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Fig.1: Shows comparison of mean of normalized reach distance covered on SEBT in various directions with different tapes Fig 2: Comparison of VAS score between the groups

Figure 1 Shows comparison of mean of normalized reach distance covered on SEBT in various directions with different tapes Fig 2: Comparison of VAS score between the groups

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pregnancy. Functional outcome also improved like rolling in bed, standing, walking and performing daily activities with minimal pain as noted by the modified oswestry disability questionnaire. Though the symptoms and clinical presentation of SPD are gross and may be incapacitating, conservative physiotherapy approaches are found to be effective in antenatal period as reported by Seth S etal in a single case study. UAC Okafor and TF Sokunbi in 2009 reported in a case study that subsequent management of postpartum diastasis symphysis pubis with conservative physiotherapy, using pain modulating treatment combined with bed rest for 4 weeks, resulted in very significant improvement in pain, mobility, and gait which could not be attained when the patient had been placed on bed rest for 5 weeks without physiotherapy intervention which showed that bed rest would not be the option for relief of SPD pain°. The present study aimed for a sequence in therapy by using cryotherapy followed by TENS”, pelvic floor strengthening exercises and posture and activity modification throughout the day with the trochanteric belt in situ (Fig-3,4). The use of cryotherapy produced effect on the sensory nerves and reduced inflammation of symphysis pubis joint thus decreasing pain. TENS has been used by pregnant women for many years without any reported side effects for either the mother or baby. In fact, it has been suggested that TENS enhances placental blood flow’. In a meta-analysis of six randomized, placebo-controlled trials, transcutaneous nerve stimulation was found to relieve the symptoms of back pain. Pelvic floor strengthening exercises/ elevator exercises helps to hold the symphysis pubis joint
pregnancy. Functional outcome also improved like rolling in bed, standing, walking and performing daily activities with minimal pain as noted by the modified oswestry disability questionnaire. Though the symptoms and clinical presentation of SPD are gross and may be incapacitating, conservative physiotherapy approaches are found to be effective in antenatal period as reported by Seth S etal in a single case study. UAC Okafor and TF Sokunbi in 2009 reported in a case study that subsequent management of postpartum diastasis symphysis pubis with conservative physiotherapy, using pain modulating treatment combined with bed rest for 4 weeks, resulted in very significant improvement in pain, mobility, and gait which could not be attained when the patient had been placed on bed rest for 5 weeks without physiotherapy intervention which showed that bed rest would not be the option for relief of SPD pain°. The present study aimed for a sequence in therapy by using cryotherapy followed by TENS”, pelvic floor strengthening exercises and posture and activity modification throughout the day with the trochanteric belt in situ (Fig-3,4). The use of cryotherapy produced effect on the sensory nerves and reduced inflammation of symphysis pubis joint thus decreasing pain. TENS has been used by pregnant women for many years without any reported side effects for either the mother or baby. In fact, it has been suggested that TENS enhances placental blood flow’. In a meta-analysis of six randomized, placebo-controlled trials, transcutaneous nerve stimulation was found to relieve the symptoms of back pain. Pelvic floor strengthening exercises/ elevator exercises helps to hold the symphysis pubis joint
Arati Ramannavar / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.: A multimodality physiotherapeutic approach in pregnancy induced symphysis pubis dysfunction has shown to be effective in terms of pain reduction and improving functional outcomes. However, the therapy sessions were short and follow up was lacking. Additional studies are needed to follow up the effect of therapy until delivery of the fetus.
Arati Ramannavar / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.: A multimodality physiotherapeutic approach in pregnancy induced symphysis pubis dysfunction has shown to be effective in terms of pain reduction and improving functional outcomes. However, the therapy sessions were short and follow up was lacking. Additional studies are needed to follow up the effect of therapy until delivery of the fetus.
together providing active stability. The trochanteric belt stabilizes the joint in place that move due to laxity with the movement of the legs and various activities of daily living providing passive Stability” (fig-1, 2). Studies have found supportive binders to be ineffective in case of misaligned pubic symphysis?*?5’. However, in the present study none of the subjects showed discomfort with the support belt and no clicking was diagnosed in the initial assessment suggesting of misaligned pelvis. The participants were asked to use the trochanteric belt only during activities and notin supine resting position or during sleep. Two cases of spontaneous rupture of the symphysis pubis (SP) during delivery were reported by Dhar S and Anderton JM in 19927. The separations were associated with considerable pain, swelling, and tenderness over the symphysis pubis and were treated conservatively with bed rest, mostly in the lateral decubitus position, within pelvic binders. The patients were essentially asymptomatic and walked normally. Conservative treatment followed by early mobilization was concluded to be adequate treatment for symphysis pubis separations. In the present study subjects were functional with minimal pain by therapy and support belt which was not achieved even with complete bed rest for one week prior to intervention. It could therefore be implied that early physiotherapy intervention can help women with SPD to reduce pain and be functional instead of being bed ridden throughout pregnancy and also to resolve the after effect of the condition and for hormonal resolution effect in post partum period.
together providing active stability. The trochanteric belt stabilizes the joint in place that move due to laxity with the movement of the legs and various activities of daily living providing passive Stability” (fig-1, 2). Studies have found supportive binders to be ineffective in case of misaligned pubic symphysis?*?5’. However, in the present study none of the subjects showed discomfort with the support belt and no clicking was diagnosed in the initial assessment suggesting of misaligned pelvis. The participants were asked to use the trochanteric belt only during activities and notin supine resting position or during sleep. Two cases of spontaneous rupture of the symphysis pubis (SP) during delivery were reported by Dhar S and Anderton JM in 19927. The separations were associated with considerable pain, swelling, and tenderness over the symphysis pubis and were treated conservatively with bed rest, mostly in the lateral decubitus position, within pelvic binders. The patients were essentially asymptomatic and walked normally. Conservative treatment followed by early mobilization was concluded to be adequate treatment for symphysis pubis separations. In the present study subjects were functional with minimal pain by therapy and support belt which was not achieved even with complete bed rest for one week prior to intervention. It could therefore be implied that early physiotherapy intervention can help women with SPD to reduce pain and be functional instead of being bed ridden throughout pregnancy and also to resolve the after effect of the condition and for hormonal resolution effect in post partum period.
Results sensors during the gait cycle. Histogram of this patient showed an excessive increase in weight bearing on unaffected foot from heel to toe with heel bearing 66% weight. The interesting fact noted here was increased weight bearing on medial border of unaffected foot suggesting flat foot. Gait line (figure 6) and force gait line (figure 7) is concentration of forces starting from heel to revealed a shift in centre of gravity and concentration of force lines on unaffected side suggesting maximum weight bearing on unaffected side during the whole gait cycle. Histogram (figure 5) represents the amount of force borne by each of eight shoe data was transferred from internal memory unit to the computer for data analysis. Patient completed the distance of 30 feet in 2 minutes. Four base support stick was use by the patient during walking. CDG revealed abnormal changes in cyclogram, histogram, gait line, force gait line, step time and force graphics gait pattern suggesting pathological gait asymmetry. Cyclogram (figure 4) represents the kinematics during total gait cycle. Cyclogram
Results sensors during the gait cycle. Histogram of this patient showed an excessive increase in weight bearing on unaffected foot from heel to toe with heel bearing 66% weight. The interesting fact noted here was increased weight bearing on medial border of unaffected foot suggesting flat foot. Gait line (figure 6) and force gait line (figure 7) is concentration of forces starting from heel to revealed a shift in centre of gravity and concentration of force lines on unaffected side suggesting maximum weight bearing on unaffected side during the whole gait cycle. Histogram (figure 5) represents the amount of force borne by each of eight shoe data was transferred from internal memory unit to the computer for data analysis. Patient completed the distance of 30 feet in 2 minutes. Four base support stick was use by the patient during walking. CDG revealed abnormal changes in cyclogram, histogram, gait line, force gait line, step time and force graphics gait pattern suggesting pathological gait asymmetry. Cyclogram (figure 4) represents the kinematics during total gait cycle. Cyclogram
Fig. 8: Step times
Fig. 8: Step times
Ethical Approval toe. In this patient, it was altered on affected side and started from mid footinstead of heel and continued to forefoot suggestive of abnormal weight bearing pattern on affected side. Step times(figure 8) represent all temporal parameters in terms gait cycle, frequency, single support time, double support time, single swing, stance time and step time. In this case, gait cycle was 3.96 seconds, frequency/minute was 30, left single support time was 0.370 seconds, right single support time was 0.658 seconds, left double support time was 1.606 and right double support time was 1.329, left single swing time was 0.658seconds, right single swing time was 0.370 seconds, left stance time was 3.305 seconds, right stance time was 3.596, left step time was 1.976 seconds, right step time was 1.987 seconds and symmetry ratio was 0.99. Force graphics (figure 9) represents the sum of forces on sensors during gait cycle. In the present patient, it showed a 750 N on left side and 850 N on right side. In summary, there was 61% reduction in single support time, eight times increased in double support time on affected side and decreased frequency by 23.8%.
Ethical Approval toe. In this patient, it was altered on affected side and started from mid footinstead of heel and continued to forefoot suggestive of abnormal weight bearing pattern on affected side. Step times(figure 8) represent all temporal parameters in terms gait cycle, frequency, single support time, double support time, single swing, stance time and step time. In this case, gait cycle was 3.96 seconds, frequency/minute was 30, left single support time was 0.370 seconds, right single support time was 0.658 seconds, left double support time was 1.606 and right double support time was 1.329, left single swing time was 0.658seconds, right single swing time was 0.370 seconds, left stance time was 3.305 seconds, right stance time was 3.596, left step time was 1.976 seconds, right step time was 1.987 seconds and symmetry ratio was 0.99. Force graphics (figure 9) represents the sum of forces on sensors during gait cycle. In the present patient, it showed a 750 N on left side and 850 N on right side. In summary, there was 61% reduction in single support time, eight times increased in double support time on affected side and decreased frequency by 23.8%.
NS=Not significant P< 0.01 Significant P< 0.001 Highly Significa: Table 1 : Comparison of anthropometric data & VO2 max of non-athletes & athletes with statistical analysis.
NS=Not significant P< 0.01 Significant P< 0.001 Highly Significa: Table 1 : Comparison of anthropometric data & VO2 max of non-athletes & athletes with statistical analysis.
Table 3 : Comparison of Dynamic Lung functions of Athletes before exercise testing (BE) & after exercise testing (AE) with statistica analysis.
Table 3 : Comparison of Dynamic Lung functions of Athletes before exercise testing (BE) & after exercise testing (AE) with statistica analysis.
NS =Not Significant P<0.01 is considered significant Table 2 : Comparison of Dynamic Lung Functions of Non- Athletes before exercise testing (BE) & after exercise testing (AE) wi Statistical analysis.
NS =Not Significant P<0.01 is considered significant Table 2 : Comparison of Dynamic Lung Functions of Non- Athletes before exercise testing (BE) & after exercise testing (AE) wi Statistical analysis.
Fig. 1 : Administration of Ultrasound treatment The study was conducted in K.S .Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore both inpatient and outpatient Physiotherapy department after approval from the institutional ethical committee. Inclusion criteria were all the subjects with second stage pressure sores. Tumors, Metal implants (local), Photo allergy Burns, Tuberculosis, Skin disease like Psoriasis, History of long-term steroid therapy and radiation, Uncontrolled diabetes, Vascular diseases, Infected pressure sores, Pressure sores other than the pelvic region, were excluded from the study. 40 subjects with, second stage pressure sores sample has been taken by convenient sampling. A consent letter was obtained from each subject and then subjects were divided in to 2 groups. Group 1 Pressure sore getting Ultrasound therapy with routine medical management Group 2 Pressure sore getting Low-level laser therapy with routine medical management.
Fig. 1 : Administration of Ultrasound treatment The study was conducted in K.S .Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore both inpatient and outpatient Physiotherapy department after approval from the institutional ethical committee. Inclusion criteria were all the subjects with second stage pressure sores. Tumors, Metal implants (local), Photo allergy Burns, Tuberculosis, Skin disease like Psoriasis, History of long-term steroid therapy and radiation, Uncontrolled diabetes, Vascular diseases, Infected pressure sores, Pressure sores other than the pelvic region, were excluded from the study. 40 subjects with, second stage pressure sores sample has been taken by convenient sampling. A consent letter was obtained from each subject and then subjects were divided in to 2 groups. Group 1 Pressure sore getting Ultrasound therapy with routine medical management Group 2 Pressure sore getting Low-level laser therapy with routine medical management.
In the above table comparison is being done between ultrasound group and laser group before starting the treatment. The numbers of patients in both groups were 20. The mean surface area for ultrasound group is 4.7940 cm2 and for laser group it is 4.9425 cm2. The standard deviation was 3.89 and 2.63 for ultrasound and laser group respectively.
In the above table comparison is being done between ultrasound group and laser group before starting the treatment. The numbers of patients in both groups were 20. The mean surface area for ultrasound group is 4.7940 cm2 and for laser group it is 4.9425 cm2. The standard deviation was 3.89 and 2.63 for ultrasound and laser group respectively.
Fig. 2: Administration of Laser Treatment Data Analysis Table I : Comparison of Ultrasound group and Laser group (Group statistics)
Fig. 2: Administration of Laser Treatment Data Analysis Table I : Comparison of Ultrasound group and Laser group (Group statistics)
Fig. 3: Tracing of wound on transparent paper
Fig. 3: Tracing of wound on transparent paper
Table Ill : Difference between ultrasound group and laser group. ultrasound with a dose of 0.5 to 0.8W/Cm2 at frequency of 3 MHz for 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The result of the study also supports the other studies. The table indicates the mean reduction in surface area between ultrasound group and the laser group. The mean Surface area for ultrasound group is 1.5359 cm2 with standard deviation of 1.40. For the laser group, the mean reduction in surface area is 2.2498 with a standard deviation of 1.24. When both the groups are compared, the laser group shows significant reduction in surface area as compared to ultrasound group (p=0.046). This table shows that LLLT is more beneficial than the ultrasound therapy in the management of pressure sores as it comparatively reduces the surface area of pressure sores
Table Ill : Difference between ultrasound group and laser group. ultrasound with a dose of 0.5 to 0.8W/Cm2 at frequency of 3 MHz for 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The result of the study also supports the other studies. The table indicates the mean reduction in surface area between ultrasound group and the laser group. The mean Surface area for ultrasound group is 1.5359 cm2 with standard deviation of 1.40. For the laser group, the mean reduction in surface area is 2.2498 with a standard deviation of 1.24. When both the groups are compared, the laser group shows significant reduction in surface area as compared to ultrasound group (p=0.046). This table shows that LLLT is more beneficial than the ultrasound therapy in the management of pressure sores as it comparatively reduces the surface area of pressure sores
Fig. 4: Comparison of Mean surface area between Ultrasound and Laser Groups
Fig. 4: Comparison of Mean surface area between Ultrasound and Laser Groups
Fig. 1: Flow diagram showing subject recruitment and retention. 2-Proprioception Assessment
Fig. 1: Flow diagram showing subject recruitment and retention. 2-Proprioception Assessment
Table 2 : Statistical analysis of pain and functional disability scores within each group and between groups U: Mann-Whitney U statistic. Z : Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test *significant
Table 2 : Statistical analysis of pain and functional disability scores within each group and between groups U: Mann-Whitney U statistic. Z : Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test *significant
Table 3 : Statistical analysis of propriocepion accuracy within each group and between groups (P =0.067) or in the placebo group (p=0.238). The analysis between the groups showed no significant difference in the pre- treatment values (P = 0.255), and in post-treatment values (p=0.84). Table 3 stated that whenever pathology of tissue occurs there will be an increase in the resistance in the area that will be highly positively charged. Thus, the nutrients in this area will be lost. MENS decreases the tissue resistance and therefore nutrients are supplied to these tissues enhancing its repair?? 22.
Table 3 : Statistical analysis of propriocepion accuracy within each group and between groups (P =0.067) or in the placebo group (p=0.238). The analysis between the groups showed no significant difference in the pre- treatment values (P = 0.255), and in post-treatment values (p=0.84). Table 3 stated that whenever pathology of tissue occurs there will be an increase in the resistance in the area that will be highly positively charged. Thus, the nutrients in this area will be lost. MENS decreases the tissue resistance and therefore nutrients are supplied to these tissues enhancing its repair?? 22.
Table 1: Demographic Data of 40 Patients with subacromial impingement *$D: standard deviation, P: probability
Table 1: Demographic Data of 40 Patients with subacromial impingement *$D: standard deviation, P: probability
Table 5.3 : Comparison of C.V.A. and V.M.O. Fig. 5.1 : Mean value of C.V.A. pre-intervention to post- intervention
Table 5.3 : Comparison of C.V.A. and V.M.O. Fig. 5.1 : Mean value of C.V.A. pre-intervention to post- intervention
Table 5.2 : Paired sample t test between different head neck position Discussion
Table 5.2 : Paired sample t test between different head neck position Discussion
Table 5.1 : Paired sample t test between NP and other head neck positions
Table 5.1 : Paired sample t test between NP and other head neck positions
Table 5.4 : Paired sample t test within combined plane. Table 5.3: Paired sample t test between different head neck position
Table 5.4 : Paired sample t test within combined plane. Table 5.3: Paired sample t test between different head neck position
Fig. 5.1 : Comparison of peak torque of wrist flexors in different head and neck positions
Fig. 5.1 : Comparison of peak torque of wrist flexors in different head and neck positions
rehabilitation, because it helps establish a base line for treatment and it is a measure of the effectiveness of the therapy. The measure of handgrip strength is influenced by several factors including age, gender and different angle of shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, posture and grip span. strength (p=0.001) and 2.5 inch grip spacing (p=0.001) was done using ANOVA test and showed significant difference. Table 5.1 : Demographic Data The handgrip strength test is a simple and economic test that gives practical information about muscle, nerve, bone and joint disorders. Grip strength test is commonly used to evaluate the integrated performances of muscles by determine maximal grip force that can be produced in one muscular contraction. Measurementof grip strength is an important component of hand Analysis for hand span posthoc test for multiple comparison was done between the group (A, B & C), the results shows significant difference for Group A Vs Group B (p=0.009) Group C Vs Group A (p=0.003) but no significant difference for Group B Vs Group C (p=0.926) in 1.5 inch grip spacing. In 2.0 inch grip spacing the result show significant difference for Group B Vs Group C (p=0.003), Group C Vs Group A (p=0.0001) but no Analysis of age (p=0.001) and hand span (p=0.0001) was done using ANOVA test and showed difference. Analysis of 1.5 inch grip spacing (p=0.001), 2.0 inch grip The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of hand span on different grip space while measuring grip strength. It was hypothesized that subjects with longer hand span will show maximum grip strength on average grip spacing. Results
rehabilitation, because it helps establish a base line for treatment and it is a measure of the effectiveness of the therapy. The measure of handgrip strength is influenced by several factors including age, gender and different angle of shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, posture and grip span. strength (p=0.001) and 2.5 inch grip spacing (p=0.001) was done using ANOVA test and showed significant difference. Table 5.1 : Demographic Data The handgrip strength test is a simple and economic test that gives practical information about muscle, nerve, bone and joint disorders. Grip strength test is commonly used to evaluate the integrated performances of muscles by determine maximal grip force that can be produced in one muscular contraction. Measurementof grip strength is an important component of hand Analysis for hand span posthoc test for multiple comparison was done between the group (A, B & C), the results shows significant difference for Group A Vs Group B (p=0.009) Group C Vs Group A (p=0.003) but no significant difference for Group B Vs Group C (p=0.926) in 1.5 inch grip spacing. In 2.0 inch grip spacing the result show significant difference for Group B Vs Group C (p=0.003), Group C Vs Group A (p=0.0001) but no Analysis of age (p=0.001) and hand span (p=0.0001) was done using ANOVA test and showed difference. Analysis of 1.5 inch grip spacing (p=0.001), 2.0 inch grip The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of hand span on different grip space while measuring grip strength. It was hypothesized that subjects with longer hand span will show maximum grip strength on average grip spacing. Results
Table 2 : Comparison between control and study groups regarding test parameter mean values before and after treatment tested with open eyes.
Table 2 : Comparison between control and study groups regarding test parameter mean values before and after treatment tested with open eyes.
Table 1 : Comparison between before and after treatment regarding test parameter mean values in the control and study groups tested with open eyes.
Table 1 : Comparison between before and after treatment regarding test parameter mean values in the control and study groups tested with open eyes.
Table 4 : Comparison between control and study groups regarding test parameter mean values before and after treatment teste with closed eyes. test parameter mean values between the study and control groups neither before nor after treatment [table 4]. in CP using RGO. The findings of the current study revealed an improvement in some test parameters during standing in the study group after treatment compared to that before treatment and to the control group during the trials with eyes open and closed. Nearly all subjects showed a decrease in the confidence ellipse width and vertical deviation of COG after treatment. The improved test parameters in the study group during the trial with eyes closed may indicate increased deep sensory awareness by the enhanced weight bearing provided by the reciprocating gait orthosis. The results obtained can also suggest an improvement in the control of the vestibular system.
Table 4 : Comparison between control and study groups regarding test parameter mean values before and after treatment teste with closed eyes. test parameter mean values between the study and control groups neither before nor after treatment [table 4]. in CP using RGO. The findings of the current study revealed an improvement in some test parameters during standing in the study group after treatment compared to that before treatment and to the control group during the trials with eyes open and closed. Nearly all subjects showed a decrease in the confidence ellipse width and vertical deviation of COG after treatment. The improved test parameters in the study group during the trial with eyes closed may indicate increased deep sensory awareness by the enhanced weight bearing provided by the reciprocating gait orthosis. The results obtained can also suggest an improvement in the control of the vestibular system.
Table 3 : Comparison between before and after treatment regarding test parameter mean values in the control and study grour tested with closed eyes.
Table 3 : Comparison between before and after treatment regarding test parameter mean values in the control and study grour tested with closed eyes.
Hardik Trambadia / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.1
Hardik Trambadia / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.1
Shuttle Run Test
Shuttle Run Test
Discussion
Discussion
Table 1: paired samples ttest and Descriptive statistics ‘* Represents significant at 0.05 level and ‘NS’ represents Not Significant
Table 1: paired samples ttest and Descriptive statistics ‘* Represents significant at 0.05 level and ‘NS’ represents Not Significant
Discussion
Discussion
Fig. 1: EMG-NCV Instrument (RMS EP MK-Il, Version 1.1)
Fig. 1: EMG-NCV Instrument (RMS EP MK-Il, Version 1.1)
Fig.: 2 Spirit, Cotton, Gel, Measuretape, Micropore Adhesive Tape, Marker, Weighing Machine, Height Scale, Bipolar Stimulating Electrode, Ground Electrode, Ring Electrodes, Surface Electrodes Criterias for selection
Fig.: 2 Spirit, Cotton, Gel, Measuretape, Micropore Adhesive Tape, Marker, Weighing Machine, Height Scale, Bipolar Stimulating Electrode, Ground Electrode, Ring Electrodes, Surface Electrodes Criterias for selection
Table 3 : Average values of median motor, peroneal, median sensory and sural nerves and significance of difference
Table 3 : Average values of median motor, peroneal, median sensory and sural nerves and significance of difference
of Median motor nerve, Distal amplitude of Peroneal nerve and Distal amplitude of Sural nerve showed significant decrement. This suggests that presence of demyelinating neuropathy in Median motor nerve, axonal neuropathy in Peroneal and Sural nerves. While Distal amplitude of Median motor nerve, Distal amplitude and NCV Median sensory nerve, NCV of Peroneal and Sural nerve did not show significant decrement. Fig. 4: Graph to show Mean, Standard deviation of Left Median motor nerve distal amplitude, Left Median motor NCV, Left P erone nerve distal amplitude, Left Peroneal NCV, Left Median sensory nerve distal amplitude, Left Median sensory NCV, Left Sural nerv distal amplitude, Left sural NCV. velocity of both motor and sensory nerves was reduced by between 1 and 7 m/s. So this study is supporting the present that subclinical peripheral nerve involvement is common in HIV seropositive patients.8
of Median motor nerve, Distal amplitude of Peroneal nerve and Distal amplitude of Sural nerve showed significant decrement. This suggests that presence of demyelinating neuropathy in Median motor nerve, axonal neuropathy in Peroneal and Sural nerves. While Distal amplitude of Median motor nerve, Distal amplitude and NCV Median sensory nerve, NCV of Peroneal and Sural nerve did not show significant decrement. Fig. 4: Graph to show Mean, Standard deviation of Left Median motor nerve distal amplitude, Left Median motor NCV, Left P erone nerve distal amplitude, Left Peroneal NCV, Left Median sensory nerve distal amplitude, Left Median sensory NCV, Left Sural nerv distal amplitude, Left sural NCV. velocity of both motor and sensory nerves was reduced by between 1 and 7 m/s. So this study is supporting the present that subclinical peripheral nerve involvement is common in HIV seropositive patients.8
*higher value = better health/ lower value = worse overall health
*higher value = better health/ lower value = worse overall health
The affection of ADL are due to age related changes taking place in different systems of the body. The affection of the various systems is as follows
The affection of ADL are due to age related changes taking place in different systems of the body. The affection of the various systems is as follows
Fig. 1 : Age Distrubution Interpretation: Equal number of women was taken for the : age groups.
Fig. 1 : Age Distrubution Interpretation: Equal number of women was taken for the : age groups.
Interpretation : Out of the total number of women 60% were housewives & 40% were either retired or working women.
Interpretation : Out of the total number of women 60% were housewives & 40% were either retired or working women.
Fig. 3: ADL limitations in young old Interpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affecte:
Fig. 3: ADL limitations in young old Interpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affecte:
nterpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affectec “ig Re ADI I imitation In Old \inman Interpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affected
nterpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affectec “ig Re ADI I imitation In Old \inman Interpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affected
Interpretation: Washing hands and face are least affected while walking stair climbing & heavy housework are the most affected. Et.) 6§«S ACTA 1 tanto eee Te A) 2 PY eR lime Interpretation: Washing hands and face are least affected while walking stair climbing & heavy housework are the most affected.
Interpretation: Washing hands and face are least affected while walking stair climbing & heavy housework are the most affected. Et.) 6§«S ACTA 1 tanto eee Te A) 2 PY eR lime Interpretation: Washing hands and face are least affected while walking stair climbing & heavy housework are the most affected.
Interpretation: Washing hands & Feeding as a whole are least affected while Stair climbing & Heavy housework are the most affected.
Interpretation: Washing hands & Feeding as a whole are least affected while Stair climbing & Heavy housework are the most affected.
Fig. 7: Affection of Ambulation between working & non-working among the Young Old Group Interpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affected ms. gon_ ace. _3'.. _fL...3g 2k glad 2 ok. 2 nk OL wk... 2k Leb Re
Fig. 7: Affection of Ambulation between working & non-working among the Young Old Group Interpretation: Washing and drying the body is least affected & walking, stair climbing, heavy work is the most affected ms. gon_ ace. _3'.. _fL...3g 2k glad 2 ok. 2 nk OL wk... 2k Leb Re
Fig. 8: Affection of household activities between working & non- working of the Young Old Group Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Household activities domain as compared to Non-Working group.
Fig. 8: Affection of household activities between working & non- working of the Young Old Group Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Household activities domain as compared to Non-Working group.
Fig. 9: Affection of transfers between working & non-working of the Young Old Group Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Transfers domain as compared to Non-Working group.
Fig. 9: Affection of transfers between working & non-working of the Young Old Group Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Transfers domain as compared to Non-Working group.
Fig. 10 : Affection of personal care between working & non- working of the Young Old Group Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Personal Care domain as compared to Non-Working group.
Fig. 10 : Affection of personal care between working & non- working of the Young Old Group Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Personal Care domain as compared to Non-Working group.
Fig. 11 : Ambulation
Fig. 11 : Ambulation
Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Personal Care domain as compared to Non-Working group. Fig. 12: Household Activities Interpretation: As age advances the affection of household activities increases with the Old Old group being the most affected.
Interpretation: The Working group show less affection for Personal Care domain as compared to Non-Working group. Fig. 12: Household Activities Interpretation: As age advances the affection of household activities increases with the Old Old group being the most affected.
Fig. 14: Personal Care Interpretation: As age advances there is affection of personal care but it's the least affected ADL. Interpretation: As age advances the affection of Transfers increases but less in comparison to ambulation and household work with the Old Old group being the most affected.
Fig. 14: Personal Care Interpretation: As age advances there is affection of personal care but it's the least affected ADL. Interpretation: As age advances the affection of Transfers increases but less in comparison to ambulation and household work with the Old Old group being the most affected.
Procedure Variables This study was conducted in the Rheumatology Department of Christian Medical College & Hospital (Dec. 2009 to Feb 2010). After assessing the subjects, they were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and an informed consent form was obtained from each subject before collecting data. Total 25 subjects were taken by random sampling.
Procedure Variables This study was conducted in the Rheumatology Department of Christian Medical College & Hospital (Dec. 2009 to Feb 2010). After assessing the subjects, they were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and an informed consent form was obtained from each subject before collecting data. Total 25 subjects were taken by random sampling.
SEER Sm eR) Wears mmmsceeameeer ts Sura sunwenne | Wvaareumete tani anst er nr Samet SSNs noes: Remet @Y SO maificiihsrawesen ona SRR vey Nines a pee ee aR Stretching and Strengthening exercises protocol were given to these patients and 2 week follow up was given to each patient and after that reassessed then for any change in range of motion and AIMS-Il for both right and left hand joints and wrist joint.
SEER Sm eR) Wears mmmsceeameeer ts Sura sunwenne | Wvaareumete tani anst er nr Samet SSNs noes: Remet @Y SO maificiihsrawesen ona SRR vey Nines a pee ee aR Stretching and Strengthening exercises protocol were given to these patients and 2 week follow up was given to each patient and after that reassessed then for any change in range of motion and AIMS-Il for both right and left hand joints and wrist joint.
In the sitting position - patient was asked to grasp a rolling pin and roll it forwards and backwards on the thighs.
In the sitting position - patient was asked to grasp a rolling pin and roll it forwards and backwards on the thighs.
Fig. 2 : Universal Goniometer Fig. 3 : Measurement of range of movement
Fig. 2 : Universal Goniometer Fig. 3 : Measurement of range of movement
Mridu Agrawal / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.1
Mridu Agrawal / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.1
Fig. 1: Instrumentation used Lastly, ROM of neck side flexion and pain level is taken. Fig. 7 : Ultrasonic therapy
Fig. 1: Instrumentation used Lastly, ROM of neck side flexion and pain level is taken. Fig. 7 : Ultrasonic therapy
Fig.6 : Ischemic compression through elbow
Fig.6 : Ischemic compression through elbow
PU: Picking Up
PU: Picking Up
Graph 2: Before and After ROM in PU group
Graph 2: Before and After ROM in PU group
Graph 3: Change in VAS in IC group
Graph 3: Change in VAS in IC group
IC: Ischemic Compression
IC: Ischemic Compression
Subject performing tuck-jump After completion of the phase II, mid-term readings of all the baseline parameters for the subjects (both control and experimental group) were taken.
Subject performing tuck-jump After completion of the phase II, mid-term readings of all the baseline parameters for the subjects (both control and experimental group) were taken.
Table 1: comparison of pre-training and mid-training mean values of various parameters in training and control grour
Table 1: comparison of pre-training and mid-training mean values of various parameters in training and control grour
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Table 2 : comparison of mid-training and post-training mean values of various parameters in training and control group
Table 2 : comparison of mid-training and post-training mean values of various parameters in training and control group
Table 3 : comparison of post-training and pre-training mean values of various parameters in training and control grou
Table 3 : comparison of post-training and pre-training mean values of various parameters in training and control grou
Table 4 : comparison of mean values of improvement score of various parameters between training and control grout
Table 4 : comparison of mean values of improvement score of various parameters between training and control grout
Table 1: Comparison of mean of pre and post protocol readings of Autonomic Variables of the Experimental Group 1 (n=13)
Table 1: Comparison of mean of pre and post protocol readings of Autonomic Variables of the Experimental Group 1 (n=13)
Table 2 : Comparison of mean of pre and post protocol readings of Autonomic Variables of the Experimental Group 2 (n=13)
Table 2 : Comparison of mean of pre and post protocol readings of Autonomic Variables of the Experimental Group 2 (n=13)
Table 3.1 : Comparison of Control Group with Experimenta Group 1
Table 3.1 : Comparison of Control Group with Experimenta Group 1
Graph 1: Showing Mean and SD of Pre and Post Protocol readings of the Experimental Group Table 2 compares the mean and standard deviation of pre and post protocol readings of autonomic variables in 13 subjects of Experimental Group 2 (Meditation + Autogenic Training group). The comparison revealed that in the present study Autogenic Training showed significant effect on Respiratory Rate, Heart Rate and GSR but no significant change was seen on the Blood Pressure.
Graph 1: Showing Mean and SD of Pre and Post Protocol readings of the Experimental Group Table 2 compares the mean and standard deviation of pre and post protocol readings of autonomic variables in 13 subjects of Experimental Group 2 (Meditation + Autogenic Training group). The comparison revealed that in the present study Autogenic Training showed significant effect on Respiratory Rate, Heart Rate and GSR but no significant change was seen on the Blood Pressure.
Graph 2 : Showing Mean and SD of Pre and Post Protocol readings of the Experimental Group 2
Graph 2 : Showing Mean and SD of Pre and Post Protocol readings of the Experimental Group 2
Table 3.2 : Comparison of Control Group with Experimental Group 2
Table 3.2 : Comparison of Control Group with Experimental Group 2
Table 4 : ANOVA for comparison between the Post-P rotocol readings of all variables of the Control Group, Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2
Table 4 : ANOVA for comparison between the Post-P rotocol readings of all variables of the Control Group, Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2
Table 3.3 : Comparison of Experimental Group 1 with Experimental Group 2
Table 3.3 : Comparison of Experimental Group 1 with Experimental Group 2
Graph 3.1 : Showing comparison of Mean and SD of readings of Control Group and Experimental Group 1
Graph 3.1 : Showing comparison of Mean and SD of readings of Control Group and Experimental Group 1
Comparison of Experimental Group 1 (Meditation Group) with Experimental Group 2 (Meditation + Autogenic Group)
Comparison of Experimental Group 1 (Meditation Group) with Experimental Group 2 (Meditation + Autogenic Group)
Graph 3.3 : Showing comparison of Mean and SD of readings of Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2
Graph 3.3 : Showing comparison of Mean and SD of readings of Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Table 5 : Post Hoc Scheffe
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Table 5 : Post Hoc Scheffe
Graph 4 : Showing comparison in between the variables of the three groups
Graph 4 : Showing comparison in between the variables of the three groups
Table and figure: Comparison between pre-test and post st values of FuglMeyer Assessment between the groups Before the intervention the median motor activity log (amount of use) score for the mental imagery group patients was 3.37+40.34. After the intervention, the mental imagery group's median motor activity log (Amount of Use) score was 4.12+0.56. Median motor activity log (Amount of Use) score for control patients before the intervention was 3.36+0.49; the post- intervention score was 3.3640.49.
Table and figure: Comparison between pre-test and post st values of FuglMeyer Assessment between the groups Before the intervention the median motor activity log (amount of use) score for the mental imagery group patients was 3.37+40.34. After the intervention, the mental imagery group's median motor activity log (Amount of Use) score was 4.12+0.56. Median motor activity log (Amount of Use) score for control patients before the intervention was 3.36+0.49; the post- intervention score was 3.3640.49.
Before the intervention the median motor activity log (quality of movement) score for the mental imagery group patients was 3.37+0.34. After the intervention, the mental imagery group’s median motor activity log (Quality of Movement) score was 3.91+0.39. Median motor activity log (Quality of Movement) score for control patients before the intervention was 3.00+0.53; the post-intervention score was 3.50+0.59. Table and figure: Comparison between pre-test and post- est values of motor activity log( quality of movement) between the groups.
Before the intervention the median motor activity log (quality of movement) score for the mental imagery group patients was 3.37+0.34. After the intervention, the mental imagery group’s median motor activity log (Quality of Movement) score was 3.91+0.39. Median motor activity log (Quality of Movement) score for control patients before the intervention was 3.00+0.53; the post-intervention score was 3.50+0.59. Table and figure: Comparison between pre-test and post- est values of motor activity log( quality of movement) between the groups.
* represents significance at < 0.05 Table 1 : Mean diffrence between pre and post therapy values of various parameters in control group.
* represents significance at < 0.05 Table 1 : Mean diffrence between pre and post therapy values of various parameters in control group.
Table 3 : Post therapy values between control and expremetal groups
Table 3 : Post therapy values between control and expremetal groups
Table 2 : Mean diffrence between pre and post therapy values of various parameters in experimental groups.
Table 2 : Mean diffrence between pre and post therapy values of various parameters in experimental groups.
Graph 1: Graphical representation of vo2 max in control and expermental groups Graph 2: Graphical representation of 6mwd in control and expermental groups.
Graph 1: Graphical representation of vo2 max in control and expermental groups Graph 2: Graphical representation of 6mwd in control and expermental groups.
Graph 3: Graphical representation of qol in control and experimental groups.
Graph 3: Graphical representation of qol in control and experimental groups.
Discussion
Discussion
Deep Transverse Friction Massage
Deep Transverse Friction Massage
Isometric Ex. (Holding In Neutral Position)
Isometric Ex. (Holding In Neutral Position)
INSTRUCTIONS & EXERCISE PROGRAMME (BOTH THE GROUPS)
INSTRUCTIONS & EXERCISE PROGRAMME (BOTH THE GROUPS)
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Table 1:
Table 1:
Table 2 : Between Group Comparisons No Significant Difference between the groups for no. o treatment sessions (VAS).
Table 2 : Between Group Comparisons No Significant Difference between the groups for no. o treatment sessions (VAS).
Table 4 : Between Groups - Comparison No Significant Difference between the groups for Pain Free rip Strength
Table 4 : Between Groups - Comparison No Significant Difference between the groups for Pain Free rip Strength
Significant Difference with in group, for Pain - Free grip strength.
Significant Difference with in group, for Pain - Free grip strength.
Table 5 : Between Groups - Comparison Significant Difference in Dash Scores.
Table 5 : Between Groups - Comparison Significant Difference in Dash Scores.
Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation And T-value Of Males And Females On I.q And Mmse Total number of children is 211. The results found was highly significant at .01 level for Intelligence quotient and at .05 level for Mini Mental State Examination total score
Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation And T-value Of Males And Females On I.q And Mmse Total number of children is 211. The results found was highly significant at .01 level for Intelligence quotient and at .05 level for Mini Mental State Examination total score
Total number of children from 6-12 years of age where total children are 211 in number. The results found to be highly significant at .01 levels. Table 5 : Correlation of |.Q and MMSE of total children.
Total number of children from 6-12 years of age where total children are 211 in number. The results found to be highly significant at .01 levels. Table 5 : Correlation of |.Q and MMSE of total children.
Group 1 from 6-9 years of age where the total number of children are 121. The results found to be highly significant at .01 level Table 3 : Correlation of |.Q and MMSE for Group 1
Group 1 from 6-9 years of age where the total number of children are 121. The results found to be highly significant at .01 level Table 3 : Correlation of |.Q and MMSE for Group 1
Group 2 from 10-12 years of age where the total number of children are 90. The results found to be highly significant at .01 level. Table 4: Correlation of |.Q and MMSE for group 2
Group 2 from 10-12 years of age where the total number of children are 90. The results found to be highly significant at .01 level. Table 4: Correlation of |.Q and MMSE for group 2
Fig. 1 : Correlation between |.Q. and MMSE for Males and Females
Fig. 1 : Correlation between |.Q. and MMSE for Males and Females
Group 1: 6-9 years, Group 2: 10 -12 years, Blue colour :I.Q, Red colour: MMSE Fig. 3 : Showing Correlation between |.Q and MMSE of Total children from age group 6-12 years.
Group 1: 6-9 years, Group 2: 10 -12 years, Blue colour :I.Q, Red colour: MMSE Fig. 3 : Showing Correlation between |.Q and MMSE of Total children from age group 6-12 years.
Discussion
Discussion
Note: *p <0.01.ROM= Range of Motion, MVIC= Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction Table 2 : Associations Between Balance and Foot and Ankle Characteristics (Pearson’s r)
Note: *p <0.01.ROM= Range of Motion, MVIC= Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction Table 2 : Associations Between Balance and Foot and Ankle Characteristics (Pearson’s r)
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Fig. 3.2 : Rockport one mile walk test
Fig. 3.2 : Rockport one mile walk test
Discussion Graph 4,2 : Mean & Standard Deviation of Rockport 1mile walk test
Discussion Graph 4,2 : Mean & Standard Deviation of Rockport 1mile walk test
Table 1: Mean and SD of the Variables (Gait Speed, Cadence and Step Length) for Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Table 1: Mean and SD of the Variables (Gait Speed, Cadence and Step Length) for Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Table 2 : ANOVA for the variables (Gait Speed, Cadence and Step Length) between Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Table 2 : ANOVA for the variables (Gait Speed, Cadence and Step Length) between Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Graph 1: Mean and SD of the Variable Gait Speed for Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Graph 1: Mean and SD of the Variable Gait Speed for Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Graph 2 : Mean and SD of the Variable Cadence for Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Graph 2 : Mean and SD of the Variable Cadence for Condition 1, Condition 2 and Condition 3
Fig.1: Procedure of PA Mobilisation During initial session, postural advises such as avoiding lifting, adopting correct sitting posture, squat lifting, and use of hard mattress were given to all the subjects. Walking was prescribed to each subject for aerobic conditioning. Subjects also performed 3-5 repetitions of flexibility exercises with each leg over 4 weeks. The stretch of each exercise was held for 20- 30 seconds. The progressive 4-week core stabilization exercise protocol was followed by all the subjects. It consisted of 10
Fig.1: Procedure of PA Mobilisation During initial session, postural advises such as avoiding lifting, adopting correct sitting posture, squat lifting, and use of hard mattress were given to all the subjects. Walking was prescribed to each subject for aerobic conditioning. Subjects also performed 3-5 repetitions of flexibility exercises with each leg over 4 weeks. The stretch of each exercise was held for 20- 30 seconds. The progressive 4-week core stabilization exercise protocol was followed by all the subjects. It consisted of 10
Outcome Measures
Outcome Measures
SD - Standard deviation *pd” 0.05 (significant) Table 1 : gives the details of the demographic variables and baseline data of pain and disability.
SD - Standard deviation *pd” 0.05 (significant) Table 1 : gives the details of the demographic variables and baseline data of pain and disability.
Fig. 3 : Comparison of Mean Scores of VAS between Group A and B Fig. 4: Comparison of Mean Scores of MODI between GroupA and B
Fig. 3 : Comparison of Mean Scores of VAS between Group A and B Fig. 4: Comparison of Mean Scores of MODI between GroupA and B
Table 5.1 : Demographic details of the subjects in experimental and conventional group.
Table 5.1 : Demographic details of the subjects in experimental and conventional group.
Fig. 2 : Starting position of MNT-1 slider’s neurodynamics
Fig. 2 : Starting position of MNT-1 slider’s neurodynamics
finger extension and elbow extension in the sequential manner. The elbow extension is stopped on the ‘first reported pain felt or aggravation of the resting pain” by the subject. This elbow extension range is recorded as range corresponding to P1 by an independent observer by an inclinometer.
finger extension and elbow extension in the sequential manner. The elbow extension is stopped on the ‘first reported pain felt or aggravation of the resting pain” by the subject. This elbow extension range is recorded as range corresponding to P1 by an independent observer by an inclinometer.
*denotes that Z-value is significant at p = 0.05, DVPP- Difference between pre-intervention(sessionl) and post- intervention(session5) of VAS scores, DEPP- Difference between pre-intervention(sessionl) and post-intervention(session5) of passive elbow extension ROM, DNDI-Difference between pre- intervention(sessionl) and post-intervention(session5) of NDI Scores, DCBSQ-Difference between pre-intervention(session1) and post-intervention(session5) of CBSQ scores. Table2 : Between the group comparison of VAS, elbow extension ROM, NDI and CBSQ scores using Mann Whitney U-Test Discussion
*denotes that Z-value is significant at p = 0.05, DVPP- Difference between pre-intervention(sessionl) and post- intervention(session5) of VAS scores, DEPP- Difference between pre-intervention(sessionl) and post-intervention(session5) of passive elbow extension ROM, DNDI-Difference between pre- intervention(sessionl) and post-intervention(session5) of NDI Scores, DCBSQ-Difference between pre-intervention(session1) and post-intervention(session5) of CBSQ scores. Table2 : Between the group comparison of VAS, elbow extension ROM, NDI and CBSQ scores using Mann Whitney U-Test Discussion
Results supine on the couch with the symptomatic upper limb in MNT-1 position with elbow in flexion as in fig 3. The therapist stood near the end of the plinth supporting the subject's head and neck. The subject was asked to follow the commands of the therapist for elbow movements. As the subject head was passively moved in translatory fashion towards the ipsilateral direction, the subject was asked to do elbow extension till the point of no increase in pain or minimally tolerated discomfort. The subject was then asked to flex the elbow while the therapist gave translatory glide till neutral. This oscillatory movement was done in three sets of ten repetitions each with a break of one min in between sets. At the end of intervention following a rest period of ten minutes, the subject was asked to mark his current pain intensity in the symptomatic area on VAS and therapist re- examined the subject by MNT-1 to ascertain and record any change in elbow extension range corresponding to P1. The same procedure was repeated for a total of five sessions over a period of seven days. After completion of treatment sessions, the subject was asked to refill CBSQ and NDI and corresponding disability scores were calculated and recorded.
Results supine on the couch with the symptomatic upper limb in MNT-1 position with elbow in flexion as in fig 3. The therapist stood near the end of the plinth supporting the subject's head and neck. The subject was asked to follow the commands of the therapist for elbow movements. As the subject head was passively moved in translatory fashion towards the ipsilateral direction, the subject was asked to do elbow extension till the point of no increase in pain or minimally tolerated discomfort. The subject was then asked to flex the elbow while the therapist gave translatory glide till neutral. This oscillatory movement was done in three sets of ten repetitions each with a break of one min in between sets. At the end of intervention following a rest period of ten minutes, the subject was asked to mark his current pain intensity in the symptomatic area on VAS and therapist re- examined the subject by MNT-1 to ascertain and record any change in elbow extension range corresponding to P1. The same procedure was repeated for a total of five sessions over a period of seven days. After completion of treatment sessions, the subject was asked to refill CBSQ and NDI and corresponding disability scores were calculated and recorded.
**denotes that Z-value is significant at p d” 0.01 Table 3 : Within the group comparison of Pre-Intervention (Session1) and Post-Intervention (Session 5) values of variables i Experimental and conventional group using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
**denotes that Z-value is significant at p d” 0.01 Table 3 : Within the group comparison of Pre-Intervention (Session1) and Post-Intervention (Session 5) values of variables i Experimental and conventional group using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Table 2: Mean and SD of pre and post readings of knee flexion range of motion Table 1 : Age and duration of immobilization in both groups
Table 2: Mean and SD of pre and post readings of knee flexion range of motion Table 1 : Age and duration of immobilization in both groups
joint mobilization techniques to improve knee flexion range of motion. J oint mobilization techniques included oscillatory and sustained capsular stretch in the direction of restricted motion and accessory motion of posterior glide of tibia over femur according to Concavo- Convex rule.
joint mobilization techniques to improve knee flexion range of motion. J oint mobilization techniques included oscillatory and sustained capsular stretch in the direction of restricted motion and accessory motion of posterior glide of tibia over femur according to Concavo- Convex rule.
Data Analysis and Results Figure 1: Showing technique of Mettler’s Release
Data Analysis and Results Figure 1: Showing technique of Mettler’s Release
Figure 3: showing the subject wise reading in both groups fee ee See Y-axis knee flexion range of motion in degrees
Figure 3: showing the subject wise reading in both groups fee ee See Y-axis knee flexion range of motion in degrees
Figure 2: Knee flexion range of motion at different time points 1-Baseline, 2-Postl, 3-Post2, 4-Post3, 5-Post4, 6-Post5
Figure 2: Knee flexion range of motion at different time points 1-Baseline, 2-Postl, 3-Post2, 4-Post3, 5-Post4, 6-Post5
Muscle Stimulator was used at Direct Current mode with point electrode as the cathode and plate electrode as the anode’. Subjects were explained that they would experience “burning” sensation and are supposed to reportas “feeling”, “yes” or “lagta hai” as soon as they just begin to perceive the sensation. They were made to experience the kind of sensation that is expected to be elicited. After the instructions were given to the subjects, the skin resistance over the dorsum as well as plantar aspect of the foot was reduced with the help of cotton and water. The inactive electrode is secured by Velcro straps to the medial aspect of leg and active electrode is applied to the 6 chosen sites in the foot. Gradually the intensity of current is raised until the patient can just start to perceive the sensation. Intensity at the point at which he/she begins to perceive the sensation is recorded. Three readings are taken from each site and average of the 3 is considered. ee ee ee es es ee: ee a | en
Muscle Stimulator was used at Direct Current mode with point electrode as the cathode and plate electrode as the anode’. Subjects were explained that they would experience “burning” sensation and are supposed to reportas “feeling”, “yes” or “lagta hai” as soon as they just begin to perceive the sensation. They were made to experience the kind of sensation that is expected to be elicited. After the instructions were given to the subjects, the skin resistance over the dorsum as well as plantar aspect of the foot was reduced with the help of cotton and water. The inactive electrode is secured by Velcro straps to the medial aspect of leg and active electrode is applied to the 6 chosen sites in the foot. Gradually the intensity of current is raised until the patient can just start to perceive the sensation. Intensity at the point at which he/she begins to perceive the sensation is recorded. Three readings are taken from each site and average of the 3 is considered. ee ee ee es es ee: ee a | en
Correlation between Onset of Diabetes and rise in Sensory Threshold
Correlation between Onset of Diabetes and rise in Sensory Threshold
Table 2 : Comparison of the Bone Mineral Density Mean Values of Control and Study Groups
Table 2 : Comparison of the Bone Mineral Density Mean Values of Control and Study Groups
Table 1 : Physical Characteristics (Mean, SD) of Children (n = 30).
Table 1 : Physical Characteristics (Mean, SD) of Children (n = 30).
Fig. 4: Figure showing inner space of ATM room Fig 3: Figure showing height of key board and computer screen
Fig. 4: Figure showing inner space of ATM room Fig 3: Figure showing height of key board and computer screen
Fig. 2 : Figure showing there is no flat and stable floor at the end of the ramp
Fig. 2 : Figure showing there is no flat and stable floor at the end of the ramp
Fig. 6 : FACT-V: An easy to use ATM °
Fig. 6 : FACT-V: An easy to use ATM °
Fig. 5 : An Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Suitable for persons using wheel chair?
Fig. 5 : An Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Suitable for persons using wheel chair?
Discussion
Discussion
Table 1: Patient demographics
Table 1: Patient demographics
Table 2 : Demographics of physiotherapists Discussion
Table 2 : Demographics of physiotherapists Discussion
Figure 1 : Associations between patient satisfaction, physiotherapist job satisfaction and emotional quotient of physiotherapist. physiotherapist. Although quality of care focuses on personal knowledge, skills and expertise of therapists, itmay also depend on the job satisfaction of treating physiotherapist. However, in the present study, we found that there was no significant co- relationship between physiotherapist’s job satisfaction, emotional quotient and their patient satisfaction.
Figure 1 : Associations between patient satisfaction, physiotherapist job satisfaction and emotional quotient of physiotherapist. physiotherapist. Although quality of care focuses on personal knowledge, skills and expertise of therapists, itmay also depend on the job satisfaction of treating physiotherapist. However, in the present study, we found that there was no significant co- relationship between physiotherapist’s job satisfaction, emotional quotient and their patient satisfaction.
Table 1 : Distribution of subjects as per socio-bio- demographic profile Table 1 reveals that the subjects studied were distributed into the categories of age, gender and BMI. The findings show that maximum number of subjects be N=longed to age group 60-70 years (78%) followed by the age group 70-80 years (18%). According to gender maximum subjects were females (58%) while males were (42%). According to BMI maximum patients carried normal weight (48%) while 40% were overweight followed by 12% obese patients.
Table 1 : Distribution of subjects as per socio-bio- demographic profile Table 1 reveals that the subjects studied were distributed into the categories of age, gender and BMI. The findings show that maximum number of subjects be N=longed to age group 60-70 years (78%) followed by the age group 70-80 years (18%). According to gender maximum subjects were females (58%) while males were (42%). According to BMI maximum patients carried normal weight (48%) while 40% were overweight followed by 12% obese patients.
There was a significant difference of ankle dorsiflexion (active and passive), plantar flexion (active and passive), subtalar inversion and eversion between groups A & B.
There was a significant difference of ankle dorsiflexion (active and passive), plantar flexion (active and passive), subtalar inversion and eversion between groups A & B.
Table 1: Mean score of the anthropometric measurements of the both groups.
Table 1: Mean score of the anthropometric measurements of the both groups.
Correlations of function reach values with range of motion for group A and Group B
Correlations of function reach values with range of motion for group A and Group B
Tanwir Ahmad / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.1
Tanwir Ahmad / Indian J ournal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. J an-Mar., 2012, Vol.6, No.1
Fig. 7 : Modified Ashworth Scores Discussion
Fig. 7 : Modified Ashworth Scores Discussion
Fig. 9: Location and Type of Edema There has been very little retrospective and prospective study on CRPS-1 ona homogenous group of patients such as post CVA hemiplegic patients. This study was designed to know the association of CRPS-1 with a variety of precipitating factors post stroke. Statistics on the incidence of CRPS-1 in stroke is conflicting (2%-70%) in this sample 4 patients (3-Male, 1- Female) met the criteria of Probable CRPS-1, One met the criteria for doubtful CRPS-1(male) and one (female) met the criteria for definite CRPS-1.This total incidence is fairly similar to historically accepted 12.5% incidence of CRPS-1 in stroke?3. The incidence of definite CRPS-1 in this sample matches to Petchkura et el study of 1.56% incidence of CRPS-1 in stroke.}3 Table 9:
Fig. 9: Location and Type of Edema There has been very little retrospective and prospective study on CRPS-1 ona homogenous group of patients such as post CVA hemiplegic patients. This study was designed to know the association of CRPS-1 with a variety of precipitating factors post stroke. Statistics on the incidence of CRPS-1 in stroke is conflicting (2%-70%) in this sample 4 patients (3-Male, 1- Female) met the criteria of Probable CRPS-1, One met the criteria for doubtful CRPS-1(male) and one (female) met the criteria for definite CRPS-1.This total incidence is fairly similar to historically accepted 12.5% incidence of CRPS-1 in stroke?3. The incidence of definite CRPS-1 in this sample matches to Petchkura et el study of 1.56% incidence of CRPS-1 in stroke.}3 Table 9:
Table 1 : Correlation between mercury sphygmomanometer and martin vigorimeter in the right hand *- P<0.05 level significant.
Table 1 : Correlation between mercury sphygmomanometer and martin vigorimeter in the right hand *- P<0.05 level significant.
Table 4: Correlation between right and left hands individually using martin vigorimeter.
Table 4: Correlation between right and left hands individually using martin vigorimeter.
Table 3 : Correlation between right and left hands Individually using mercury sphygmomanometer.
Table 3 : Correlation between right and left hands Individually using mercury sphygmomanometer.
Table 5 : One way anova test for comparing the age groups individually with mercury sphygmomanometer
Table 5 : One way anova test for comparing the age groups individually with mercury sphygmomanometer
Table 2 : Correlation between mercury sphygmomanometer and martin vigorimeter in the left hand TP NYS TE VET SIG THT Git. The above table shows the measurements taken by the Mercury Sphygmomanometer and the Martin Vigorimeter in the left hand. The three age groups showed a mean value of 58.0 and standard deviation of 20.9 in children (Group 1), a mean value of 72.68 and standard deviation of 21.75 in Adult (Group 2) and mean value of 57.49 and standard deviation of 17.40 in Elderly (Group 3) using the Mercury Spohygmomanometer.
Table 2 : Correlation between mercury sphygmomanometer and martin vigorimeter in the left hand TP NYS TE VET SIG THT Git. The above table shows the measurements taken by the Mercury Sphygmomanometer and the Martin Vigorimeter in the left hand. The three age groups showed a mean value of 58.0 and standard deviation of 20.9 in children (Group 1), a mean value of 72.68 and standard deviation of 21.75 in Adult (Group 2) and mean value of 57.49 and standard deviation of 17.40 in Elderly (Group 3) using the Mercury Spohygmomanometer.
Discussion Vigorimeter has proved a high positive correlation. Table 6 : One way anova test for comparing the age groups individually with martin vigorimeter VIQOTIMEeter NaS PlOVEA d NIQN POsitve COMelation. Thirdly, itis found that grip strength varies with age that is there is a steady increase in grip strength from younger to older children and grip strength decreased thereafter steadily with increasing age from Adults to Elderly.
Discussion Vigorimeter has proved a high positive correlation. Table 6 : One way anova test for comparing the age groups individually with martin vigorimeter VIQOTIMEeter NaS PlOVEA d NIQN POsitve COMelation. Thirdly, itis found that grip strength varies with age that is there is a steady increase in grip strength from younger to older children and grip strength decreased thereafter steadily with increasing age from Adults to Elderly.
Immediately after the interventions, it was found that his pain on active left shoulder external rotation got decreased from 8.3/10 to 6.5/10 (21.68%) on visual analogue scale and active shoulder external rotation improved from 38 degree to 52 degree (36.84%). Subjectively patient reported that, it was one of the best technique done on his shoulder and he never realised that he has pain in the muscle that was treated.
Immediately after the interventions, it was found that his pain on active left shoulder external rotation got decreased from 8.3/10 to 6.5/10 (21.68%) on visual analogue scale and active shoulder external rotation improved from 38 degree to 52 degree (36.84%). Subjectively patient reported that, it was one of the best technique done on his shoulder and he never realised that he has pain in the muscle that was treated.
Fig. 2 : Immediate pain relief after subscapularis release Fig. 3 : Improvement in active extrenal rotation
Fig. 2 : Immediate pain relief after subscapularis release Fig. 3 : Improvement in active extrenal rotation
Fig. 4: Immediate increase of range of motion Discussion
Fig. 4: Immediate increase of range of motion Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Table 2 : Pre and post treatment scores of Trunk Impairment Scale aspects when weight is shifted in any plane, the trunk responds with a movementto counteractthe change in the centre of gravity. Training on Swiss ball as a change in the surface stability may influence trunk muscle activity due to different biomechanical demands of the exercises and also influence anticipatory postural adjustment which may improve the trunk performance.
Table 2 : Pre and post treatment scores of Trunk Impairment Scale aspects when weight is shifted in any plane, the trunk responds with a movementto counteractthe change in the centre of gravity. Training on Swiss ball as a change in the surface stability may influence trunk muscle activity due to different biomechanical demands of the exercises and also influence anticipatory postural adjustment which may improve the trunk performance.
ee eS eee 10% of BPT final year students and interns did not want to continue with their profession as depicted in fig.3.
ee eS eee 10% of BPT final year students and interns did not want to continue with their profession as depicted in fig.3.
Table 1 : Composite Indian Functional Knee Assessment Scale (CIFKAS) Table 2 : Proprioceptive Knee acuity Assessment score
Table 1 : Composite Indian Functional Knee Assessment Scale (CIFKAS) Table 2 : Proprioceptive Knee acuity Assessment score
*ROM =Range of Motion, *MMT= Manual Muscle Strength (MRC Scale) *MRC Scale = Medical Research council scale
*ROM =Range of Motion, *MMT= Manual Muscle Strength (MRC Scale) *MRC Scale = Medical Research council scale
Table 5 : Showing Pain and functional assessment scores (Pre and post intervention)
Table 5 : Showing Pain and functional assessment scores (Pre and post intervention)
Table 4 : Showing gait parameters (Pre and post intervention)
Table 4 : Showing gait parameters (Pre and post intervention)
Conclusion
Conclusion
Table 1.1 : Comparison of changes in intensity of dyspnea between group 1 and group 2
Table 1.1 : Comparison of changes in intensity of dyspnea between group 1 and group 2
Table 3.1: Comparison of change in self perception of mastery between group 1 and group 2
Table 3.1: Comparison of change in self perception of mastery between group 1 and group 2
not complete the rehabilitation program. A total of 40 subjects completed the 3 week rehabilitation program who were recruited from out-patient departments of various hospitals in and around Mangalore.
not complete the rehabilitation program. A total of 40 subjects completed the 3 week rehabilitation program who were recruited from out-patient departments of various hospitals in and around Mangalore.
Bar diagram 2.2: Comparison of the mean levels of fatigue of the two rehabilitation groups.
Bar diagram 2.2: Comparison of the mean levels of fatigue of the two rehabilitation groups.
Bar diagram 1.2 : Comparison of intensity of dyspnea between the two rehabilitation groups. Table 2.1 : Comparison of the changes in the levels of fatigue experienced by the subjects between the two groups.
Bar diagram 1.2 : Comparison of intensity of dyspnea between the two rehabilitation groups. Table 2.1 : Comparison of the changes in the levels of fatigue experienced by the subjects between the two groups.
Bar diagram 3.2 : Comparison of self perception of mastery between the rehabilitation groups Table 4.1 : Comparison of emotional function between the two rehabilitation groups
Bar diagram 3.2 : Comparison of self perception of mastery between the rehabilitation groups Table 4.1 : Comparison of emotional function between the two rehabilitation groups
Fig 1: Obesity leads to alterations of lung volumes. Altered biomechanics of respiration in obese®
Fig 1: Obesity leads to alterations of lung volumes. Altered biomechanics of respiration in obese®
Table 1: Basic characteristics of the study
Table 1: Basic characteristics of the study
Table 2 : Comparison of correlations between BMI and WC to FVC, FEV, and PEF
Table 2 : Comparison of correlations between BMI and WC to FVC, FEV, and PEF
Figure shows the slope of FVC to WC. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between FVC and WC with correlation co-efficient = - 0.8487 Camnanriconn af corralatinn hathyaan RMI! and FVC Comparison of correlation between WC and FVC
Figure shows the slope of FVC to WC. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between FVC and WC with correlation co-efficient = - 0.8487 Camnanriconn af corralatinn hathyaan RMI! and FVC Comparison of correlation between WC and FVC
Comparison of correlation between WC and FEV,
Comparison of correlation between WC and FEV,
Figure shows the slope of FVC to BMI. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between FVC and BMI with correlation co-efficient = -0.6613 Comparison of correlation between BMI and FVC
Figure shows the slope of FVC to BMI. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between FVC and BMI with correlation co-efficient = -0.6613 Comparison of correlation between BMI and FVC
Figure shows the slope of FEV, to BMI. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between FEV, and BMI with correlation co-efficient = -0.4717 Comparison of correlation between BMI and FEV,
Figure shows the slope of FEV, to BMI. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between FEV, and BMI with correlation co-efficient = -0.4717 Comparison of correlation between BMI and FEV,
Comparison of correlation between BMI and PEF Figure shows the slope of PEF to BMI. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between PEF and BMI with correlation co-efficient = -0.742
Comparison of correlation between BMI and PEF Figure shows the slope of PEF to BMI. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between PEF and BMI with correlation co-efficient = -0.742
Figure shows the slope of PEF to WC. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between PEF and WC with correlation co-efficient = -0.9167 Comparison of correlation between WC and PEF
Figure shows the slope of PEF to WC. The graph shows an inverse linear relationship between PEF and WC with correlation co-efficient = -0.9167 Comparison of correlation between WC and PEF
Table 3: Comparisons of regression co-efficient b (i)
Table 3: Comparisons of regression co-efficient b (i)
Table 4: Comparison of r - squared Comparison of r squared: - Comparing the values of r squared, it has been seen that proportion of variation in respiratory function parameters were more for variation in waist circumference than for variation in BMI. This study shows that there is a significant negative correlation of waist circumference and BMI on respiratory function. And the waist circumference has shown more correlation than BMI to respiratory function. (Table 4)
Table 4: Comparison of r - squared Comparison of r squared: - Comparing the values of r squared, it has been seen that proportion of variation in respiratory function parameters were more for variation in waist circumference than for variation in BMI. This study shows that there is a significant negative correlation of waist circumference and BMI on respiratory function. And the waist circumference has shown more correlation than BMI to respiratory function. (Table 4)
Table Il: EMG - IP in GroupA Results
Table Il: EMG - IP in GroupA Results
Table IV : EMG - IP between Group A and Group B
Table IV : EMG - IP between Group A and Group B
Table Ill : EMG - interference patten in Group B The paired t-value 10.84 was greater than the tabulated paired t-value of 2.26. The pre test mean was 28.5 and the post test mean was 37.7 and the mean difference was 9.2, which showed the increased activity of IP of upper trapezius MFPS in response to PIR technique.
Table Ill : EMG - interference patten in Group B The paired t-value 10.84 was greater than the tabulated paired t-value of 2.26. The pre test mean was 28.5 and the post test mean was 37.7 and the mean difference was 9.2, which showed the increased activity of IP of upper trapezius MFPS in response to PIR technique.
The paired t-value of 14.14 was greater than the tabulated paired t-value of 2.26. The pre test mean was 28.6 and the post test mean was 42.5 and the mean difference was 13.9, which showed the increased activity of EMG IP of upper trapezius in patients with MFPS in response to combined therapy of PIR and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
The paired t-value of 14.14 was greater than the tabulated paired t-value of 2.26. The pre test mean was 28.6 and the post test mean was 42.5 and the mean difference was 13.9, which showed the increased activity of EMG IP of upper trapezius in patients with MFPS in response to combined therapy of PIR and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Graph 4: Visual Analogue Scale for Group A The paired tvalue of 29.6 was greater than the tabulated paired tvalue of 2.26. The pre test mean was 6.5 and the post test mean was 2.8 and the mean difference was 3.7, which The paired tvalue of 17.2 was greater than the tabulated paired t-value of 2.26. The pre test mean was 7.0 and the post test mean was 4.6 and the mean difference was 2.4, which showed reduction of pain due to PIR in patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome.
Graph 4: Visual Analogue Scale for Group A The paired tvalue of 29.6 was greater than the tabulated paired tvalue of 2.26. The pre test mean was 6.5 and the post test mean was 2.8 and the mean difference was 3.7, which The paired tvalue of 17.2 was greater than the tabulated paired t-value of 2.26. The pre test mean was 7.0 and the post test mean was 4.6 and the mean difference was 2.4, which showed reduction of pain due to PIR in patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome.
Graph 3 : EMG IP between Group A & Group B The unpaired t-value of 3.75 was greater than the tabulated unpaired t-value of 2.10, which showed that there was statistically Significant difference at 0.05 level between mean difference of Group A and Group B. The pre Vs post test mean of group A was 9.2 and the pre Vs. post test mean of Group B was 14.0 and the mean difference of Group A and Group B was 4.8, which showed the increased activity of EMG IP of upper trapezius in patients with MFPS in response to treatment in Group B when compared to Group A.
Graph 3 : EMG IP between Group A & Group B The unpaired t-value of 3.75 was greater than the tabulated unpaired t-value of 2.10, which showed that there was statistically Significant difference at 0.05 level between mean difference of Group A and Group B. The pre Vs post test mean of group A was 9.2 and the pre Vs. post test mean of Group B was 14.0 and the mean difference of Group A and Group B was 4.8, which showed the increased activity of EMG IP of upper trapezius in patients with MFPS in response to treatment in Group B when compared to Group A.
Discussion Graph 6: Visual Analogue Scale Between Group A & Group B
Discussion Graph 6: Visual Analogue Scale Between Group A & Group B
Table VII: VAS in between Group A and Group B. showed the reduction of pain in response to combined therapy of PIR and TENS in upper trapezius MFPS.
Table VII: VAS in between Group A and Group B. showed the reduction of pain in response to combined therapy of PIR and TENS in upper trapezius MFPS.
MET for posterior Innominate
MET for posterior Innominate
Intervention in the conventional therapy group
Intervention in the conventional therapy group
When intergroup comparison for VAS scores was done, he intergroup differences were significant ata p value of <0.05.
When intergroup comparison for VAS scores was done, he intergroup differences were significant ata p value of <0.05.
2. Revised Oswestry Disability Index : There was a significant reduction in disability score in both the groups at p<0.01. Fiq.2 = Intragroin camnaricon for dicahility «core (%). Fig.4 : Intergroup comparison for Disability Score after 6" Day.
2. Revised Oswestry Disability Index : There was a significant reduction in disability score in both the groups at p<0.01. Fiq.2 = Intragroin camnaricon for dicahility «core (%). Fig.4 : Intergroup comparison for Disability Score after 6" Day.
Fig.2 : Intergroup comparison of VAS (cm) after 6" Day.
Fig.2 : Intergroup comparison of VAS (cm) after 6" Day.
Fig.5 : Intragroup comparison for apparent LLD (cm) . Fig.6 : Intergroup comparison for Apparent Functional LLD after6™Day.
Fig.5 : Intragroup comparison for apparent LLD (cm) . Fig.6 : Intergroup comparison for Apparent Functional LLD after6™Day.
The intergroup differences were highly significant at a p value of < 0.001.
The intergroup differences were highly significant at a p value of < 0.001.
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PhysiotherapyHuman Gait Analysis
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