Petroleum and Natural Gas Law

Stratigraphic record and sin-sedimentary structures in the Paraná Basin show events at the beginning and at the end of the tectono-sedimentary sequences. Their styles are representatives of extensional and compressional events respectively. The correlation of the paleo-stress regimes with cycles of the solar system in the galaxy is good. The flexural basin evolution worked out as a geotectonic system driven by an initial overload of lithosphere and evolved under the effect of internal crustal proprieties and external cyclical variation of the solar system.

This research concludes that, natural gas dewatering techniques consists of; absorption, adsorption, condensation and membrane separation. The criteria for selecting the dewatering method to use, depends on the dew point requirements and the dewatering capacity. Tri-ethylene Glycol (TEG) dewatering method was chosen to be the best because it can provide the desired dewatering capacity, low cost of operation and low energy consumption. We can achieve a water content of 6lb/MMSCFD-7lb/MMSCFD which is the standard water content in natural gas.

Indonesia’s oil and gas governance has been specified in certain laws. The first oil and gas law was Emergency Law No. 44 of 1960. This law was changed to Law No. 8 of 1971 which gave a dual function, namely to Pertamina National Oil Company (NOC), as an operator and regulator. Meanwhile, the function of policy making was carried out by the government. These two functions are known as “two feet.” Furthermore, with the promulgation of the Oil and Gas Law No. 22 of 2001, there was a separation of regulatory functions by Pertamina and giving them to state institutions known as BP Migas. The agency was later converted into two different institutions, SKK Migas for regulating upstream oil and gas and BPH Migas for downstream regulation. These functions are known as ‘three feet’. However, the Oil and Gas Law No. 22 of 2001 received a lot of criticism, because this law was considered too liberal and put Pertamina as a NOC to compete openly with the International Oil Company (IOC) which was considered to have more good advantages in technology, capital, and risk management. The existing Oil and Gas Law has caused prolonged stagnation in the national oil and gas industry, and reduced the performance of this strategic industry in terms of lifting, exploration, exploitation and oil production. This study is intended to provide a description regarding the various design concepts of oil and gas law governance by referring to the oil and gas management and performance models in various countries and IOC. Furthermore, this study empirically offers a comparison of the NOC model in managing oil and gas, and the advantages and disadvantages of institutional selection over the oil and gas administration

This paper aims to examine the causes, effects and solutions to vandalization of pipelines in Nigeria. The act of vandalism is without doubt a serious issue which needs to be addressed with urgency, it is however important to note that certain factors are responsible for this and in effect the act has its impact on the nation at large. A solution is aptly required because we cannot aim to get to the position we want to in our economy and environment without paying attention to this issue. As long as pipeline vandalism continues a lot would continue to go wrong in the oil sector, power sector and a number of other sectors, it is therefore of high importance to address this problem.

para que se orgulhe de mim. Para Helena Maria, para que se orgulhe dos esforços de seu filho. Para os amados Daniel, Gustavo e Helena, como estímulo na busca pelo conhecimento. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço enfaticamente a José Maria Resende, Rafael Frazão e Sydney Granja Afonso, respectivamente Presidente e Diretores da GASPETRO, por acreditarem nesta minha iniciativa de aperfeiçoamento profissional. Os Diretores que os sucederam continuaram dando crédito a este esforço, nomeadamente Maria das Graças Silva Foster, Fátima Valéria Araújo Barroso Pereira, André Cordeiro Lima e Richard Olm. A todos eles sinceros e efusivos agradecimentos. Petrônio Lerche Vieira merece um agradecimento especial, pois foi quem primeiro me falou sobre o Mestrado em Regulação da Indústria de Energia da UNIFACS e incentivou-me a cursá-lo. Agradeço à minha orientadora Gisele Ferreira Tiryaki pela pertinência, proficiência, zelo e extrema gentileza da orientação. Agradeço aos meus colegas da 8ª Turma do MRIE pelos inesquecíveis momentos de convivência. Finalmente, obrigado Bahia, terra e povo inesquecíveis.

In recent years, the European Commission has issued many Article 9 Regulation 1/2003 commitment decisions on the prohibition of abuse of a dominant position under Article 102 TFEU in electricity and natural gas markets. In those decisions, some new forms of unilateral conduct such as “long-term capacity bookings”, “capacity withdrawal/withholding”, strategic “underinvestment/strategic limitation of investment” and “capacity hoarding” have appeared. In addition to being novel to the enforcement of Article 102 TFEU, these forms of conduct have been subject to assessments that have pushed the boundaries of the analytical framework of Article 102 TFEU in terms of the goals and functions of Article 102 TFEU, the relationship between Article 101 TFEU and Article 102 TFEU, and compliance with the established jurisprudence on the subject matter. This article analyses the new forms of abuse in the European Commission’s commitment decisions in the EU energy sector and explores the aspects of these decisions that challenge the analytical framework of Article 102 TFEU.

O projeto de nova lei do gás (P.L. nº 6.407/2013): uma longa jornada rumo à eficiência no transporte de gás natural no Brasil RESUMO A indústria de gás natural (IGN) brasileira experimentou um momento de forte expansão no Brasil no início dos anos 2000, com a entrada em operação, em 1999, do Gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil. A demanda de gás natural no País, por sua vez, permanece estagnada, na média, nos últimos cinco anos, até 2017. Enquanto a extensão da malha de transporte dutoviário permanece a mesma também nos últimos cinco anos, as redes de distribuição vêm experimentando sensível expansão. Parece haver, portanto, um engessamento do setor de transporte de gás natural no Brasil, circunstância que contribui para a incipiência da IGN como um todo, já que o transporte é exatamente o segmento operacional central desta cadeia econômica. Além de outros, existem também fatores de ordem legal e regulatória que contribuem para que o gás natural enfrente dificuldades para colocar-se no mercado brasileiro. Este artigo se propõe a estudar e buscar fundamentação empírica e teórica para explicar em que medida as alterações jurídicas proposta no Projeto de Lei nº 6.407/2013 podem impactar o desenvolvimento da IGN brasileira,

• Special report on Ukraine: A tense month dominated by political relations between Russia and Ukraine, and by commercial relations between Gazprom and Naftogaz, as debts and price negotiations leave Naftogaz in a difficult situation
• EU antimonopoly investigation into Gazprom could be delayed by crisis in EU-Russia relations; Gazprom’s deals in Germany and the UK come under renewed scrutiny in context of current international tensions
• Nord Stream: EU delays resolution of OPAL exemption
• South Stream: Uncertainties remain, despite Gazprom’s optimism and the signing of a contract with Saipem for the laying of South Stream’s offshore section
• Gazprom CEO expects to sign contract with CNPC in May
• Gazprom plans for access to Crimean gas deposits and a doubling of gas production in the region
• A month of milestones, as Gazprom celebrates 50m tonnes of LNG exports from Sakhalin-II and 100 bcm of gas exports via Blue Stream

"• Russia warns EU over anti-monopoly investigation; OMV enters into price-revision talks with Gazprom and Statoil; Gazprom and GDF Suez agree to revise their gas contract; Gazprom’s European exports rise 9.6 percent y-o-y in H1 2013, but net profits fall 35 percent; Gazprom cancels calls for bids to prepare project documentation for the Shtokman project; Gazprom subsidiary to enter the Italian fuel market as Gazprom plans an expansion of its own natural gas vehicle (NGV) market
• Ukraine reduces its imports of Russian gas in favour of supplies from Europe
• Russian Stroytransgas to build the overland sections of South Stream in the Balkans
• No new developments in Gazprom-CNPC negotiations, but Putin’s meeting with the Chinese President, Xi Jinping, at the G20 Summit could add fresh impetus
• Gazprom wins auction for Moscow power generation utility, MOEK
"

El mercado de gas natural en Colombia tiene estructurada una cadena de producción conformada por producción, transporte, distribución y comercialización de gas natural. Acorde al régimen legal colombiano, se consideran servicios públicos las actividades de transporte, distribución y comercialización y en ese sentido, la actividad de producción no está sometida al régimen de la Ley 142 de 1994 ni a la regulación de la CREG puesto que la producción al no considerarse un servicio público, se rige por las reglas de exploración y explotación de hidrocarburos contenidas en el Código de Petróleos y demás normas referentes a dichas actividades.

Over the years, Nigeria has had a number of petroleum laws. The Act that governs the upstream and downstream sector of the petroleum industry has evolved over the years with constant lacunas in these laws. It is on this basis that the Petroleum Industry Act was signed into law. The

The valuation of the real option to store liquefied natural gas (LNG) at the downstream terminal of an LNG value chain is an important problem in practice. As the exact valuation of this real option is computationally intractable, we develop a novel and tractable heuristic model for its strategic valuation that integrates models of LNG shipping, natural gas price evolution, and inventory control and sale into the wholesale natural gas market. We incorporate real and estimated data to quantify the value of this real option and its dependence on the throughput of an LNG chain, the type of price variability, the type of inventory control policy employed, and the level of stochastic variability in both the shipping model and the natural gas price model used. In addition, we develop an imperfect information dual upper bound to assess the effectiveness of our heuristic, and find that our method is near optimal. Our approach also has potential relevance to value the real option to store ot...