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Petroleum and Natural Gas Law

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Petroleum and Natural Gas Law is a specialized area of legal study that governs the exploration, extraction, production, and distribution of petroleum and natural gas resources. It encompasses regulatory frameworks, property rights, environmental considerations, and contractual agreements related to hydrocarbon resources, addressing both domestic and international legal issues.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Petroleum and Natural Gas Law is a specialized area of legal study that governs the exploration, extraction, production, and distribution of petroleum and natural gas resources. It encompasses regulatory frameworks, property rights, environmental considerations, and contractual agreements related to hydrocarbon resources, addressing both domestic and international legal issues.

Key research themes

1. How can legal frameworks effectively combat gas flaring to promote sustainable energy security in Nigeria's petroleum sector?

This research area investigates the adequacy, enforcement, and reform of legal regimes targeting gas flaring in Nigeria’s upstream petroleum industry. Gas flaring leads to significant environmental pollution, economic losses, and health hazards, contravening constitutional rights. The theme emphasizes the role of stringent legal enforcement, economic sanctions, and comparative international best practices in curtailing gas flaring and fostering sustainable energy utilization.

Key finding: The study unveils that weak enforcement of existing anti-gas flaring laws in Nigeria permits continued flaring, causing environmental and economic harm. It recommends adoption of a hybrid legal model combining sustainable... Read more
Key finding: This paper finds that despite Nigeria’s vast gas reserves, over 60% of associated gas is flared due to poor enforcement of anti-flaring regulations and low penalties, contrasting sharply with less than 1% flaring in advanced... Read more
Key finding: The study reveals that NNPC’s prioritization of oil revenues over financing gas utilization infrastructure significantly constrains enforcement of Nigeria’s zero gas flaring policy. Joint ventures led to flaring of over 514... Read more

2. What international legislative and policy approaches exist to regulate natural gas markets and ensure security of supply in global and regional contexts?

This theme covers the evolving regulatory and governance frameworks for natural gas at supranational and national levels, focusing on market liberalization, security of supply, and geopolitical tensions. It examines EU market liberalization stages, US unconventional gas regulation, and regional supply concerns in Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. These insights explore how legal structures create competitive, transparent, and secure gas markets while addressing challenges from geopolitical conflicts and resource contention.

Key finding: This paper provides a detailed review of EU gas market liberalization from 1996 onward, outlining key legislative packages and their role in establishing competitive, transparent, and consumer-centered gas markets. It... Read more
Key finding: The study analyzes unconventional gas (UCG) growth in the US, especially Pennsylvania’s experience, highlighting that technological innovations like hydraulic fracturing revolutionized production, tripling output from 2009 to... Read more
Key finding: This work examines Croatia’s increasing dependence on imported natural gas amid declining domestic production. It presents the strategic importance of diversifying supply routes and sources, including LNG, to ensure energy... Read more

3. How does petroleum and natural gas law intersect with sustainable development and environmental protection frameworks?

This theme explores the integration of petroleum industry governance with sustainable development goals, focusing on environmental regulation, community protection, and climate change considerations. It addresses the tension between resource exploitation and ecological sustainability, highlighting international conventions, national legal reforms such as Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Act 2021, and host community development provisions. The research emphasizes the importance of aligning petroleum law with global environmental commitments and social equity.

Key finding: This paper critically evaluates Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Act 2021, identifying gaps in addressing gas flaring, host community inclusion, and energy transition imperatives. It highlights the Act’s modernization of... Read more
Key finding: This study highlights that despite legal provisions mandating Host Community Development Trusts under the Petroleum Industry Act, Nigerian oil-producing communities remain underdeveloped, suffering environmental degradation,... Read more
Key finding: The article delineates how international conventions (e.g., UNCLOS, MARPOL) regulate marine environmental protection against oil pollution, emphasizing the challenges in their implementation across state parties. It... Read more
Key finding: This paper articulates the imperative for petroleum industries, especially in developing states, to align operations with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It presents synergies among environmental protection,... Read more

All papers in Petroleum and Natural Gas Law

The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Agency (NESREA) was established by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act No. 25 of 31st of July 2007 as stated in the Federal... more
Contract drafting is a fundamental skill for every legal professional, as contracts form the backbone of commercial, civil, and personal relationships. A well-drafted contract not only defines the terms of engagement between parties but... more
Biodiversity, a standout array of life formed on earth. Hence, it requires adequate conservation. Given Nigeria's rich natural resources and diverse ecosystems, biodiversity conservation is a critical issue in Nigeria. This paper examines... more
This work evaluated the activity concentration of radionuclides on sedimentary and igneous rocks at Corumbataí river basin, São Paulo State, and, consequently, the exposure rate. This basin possess a large sugar cane crops area, where... more
This work evaluated the activity concentration of radionuclides on sedimentary and igneous rocks at Corumbataí river basin, São Paulo State, and, consequently, the exposure rate. This basin possess a large sugar cane crops area, where... more
Member, the basal unit of Rio Bonito Formation, is the post-glacial deltaic system of the glaciomarine and marine sedimentation of the Rio do Sul Formation (Itararé Group). The wells drilled by CPRM in the eastern margin of Paraná Basin... more
IAPÓ FORMATION: CONTINENTAL GLACIATION IN THE ORDOVICIAN/SILURIAN BOUNDARY OF THE PARANÁ BAS1N. The lapó Formation is a thin and widespread unit, generally less than 20 m thick and covering discontinuously an área of hundreds of thousand... more
PALEOCURRENTS, PALEOGEOGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES IN THE TATUI FORMATION, BRAZIL Coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates rich in silex clasts are conspicuous facies of the Tatuí Formation in the eastcentral São Paulo State ,... more
L4. 15. 16. L7. r8. 19. Esquema de raÍz fóssil na lapa do carvão de Bairro Aliança. , 20. Fâcies 4,sub-fácies 4-4. ......
Indonesia's oil and gas governance has been specified in certain laws. The first oil and gas law was Emergency Law No. 44 of 1960. This law was changed to Law No. 8 of 1971 which gave a dual function, namely to Pertamina National Oil... more
This Act concerns the administration of and control on petroleum operations in Tanzania and assigns for this purpose duties to the Minister responsible for petroleum matters and the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority... more
Since the discovery of petroleum in Nigeria, the host communities have been at the receiving end of the negative environmental, social and economic impacts of petroleum operations. Poverty, unemployment, violence and social unrest,... more
This paper applies quantitative stratigraphy to understand the pattern of coarse clastic sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary cycles in siliciclastic sequences can be detected and analyzed using a gamma-ray log to provide a series of measures... more
Dikey kısıtlama çeşitlerinin bir türü olan yeniden satış fiyatının belirlenmesi, piyasanın farklı seviyelerinde yer alan teşebbüsler arasında vuku bulmakta olup zincirin üst seviyesinde yer alan bir teşebbüsün alt seviyede yer alan... more
A jurisdiction clause can be defined as a choice of court agreement. It is a contractual provision by which the parties agree to submit to the jurisdiction of named courts or seat of Arbitration in a state. That is usually sufficient for... more
Environmental protection and regulation will ever remain a recurrent need in human affairs given the importance of the environment to man's continuous existence and the impact of his activities on the natural environment as well. This... more
Nigerians are poorly aware of their environment and the damages being done to it through their numerous activities either knowingly or unknowingly. Moreover, the constitution is the basic law of the land and it proclaims its supremacy... more
A construção do verdadeiro parece então como um proieto h¡storico abeño; é uma construção humana, tendo aliás um caráter estético, na medida em que o espírito humano nela se encontra. (.../ Esse caráter h¡storico não implica gue se possa... more
The problem emerging in the natural gas plant is carbon dioxide content in the pipeline. Wellhead natural gas can contain as much as 30% carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, the minimum specification required includes no more than 2%-3% carbon... more
Atentando para a relevância do recurso energético "gás natural", para a abertura do mercado gasífero nacional promovida pela EC n° 09/95 e, ainda, para a ausência de uma lei específica que o discipline, o presente trabalho se propõe a... more
A rcgiiio em esluc.lo abnnge uma a rea de 1300km2, localiuda nos arreda-re~ da c idade de Charqueadas. a oeSle de Porlo Alegre, Rio Grande do SuI. Nesta irea se localizam as jazidas carbon(feras de Charqueadas e de Sanla Rill, esta ultima... more
A região em estudo abrange uma área de 1300Km2, localizada nos arredores da cidade de Charqueadas, a oeste de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Nesta área se localizam as jazidas carboníferas de Charqueadas e de Santa Rita, esta última a... more
Η οριακή κατάσταση της ενεργειακής κρίσης που βιώνει η ελληνική –και όχι μόνο– αγορά ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας (στο εξής: η.ε.) και η προσπάθεια μετακύλισης του κόστους της τιμής της χονδρεμπορικής αγοράς του Χρηματιστηρίου Ενέργειας (στο... more
A bacia de Taubaté, uma depressão alongada na direção SW/NE e encravada entre as Serras do Mar e da Mantiqueira, é a que contém o mais espesso registro sedimentar aluvial-lacustre do Oligoceno, quando comparado com as bacias menores que... more
O delta do rio São Francisco é uma planície arenosa de idade quaternária construída em um baixo estrutural da bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas, conhecido como Baixo do São Francisco. O limite interno do delta do São  rancisco é marcado por... more
Resource nationalism" is a cyclical phenomenon whereby governments assert varying degrees of control over natural resources located within their territories, in an attempt to maximise revenue generation from their national resources.... more
Este documento presenta un análisis de los efectos de las reformas introducidas por la Constitución de 1991 y por la Ley 142 de 1994 sobre el desempeño del sector de gas natural. Incluye una descripción de esas reformas y del actual marco... more
This article discusses the decision of the Supreme Court of Nigeria on the constitutional provision dealing with the sharing of revenues derived from natural resources located within the states of the Federation, the 'derivation... more
Resumo Além de fomentar o aumento do comércio entre países, a globalização tem mudado significativamente os processos econômicos ao possibilitar que as empresas dividam as cadeias de produção e comercialização em vários segmentos, que se... more
Resumo Além de fomentar o aumento do comércio entre países, a globalização tem mudado significativamente os processos econômicos ao possibilitar que as empresas dividam as cadeias de produção e comercialização em vários segmentos, que se... more
Resumo Propósitoexplicar a ausência de vigência social da Emenda Constitucional nº 9/95 e da Le nº 9.478/97, no que diz respeito à promoção da competição no segmento de refino de petróleo no Brasil. Resultados-Análise da evolução dos... more
Petrol, kömür, doğal gaz ve nükleer enerji gibi kaynaklardan veya su gücü, rüzgâr, güneş gibi yenilebilir enerji kaynaklarından 1 yararlanmak suretiyle üretilen ve ikincil bir enerji kaynağı olan elektrik, aydınlatma, ısıtma, ulaştırma... more
This paper compares three methods for natural gas dehydration that are widely applied in industry: (1) absorption by triethylene glycol, (2) adsorption on solid desiccants and (3) condensation. A comparison is made according to their... more
I appreciate my wonderful family, my parents Mr. and Mrs. Obi-Abang and my sisters, Ofonime, Miracle and Ekupnse, who supported my dream to travel abroad to get a master's degree. The list of friends and colleagues who assisted me in one... more
Energy security is a concept that relates to the continuity, availability and affordability of energy to both industrial and household energy users for efficient running of every sector of the economy .No country’s economy has attained... more
A seção rifte da Bacia de Campos é composta pela porção basal a intermediária do Grupo Lagoa Feia, e inclui a principal rocha geradora da bacia, e rochas reservatório carbonáticas. A interpretação e o mapeamento sistemático de linhas... more
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un análisis estadístico de la calidad de la regulación de la industria eléctrica colombiana, basados en una clasificación económica de las resoluciones emitidas por la Comisión de Regulación de... more
O gás natural (GN) se transporta em gasodutos pela diferença de pressões. A pressão vai se perdendo à medida que o gás natural flui, devido à fricção com as paredes do dutos e à perda de calor. Assim, a pressão deve ser restaurada para... more
The Oil and Gas Special Task Force (SKK Oil) is a government agency responsible for controlling and supervising upstream oil and gas businesses. This study aims to examine the legal position of SKK Oil as the executor of national upstream... more
Oil and Gas Exploration has increasingly become the major source of revenue of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, since 1956, when oil was first discovered in commercial quantities. However, this same ‘source of blessing’ is also very rich... more
This study is on the impact of pipeline transportation and vandalization on economic development in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Pipeline transportation is the preferred means of transportation of petroleum products in... more
O gás natural (GN) se transporta em gasodutos pela diferença de pressões. A pressão vai se perdendo à medida que o gás natural flui, devido à fricção com as paredes do dutos e à perda de calor. Assim, a pressão deve ser restaurada para... more
O gás natural (GN) se transporta em gasodutos pela diferença de pressões. A pressão vai se perdendo à medida que o gás natural flui, devido à fricção com as paredes do dutos e à perda de calor. Assim, a pressão deve ser restaurada para... more
Indonesia's oil and gas governance has been specified in certain laws. The first oil and gas law was Emergency Law No. 44 of 1960. This law was changed to Law No. 8 of 1971 which gave a dual function, namely to Pertamina National Oil... more
Esse artigo objetiva descrever os principais aspectos dos modelos contratuais utilizados na distribuição de gás natural no Brasil. Diante disso, inicialmente, aponta-se as características mais relevantes do segmento da distribuição no... more
Illegal wildlife trade and wildlife trafficking are global environmental risks which is underscored not just by its convergence with other serious crimes but by the cross-border and trans-boundary nature of the crime, and its implications... more
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