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P VS NP

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P vs NP is a fundamental question in computer science that asks whether every problem whose solution can be verified quickly (in polynomial time) can also be solved quickly (in polynomial time). It explores the relationship between the complexity classes P (problems solvable in polynomial time) and NP (problems verifiable in polynomial time).
lightbulbAbout this topic
P vs NP is a fundamental question in computer science that asks whether every problem whose solution can be verified quickly (in polynomial time) can also be solved quickly (in polynomial time). It explores the relationship between the complexity classes P (problems solvable in polynomial time) and NP (problems verifiable in polynomial time).

Key research themes

1. What are the implications of unstructured hardness assumptions for separating classes P and NP ∩ coNP?

This theme investigates whether and how the presence of unstructured hard problems within the intersection of NP and coNP can provide evidence towards separating P from NP ∩ coNP, focusing on constructions based on cryptographic assumptions and random oracles. It matters because unstructured hardness instances (as opposed to highly structured ones) offer a less assumption-heavy foundation for complexity separations, potentially advancing our understanding of class relations and cryptographic primitives.

Key finding: This paper provides the first evidence that under the assumption UP ⊈ RP (implying the existence of injective one-way functions), with probability 1 over a random oracle O, the complexity class P relative to O is strictly... Read more

2. How do reductions characterize the completeness and separations within NP, especially relating stronger reduction types to classical completeness notions?

Research here focuses on the landscape of reductions defining NP-completeness, investigating if certain reduction types (adaptive, nondeterministic, length-increasing) yield strictly more powerful completeness notions than classical polynomial-time many-one reductions. Understanding these relationships matters for clarifying the structure of NP-complete problems and the subtleties in completeness under different computational models, impacting both theory and applications of complexity.

Key finding: Under the assumption that NP does not have p-measure 0 (µ_p(NP) ≠ 0), the paper proves (1) adaptive polynomial-time Turing reductions are strictly more powerful than nonadaptive truth-table reductions, by exhibiting a problem... Read more

3. What insights can empirical hardness models provide about the average-case difficulty of NP-complete problems beyond worst-case complexity?

This theme explores statistical and machine learning approaches to understanding how algorithm runtimes vary on NP-complete problem instances drawn from various distributions. Moving beyond worst-case analysis, empirical hardness models (EHMs) aim to predict runtime based on instance features, revealing practical tractability patterns, phase transitions in difficulty, and aiding algorithm selection and tuning. This research matters because it bridges theoretical complexity and applied performance, informing both algorithm design and theoretical understanding.

Key finding: The paper surveys over a decade of work demonstrating that supervised learning methods can build accurate empirical hardness models predicting solver runtimes on NP-complete problems such as SAT, mixed integer programming,... Read more

All papers in P VS NP

Un problema fundamental en la investigación: Los problemas P vs. NP* A fundamental problem in the research: P vs problems. NP Um problema fundamental na investigação: Os problemas P contra NP Resumen Lo más difícil y apasionante en... more
Un problema fundamental en la investigación: Los problemas P vs. NP* A fundamental problem in the research: P vs problems. NP Um problema fundamental na investigação: Os problemas P contra NP Resumen Lo más difícil y apasionante en... more
Resumen. En este trabajo se abordó el problema de transformar instancias e indicadores de complejidad entre los problemas Bin-Packing y 2-Partition. Diversos investigadores han realizado reducciones y transformaciones polinomiales entre... more
Descripción: IN THIS WORK WE APPROACH THE PROBLEM OF TRANSFORMING INSTANCES AND COMPLEXITY INDICATORS BETWEEN THE PROBLEMS DISCOVERED BEING BIN-PACKING AND 2-PARTITION. SEVERAL RESEARCHERS HAVE REDUCTIONS AND POLYNOMIAL TRANSFORMATIONS... more
The paper proves constructively a language in NP while irreducible to SAT. Thus SAT is ((NOT) NP-complete while Cook's 1971 proof still holds. Thus, the contradiction in the above subtitle:
Este capítulo de libro estudia una metodología específica de las ciencias de la complejidad: las metaheuurísitcas.
A cada problema de optimización corresponde uno o más problemas de decisión, Si el problema de decisión correspondiente es NP-completo, se dice que el problema de optimización es NPduro (o NP-difícil)
RESUMEN No todos los problemas son complejos. Las metaheurísticas son herramientas adecuadas para la resolución de problemas complejos, lo cual implica, de entrada, poder identi-ficar la naturaleza de los mismos. Este artículo presenta y... more
ABSTRACT: Advancement in cognitive science depends, in part, on doing some occasional ‘theoretical housekeeping’. We highlight some conceptual confusions lurking in an important attempt at explaining the human capacity for rational or... more
Una investigación sobre qué son, su desarrollo y sus posibilidades T0
P vs NP is possibly one of the most crucial problems's of our era owing to the fact that it directly affects one of the most 8 basic things of our modern day survival, the Internet security. The proof will be surely a big blow to the RSA... more
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