Phisical Activity

Locomotor movement skills are movement skills that are often or even always performed by a person. During childhood, a child will start their locomotor activities through the family environment and then move on to the school environment through physical education. This study aims to measure the level of locomotor movement skills of students at the elementary school level. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. This study was attended by 46 students from elementary schools with the age of 9-10 years or grade 3 elementary school. The TGMD-2 instrument was used as a test instrument in this study. The results showed that locomotor movement skills were dominated by running skills. This result is proven by the number of students who obtained the maximum score of 31 students. In gallop skills, students experience obstacles with the acquisition of a minimum score of 19 students. Based on these results, students' locomotor movement skills obtained significant results in the run variable. Appropriate interventions still need to be carried out to improve locomotor skills in the gallop variable.

In March 2020 schools in Austria temporarily closed and switched to distance learning to contain the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). The resulting situation posed great challenges to teachers, guardians and students (Huber and Helm 2020). Research has shown that perceived competence (Deci and Ryan 2000) affects selfregulated learning (SRL), intrinsic motivation and procrastination, however few studies have considered these variables in context of distance learning among adolescents. This study investigated differences in students who perceived themselves as high vs. low in competence with respect to these constructs. In an online questionnaire, 2652 Austrian secondary school students answered closed questions regarding SRL, intrinsic motivation and procrastination as well as open-ended questions about challenges, successes and need for support in distance. Structural equation modeling was applied for the quantitative analysis which was complemented by thematic analysis for the...

Historically and culturally, a close connection has been built between the car and masculinity. This relationship is particularly evident in representations in advertisements. Masculinity is also commonly depicted as something that declines in old age. Based on these two presumptions, this study focuses on how elderly men construct the relationship between car and masculinity through car advertisements and how they construct their sense of masculinity. The specific aim of this research is to explore how elderly men in Türkiye construct the relationship between cars and masculinity through car advertisements. The general aim is to observe how elderly men construct their masculinity in the Turkish context. Using a qualitative methodology, two focus-group interviews were conducted with a total of eleven male participants over the age of sixty. The purposive sampling method of criterion sampling was used in the research. Data collected in Amasya, Türkiye, in July 2022 were analyzed using the qualitative-analysis software MAXQDA. According to the results of the research, elderly men see the car as a masculine object and as a primary/essential object for men; they also agree with the stereotype that a car adds some masculine characteristics to and/or reflects the masculinity of its owner. Yet they also associate reliable cars and a safe driving style with feminine characteristics and with old age. As a result, it can be said that elderly men in Türkiye experience a fluid, bricolage masculinity, shifting between different masculinities depending on the situation or context. These findings have the capacity to contribute to the formulation of numerous new research questions concerning the relationship between masculinity and ageing, an issue that has hitherto been largely overlooked in existing literature.

The aim of this research is to assess the physical activity (PA) and exercise motivation of the first year students from Rezeknes Augstskola. The study further explored the relationship between results of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and The Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire -BREQ-2. The initial sample of 110 students was reduced to 98 participants (26 males, 72 females). Mean age of participants -19.4±2.2 years. Findings show that 81.5% of the respondents are "high" physical active, 17% are "moderate" and 1.5% have "low" PA level. But only one third of respondents take part in leisure time activities. Intrinsic (10.9±3.87 points) and identified (8.9±2.92 points) motivation are the main behavioural regulation in exercise contexts for students. Respondents have low a motivation (2.35±2.08 points), external (1.45±2.35 points) and introjected (3.18±2.85 points) regulation score. The obtained data shows correlation between leisure time domain of PA and intrinsic regulation (Pearson Correlation r=0.284; p<0.05).

This article aims to provide an overview of high performance athletesstudents' dual career management opportunities in Latvian higher education institutions. This paper analyzes the scientific literature and high performance athletes' survey results. The authors in the paper explore and analyze the possibilities for high performance athletes to get an education and to improve their training process. This paper provides a theoretical overview and analysis of high performance athletes' survey results in respect of the subject. Analyzing high performance athletes' study process in a higher educational institution the authors conclude that the number of high performance athletesstudents in the first two years of study, that is respectively 19-21 years of age, which is the transition period from early youth to youth age group, have problems with carrying out the study plan. Students -athletes make multiple mistakes in the management functions in the study process: time planning, organizing, controlling, lack of motivation. High performance athletes have four important indicators for dual career: the learning environment, the sport environment, the support that they have, athletes' self-contribution in the dual career process. As a result, dual career management guidelines suited to successful management of high performance athletes' dual careers in Latvian higher educational institutions have been worked out.

EnglishThe objective of this work was to identify and to analyze the incidence of overweight and infantile obesity according antropometricos criterion of 183 with age scholars between 07 and 10 years old of a public school located in the district of Sousas­Campinas, being 49% male sex, and 51% of feminine sex. The antropometric scale Filizola with toesa was used for gauging of the measures, being of the weight inquired in kg with stature and the gauging capacity up to 150 kg in meters with hundredth houses. In folds cutaneous relation a compass of folds of Lange mark was used (Cambrigde Scientific instruments, USA), that it allows a reading with 1 mm of precision. After measures determination of corporal weight and stature was determined the coporal index mass (IMC) through the relation IMC = weigth/Stature. For results attainment of folds shunting line was calculated average and standard of the measures through the program BioEstat 3.0. Verified that in relation to corporeal index ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes in everyone’s life. Villages and rural areas are among the places where people have sought refuge in order to stay away from others and to be able to comply with government regulations during an emergency. Crisis conditions require the choice of means of communication, remote employment and self-help and self-support. Smart and strong communities or villages – this means more than only technologically and economically advanced communities – can be more successful in overcoming the crisis. This study analyses the characteristics of smart communities, the external factors influencing the functioning of these communities, as well as the specific circumstances caused by the first wave period of the Covid-19 pandemic (from March 2020 till June 2020). Collecting basic information on smart communities, external factors and special circumstances, and using the methods of analysis, comparison and drawing conclusions, the most important factors t...

Background/Objectives: General Self-Efficacy (GSE) refers to an individual's belief in their overall ability to perform effectively across various situations. Research shows that GSE is a key predictor of multiple outcomes, including psychological resilience, better health, and improved overall well-being across different populations and environments. Numerous tools have been developed to measure GSE, enhancing our understanding of self-efficacy and its broader implications. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES) in a community sample of adults recruited through social media platforms. Methods: The NGSES was adapted into Italian following the back-translation procedure. A total of 811 participants (mean = 43.18; 68.8% females) completed the scale. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factorial structure of the questionnaire. Adjusted item-total correlations and internal consistency were assessed using McDonald's omega. Additionally, multi-group CFA was used to test factorial invariance across gender. Results: The trimmed model exhibited a strong fit to the data: RMSEA = 0.068, CFI = 0.994, SRMR = 0.043. An omega coefficient of 0.872 confirmed the scale's strong reliability. Convergent validity was established by a moderate and significant correlation with the NGSES. Configural, metric, scalar, and latent means invariance across genders were all confirmed. Conclusions: The NGSES was found to be a valid and reliable tool, suitable for both clinical and research applications in the Italian context. It can also inform the development of educational and therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing GSE in the general population.

To date, only a few studies have evaluated the effect of physical activity on PWVcf in the elderly. In the current study, 21 community-dwelling women, with a mean age of 68.19 ± 5.72 years and a mean BMI of 28.63 ± 4.69 kg m À2 , participated in moderate physical activity sessions for 1 h per day and 2 days each week under the supervision of a qualified physical education instructor for a total of 24 weeks. At the beginning of the study, at 3 months and at 6 months, the study participants' body weight, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were recorded along with the participants' Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire. Total low-density-lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglycerides (TGs) and HbA1c; blood pressure (BP); and arterial stiffness, as determined by carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWVcf, PWVcr), were also assessed. During the follow-up period, the waist and SAD significantly decreased, whereas fat-free mass, BMI and weight did not decrease. A significant decline in TGs was observed. A significant decline in PWVcf, even after adjusting for mean arterial pressure, heart rate triglycerides and waist diameter changes, was observed. In a sub-analysis that examined the effect of physical activity separately in the hypertensive and normotensive subjects, we observed a significant decline in PWVcf in the hypertensive subjects and a nonsignificant tendency in the normotensive subjects. The data showed an association between light aerobic physical activity in the elderly and decreased PWVcf, even after adjusting for changes in systolic BP (SBP), TGs and central adiposity. These results suggest a beneficial effect of moderate physical activity on subclinical vascular damage, particularly in hypertensive subjects.

This article aims to provide an overview of high performance athletesstudents' dual career management opportunities in Latvian higher education institutions. This paper analyzes the scientific literature and high performance athletes' survey results. The authors in the paper explore and analyze the possibilities for high performance athletes to get an education and to improve their training process. This paper provides a theoretical overview and analysis of high performance athletes' survey results in respect of the subject. Analyzing high performance athletes' study process in a higher educational institution the authors conclude that the number of high performance athletesstudents in the first two years of study, that is respectively 19-21 years of age, which is the transition period from early youth to youth age group, have problems with carrying out the study plan. Students -athletes make multiple mistakes in the management functions in the study process: time planning, organizing, controlling, lack of motivation. High performance athletes have four important indicators for dual career: the learning environment, the sport environment, the support that they have, athletes' self-contribution in the dual career process. As a result, dual career management guidelines suited to successful management of high performance athletes' dual careers in Latvian higher educational institutions have been worked out.

Our article seeks to denounce bodily practices/ physical activities as another privilege in Brazil, refuting the hegemonic notion that physical activity practice is simply a choice in health care. To such purpose, we point out discursive evidence and practices influenced by the severe inequality conditions in the country. The toolbox used in this essay brought together Michel Foucault’s views on power relations, Jorge Larrosa’s perspective on essay writing, and the body of research of Collective Health. By assuming that privileges permeate the engagement in bodily practices/ physical activities, we place ourselves as advocates of public policies due to their access status. There is an urgent social challenge, namely, to create decent living conditions, to dramatically reduce inequalities, to strengthen actions towards health care as the right of all people. We concluded that bodily practices/physical activities are complex manifestations affected by the impositions of life. Conditio...

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências de Educação. Programa de Pós-graduação em EducaçãoA Campanha Esporte para Todos realizada no Brasil nos anos de 1977 à 1979 é o tema dessa dissertação. Inserida no contexto do regime militar que se estabeleceu no país nos períodos de 1964/1984, o EPT afina-se com o projeto desenvolvimentista do governo que, visando o progresso técnico- científico da nação vai investir em diversas áreas do conhecimento. A Educação Física/Esportes passam a ser entendidas como peça fundamental para o desenvolvimento da saúde dos cidadãos e premissa básica para à integração social. Partindo desse contexto faz-se necessário compreender como o argumento para a necessidade de uma campanha nacional de massificação do esporte foi política e historicamente construída e os seus desdobramentos na educação corporal dos indivíduos. Pesquisar o movimento Esporte para Todos e a constituição de uma pedagogia corporal no Brasil nas dé...

Background: This study aimed to compare well-being and physical activity (PA) before and during COVID-19 confinement in older adults with heart failure (HF), to compare well-being and PA during COVID-19 confinement in octogenarians and non-octogenarians, and to explore well-being, social support, attention to symptoms, and assistance needs during confinement in this population. Methods: A mixed-methods design was performed. Well-being (Cantril Ladder of Life) and PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed. Semi-structured interviews were performed to assess the rest of the variables. Results: 120 participants were evaluated (74.16 ± 12.90 years; octogenarians = 44.16%, non-octogenarians = 55.83%). Both groups showed lower well-being and performed less PA during confinement than before (p &lt; 0.001). Octogenarians reported lower well-being (p = 0.02), higher sedentary time (p = 0.03), and lower levels of moderate PA (p = 0.04) during confinement. Most individua...

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo entender a prática do cheerleading, em um grupo de estudantes da Universidade de Brasília. Tal modalidade esportiva vem se desenvolvendo espontaneamente entre os universitários, sem oferta comercial ou incentivo de professores. Como base teórica, fez-se uso da teoria da prática, uma vez que as rotinas dos estudantes vêm sendo construídas mediante as demandas iniciais de um esporte ainda em fase de nascimento no Brasil e, por conseguinte, em Brasília.

This article is based on the results of a survey conducted during the period from December 2020 to May 2021 involving 300 respondents in different countries: Italy, Spain, Hungary, Great Britain, the USA, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine, and African countries. The research was carried out on the basis of narrative case studies. In order to obtain an adequate methodological answer in regard to the focus of the research, which showed the personal and subjective views of the respondents, a qualitative approach using in-depth online interviews was desirable. Each interview lasted 90 minutes. The aim of the survey was to find out how designing your own online intervention program can help respondents alleviate their difficulties. It is based on human-centered approaches; methods of reducing stress; methods of strengthening the presence-focused mode; the so-called ‘here and now’ approach; and some relevant theses of Christian missiology and non-radicalized Islam that promote hu...

In what ways and to what extent has the Covid-19 pandemic affected the lives of children and young people in Europe by limiting their access to physical education and other types of physical activity, including sport? A review of the available, reported, evidence-based knowledge is provided with regards to physical activity and motor behaviour; psycho-social well-being; as well as effects on mental well-being. From a literature review, the main insights are extracted and placed in a wider policy context, including as regards EU-wide priorities regarding sports policy, health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) as well as public funding, including from the EU budget.

Background: Maintaining physical distancing is one of the most important steps to enforce in educational institutions to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. However, close proximity and physical contact between students are often considered ‘normal’ during physical education (PE) classes, making it challenging for PE teachers to ensure physical distancing. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of the Good Behaviour Game (GBG) in maintaining physical distancing in PE settings in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: In a quasi-experimental design, two groups were separately designated as an experimental group (20 classes involving 220 students) and a control group (20 classes involving 231 students). They were all enrolled in the eighth grade of the Tunisian education system. In the experimental group, the PE teacher managed physical distancing by administering the GBG. Physical distancing was evaluated by direct observation of vi...

The beginning of Covid 19 and the establishment of restrictions to curb the development of the pandemic on the territory of Latvia have led to the changing of the lives of the youth, including their physical exercise and study habits and practices. This article investigates the role of physical activities training for young males and females and their choice of teaching platforms by different genders. The study methodology encompasses critical examination of previous research conducted on Generation Z, gender differences and the significance of physical exercise and sports in for the youth combined with statistical evaluation and assessment of primary survey data. Compare with previous articles this article is constituted by its identification of the way in which gender differences influenced changes in physical activity and in which attitudes towards healthy lifestyles and physical activity changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of the study observed substanti...

Resumo Objetivo: apresentar conceitos relacionados à avaliação do crescimento, ressaltando os aspectos da avaliação do indivíduo. Fontes dos dados: o artigo foi desenvolvido tomando como base as publicações que discutem a aplicação da antropometria na avaliação do estado nutricional, publicadas pela OMS, artigos originais e capítulos de livros com esse mesmo conteúdo, e as críticas que os auxologistas fazem a esse tipo de avaliação, quando aplicadas individualmente. Síntese dos dados: são apresentados conceitos de referência, maturidade esquelética, alvo parental, escore z, baixa estatura, velocidade de crescimento, índice de massa corporal e seus pressupostos e limitações. Conclusões: a avaliação do estado nutricional de populações baseia-se em pontos de corte, partindo do pressuposto de que quem está abaixo ou acima daquele ponto apresenta um problema nutricional. A avaliação clínica baseia-se na idéia de variabilidade, e que esta pode ser tanto biológica quanto social, e cabe ao clínico estabelecer se a criança está dentro ou fora de determinados parâmetros e se tem um crescimento, ou um diagnóstico nutricional, normais. Ao acompanhar o crescimento de uma criança ou adolescente, o parâmetro mais importante a ser considerado é a velocidade de crescimento.

HEIDI HILDEGARD MONKEN FERNANDES PACHECO (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); FERNANDA MUSSI GAZOLLA JANNUZZI (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); DANIELA RABELLO FRANCO (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); MARIANA BRANDÃO GRECO (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); GABRIELA LEME VASCONCELLOS (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); MARIA EDUARDA CALDAS RABHA TOSTO (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); THIAGO TAUCEI PANIZZI (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); ANA PAULA VILLAÇA SIMÕES (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS); BRUNA NOGUEIRA WERNER (HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL JESUS)

Shared participation in arousing recreational experiences, such as those involving the outdoors, contributes positively to well-being, relationship health, and human needfulfillment. However, people often face barriers which hinder contact with nature and participation in outdoor recreation with relational partners. Loss of outdoor recreation opportunities could negatively affect a person’s well-being and their ability to satisfy basic human needs. This research aims to explore design considerations for technology-based interventions intended to overcome select barriers to outdoor recreation. Critical to this goal is understanding these barriers, the reasons why people choose to engage in recreation activities involving the outdoors, and the needs they hope to fulfill through using the outdoors as a medium for such activities. We report on a survey study exploring such concerns, and thoughts on the Planet Runner concept, a technology-mediated indoor/outdoor experience designed to en...

Authors cite three main provisions of subjective life satisfaction. The first is that satisfaction is subjective and, therefore, remains in the experience of the individual. Objective conditions, such as individual's health, wealth and comfort, can potentially affect subjective satisfaction but are not directly related and are usually absent from the

Patients with COVID-19 experienced severe physical conditions as well as psychological difficulties. Moreover, the COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted rehabilitation programs for patients isolating them from their family and friendsthat were not allowed to access hospital facilities to visit their beloved ones. Patients underwent a psychological intervention aimed at reducing distress symptoms and at favoring communication with caregivers. In particular, patients participated in videocalls via digital tablets to keep in contact with their family and friends. Through the (novel) use of technologic devices, this descriptive study aimed at reporting the most common psychological issues displayed by patients with COVID-19 during the recent pandemic in a rehabilitation Institute. Results show that symptoms of psychological distress (e.g., acute stress, depressive, anxious) were common among patients with COVID-19 in rehabilitation and were equally distributed across sex. The technology-based approach was feasible and easily integrated into the rehabilitation program. In conclusion, in this situation of emergency and isolation, technologic devices had a key role in re-establishing communication between patients and caregivers allowing to provide the so important social support resource that was lacking. Technologic devices represent useful tools that can be integrated into psychological interventions in rehabilitation contexts to promote the psychophysical health of patients and caregivers as well.

The beginning of Covid 19 and the establishment of restrictions to curb the development of the pandemic on the territory of Latvia have led to the changing of the lives of the youth, including their physical exercise and study habits and practices. This article investigates the role of physical activities training for young males and females and their choice of teaching platforms by different genders. The study methodology encompasses critical examination of previous research conducted on Generation Z, gender differences and the significance of physical exercise and sports in for the youth combined with statistical evaluation and assessment of primary survey data. Compare with previous articles this article is constituted by its identification of the way in which gender differences influenced changes in physical activity and in which attitudes towards healthy lifestyles and physical activity changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of the study observed substanti...

Over a year has passed since the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic and the introduction of measures to limit the spread of the pandemic in Latvia. These have resulted in changes in all spheres of young people&#39;s lives, including the way they study and exercise. This study examines the role of Generation Z physical activity as a means of maintaining the well-being of the emerging workforce and the choice of teaching methods by different age groups and genders as well as the finances spent on it. The research methods include critical content analysis of scientific literature on Generation Z, modern teaching methods and the role of physical activity in young people&#39;s lives as well as descriptive statistical data analysis of primary data obtained from a questionnaire. The authors found positive correlation between age, gender, the occurrence of depressing mood or anxiety and engagement in physical activity and also identified that Generation Z spends less financial resources for the...

Background: Gaining knowledge of the various reasons behind people's consumption of highly processed foods has the potential to enhance obesity prevention initiatives and open avenues to tailor treatment approaches for obesity and binge eating at a more personalized level. This contribution aimed to test the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS-IT) in a community sample of Italian adults. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure of the Italian version of the PEMS (PEMS-IT) on a total of 616 respondents. Furthermore, the reliability and convergent validity analysis of the tool were evaluated. Results: The analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of PEMS-IT [(YBχ2 (164) = 537.901; p < 0.001, the CFI = 0.918, RMSEA = 0.072; 90%CI [0.065-0.078]; p(RMSEA < 0.05) < 0.001, and SRMR = 0.080] and satisfactory reliability on its subscales (Cronbach's α: 0.745-0.917). Positive correlations were also found with food addiction and binge-eating symptoms, compulsive eating behavior, and uncontrolled and emotional eating. Conclusions: The PEMS-IT appears to be an instrument with promising psychometric properties and potential applications in clinical settings. However, it also has some limitations, and future studies could focus on improving the semantic content of the elements to increase the overall utility and precision of the instrument.

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições, desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Crochemore-Silva I et al.

Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou identificar os motivos de inserção e permanência de diferentes tipos de dança, nomeadamente o ballet, jazz, dança de salão, dança do ventre e a dança esportiva, em academias de médio a grande porte situadas em Recife-PE. Apoiamo-nos na abordagem qualitativa do tipo fenomenológica hermenêutica. Utilizou-se como instrumento a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os espaços selecionados atenderam a pelo menos dois dos seguintes critérios: academias de médio a grande porte, com mais de uma unidade física e maior popularidade nas redes sociais. Foram selecionadas 4 academias e 5 coordenadores responsáveis participaram das entrevistas. As narrativas foram interpretadas através de análises ideográficas e nomotéticas à luz da fenomenologia hermenêutica. Apresentamos na pesquisa questões referentes ao histórico, perfil e conceito das academias, a fim de identificar como estas academias se configuravam atualmente, além dos motivos de inserção e permanência da dança nos espaços das academias. Como conclusão apontamos os riscos de se reduzir a dança nas academias a um produto de consumo destinado às experiências autoeróticas de satisfação individualista, excluindo a possibilidade de considerar a dança como manifestação sociocultural do corpo que se expressa de maneira livre e criativa visando se relacionar com o outro. Palavras-chave: academias de ginástica; Dança; Educação Física.

O presente estudo objetivou identificar os motivos de inserção e permanência de diferentes tipos de dança, nomeadamente o ballet, jazz, dança de salão, dança do ventre e a dança esportiva, em academias de médio a grande porte situadas em Recife-PE. Apoiamo-nos na abordagem qualitativa do tipo fenomenológica hermenêutica. Utilizou-se como instrumento a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os espaços selecionados atenderam a pelo menos dois dos seguintes critérios: academias de médio a grande porte, com mais de uma unidade física e maior popularidade nas redes sociais. Foram selecionadas 4 academias e 5 coordenadores responsáveis participaram das entrevistas. As narrativas foram interpretadas através de análises ideográficas e nomotéticas à luz da fenomenologia hermenêutica. Apresentamos na pesquisa questões referentes ao histórico, perfil e conceito das academias, a fim de identificar como estas academias se configuravam atualmente, além dos motivos de inserção e permanência da dança nos esp...

In what ways and to what extent has the Covid-19 pandemic affected the lives of children and young people in Europe by limiting their access to physical education and other types of physical activity, including sport? A review of the available, reported, evidence-based knowledge is provided with regards to physical activity and motor behaviour; psycho-social well-being; as well as effects on mental well-being. From a literature review, the main insights are extracted and placed in a wider policy context, including as regards EU-wide priorities regarding sports policy, health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) as well as public funding, including from the EU budget. KEYWORDS covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic; confinement; youth; physical inactivity; sport; mental health; psycho-social problem; sport policy; health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA)

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o perfil de crescimento e estado nutricional de crianças de instituições de ensino infantil públicas, em Piracicaba-SP. Participaram 202 crianças (104 meninos e 98 meninas) com idades entre dois e seis anos. Foram aferidos peso, estatura e perímetro cefálico e utilizada a classificação de desnutrição até obesidade em relação à medida de peso para estatura. Os valores obtidos foram comparados com dados do Centro Nacional de Estatística em Saúde (NCHS); 23% das meninas e 25% dos meninos estavam com valores próximos da obesidade e 18% das meninas e 14% dos meninos estavam subnutridos. No perímetro cefálico, 18% das meninas e 16% dos meninos estavam abaixo do esperado e 12% e 14%, respectivamente, acima. Houve correlação significativa entre perímetro cefálico e peso e estatura, confirmando a existência de crianças obesas e desnutridas. Devem ser realizadas medidas para melhor adequação da alimentação e estímulo à prática de atividade física.

Year 2020 has introduced massive changes in the teaching and learning in traditional classroom settings all around the world as due to the abrupt outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, schools had to introduce remote learning systems and the amount of students’ independent workload increased exponentially. Self-regulated learning plays a crucial role in the learning process, and it is even more significant in remote learning as external regulation is low. The aim of this research was to study students’ self-evaluation on self-regulation processes during remote learning caused by the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in autumn 2020. This paper presents results of a case study at a secondary school in Latvia. Over a period of two months regular surveys were carried out to investigate students’ opinion on their metacognitive, motivational and behavioural processes during remote learning. Results were analysed to determine the overall situation, changes over time and differences between distinct...

O campo de pesquisas sobre o futebol de mulheres cresceu no Brasil nas últimas duas décadas. Contudo, há ainda uma lacuna sobre como marcadores sociais, como classe e raça, interseccionam o gênero na constituição dessa prática. Para preenchê-la, analisamos, com base em estatística descritiva e inferencial, o suplemento especial sobre esporte da PNAD de 2015. Assim, descrevemos o perfil das mulheres que jogam futebol no Brasil contemporâneo e o comparamos em relação aos homens e às demais mulheres que praticam esportes diferentes do futebol. Nossos resultados apontam que, em comparação ao que ocorre com mulheres que praticam esporte em geral, classe e raça impactam de forma oposta na adesão ao futebol. A maioria das mulheres que pratica o futebol advém de classes mais baixas e é negra. Ao indicar esta relação, demonstramos a necessidade de enegrecer as narrativas sobre o futebol de mulheres no Brasil. 

Background and Study Aim. There is strong evidence linking outdoor physical activity with health benefits, but little is known about its impact on pro-environmental behaviour. Therefore, this study seeks to clarify this research problem. Material and Methods. We assessed pro-environmental behaviour in a group of 170 students (aged 21.79 ± 1.23) of the Academy of Physical Education and Sport who declared stronger attachment to one of the two forms of physical activity: outdoor or indoor. The analysis of the strength of pro-environmental attitudes was conducted using the Environmental Health Literacy (EHL) Scale. Results. Despite the lack of spectacular differences between the attitudes of students from the outdoor and indoor physical activity groups, a few dissimilarities related to air quality were noticed. Each of them indicated stronger pro-environmental behaviour of representatives of the outdoor physical activity group. They concerned the following issues: I avoid exercising bec...

The level of physical activity of people is a very important issue internationally. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of habitual physical activity in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain). With this purpose, the questionnaire Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise (PACE) was administered to 1055 children and adolescents (532 males and 523 females), aged between 3 and 18 years. The results showed that the sample studied does not do enough physical activity, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, as they do at least 60 min of physical activity only an average of 3.29 days/week (SD = 1.84). Besides, 77 % of the schoolchildren studied is inactive according to the classification of PACE questionnaire. According to sex, there are more active boys (31.2 %) than active girls (14.9 %) and, on average, boys do more physical activity than girls, almost a day more per week.

The present study addresses the diffi culties faced by some athletes in the COVID-19 pandemic. We present the quantitative and qualitative changes in the training sessions of individual and team athletes and their adaptation
to the pandemic. The study aimed principally to examine the differences in the athletes’ achievement motivation resulting from changes in weekly training volume. To check the parameters of training and pandemic
adaptation, 79 volleyball, basketball, and rowing athletes aged 19−24 fi lled in the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) and a self-constructed questionnaire. There were diff erences in the quality and quantity of training before and after the pandemic in each discipline. Most of the athletes experienced mental and physical deterioration during the pandemic but declared that they coped moderately to well. Of those athletes who reduced their weekly training, team athletes were less competitive, and a decrease in goal and win orientation in individual disciplines
was observed.
Keywords: COVID-19, individual and team athletes’, weekly training volume, motivation

Objectivo: Desenhar curvas de percentil, em funcao do Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC), em populacao portuguesa. Populacao: Criancas e adolescentes de tres Listas de Clinica Geral. Metodos: Estudo observacional, aberto, dos dados em ficheiro - peso (kg) e da altura (m) para calculo do IMC para todos os individuos do nascimento aos 17 anos, inclusive. Utilizacao de material para a colheita das variaveis - balanca e craveira adaptados para as idades. Resultados: Estudadas 6.764 unidades de medida, 3.481 (51,5%) no sexo masculino, numa amostra de 540 rapazes e 522 raparigas. Sem diferencas com significado estatistico por sexos e idade. A distribuicao das variaveis peso, altura e IMC por sexos, nao apresentou igualmente diferencas com significado estatistico. Conclusoes: Nao havendo diferencas com significado estatistico nas unidades de medida entre sexos, estas tabelas permitem estudo da situacao nutricional e de obesidade pelo calculo do IMC. A comparacao com outras tabelas mostra disse...

This research aims to compare and analyze two public programs regularly and oriented physical activity. Through qualitative research development evaluated the Department of Exercise Program for Sports and Recreation of the City of Valinhos and the Zumba program in Districts of the Department of Sports and Leisure of the City of Jundiai, both located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Therefore, for the development of this research, they conducted interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire with program managers in each of the cities and bibliographic and documentary in order to support the analysis and discussion of the results. In closing remarks reflected on the experiences and peculiarities of the programs with a view to implementing improvements and / or possible improvements which contribute to the strengthening of new actions and public policies in the areas of sport and leisure in these and other cities in the region.

Introduction. Quarantine is a complex definition that consists of administrative and sanitary measures designed to prevent the spread of communicable diseases to both humans and animals. Bans and restrictions that have been introduced, have significantly changed people's lifestyles-individuals have become less physically active and were forced to spend most of their time at home. The aim of the study was to reveal the dominant factors contributing to students' psycho-emotional health and physical activity during the quarantine period. Methods. This survey was conducted in April 2020 with 304 participating students. The anonymous survey collected demographic data and two standardized questionnaires were used: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire. Data were processed by SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results. Respondents' level of physical activity during quarantine was as follows: high level-42%, medium level-41%; low level-17 %. A negative correlation was found-with increasing physical activity, the sum of psycho-emotional state assessment score decreased (r =-.2702, p < .01), and with increasing age of respondents, their total level of physical activity also increased (r = .1364, p < .05). Conclusion. Low intensity of physical activity predominated at all levels of physical activity, for which the main reason was the remote learning during quarantine and recommendations to leave home only for essential matters. Regular physical activity and exercise may be a simple, inexpensive, and effective therapy during the quarantine, and physical activity is significant in treating student depression, stress, and/or increased anxiety.

Introduction. Quarantine is a complex definition that consists of administrative and sanitary measures designed to prevent the spread of communicable diseases to both humans and animals. Bans and restrictions that have been introduced, have significantly changed people’s lifestyles – individuals have become less physically active and were forced to spend most of their time at home. The aim of the study was to reveal the dominant factors contributing to students’ psycho-emotional health and physical activity during the quarantine period. Methods. This survey was conducted in April 2020 with 304 participating students. The anonymous survey collected demographic data and two standardized questionnaires were used: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire. Data were processed by SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results. Respondents’ level of physical activity during quarantine was as follows: high level – 42%, medium level – 41%; low level – 17 %. A n...

Somatic Growth in African Children and Youth. Current Knowledge Scientific research in somatic growth has been justified by its utility in public health and human development as well as its major contribution to such fields as auxology, anthropology, epidemiology and nutrition. Since growth deficiencies are associated with adverse hygienic-nutritional conditions, the development and application of knowledge provided from auxology is increasing in Africa. The present literature review has been conducted in order to face the need of a systematisation of the few publications about growth in school aged populations of Africa. All the papers cited in available library databases which refer to studies within this framework of research with school aged African populations have been included. The study of the bio-anthropological meaning of child growth, namely the socioeconomic influence, seems to be the main concern. Another issue is the interpretation and validity of using international norms and cutoffs to classify nutritional status. The review also suggests that, facing some of the methodological and substantive limitations of such research and the recent development within the broad field of genetics, new approaches will come out in the near future to solve some of the must relevant research problems.