados del siglo xix se publicaba en el periódico médico en lengua castellana más influyente de la época, el Boletín de Medicina, Cirujia [sic] y Farmacia, un artículo del médico Mariano Delgrás en el que daba cuenta de un «nuevo método de curar las enfermedades por medio de las frotaciones y sobamientos». Se hacía así eco de una noticia publicada en la Gazette Medícale de Varis en la que se anunciaba la aparición de un tratado sobre massotherapia. Comentaba Delgrás:

The effectiveness of three deep breathing techniques was evaluated in 98 male patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a randomized trial. The techniques examined were deep breathing with a blow bottle-device, an inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure mask (IR-PEP) and performed with no mechanical device. Pulmonary function and roentgenological changes were evaluated. Four days post-operatively there were signicantly decreased vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in all three groups (p < 0.0001). No major differences between the treatment groups were found, but the impairment in pulmonary function tended to be less marked using the blow bottle technique. The Blow bottle group had signi cantly less reduction in total lung capacity (p = 0.01) compared to the Deep breathing group, while the IR-PEP group did not signi cantly differ from the other two groups.

Nous venons de voir les deux traitements de base qui constituent la rééducation sensitive : la rééducation de l’hyposensiblité et la contre-stimulation vibrotactile du territoire allodynique. La rééducation sensitive, telle qu’elle vient de vous être présentée, trouve ses fondements dans la neuroplasticité du système somesthésique. C’est grâce à cette exceptionnelle capacité du système nerveux central et périphérique à se réorganiser sous l’effet de stimulations, que nous espérons une récupération de la sensibilité cutanée et surtout de voir diminuer la symptomatologie neurogène.
Les symptômes d’origine neuropathique, tels que des sensations de fourmillement, d’irradiation, d’engourdissement, de brûlure, de douleur irradiantes signent presque toujours des lésions axonales (sur 379 patients évalués, 375 présentaient un bilan diagnostique de lésions axonales positif). Ces lésions se manifestent par des troubles de la sensibilité cutanée avec soit une hypoesthésie, soit une allodynie mécanique.
Ainsi avec ces deux techniques vous pouvez prendre en charge non seulement des patients se plaignant simplement de sensations bizarres (stade I de lésions axonales) ou de douleurs au touché (stade II de lésions axonales) mais aussi la plus grande majorité des patients présentant un syndrome douloureux chronique neuropathique tels que la névralgie permanente ou intermittente (stades III et IV de lésions axonales) ou le syndrome douloureux complexe (autrement dit CRPS II, algoneurodystrophie, maladie de Sudeck).
Les données épidémiologiques globales sur les douleurs neuropathiques n’existent pas mais une prévalence est estimée de 0,6% en population générale [32], ce qui représente environ 340.000 patients en France, ce qui laisse présager du potentiel considérable de cette méthode.

Background: With the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, it has fabricated a health crisis globally. At this time mass media plays an important role by covering the news on COVID-19 and diverse steps taken by the Indian government to combat with this crisis, which creates a remarkable effect on the daily life of citizens that is accountable for giving rise to threat and disruption in prolongation of life among Indian population.
The present study aims to evaluate the mass media impact on Quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Indian population.
Methods: To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared on Google forms and distributed among the Indian population. The survey was conducted from 15th June to 30th June 2020. A total of 320 sample responses were received and data were analyzed by using SPSS software. A correlation has been used to find out the association between mass media and domains of Quality of Life (Psychological, Physical, Environmental, and Social) during COVID-19.
Result: We found a significant positive statistical correlation at 0.01 level between hours spent for COVID – 19 news on the view of mass media with anxiety and nervousness 0.54, with worry 0.41 and with Quality of life 0.48.
Conclusion: This study found a positive association between mass media and the Psychological domain of Quality of life and on overall Quality of life among the Indian population during COVID-19. However, it needs to study further to identify the impact of mass media on a particular age group so that adequate health intervention can be planned.

A lack of good outcome measures has been a barrier to the development of an evidence base for all areas of respiratory physiotherapy. Many of the clinically available outcome measures are not specifically related to the physiotherapy intervention employed and may be affected by other factors. In this paper, the outcome measures currently clinically available to UK NHS physiotherapists to assess the response to alveolar recruitment and airway clearance interventions have been reviewed. It is clear that there is an urgent need to increase the accuracy, reliability, and sensitivity of the outcome measures employed, or to develop new measures to assess the effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy. Lung sounds provide useful, specific information, but standard auscultation is too subjective to allow them to be used as an outcome measure. Computer Aided Lung Sound Analysis (CALSA) is proposed as a new objective, non-invasive, bedside clinical measure with the potential to monitor and assess the effects of airway clearance therapy.

Keywords: Lung sounds, outcome measures, physiotherapy

Objective To evaluate, through two studies, the factor structure, inter-rater agreement, and test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS). Design Repeated measures design in both Study 1 (video evaluation) and Study 2 (clinical evaluation). Setting University department (Study 1) and outpatient physiotherapy department (Study 2). Participants Sixty physiotherapists and physiotherapy students in Study 1 and 45 patients undergoing physiotherapy treatment for a musculoskeletal injury in Study 2. Intervention In Study 1, participants rated the adherence of a simulated videotaped patient demonstrating high, moderate and low adherence during rehabilitation. In Study 2, two physiotherapists rated the adherence of patients at two consecutive rehabilitation sessions. Main outcome measure The SIRAS. Results In Study 1, principal components analysis confirmed a single factor for the SIRAS, and inter-rater agreement values ranged from 0.87 to 0.93. In Study 2, inter-rater and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 0.83] to 0.89 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.95), and from 0.63 (95% CI 0.36-0.82) to 0.76 (95% CI 0.55-0.88), respectively. Conclusion The SIRAS is a reliable measure with high inter-rater agreement when used to evaluate clinic-based adherence to physiotherapy rehabilitation for musculoskeletal injury.

Audit and feedback is widely used as a strategy to improve professional practice either on its own or as a component of multifaceted quality improvement interventions. This is based on the belief that healthcare professionals are prompted to modify their practice when given performance feedback showing that their clinical practice is inconsistent with a desirable target. Despite its prevalence as a quality improvement strategy, there remains uncertainty regarding both the effectiveness of audit and feedback in improving healthcare practice and the characteristics of audit and feedback that lead to greater impact.

Audit and feedback continues to be widely used as a strategy to improve professional practice. It appears logical that healthcare professionals would be prompted to modify their practice if given feedback that their clinical practice was inconsistent with that of their peers or accepted guidelines. Yet, audit and feedback has not been found to be consistently effective. To assess the effects of audit and feedback on the practice of healthcare professionals and patient outcomes. We searched the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group&amp;amp;amp;#39;s register up to January 2001. This was supplemented with searches of MEDLINE and reference lists, which did not yield additional relevant studies. Randomised trials of audit and feedback (defined as any summary of clinical performance over a specified period of time) that reported objectively measured professional practice in a healthcare setting or healthcare outcomes. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Quantitative (meta-regression), visual and qualitative analyses were undertaken. We included 85 studies, 48 of which have been added to the previous version of this review. There were 52 comparisons of dichotomous outcomes from 47 trials with over 3500 health professionals that compared audit and feedback to no intervention. The adjusted RDs of non-compliance with desired practice varied from 0.09 (a 9% absolute increase in non-compliance) to 0.71 (a 71% decrease in non-compliance) (median = 0.07, inter-quartile range = 0.02 to 0.11). The one factor that appeared to predict the effectiveness of audit and feedback across studies was baseline non-compliance with recommended practice. Audit and feedback can be effective in improving professional practice. When it is effective, the effects are generally small to moderate. The absolute effects of audit and feedback are more likely to be larger when baseline adherence to recommended practice is low.

Background: Veterinary physiotherapy includes the assessment and treatment of the musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. It incorporates the analysis of the neuro-muscular system and anatomy to find the accurate problems. Physiotherapy has long been used in human medicine with vast amounts of research published as to its benefits. However, the use of physiotherapy in veterinary practice is a relatively new concept and the evidence base for such treatments is in its infancy. Also there is lack of awareness on veterinary physiotherapy hence this review of literature on veterinary physiotherapy is done with 32 published articles. Objective: The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of need for veterinary physiotherapy among the available literature globally. Methodology: Study Type: Non-experimental Study Duration: 4 weeks Study Setting: SRM medical college hospital and research centre, Kattankulathur. Procedure: 24 veterinary Physiotherapy published articles from AVMA, NCBI-Pubmed, Science Direct and Elsevier will be reviewed and it will be analysed and interpreted. Result and Conclusion: will be revealed after the completion of the full study.

The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease, which arose from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, has become a public health emergency. Large number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 need critical care for prolong period of time. There is risk of severe adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients with multiple comorbidities. Collaboration between medical interventions and early and sustained comprehensive rehabilitation play an important role in patient recovery from acute care to discharge. Physiotherapist, who play an important role in multidisciplinary treatment contribute majorly to improve patient's lung and functional capacity. We present a case of a 52-year-Old male diagnosed with COVID-19 and with multiple comorbidities, focusing on role of pulmonary rehabilitation in collaboration with Medical management and outlining the pathway of recovery from ICU to discharge.

Background: Since past 100 years SI joint has been a topic of interest in medicine. Hippocrates was one who described pelvic separation during labor. He said it remained so even after birth. Well-known spine specialists reported that SI joint dysfunction can be the main source of SI joint and low back pain. The purpose of study was to find out the age wise prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in females and to find the severity of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in primipara and multipara subjects.

Background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients has difficulty in expiration and 4-7-8 breath is a new breathing technique in which the numbers 4-7-8 refers to counts of inspiration, holding the breath and expiration respectively which overcomes the expiratory defect. Objectives: (1) To determine the effect of conventional breathing technique on anxiety and depression in moderate COPD patients and (2) To determine the effect of 4-7-8 breathing technique on anxiety and depression in moderate COPD patients. Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 87 patients diagnosed with moderate COPD were selected based on inclusion criteria. Randomization was done by simple random sampling and divided into two groups, Group A (N=43) received conventional therapy which includes nebulization, breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy. Group B (N=44) received 4-7-8 breathing technique along with conventional therapy. The outcome measures for dyspnea and anxiety and depression were assessed by Modified Medical Research Council grading and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Pretest was assessed on third day of admission and Posttest after 4 days of intervention. Result: Within group A statistical analysis for MMRC grading (p 0.0034) was significant, for HADS (p 0.0814) it was not significant. Within group B, MMRC grading and HADS (p<0.0001) shows statistically significant. Between group comparison, MMRC and HADS (p<0.0001) which was extremely statistically significant. Conclusion: 4-7-8 breathing technique focus on time factor of inspiration, hold and expiration is effective in reducing dyspnea, anxiety and depression in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Torticollis in Latin word means twisted neck and was first defined by Tubby in 1912. Torticollis is the postural deformity of head and neck, which may be acquired or congenital. Acquired Torticollis may be due to trauma, inflammatory, psychogenic or neoplastic. Congenital muscular Torticollis is a postural deformity of head and neck detected at birth or shortly after birth, primarily resulting from unilateral fibrosis & shortening of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle. Torticollis is also known as twisted neck. The most common Physiotherapy treatment were passive stretch, handling advice, facilitation of neck muscle strength and facilitation of active cervical ROM.

Background: Phenomenological research has emerged as an important qualitative research methodology in health care, contributing to a comprehensive approach to evidence-informed practice among healthcare professionals. Evidence-informed practice in physiotherapy will benefit from integrating phenomenological research in order to attend to the lived-experiences of both clients and therapists involved in physiotherapist-client encounters, building a more sensitive and holistic approach to physiotherapy practice.

Lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow is the major challenge, as it is difficult to treat, prone to recurrence and may last
for several weeks or months. The present study was conducted on 40 subjects to find out the effectiveness of Mulligan’s
Mobilization with Movement (MWM) technique and conventional physiotherapy in the treatment of Chronic Lateral
Epicondylitis. We found that MWM technique is more beneficial than conventional physiotherapy alone in eliminating
pain of previously painful active movements and the overall improvement in the condition.

Gangguan pada kasus paru dewasa ini merupakan masalah yang besar dan dialami hampir di seluruh dunia. Gangguan pada kasus faal paru terbagi menjadi 2 yakni restriksi dan obstruksi. Restriksi adalah gangguan pengembangan paru oleh sebab apapun. Paru menjadi kaku, daya tarik ke dalam lebih kuat sehingga sangkar thorax menyempit dan volume paru mengecil.

Clinicians and researchers work hand in hand to investigate and understand functions und dysfunctions of pain. So could we dream of a life without pain ? Certainly not, when it comes to its function as a necessary protection mechanisms that accompanies us through our development. But when it comes to pain that becomes a conqueror who invades our bodies we dare to dream of a life without it.

Two years ago we published an update of another of our previous systematic reviews about the effectiveness of physical exercises (PEs), and we found that the evidence on exercises for AIS was of level 1b. Now we have updated these results in the field of exercises for AIS with the final aim to find the strongest evidence as possible about PEs. Our goal was to verify if treatment with specific exercises for AIS has changed in these years. The study design was a systematic review. A bibliographic search with strict inclusion criteria (patients treated exclusively with exercises, outcome Cobb degrees, all study designs) has been performed on the main electronic databases. We found a new paper about active autocorrection (Negrini et al, 2008b), a prospective controlled cohort observational study on patients never treated before so the number of manuscripts considered in the systematic review was 20. The highest quality study (RCT) compared 2 groups of 40 patients, showing an improvement of the curve in all treated patients after 6 months. All studies confirmed the efficacy of exercises in reducing the progression rate (mainly in early puberty) and/or improving the Cobb angles (around the end of growth). Exercises were also shown to be effective in reducing brace prescription. Appendices of the popular exercise protocols that have been used in the research studies that are examined are included with detailed description and illustrations. This study (like the previously published systematic reviews) showed that PEs can improve the Cobb angles of individuals with AIS and can improve strength, mobility, and balance. The level of evidence remains 1b according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, as previously documented.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization versus Mulligan mobilization on improving pain and functional ability in subjects with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. Methods: 60 subjects diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. In Group A (n=30) subjects were treated with Maitland mobilization technique and common supervised exercises thrice a week for 4 weeks, where as Group B (n=30) subjects were treated with mulligan mobilization and conventional exercises. Outcome used were Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and shoulder range of motion (external rotation and abduction) and recorded after 4 weeks. Results: Statistical analysis was done using, student t test (two tailed and independent) for difference between groups and student t test (two tailed dependent) for difference within groups. Microsoft word and Excel was used to generate graphs, tables. Analysis of the data revealed that both groups has significant changes within them with p value 0.00 both in SPADI score and abduction and external rotation range of motion and in between groups showing the group which received mulligan mobilization and exercises is effective with p value 0.01 for SPDI and abduction and p value of 0.007 for external rotation. Conclusion: it was concluded that Mulligan mobilization is more effective than Maitland mobilization in reducing pain and improving shoulder functional ability in subjects with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.

In recent years, physiotherapists have been increasingly interested in defining their professional identity. At the heart of this interest lies a fundamental question about the role that the body plays in defining physiotherapy practice. Given the importance of the body to physiotherapy, it is surprising how under-theorized the body is in existing physiotherapy literature. With a few notable exceptions, the body as a philosophical/theoretical construct has been almost entirely bypassed by the profession. In this paper the authors argue that a renewed interest in the meaning given to the body by physiotherapists is timely, and offer a sociohistorical critique of the role the body has played in defining physiotherapy practice. We challenge physiotherapists' longstanding affinity with a biomechanical view of the body, arguing that whilst this approach may have been critically important in the past, it is now increasingly clear that a more diverse and inclusive approach to the body will be needed in the future. The authors explore the notion of embodiment and suggest ways in which embodiment theory might be applied to physiotherapy practice.

This study examined the awareness, attitude, belief,
and utilization of physiotherapy services (PS) in a
Nigerian sample. This was a cross-sectional survey
involving 885 adult residents of Nnewi in southeastern
Nigeria. Awareness of physiotherapy existence
was high (61.8%). Many of the respondents (29.7%)
got their information about physiotherapy from
hospitals and 20.8% thought that government should
be responsible for creating awareness about
physiotherapy. The majority of respondents (89.6%)
felt they needed to know more about physiotherapy
while 56% felt their current knowledge about
physiotherapy was enough to advise others on PS.
Almost all the participants (93%) thought that
physiotherapy should be in all hospitals, while 41.3%
and 35.6% respectively reported physiotherapy to be
always and sometimes effective. Of those who had
received physiotherapy, 22.7% and 20.2% felt
satisfied and impressed respectively. The majority of
respondents (70.5%) claimed they would recommend
PS, and 61.1% stated that they would prefer PS to
indigenous health services (IHS). Out of these, 43.2%
claimed they would discourage the use of IHS. In
terms of cost effectiveness, 44.8% preferred
physiotherapy to IHS. Ignorance (38.7%) was the
most frequently reported reason for preferring IHS to
physiotherapy. IHS was reported to have done more
harm than good 55-99% of the time (31.8%).
Awareness of physiotherapy existence was fair.
Participants showed positive belief and attitude, and utilization was high. There is however still a need to
raise awareness about physiotherapy and its existence.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common cause of disability and is ranked as the most burdensome health condition globally. Self-management, including components on increased knowledge, monitoring of symptoms, and physical activity, are consistently recommended in clinical guidelines as cost-effective strategies for LBP management and there is increasing interest in the potential role of digital health.

The effectiveness of three deep breathing techniques was evaluated in 98 male patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a randomized trial. The techniques examined were deep breathing with a blow bottle-device, an inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure mask (IR-PEP) and performed with no mechanical device. Pulmonary function and roentgenological changes were evaluated. Four days post-operatively there were signié -

Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Physical inactivity levels are rising in developing countries and Malaysia is of no exception. Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey 2003 reported that the prevalence of physical inactivity was 39.7% and the prevalence was higher for women (42.6%) than men (36.7%). In Malaysia, the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006 reported that 43.7% (5.5 million) of Malaysian adults were physically inactive. These statistics show that physically inactive is an important public health concern in Malaysia. College students have been found to have poor physical activity habits. The objective of this study was to identify the physical activity level among students of Asia Metropolitan University (AMU) in Malaysia.

Background Walking speed has implications for community functioning and is predictive of important outcomes. Determining whether an individual's walking speed is limited requires normal values for comparison. Objectives To use meta-analysis to describe normal gait speed for healthy individuals within age and gender strata. Data sources PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Scopus, Science Citation Index and articles identified by hand searches. Study selection criteria Inclusion required that the gait speed of apparently healthy adults was documented as they walked at a normal pace over a course of 3 to 30 m. Summary data were excluded unless obtained from at least 10 participants within a gender and decade stratum. Study appraisal and synthesis methods The two authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Accuracy was confirmed by the other author. Data were grouped within gender and decade strata. A meta-analysis macro was used to consolidate data by strata and to determine homogeneity. Results Forty-one articles contributed data to the analysis. Combined, they provided data from 23 111 subjects. The gait speed was homogeneous within strata and ranged from a mean of 143.4 cm/second for men aged 40 to 49 years to a mean of 94.3 cm/second for women aged 80 to 99 years. Limitations The data presented herein may not be useful as a standard of normal if gait is measured over short distances from the command 'go' or if a turn is involved.

Introduces the role of neuromaturational and dynamical systems theory in child development and ensuing adult movement behavior. Highlights the work of physical therapist, Irmgard Bartenieff (1900 - 1982) and occupational therapist Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen and the development of the somatic movement systems:  Bartenieff Fundamentals and Body-Mind Centering, respectively.  Compares and contrasts these two systems of human movement analysis and their perspectives in intervention with children and adults.  Shares Dr. Eddy's unique blend of these two systems in Dynamic Embodiment Somatic Movement Therapy.  Provides charts of different views of body organization and neuro-developmental organization in embryological and infant motor planning, as well as the reflex theory related to adult performance.  Also includes additional charts from the pedagogy of colleague Rachelle Tsachor.

In sports, the fun, recreation and muscle injuries are two side of a coin. Depending on the frequency of physical a ctivities and their nature in sports, different kinds of muscle injury do exist. The main objective of the present work is to know the physiotherapeutic mo dalities utilization in Quadriceps injury. Before understanding the therapeutics usage, the author focused on anatomical structure of quadriceps muscles, its origin, insertion and any alteration in course of muscle, with special emphasis on subcrures muscles. Furthermore, the presentation h ighlighted the architectural design, muscle morphology, muscle tendon dynamics along with several aspects of muscle biomechanics. Moreover, in present review the efforts made to discuss the muscle metabolism such as activity of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, temp erature and so on. After thorough discussion on Anatomy, the scholar discussed about the types of injuries on quadriceps muscles such as tendinitis, sprain and strain, partial or complete rupture of fibers, soreness, fatigue, cramp, contusion, compartment syndromes and related issues. Several interesting causes of the injuries and related syndromes are presented in it. Recently, literature reported several interesting views regarding therapeutic modalities for quadriceps treatment and rehabilitation such as effects of different type of exercises and stretches, electrotherapy equipments-high frequency as lazers, diathermies, ultra sounds; low frequencies-as vibrators, shockwave therapy; and other modalities as hot therapy, cold therapy and contrast therapy. Massage benefit on quadriceps discussed in the last phase of the article.

In the early 1800s, Peter Henry Ling (also known as Per Henrik Ling) was perhaps the first to notice what numerous others pioneers of physiotherapy have already observed in the past centuries: massage and physical exercises are critical for healing many chronic and acute forms of pain. Even in some way controversial, Ling is widely considered the "Father of Massage". Like many massage therapists and body workers today, he used his own knowledge and experience with pain and injury to craft methods and techniques that shaped the basis of his practice and, ultimately, of massage itself.

Background: Spasticity following a stroke occurs in about 30% of patients. The mechanisms underlying this disorder, however, are not well understood. Method: This review aims to define spasticity, describe hypotheses explaining its development after a stroke, give an overview of related neuroimaging studies as well as a description of the most common scales used to quantify the degree of spasticity and finally explore which treatments are currently being used to treat this disorder. Results: The lack of consensus is highlighted on the basis of spasticity and the associated absence of guidelines for treatment, use of drugs and rehabilitation programmes. Conclusions: Future studies require controlled protocols to determine the efficiency of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Neuroimaging may help predict the occurrence of spasticity and could provide insight into its neurological basis.

Physiotherapy (also Physical Therapy as referred to by the World Confederation of Physical Therapy) is a health care profession concerned with human function and movement and maximizing potential. It is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment/intervention, habilitation and rehabilitation. It uses physical approaches to promote, maintain and restore physical, psychological and social well-being, taking account of variations in health status. It is science-based, committed to extending, applying, evaluating and reviewing the evidence that underpins and informs its practice and delivery. The exercise of clinical judgment and informed interpretation is at its core.

Objectives To evaluate the learning, retention and transfer of performance improvements after Nintendo Wii Fit TM training in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy elderly people. Design Longitudinal, controlled clinical study. Participants Sixteen patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease and 11 healthy elderly people. Interventions Warm-up exercises and Wii Fit training that involved training motor (shifts centre of gravity and step alternation) and cognitive skills. A follow-up evaluative Wii Fit session was held 60 days after the end of training. Participants performed a functional reach test before and after training as a measure of learning transfer. Main outcome measures Learning and retention were determined based on the scores of 10 Wii Fit games over eight sessions. Transfer of learning was assessed after training using the functional reach test. Results Patients with Parkinson's disease showed no deficit in learning or retention on seven of the 10 games, despite showing poorer performance on five games compared with the healthy elderly group. Patients with Parkinson's disease showed marked learning deficits on three other games, independent of poorer initial performance. This deficit appears to be associated with cognitive demands of the games which require decision-making, response inhibition, divided attention and working memory. Finally, patients with Parkinson's disease were able to transfer motor ability trained on the games to a similar untrained task. Conclusions The ability of patients with Parkinson's disease to learn, retain and transfer performance improvements after training on the Nintendo Wii Fit depends largely on the demands, particularly cognitive demands, of the games involved, reiterating the importance of game selection for rehabilitation purposes.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of conservative treatments for patients with cervical radiculopathy, a term used to describe neck pain associated with pain radiating into the arm. Little is known about the effectiveness of conservative treatment for patients with cervical radiculopathy.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major disabling health conditions among older adults aged 60 years or older. While most causes of LBP among older adults are non-specific and self-limiting, seniors are prone to develop certain LBP pathologies and/or chronic LBP given their age-related physical and psychosocial changes. Unfortunately, no review has previously summarized/discussed various factors that may affect the effective LBP management among older adults. Accordingly, the objectives of the current narrative review were to comprehensively summarize common causes and risk factors (modifiable and non-modifiable) of developing severe/chronic LBP in older adults, to highlight specific issues in assessing and treating seniors with LBP, and to discuss future research directions. Existing evidence suggests that prevalence rates of severe and chronic LBP increase with older age. As compared to working-age adults, older adults are more likely to develop certain LBP pathologies (e.g., osteoporotic vertebral fractures, tumors, spinal infection, and lumbar spinal stenosis). Importantly, various age-related physical, psychological, and mental changes (e.g., spinal degeneration, comorbidities, physical inactivity, age-related changes in central pain processing, and dementia), as well as multiple risk factors (e.g., genetic, gender, and ethnicity), may affect the prognosis and management of LBP in older adults. Collectively, by understanding the impacts of various factors on the assessment and treatment of older adults with LBP, both clinicians and researchers can work toward the direction of more cost-effective and personalized LBP management for older people.

In the somatosensory rehabilitation method, a generator of vibrations is used for the diagnostic testing of axonal lesions, the treatment of mechanical allodynia by Distant Vibrotactile Counter Stimulation (DVCS) and stimulating substitution in hypoaesthetic territories through neuroplasticity (Spicher, 2006). Unfortunately, this generator of vibrations is not available in the Netherlands. Therefore, the therapy can only be done by performing the home program of relearning the interpretation of tactile stimuli to the skin, using the neuroplasticity of the brain. When I started to use the somatosensory rehabilitation method in neuropathic pain patients in 2012, I was curious my results could be as positive as I had seen in Fribourg during my first course.