P2P/Overlay Networks

Practical implementation of new P2P streaming systems requires a lot of coding and is often tedious and costly, slowing down the technology transfer from the research community to real users. GRAPES aims at relieving this burden, and speed-up application development, by providing a set of open-source components conceived as basic building blocks for building new P2P streaming applications. GRAPES is designed to be usable in different environments and situations, to have a minimal set of pre-requisites and dependencies, and not to impose any particular constraints on applications using it. The development of streamers in the Napa-Wine project [1] has shown that using GRAPES P2P streaming applications with different characteristics can be developed by only writing a small amount of glue code that connects the desired functionalities and dictates the architecture of the streamer.

Uitgave van Koninklijke Van Gorcum BV (Assen) namens het Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen 'Clingendael' (Postbus 93080, 2509 AB Den Haag), dat samenwerkt met het Koninklijk Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen, EGMONT, te Brussel. Verschijnt maandelijks en wordt uitgegeven op de grondslag van een redactiestatuut.

Landslides are one of the most prevalent catastrophes in the world, which can be caused by a variety of factors, human-related and natural. This study looks at the landslides that severely damaged Taliye village in the Raigad area of Maharashtra State, and it investigates the relationship between the causes of landslides and the primary contributory factor. Out of all the techniques for researching, detecting, and mitigating landslides, remote sensing and GIS have the best precision and dependability. Significant pre-and post-disaster changes in slope, land use, contour, hill shade, soil texture, NDVI, and rainfall were found through a comparative study of digitally processed thematic layers, highlighting the region's susceptibility to landslides. In this instance, we utilized the rainfall data and Weighted Overlay Method to analyze causative elements effectively. Efforts are made to identify the landslide key indicators in pre-landslide results and causative factors behind devastating landslides through post-landslide results. A major observation of the pre-and postlandslide susceptibility map classifies the area into six categories, with high-risk zones 5 and 6 showing 1.13 and 3.93%, respectively, reduced to 0 and 0.07%. It is obvious that the collapse of the zone vulnerable to landslides is what caused this alteration. Meteorological data, such as rainfall stats, serve as evidence to show that a significant amount of input led to triggering landslides. Therefore, it is crucial to apply these findings more broadly in order to formulate preventive strategies that are intended to mitigate potential repercussions and safeguard the welfare of every individual concerned.

Both Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Overlay Networks are decentralized and self-organizing networks with dynamic topology and responsible for routing queries in a distributed environment. Nevertheless, MANETs are composed of resource-constrained devices susceptible to faults, whereas P2P networks are fault-tolerant. Thus, we argue that these systems are not only similar, but also complementary, and that P2P networks are the ideal data sharing system for MANETs. This paper tackles the problem of integrating both networks from the point of view of content discovery. For that, we confront two classes of strategies: the structured strategy -based on distributed indexing -with the unstructured -based on flooding searches. More specifically, we study the performance of two P2P content discovery protocols over a MANET: Chord (structured) and Gnutella (unstructured). We use simulation to evaluate both protocols under many aspects and conclude that the choice of the strategy to be used depends on the application characteristics and the environment where it would be employed. Resumo. Ambas as Redes Móveis Ad hoc (MANETs) e as Redes Par-a-Par (P2P) são auto-organizáveis, de natureza descentralizada e responsáveis por rotear requisic ¸ões em ambientes distribuídos de topologia dinâmica. Entretanto, enquanto as MANETs são compostas de dispositivos com poucos recursos e, portanto, suscetíveis a falhas, as redes P2P são conhecidas pela sua tolerância a falhas. Por esta razão, sustentamos que MANETs e redes P2P não são apenas similares, mas também complementares e que sistemas P2P são ideais para se compartilhar arquivos em MANETs. Este trabalho aborda a integrac ¸ão dessas duas redes do ponto de vista de localizac ¸ão de conteúdo. Para tal, confrontamos a estratégia estruturada -que utiliza índexac ¸ão distribuídacom a não estruturada -que emprega flooding nas buscas. Mais especificamente, estudamos o desempenho sobre uma MANET de dois protocolos P2P de localizac ¸ão de conteúdo: Chord (estruturado) e Gnutella (não-estruturado). Utilizamos simulac ¸ão para efetuar os estudos sob diversos cenários e os resultados indicam que a escolha da estratégia a empregar dependerá da aplicac ¸ão e do ambiente em que será utilizada. O advento da computac ¸ão móvel e o avanc ¸o da Internet nos últimos anos possibilitou o aparecimento de novas tecnologias e a quebra de paradigmas. Dentre tais tecnologias duas têm obtido especial atenc ¸ão devido à vasta gama de aplicac ¸ões que oferecem e à facilidade de * Trabalho desenvolvido com apoio do CNPq/MCT e da CAPES/MEC.

Adequately supporting applications with Quality-of-service (QoS) requirements is a challenging task, particularly in the Internet. In great part, this is due to the fact that the provisioning of end-toend QoS to traffic that traverses multiple autonomous systems (ASes) requires a level of cooperation between ASes that is difficult to achieve in the current architecture. Recently, service overlay networks have been considered as an approach to QoS deployment that avoids these difficulties. In this study, the problem of the topological synthesis of a service overlay network is addressed. Endsystems and nodes of the overlay network are connected through ISPs that supports bandwidth reservations. The topology design problem is expressed as an optimization problem. Even though the design problem is related to the (in general NP-hard) quadratic assignment problem, it is shown that relatively simple heuristic algorithms can deliver results that are sometimes close to the optimal solution with little overhead.

Cyberterrorism poses a significant threat to the national security of the United States of America (USA), with critical infrastructure, such as commercial facilities, dams, emergency services, food and agriculture, healthcare and public health, and transportation systems virtually at risk. Consequently, this is due primarily to the country's heavy dependence on computer networks. With both domestic and international terrorists increasingly targeting any vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks, information sharing among security agencies has become critical. Cyberterrorism can be regarded as the purest form of information warfare. This literature review examines cyberterrorism and strategic communications, focusing on domestic cyberterrorism. Notable themes include the meaning of cyberterrorism, how cyberterrorism differs from cybercrime, and the threat posed by cyberterrorism to the USA. Prevention and deterrence of cyberterrorism through information sharing and legislation are also key themes. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified, and questions warranting additional research are outlined.

The increasing utilization of digital technologies presents risks to critical systems due to exploitation by terrorists. Cybersecurity entails proactive and reactive measures designed to protect software and electronic devices from any threats. However, the rising cases of cyber threats are carried out by domestic terrorists who share particular ideologies or grievances. This paper analyzes the increasing cyber-attack instances and mechanisms to counter these threats. Additionally, it addresses the growing concern of domestic terrorism and its impact on national security. Finally, it provides an overview of gaps and possible areas of future research to promote cybersecurity.

In this paper, a new Use-based usage CONtrol (UseCON) approach that supports recording of usages with the help of a new entity, named use, is presented. Uses provide information for the latest state (requested, active, denied, completed or terminated) of every usage and facilitate the fine-grained definition and proper association of attributes to various system entities. The proposed approach provides enhanced contextual information modeling, support of complicated access modes and an alternative approach in obligations modeling. Moreover, UseCON is characterized by high expressiveness and ability to define policy rules in almost natural language.

The security related characteristics of entities, the contextual information that describes them and the previous or concurrent usages exercised in the system are the criteria that the Usage CONtrol (UCON) family of models utilizes in the usage decision process. In this paper, a detailed classification of the aforementioned criteria along with a representative usage scenario for each category is presented, unveiling a number of UCON's limitations. In turn, a Use-based Usage CONtrol (UseCON) model is proposed that provides, for the creation of a usage decision, enhanced handling of information regarding context and previous or current usages exercised in the system. The enhanced capabilities of the proposed approach are demonstrated and discussed with the use of detailed application examples.

Usage CONtrol (UCON) is a next generation access control model enhanced with capabilities presented in trust and digital rights management. However, modern computing environments are usually introducing complex usage scenarios. Such a complexity results in involving a large number of entities and in utilizing multi party contextual information during the decision making process of a particular usage. Moreover, usage control is demanded to support novel access modes on single or composite resources, while taking into account new socio-technical abstractions and relations. In this paper, a number of challenging issues faced when UCON is applied in modern computing environments are highlighted through the utilization of representative usage scenarios. The results of this study are revealing various limitations in contextual information handling, lack to support complicated usage modes of subjects on objects, and weaknesses in utilizing information concerning previous or current usages of system resources.

Recent government-led efforts and industry-sponsored privacy initiatives in the healthcare sector have received heightened publicity. The current set of privacy laws and regulations mandate that all parties involved in the delivery of care specify and publish privacy policies regarding the use and disclosure of personal health information. Our study of actual privacy policies in the healthcare industry indicates that the vague representations in published privacy policies are not strongly correlated with adequate privacy protection for the patient. This phenomenon is not due to a lack of available technology to enforce privacy policies, but rather to the will of the healthcare entities to enforce strong privacy protections and their interpretation of minimum compliance obligations. Using available information systems and data mining techniques, we describe an infrastructure for privacy protection based on the idea of policy refinement to allow the transition from the current state of perceived to be privacy-preserving systems to actually privacy-preserving systems.

This paper describes Service Clouds, a distributed infrastructure designed to facilitate rapid prototyping and deployment of services that enhance communication performance, robustness, and security. The infrastructure combines adaptive middleware functionality with an overlay network substrate in order to support dynamic instantiation and reconfiguration of services. The Service Clouds architecture includes a collection of lowlevel facilities that can be either invoked directly by applications or used to compose more complex services. After describing the Service Clouds architecture, we present results of two experimental case studies conducted on the PlanetLab Internet testbed, the first to improve throughput of bulk data transfer, and the second to enhance the robustness of multimedia streaming.

In today’s digital arena security of the computer systems is one of the most important factors for users and businesses, as an attack on a system via the internet (cyber-attack) may cause heavy data loss and considerable harm to businesses. The increasing range of cyber-attacks has made traditional anti-virus scanners inefficient and are not fulfilling the desired need for protection. Hence, an advanced level of skill is required for the development of anti-attacking tools embedded with Artificial Intelligence to combat cyber threats. Modern warfare and international cybercrime have also increasingly involved cyber-attacks including targeted distribution attacks or highly networked spying, resulting in extremely dangerous malware attacks that were explicitly designed and released by nations to cause large-scale damage to organizations or infrastructure. Because of such evolving threats, more advanced tools for malware detection, prevention, and recovery are increasing in demand which would aim at defending computing networks from attack. This paper introduces a comparison between some of the best-rated artificial intelligence-embedded antivirus software programs so that a well-suited one could be used by users or enterprises accordingly. This report draws a basic understanding of the technological features provided by each of the software programs and also shows some evident drawbacks, if present. Meanwhile, it also points out some facts related to the use of AI in antiviruses and the scope of Artificial Intelligence in Cyber security.

Web services security has been a challenging issue in recent years because current security mechanisms, such as conventional firewalls, are not sufficient for protecting service-oriented systems from XML-based attacks. In order to provide effective security mechanisms for service-oriented systems, XML firewalls were recently introduced as an extension to conventional firewalls for web services security. In this paper, we present a state-based XML firewall architecture that supports role-based access control and detection of XMLbased attacks. We develop a detailed design of our statebased XML firewall by defining state-based information, user information, and various access control policies and detection rules. The detection rules are modularized into separate units, which support real-time detection and verification of various types of XML-based attacks using state-based information and user information. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we develop a prototype state-based XML firewall, and demonstrate how XML-based attacks can be efficiently detected.

This research investigation explores the security landscape in terms of Operating Systems (OS) security and the two dominant mobile operating systems, Android and Apple iOS, in response to the escalating concerns surrounding data privacy and cybersecurity in the realm of the security ecosystem. Through a multidisciplinary methodology comprising data processing evaluation, technical analysis, vulnerability assessment, comparative analysis, real-world case studies, and expert interviews, the research aims to evaluate the efficacy of the security measures implemented by cybersecurity terminologies within protecting user data and mitigating cyber threats. Commencing with an extensive synthesizes for existing research, industry reports, and scholarly articles to contextualize the current state of mobile operating system security. Simultaneously, the security measures employed by both operating systems, such as encryption algorithms, secure boot mechanisms, app sandboxing, and permission models, are evaluated to gauge their effectiveness in thwarting cyber threats. Through a comparative analysis, the exploration elucidates the divergent security postures of mobile computing Android, iOS, delineating their respective strengths and weaknesses. Noteworthy cybersecurity of OS disparities in security architectures, update mechanisms, ecosystem dynamics are identified, providing insights into their implications for end users, enterprises. The results, findings, offering diverse perspectives on emerging trends, best practices in terms of cybersecurity, OS security, Mobile Technical Computing Security. Ethical considerations remain paramount throughout the research process, ensuring responsible handling of sensitive information. This research contributes valuable insights into OS, Cybersecurity, mobile computing, operating system security, informing policymakers, practitioners, researchers within cybersecurity. By adopting a holistic approach and integrating realworld insights, this research aims to facilitate informed decisionmaking and foster advancements in terms of security practices.

ÖZET: Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal medya bağımlığı ile gıda ürünü satın alma niyeti arasında duygusal yemenin aracılık yönünü ortaya koymaktır.
Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Bu araştırmada ekonomik ve zamansal koşullar değerlendirilerek kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Toplam 644 katılımcıdan toplanan verilerden analize uygun olanları seçilerek 601 anket çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Oluşturulan veri setine aracılık modeli uygulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda demografik değişkenlere göre ölçek ortalaması farklılığını ortaya koyabilmek için Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testleri uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarında çevrim içi satın alma niyeti, duygusal yeme ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeklerinin katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine göre farklılık göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. Aracılık açısından değerlendirildiğinde, duygusal yemenin sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve çevrim içi satın alma niyeti arasında destekleyici rolünün bulunduğu görülmektedir.
Özgünlük: P2P platformalar üzerinden yiyecek içecek sipariş edilmesinin tüketim ve psikoloji unsurlarıyla birlikte değerlendirilmesi çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı, Duygusal Yeme, Satın Alma Niyeti, Gıda Ürünleri, Kişiler Arası (P2P) Platformlar /////
ABSTRACT: Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of emotional eating between social media addiction and food product purchase intention.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, data were collected by convenience sampling method by considering economic and temporal conditions. A total of 601 questionnaires were included in the study by selecting the ones suitable for analysis from the data collected from 644 participants. Mediation model was applied to the created data set. At the same time, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were applied to reveal the difference in scale mean according to demographic variables.
Results: The results of the analyses revealed that online purchase intention, emotional eating and social media addiction scales did not differ according to the demographic characteristics of the participants. In terms of mediation, it is seen that emotional eating has a supporting role between social media addiction and online purchase intention.
Originality: Evaluating food and beverage ordering through P2P platforms together with consumption and psychological elements reveals the importance of the study.
KEYWORDS: Keywords: Online Purchase Intention, Social Media Addiction, Emotional Eating, Food Products, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Platform

Network Virtualization (NV) techniques enable high scalability and isolation by abstracting physical resources to provide a logical network representation that can coexist with a physical networking framework. Traditional NV is prone to security attacks and has lower privacy and trustfulness compared to blockchain-established NV. We diagnose the BC-established NV construct under 5 segments and closely appraise the literature in reference to NV technique, virtualization technology, BC-related properties, and network properties. We racked up a starting sample of 85 sources by filtering literary work for qualifying conditions searched from article retrieval platforms, engaging a rigorous and prolonged approach. Anchored from this research, in BC-established NV, we demonstrate that BC can act as a broker/manager for NV, act as a secure storage by preventing double-spending attacks, provide secure virtual network embedding with high fault tolerance, engage BC and smart contacts for resource trading in the process of NV, engage dedicated consensus approaches to reach agreement for NV among multiple parties for reducing security attacks, and establish BC-established access control for NV. Complete interpretation disseminates that from interpreted BCestablished NV schemes, 45% engage BC and smart contracts for agreements and resource trading for NV, 95% engage regular BC architecture, Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) being the most frequently used consensus, 80% engage the overlay network concept, and it has been engaged abundantly (27.5%) in 5G networks. Finally, we deliberate the possibilities and obstacles of the framework of blockchain-established NV and then provide suggestions to suppress them.

In today’s digital arena security of the computer systems is one of the most important factors for users and businesses, as an attack on a system via the internet (cyber-attack) may cause heavy data loss and considerable harm to businesses. The increasing range of cyber-attacks has made traditional anti-virus scanners inefficient and are not fulfilling the desired need for protection. Hence, an advanced level of skill is required for the development of anti-attacking tools embedded with Artificial Intelligence to combat cyber threats. Modern warfare and international cybercrime have also increasingly involved cyber-attacks including targeted distribution attacks or highly networked spying, resulting in extremely dangerous malware attacks that were explicitly designed and released by nations to cause large-scale damage to organizations or infrastructure. Because of such evolving threats, more advanced tools for malware detection, prevention, and recovery are increasing in demand which would aim at defending computing networks from attack. This paper introduces a comparison between some of the best-rated artificial intelligence-embedded antivirus software programs so that a well-suited one could be used by users or enterprises accordingly. This report draws a basic understanding of the technological features provided by each of the software programs and also shows some evident drawbacks, if present. Meanwhile, it also points out some facts related to the use of AI in antiviruses and the scope of Artificial Intelligence in Cyber security.

Die Geschichte dieses Buches beginnt für mich in einem Büro im Gebäude am Herrengarten in Siegen. Als studentische Hilfskraft im Projekt A01 des Sonderforschungsbereichs 1187 "Medien der Kooperation" war ich zunächst hauptsächlich für Nadine Taha tätig und mit Aufgaben betraut, die viele Studierende kennen: Bibliotheken durchforsten, Literatur aufbereiten und Materialien für die Forschenden bereitstellen. Es waren Tätigkeiten, die mir einen ersten Einblick in die Wissenschaft ermöglichten, ohne dass ich damals ahnen konnte, wohin diese Reise führen würde. Mit der Zeit erweiterte sich mein Aufgabenspektrum, und ich wurde als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft (WHB) stärker in die Forschungsarbeit eingebunden. Schließlich ergab sich Ende 2021 eine einmalige Gelegenheit: Als Teil des Teams durfte ich an einer Forschungsreise zum CERN teilnehmen, jener historischen Stätte, an der das World Wide Web entwickelt wurde. In der Cafeteria des CERN, wo einst visionäre Gespräche über die Zukunft der digitalen Kommunikation geführt wurden, hatte ich das Privileg, direkt an den Originalschauplätzen der Web-Geschichte zu arbeiten und diese faszinierende Entwicklung aus den Akten heraus nachzuvollziehen. Die Tage am CERN prägten mich nachhaltig. Die Archive, die Gespräche mit Zeitzeug:innen wie Robert Cailliau und die Atmosphäre eines Ortes, an dem Geschichte geschrieben wurde, lieferten die Grundlage für meine Masterarbeit über das Projekt Alexandria. Es ist eine Geschichte voller Ideale, Konflikte und technischer Visionen, die mich von Anfang an in ihren Bann zog. Die Masterarbeit entwickelte sich zu einem umfassenden Forschungsprojekt, das durch die Unterstützung des SFB 1187 möglich wurde. Nun erscheint diese

Now a days P2P networks are widely used for voice and video communications and also in many transactions like file sharing. In P2P networks DHT (Distributed Hash Table) oriented routing protocols gives an efficient way to search the contents (like files) between various peers. A DHT protocol works on a hash function for the P2P application that provides a key and searches the responsible nodes for the particular key. In this paper the core focus is targeted to identify a new hash function that can enhance the working of DHT by generating a new identifier for p2p nodes. The Chord protocol is also chosen as the routing protocol for the numerous reasons those are conferred in this paper.

Приговор савести односи се на институцију одбијања учешћа у оружаним сукобима из разлога који могу бити узроковани верским, моралним, политичким или неким другим убеђењима. Њега прати захтев за алтернативним обликом служења војне обавезе. Феномен одбијања учешћа у оружаним сукобима и анти-милитаризма у неким контекстима се такође назива и пацифизам или анти-ратни активизам. Појединци и групе који се боре за прихватање овог опредељења и његовог правног препознавања бројни су у свету, а присутни и на нашим просторима. Главни задатак овог рада је пружање свеобухватног прегледа овог феномена кроз међународне и националне политике и праксе, као и кроз актуелна питања која се постављају поновним увођењем војне обавезе у Србији најављеним за почетак 2025. године. Кроз тематизовање недостатка свеобухватног решења за реализацију приговора савести на међународном нивоу и нужности да се ово питање сагледа шире него само као питање људских права, у раду ћемо се посебно осврнути на Женевске конвенције и питање (не)адекватног препознавања овог проблема у склопу споразума којима се регулише рат и других полуга међународног права. Сумираће се иницијативе и полуге правног обезбеђења права на приговор савести као део принципа хуманости који је неопходно доследније применити кроз различите области међународног и националног права. Као други циљ рада разматраћемо уважавање права на приговор савести на нашим просторима и током оружаних сукоба у бившој Југославији, али и у контексту активности спроведених са циљем популаризације и признавања права на приговор савести. Поред прегледа актера који су деловали са циљем обезбеђења услова за остварење овог права код нас, анализа ће се позабавити и нашим законским решењима, ставом међународне заједнице, али и званичним реакцијама надлежних органа на приговор савести код нас у контексту актуелног враћања обавезе војног рока у Србији. КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ: Женевска конвенција, приговор савести, анти-милитаризам, међународно право, правни статус

This paper briefly discusses the various attendance monitoring technologies from manual to automated monitoring systems. Also, the Authors discussed on the impacts through strengthening the key features in contributing a more timely and efficient performance of employees, students and other external parties. Extended research of evolving attendance systems will be discussed further.

Veštačka inteligencija, kao najaktuelnija tehnologija savremenog doba, predstavlja skup algoritama, tj. softverskih
alata koji, primenjeni na određeni hardver, omogućavaju da razni uređaji postanu „pametni”, odnosno da budu u stanju da mnoge
zadatke obavljaju samostalno i bez stalnog čovekovog nadzora. U
savremenim oružanim sukobima veštačka inteligencija (VI) koristi se u različitim oblicima u vidu softverskih alata, koji
pomažu situacionoj analizi i bržem donošenju odluka, kao i u obliku primenjenom na hardver, kada omogućavaju brže identifikovanje meta i preciznije ciljanje. U radu su predstavljeni oblici
veštačke inteligencije koji su u najčešćoj upotrebi u današnjim
sukobima. Takođe, posebno je istaknuta upotreba sajber oružja, koje
predstavlja sve značajniji element savremenih sukoba. Naglašeni
su i rizici koji se javljaju pri korišćenju VI, jer iako smanjuju
pojedine tradicionalno prepoznate rizike, dolazi do pojave novih rizika, koji proističu iz upotrebe ovih moćnih alata u svrhe
sukoba. Zaključak je da nam, kao društvu, ova nova tehnologija omogućava „humanije” sukobe, sa manje žrtava i manje štete, ali da,
ipak, upotreba te tehnologije i dalje zavisi od ljudi i njihovih
razloga za sukob.

Although, the Internet had existed for many decades as the ARPANET since 1969, it was only after 1991 when the British MIT professor, Sir Tim Beners-Lee, invented the World Wide Web (WWW), which also runs on the Internet that the Internet attained the heights it has to this end. This major technological breakthrough helped cement the Internet in the annals of technology history because of the way it has impacted the World in information dissemination. Today, at the click of a computer mouse, one reaches a friend or family member thousands of miles away because of this extraordinary breakthrough. However, notwithstanding these positives, our confidential files and even our individual lives have become a target for would-be criminals who have specialized in the art of hacking into people's computers or intercepting people's electronic messages. These kinds of crimes are simply termed as cybercrimes. Through cybercrimes, criminals have been able to intercept people's credit...

Abstract In this research, Cleeve Corporation is utilized as a case study to explore the multifaceted challenges that modern organizations face in the realm of cybersecurity. In September 2023, Cleeve Corporation, a prominent global entity, suffered a significant cyberattack that compromised sensitive data for approximately 200 million users. This incident underscores the urgent need for comprehensive security measures tailored to the evolving threat landscape. To address these vulnerabilities, the study recommends a multi-layered cybersecurity strategy, which includes the implementation of rigorous security policies, investment in advanced malware detection technologies utilizing machine learning, and regular employee training programs. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of continuous software updates and a robust incident response plan, advocating for the adoption of a Zero Trust security model and the establishment of continuous monitoring through advanced intrusion detection systems. By applying these recommendations, Cleeve Corporation can enhance its cybersecurity resilience, safeguard sensitive information, and effectively mitigate future threats in an increasingly complex digital environment. The findings not only illuminate the specific vulnerabilities faced by Cleeve Corporation but also provide a framework that other organizations can adopt to bolster their cybersecurity defenses.

The deal was great for telephone companies -long-distance companies will see big savings on access charges paid to local companies and local companies will get to increase charges to all consumers. While long-distance companies agreed to remove one of their surcharges, those charges were part of their rates and subject to competition. The increased line charge is not subject to competitive forces. The FCC raised local charges by billions of dollars without requiting local companies to provide any cost justification. The Public Advocate will oppose this decision through his affiliation with a national organization of utility consumer advocates. As always, there's no sing!(( 1 0 west,6ost phone company for every customer. The places you call, thea!noui;it.Y(ll/ call, the time you call, and the length of your calls .de\\lpW11e)t!Jy •1Pwest,c 0 st carrier for you. However, there are now tv;o G.!lrrier §'th.~t;~ppear to offer the lowest-cost calling plans forth,e,~~J?fi\i;.~ftriii~~lt §};91Iit&mef~ipMaine who use at least a modest nu.Jnbet'cofJF~!atem .f~D.tx~~t<1ty'iJ1Mll1JtYB each month. GTC Telecorn•~.~c~~f 1~t~4f : • • • it~~fr!fJ~~~\lh~s.iper . . minute. Combining thatW,jt!J:}J '• '<t' :~t~t~;~at(l (applicable at

Cyberterrorism poses a significant and evolving threat in the digital age. Cyberterrorism has emerged
as a grave concern in the contemporary world, with potential impacts on national security and global stability.
This paper delves into the intricate realm of cyberterrorism, shedding light on its significance and consequences.
By understanding the motivations and tactics employed by cyber terrorists, we can better comprehend the threats
we face and develop strategies to safeguard against them. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of
cyberterrorism, including its historical background, motivations, tactics, and potential consequences. It explores
the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, government systems, and financial institutions, prime targets for
cyber terrorists. Additionally, the paper discusses the legal and ethical implications of countering cyberterrorism
and provides insights into future trends and challenges. It concludes with recommendations for effective security
measures to mitigate the risks associated with cyberterrorism.

With rapid increase in population and urbanization, the use of automobiles is increasing rapidly. Along with this automobile thefts are increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. So to escape from these thieves most of the vehicle owners have started using the theft control systems. The main objective of this paper is to design a system which will protect the vehicle from any unauthorized access, through entering a protected password and RFID tag and automatically incur penalty to the driver for violation of traffic rules. KeywordsRFID, RF transmitter and receiver, IR Transmitter and Receiver,Microcontroller

This study provides a detailed statistical analysis of over 40,000 wallets active on the Base network, emphasizing performance metrics and demographic trends. Data on wallet activity, token balances, and transaction histories were gathered and analyzed using APIs such as Basescan, Covalent, and Moralis. To overcome the limitations of conventional metrics, novel performance indices, including variations in ROI, were introduced. A custom algorithm was developed to identify "alpha wallets" - a select group of traders with consistently high performance - prioritized for copy trading. This approach was incorporated into an automated pipeline that offers real-time notifications via a Telegram bot, RoboCopy (@RC_base_bot), delivering actionable insights on top-performing wallets.

Information systems and data are necessary resources for several companies and individuals, but they likewise encounter numerous risks and dangers that can threaten their protection and value. Information security and information assurance are two connected expressions of protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems and data. Information security relates to the processes and methods that block unlawful entry, reform, or exposure of data; in contrast, information assurance covers the expansive aspirations of ensuring that data is responsible, consistent, and flexible. This paper leads the primary models, rules, and challenges of information security and information assurance, examines some of the top methods, principles, and guidelines that can aid in reaching them, and then investigates the modification in prominence for information security from being obscured in the information technology field to a liability pretending to be in the middle resolving all technology breaches around the world. This paper weighs the various controls and how information assurance can be used to spotlight security problems by focusing on human resource assets and technology. Finally, it demonstrates how information assurance must be considered above others' technology pretending to secure the information.

The (s,t) expected-hop-count (EHC) in a wireless communication network (WCN), modeled as a graph with probabilistic node failures, is the expected number of operational nodes that a message must traverse from a node s to reach its destination node t. A typical solution for the problem uses factoring theorem to compute the EHC of WCN. Instead, this paper proposes a 2-step approach that utilizes the sum-of-disjoint-product (SDP) technique. First, we provide an efficient technique to generate all (s,t) simple paths considering only the nodes of the WCN. We also propose an efficient algorithm to enumerate all (s,t) simple paths of an interval-graph. Second, we propose using the SDP technique over the paths to compute the reliability and EHC. We show (conjecture) that our SDP-based technique solves the reliability measures in polynomial time (pseudo-polynomial) for WCN containing all disjoint-paths (forming an interval-graph). Simulations on several WCN under various conditions show that the SDP-based technique computes the reliability and EHC in several orders of magnitude faster than the existing factoring-based algorithm. The paper also discusses some application of the reliability measures.

The legislation "puts into place virtually every cost-control reform proposed by physicians, economists, and health policy experts."-Peter Orszag and Ezekiel Emanuel' "The job of figuring how to cover uninsured people used up all the political oxygen that was available. They didn't have the energy for costs."-Alan Sager 2 For decades, the U.S. health care system has grappled with two key problemsinadequate access to coverage and increasingly unaffordable health care costs. Paradoxically, the U.S. spends far more of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care than do other economically-advanced democracies, yet provides health care insurance to fewer of its citizens.' During the debate that led to the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, public officials recognized the need to address the problems of both access and cost, but in the end, the Act does far more about increasing access than it does about cutting

Absensi kehadiran radio frequency identification (RFID) adalah sistem otomasi yang menggunakan (RFID) untuk memantau dan mencatat kehadiran individu. Teknologi RFID memungkinkan perangkat membaca dan menyimpan data melalui sinyal radio, memungkinkan pengumpulan data ketepatan waktu yang efisien dan akurat. Sistem Absensi RFID mengintegrasikan tag RFID ke dalam tag identifikasi atau perangkat yang dapat ditempelkan pada benda seperti gelang atau lencana. Ketika seseorang mendekati tag pembaca RFID, data keberadaan mereka secara otomatis dicatat. Informasi ini kemudian dapat diakses dan dianalisis melalui perangkat lunak yang relevan, sehingga pihak yang berkepntingan dapat memantau kehadiran karyawan atau peserta secara real time. Manfaat utama sistem penunjuk waktu RFID mencakup kemudahan penggunaan, akurasi tinggi, dan kemampuan untuk mengurangi penipuan atau kesalahan manusia selama proses penunjuk waktu. Selain itu, sistem ini dapat diintegrasikan dengan sistem manajemen data yang ada, memungkinkan pemrosesan dan analisis data kehadiran secara efisien. Namun, penerapan sistem ketepatan waktu RFID juga memerlukan biaya awal yang tinggi dalam hal infrastruktur dan perangkat keras, serta memerlukan investasi dalam pelatihan untuk memastikan penggunaan yang efektif.

Modernization of Medicare (CMS) leveraging Microsoft Technologies The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has undergone significant transformations in the 21 st century. Presently, CMS is moving towards modernizing its processes

This paper examines the transformative role of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in enhancing payment accuracy and fraud detection within the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). By integrating advanced analytical techniques, this study analyzes the effectiveness of various machine learning models including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks in identifying and predicting fraudulent claims within CMS submissions. The research utilizes comprehensive datasets from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) alongside CMS's public use files to demonstrate the impact of BDA on improving the integrity and efficiency of healthcare payment systems. The findings underscore BDA's potential to significantly reduce fraudulent activities and improve financial operations within healthcare, providing actionable insights for policy makers and stakeholders in the healthcare sector. This study not only highlights the practical applications of BDA in combating fraud but also discusses the challenges and future directions for integrating these technologies into CMS's operational framework.

The malware threat for mobile phones is expected to increase with the functionality enhancement of mobile phones. This threat is exacerbated with the surge in population of smart phones instilled with stable Internet access which provides attractive targets for malware developers. Currently, in the smartphone market, Android is the platform with the highest share. Due to this popularity and also to its open source nature, Android-based smartphones are now an ideal target for attackers. Since the number of malware designed for Android devices is increasing fast, Android users are looking for security solutions aimed at preventing malicious actions from damaging their smartphones. Prior research on malware protection has focused on avoiding the negative impact of the functionality limitations of mobile phones to keep the performance cost within the limitations of mobile phones. From this perspective, we propose and analyze some potential limitation-oriented techniques for effective ma...

With the current growth in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing, data management in P2P systems has become a very important issue, yet from literature little research effort has been dedicated to this field. Data management in P2P systems covers a wide range of issues starting from storage and indexing, replication and search to security and privacy. In this paper we propose a modularized data management model for P2P systems that cleanly separates the functional components, enabling the implementation of various P2P services with specific quality of service requirements using a common infrastructure besides improving the data management in the P2P system. We present the potential applications that could exploit the advantages our model provides.

Abstrak : Dalam percobaan ini dilakukan pembuatan sistem instrumentasi untuk pengukuran posisi linier menggunakan linear slider potentiometer berbasis PC. Proses akusisi, pengolahan dan tampilan data dilakukan oleh perangkat lunak yang dibuat menggunakan Labview versi 8.6. Sistem ini terdiri dari linier potentiometer, rangkaian buffer, kartu akuisisi NI DAQ dan laptop. Karakteristik sensor dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan matematis X = 11,07Vo – 11,40 dengan X adalah posisi (mm) dan Vo adalah tegangan potensiometer (V). Alat ini diuji dengan cara melakukan pengukuran ketebalan plat PCB sebanyak 10 sampel. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kesalahan pengukuran rata-rata alat ini sebesar 0,02 mm.

Web Services make it easy for organisations to participate in real time communication. The inevitable challenge facing organisations today is to implement adequate Web Services security. The attacks on Web Services might cause halt of the entire network communication or expose confidential information in an organisation. In this paper, we present, Web Services security and security concerns together with analysis of possible attacks on SOAP 1 implementation of XML 2 Web Services over HTTP 3. We will discuss some important questions about Web Services vulnerabilities emphasized by a study based on investigation of security problems in XML Web Services, and interviews with security experts. The result of this study is presented as possible attacks on XML Web Services.

Summary Web Services make it easy for organisations to participate in real time communication. The inevitable challenge facing organisations today is to implement adequate Web Services security. The attacks on Web Services might cause halt of the entire network communication or expose confidential information in an organisation. In this paper, we present, Web Services security and security concerns together with

Network characteristics in the Internet of Things (large scale networks, more dynamic and more heterogeneous) increase the complexity in the design and provision of advanced services, making the traditional approaches inefficient or even inappropriate. This paper focuses on the design of a novel and open overlay network architecture for the end-to-end interconnection of networked (physical or virtual) objects, the support of distributed information fusion and the provision of advanced services in challenging (e.g. large scale, heterogeneous, resource constrained, etc.) environments. The proposed architecture follows a layered-approach and aims at the provision of a generic framework that will facilitate the design and development of autonomic and decentralized services in Internet of Things deployments.

Kontrol kehadiran sangat penting karena selain berkaitan dengan tunjangan pegawai juga berfungsi sebagai kontrol pembinaan disiplin pegawai. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BKP-SDM) Kabupaten Bombana menggunakan bantuan mesin absensi berbasis &lt;em&gt;fingerprint&lt;/em&gt; namun di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini, mesin tersebut tidak digunakan lagi karena proses absensinya yang mengharuskan pegawai untuk melakukan kontak langsung dengan mesin absensi sehingga sangat rentan terhadap penularan virus Covid-19. Untuk itu, diperlukan adanya solusi untuk mengaktifkan kembali kegiatan absensi berbasis teknologi yang lebih aman dari resiko penyebaran penyakit COVID-19 dengan memanfaatkan fitur &lt;em&gt;Radio Frequency Identification&lt;/em&gt; (RFID). Karakteristik RFID yang bisa bekerja secara optimal dengan jarak maksimal 15 cm dengan &lt;em&gt;tag responder &lt;/em&gt;memungkinkan pegawai melakukan absensi tanpa kontak langsung dengan...

Fingerprint attendance system aims to automate the attendance management procedure of an educational institution using biometric technology. This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a fingerprint device and the records of the attendance are stored in a database. Microcontroller controls the whole process and LCD shows the different instructions to carry out the process. Index impression has been taken as a signature for the system entry. Besides, the opportunity to choose the institution departure time helps to ensure proper bus scheduling by the transportation department. The results showed improved performance over manual attendance management system. In comparison with other related systems, this process has been found to be much more flexible, cost effective and secured. This system provides immense opportunity in determining class attendance for developing countries like Nigeria.

his is the tenth issue of the series on Network and Service Management, which is typically published twice a year. It was originally published in April and October, but since last year it is published in July and December. The series provides articles on the latest developments in this well established discipline, highlighting recent research achievements and providing insight into both theoretical and practical issues related to the evolution of the discipline from different perspectives. The series provides a forum for the publication of both academic and industrial research, addressing the state of the art, theory, and practice in network and service management. An important recent development in the community was the change of chairmanship of the IEEE Committee on Network Operations and Management (CNOM; ). Prof. James Won-Ki Hong of POSTECH, Korea, stepped down as chair of IEEE CNOM after serving for two terms of two years each. Under James' active leadership and in conjunction with the respective chair of IFIP WG 6.6, the flagship management conferences Integrated Management (IM) and Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS) became more valuable to the community, and previously self-standing events such as DSOM, MMNS, and IPOM were integrated into Manweek. After a call for nominations, the election for new chairs took place last June during IEEE/IFIP IM 2009, and the new CNOM chairs elected are the following: Chair, Dr.