Neo-institutional theory

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Les premières occurrences du néologisme « autodrome » et les premiers débats sur l'utilité de ce type d'infrastructure apparaissent dans la presse autour de 1896, un article de L'Écho de Paris du 29 septembre 1896 fait ainsi le récit d'un dîner qui réunissait notamment le comte de Dion et Michelin au cours duquel « on parle de la création d'un autodrome ». 2 Fondé le 12 novembre 1895, l'Automobile Club de France est rapidement à l'origine de plusieurs initiatives qui ont marqué le sport automobile en France et à l'international, cf. François Bernard, avec François Granet, Jean-

Local law enforcement has dramatically increased its cooperation with federal immigration enforcement, while other localities refuse to cooperate. Although scholars have examined how sanctuary cities may differ from other places in terms of crime rates, attitudes toward local law enforcement's collaboration with federal immigration authorities remain understudied. We utilize original data from the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey (CCES) to study attitudes toward local/federal collaboration. Our results demonstrate that those who most recognize the racial advantage of Whites are significantly less likely to support collaboration between local police and federal authorities. Confirming prior work, our results also support the critical role of partisanship, nativity, and education in explaining attitudes toward sanctuary policies. Our findings have important implications for understanding attitudes toward immigration enforcement and policies.

L' automobile figure parmi les inventions les plus marquantes du XIXᵉ siècle, et elle demeure aujourd'hui un pilier fondamental de nos sociétés modernes. Son rôle dans l'essor démographique et économique de notre civilisation est indéniable. En facilitant les déplacements et les échanges, elle a grandement contribué au développement économique et social à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, limiter la voiture à sa seule fonction de transport reviendrait à négliger l'ensemble de ses impacts, notamment sur l'environnement et sur l'organisation même de nos sociétés. En réalité, une automobile est bien plus que son usage quotidien : elle est le fruit d'une chaîne de production complexe, impliquant de multiples procédés industriels, acteurs économiques et ressources naturelles. C'est pourquoi il convient d'adopter une approche globale, en tenant compte de l'ensemble du cycle de vie d'un véhicule-de l'extraction des matières premières à son démantèlement en fin de vie-pour évaluer avec rigueur son véritable impact environnemental . Cette perspective est d'autant plus cruciale à l'ère de la transition énergétique, où la voiture électrique est souvent présentée comme une solution durable sans toujours faire l'objet d'une analyse critique complète.

Denne artikkelen er publisert I boken «Religionens Rolle i Bistand og Utvikling», (2012) redigert av Asle Jøssang og Arne Olav Øyhus og publisert på Portal Forlag i Kristiansand. Er kristne organisasjoner gode forvaltere? Er de annerledes enn sekulaere organisasjoner? Dette er spørsmål jeg har vaert opptatt av i mange år. Grunnen til at jeg personlig har vaert opptatt av dette er nok at jeg er utdannet økonom og samtidig har mange års arbeidserfaring fra avisen Vårt Land og fra Misjonsalliansen. Begge disser virksomhetene definerer seg som "kristne". Jeg har også jobbet som konsulent for flere andre kristne bistandsaktører både i Norge og i andre land. 2 I møte med, og som ansatt i, kristne organisasjoner har jeg opplevd stor motivasjon for å stå på ekstra og "jobbe for saken". Men samtidig har jeg i noen sammenhenger følt på organisasjonskulturer som "baerer over med" svakheter. På en måte har jeg følt at kristne organisasjoner står i spagat. Mens et bein strekker seg mot forvalteransvaret så strekker det andre beinet seg mot tilgivelsen. Motivert av lignelsen om talentene i Bibelen kan vi forvente at kristne organisasjoner har fokus på effektivitet og resultatoppnåelse. Men motivert av lignelsene om Den bortkomne sønn eller Den barmhjertige Samaritaner så er det like naturlig å forvente at kristne organisasjoner gir sine ansatte, sine ledere og sine andre interessenter stadig nye muligheter selv når de har svake resultater å vise til. Fra en forskers ståsted er denne spagaten interessant og den har motivert meg til å skrive dette kapitelet. Vi kan med andre ord argumentere for at kristne organisasjoner bør vaere bedre, det vil si mer effektive og oppnå bedre resultater enn sekulaere organisasjoner, men vi kan også argumentere for at kristne organisasjoner er mindre effektive og oppnår dårligere resultater enn sekulaere organisasjoner. Kristne organisasjoner er aktive i mange bransjer hvor de også konkurrerer med sekulaere organisasjoner. Mediebransjen er allerede nevnt. Helse, sosial, utdanning og bistand er nok de 1 Dette kapitelet refererer og bygger videre på en større studie hvor jeg samarbeider med professorene Magne Supphellen fra Handelshøyskolen i Bergen og Bert d'Espallier fra Hogeschool-Universiteit i Brussel. Sammen jobber vi med å identifisere forskjeller og likheter mellom sekulaere og kristne mikrofinansinstitusjoner. 2 Siden jeg har lang arbeidserfaring fra kristne organisasjoner og virksomheter har jeg i dette kapitelet valgt en langt mer personlig form enn det som er vanlig i forskningsartikler.

In France, occupational exposure related to asbestos has been responsible for nearly 200,000 deaths, leading to a massive scandal in the 1990s. In this article, I report the results of a qualitative empirical study, based on 50 interviews with victims, of how those affected by asbestos exposure interacted with two types of compensation mechanism: a compensation fund -a public administrative system subsidized by employers' taxes -and the courts. Several scholars have asserted that, given that the employers are not judged to be guilty in this instance, compensation through such funds does not carry any moral meaning. In contrast to these arguments, I show that victims attribute a diversity of normative meanings to these mechanisms. The analysis highlights, in particular, how three factors affect the ability of victims to attribute normative meanings to compensation processes: the career paths of the victims; the trust of victims in their employer; and the type of legal intermediaries they meet -namely, doctors or victims' associations. The article encourages scholars to analyze the role of these legal intermediaries in order to understand how victims make sense of a particularly complex public health scandal.

The day-to-day behaviors of undocumented immigrants are significantly affected when local law enforcement officials do the work of federal immigration enforcement. One such behavior, which has been widely discussed in debates over so-called sanctuary policies, is that undocumented immigrants are less likely to report crimes to the police when local law enforcement officials work with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on federal immigration enforcement. However, the mechanism that explains this relationship of decreased trust in law enforcement has not yet been systematically tested. Do undocumented immigrants become less trusting of police officers and sheriffs when local law enforcement officials work with ICE on federal immigration enforcement? To answer this, we embedded an experiment that varied the interior immigration enforcement context in a survey (n = 512) drawn from a probability-based sample of undocumented immigrants. When local law enforcement officials wor...

In this paper, we analyze the effect of the country's institutional forces on the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) within the companies listed on Pakistan's stock exchange. Numbers of theories (e.g., institutional theory, legitimacy theory) are used to understand the relationship among the formal institutional forces and the level of CSRD. The available assumptions for the regression model were fulfilled in addition to Hausman's test. It was found that the level of CSRD is sensitive to the intensity of various local institutional forces. Such types of institutional forces predict the limits how to understand, build, and maintain the relationship between business and society. The results of the study offer a comprehensive picture for policy-makers, practitioners, and common corporate beneficiaries to understand the "why' and "how" of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomena in developing countries context, particularly in Pakistan.

Cette étude examine l'effet momentum sur le marché boursier marocain suite à l'annonce de
l'organisation conjointe de la Coupe du Monde 2030. Analysant un échantillon de 75 entreprises
cotées à la Bourse de Casablanca, nous combinons une étude événementielle et une analyse de
séries chronologiques. L'étude événementielle évalue les rendements anormaux cumulés (RAC)
sur 60 jours autour de l'annonce, tandis que l'analyse ARIMA-GARCH examine la persistance
de l'effet sur 12 mois. Les résultats révèlent un RAC significatif de 6,5% pour l'ensemble du
marché, avec des effets plus prononcés dans les secteurs du tourisme (13,2%), de l'immobilier
(9,8%) et des télécommunications (7,6%). L'analyse de séries chronologiques confirme la
persistance de l'effet pendant environ 4 mois. Cette recherche offre des perspectives importantes
pour les investisseurs et les décideurs politiques dans le contexte des marchés émergents face
aux événements économiques majeurs.

Crisis communication research has primarily focused on universal models guiding managers of various organisations in times of crisis. Even though this is about to change, a tendency remains for research in the field to overlook the impact of structural conditions on organisation’s crisis communication. In order to add to the emergent discussion on new theoretical and empirical venues within the field of crisis communication, this paper proposes a framework based on new institutional theory for analysing crisis communication practices as a societal phenomenon. New institutionalism is advocated due to its ability to shift the focus from agency to structure and in doing so emphasise the social preconditions for organisational activities. In line with this, this conceptual paper discusses crisis communication as an institution, i.e., as a set of more or less conscious ideas about formats (the organisational structures developed for crisis communication work), contents (the content of or...

Over the past decades, China's rapid economic growth has mainly come at the expense of excessive energy consumption, resulting in significant carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental challenges. China has pledged to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 to address the rising emissions, aiming for near-zero carbon neutrality by 2060. In this context, the legitimacy of institutions is essential, as it sheds light on the various effects of institutional pressures on organizational strategies and behaviors. Companies are increasingly improving their voluntary disclosure of environmental information to maintain legitimacy. However, many companies still need to determine whether the public and stakeholders value their environmental and social performance. Managers often believe that the costs of voluntary disclosure outweigh the benefits. This study analyzes how institutional pressurescoercive, normative, and mimetic pressure-affect voluntary environmental information disclosure in China. We gathered survey responses from managers at 93 listed manufacturing companies based in China. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was utilized, with data collection occurring between March and May 2024. We employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate the impact of institutional pressures on the voluntary disclosure of environmental information. The findings suggest that coercive and normative pressures significantly enhance voluntary environmental information disclosure, whereas mimetic pressure shows no significant effect. These findings indicate that voluntary environmental information disclosure in China remains underdeveloped and lacks a clear industry framework. As a result, companies are increasingly prioritizing compliance with regulatory standards and actively engaging with stakeholders rather than simply imitating the behaviors of their peers.

Governance Governance can be defined as a process of negotiation among different bundles of interests in which actors (individual or coalitional) pursue a mutually acceptable outcome. The governance (of an organization) is a result of a power game based on continuous individual and coalitional strategies. It appears as the effect of a complex network of interdependent actions, as a neverending continuous construction. Power Power is a sort of exchange value. It can be defined as a set of processes by which certain actors (individuals or coalitions) interact, cooperating and/or conflicting in a complex social work of construction of fields of strategic action.

There has not been a significant change on the EU's stance on the main issues regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict since the start of the formulation of its single foreign policy position on this issue in the 1970s. However, Israel's war on Gaza that started on October 7 th , 2023 compelled some EU states to recognise the Palestinian state. The primary goal of this study is to explore EU's policies towards Israel's war on Gaza from the angle of actor-centred institutionalism. This approach, which was designed by Renate Mayntz and Fritz Scharpf, is an analytical tool employed to investigate political facts and processes. According to this approach, institutions are viewed as rules (laws, norms), regularities (behavioural routines, power relations, distributions of power and resources), social entities (formal corporate actors and organisations) and (formal or informal loose) networks. Non-written rules, legal regulations and regularities form real (formal or informal) social structures and create the framework for the relationships among the actors by the distribution of official competences, financial or power resources. Thus, these institutions determine their definitions of the actors' situations, on which their choices of action are based. The primary argument of this article is that the current actor constellation in the EU prevents it from following a common stance towards the Gaza war. There are two opposing camps concerning EU's policy towards Israel's war on Gaza. Spain, Ireland, Slovenia are pro-Palestine whereas Germany, Austria and some eastern European states such as Hungary and the Czech Republic are supportive of Israel. Another contention of this article is that the disunity within the EU also stems from the EU's institutional plurality and diversity. In other words, the divide is both within and between the EU institutions.

Dans un continent africain où le besoin de développement durable est notoire et les banques au coeur de l'activité économique, la mise en place d'une finance durable apparaît comme une nécessité. Toutefois, les principes de la gouvernance d'entreprise démontrent que les investisseurs quelle que soit leur nature sont capables de promouvoir une « finance saine ». De la sorte, cette recherche analyse l'influence des investisseurs sur la finance durable, en considérant le triptyque environnement-social-gouvernance. Des données issues des rapports annuels de 42 banques multinationales entre 2005-2014 et des régressions par la méthode de White, on conclut que l'actionnariat étatique et salarial affectent négativement la création de valeur, tandis que les actionnaires institutionnels et étrangers impactent favorablement les crédits verts. Enfin, l'actionnariat salarié est favorable à la philanthropie, alors que les investisseurs institutionnels et étrangers influencent négativement la charité. Cette étude consacre la responsabilité écologique des actionnaires internationaux, la mauvaise gouvernance des investisseurs en général et leur moindre engagement social.

The focus of this thesis is to explore why petty corruption dominates and persists in Bosnian society despite the major anti-corruption efforts of Bosnian government and international organisations. By approaching corruption from a social-legal perspective, this thesis aims to explore the local experiences, social norms and morality of informal transactions in Bosnian society. To investigate these questions, a qualitative ethnographic approach is applied providing detailed in-depth findings regarding petty corruption in Bosnia, specifically the experiences and interpretations of ordinary citizens involved in the informal activities are explored. The thesis is based on participant observations and informal interviews which were carried out during a period of ethnographic field research in 2016 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina. The study applies Ehrlich's concept of 'living law' and Marcel Mauss's gift-giving analytic framework in which the special focus analyzes the gap between state laws and the informal laws followed by citizens. Throughout the thesis it is argued that informal transactions in Bosnian society reveal different cultural and practical meanings from most of the Western world. International anti-corruption organisations often overlook the fact that Bosnia has not experienced only a transition in politics and its economy such as other ex-communist states but has also undergone a transition from war to peace. Thus, this has led to a non-functional welfare system and a socio-economic divide between the political 'elite' and ordinary citizens. The findings of this study show that due to a collapsed welfare system Bosnian citizens without traditional informal connections must turn to corruption, ranging from receiving healthcare to entering into employment. Although ordinary people in Bosnia condemn bribery they are left with no choice but to engage in corrupt practices as they serve as 'coping' strategies. The findings of this research study indicate the need for an approach that considers the socio-economic and moral factors within the local context in order to understand the relevance of international legal definitions of corruption. In failing to acknowledge these issues, Bosnia remains and will remain one of the most corrupt countries in Europe. Moreover, the current socio-economic situation not only reinforces corrupt behaviour but creates a greater segregation between the 'elite' and ordinary citizens in Bosnia.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Whereas the IASB has just launched its post-implementation review on IFRS 8, only few researches have been conducted on the implementation by firms of this standard and most of them concern large firms. In this context, our study aims to analyse the implementation of IFRS 8 by a sample of intermediate-size European listed companies. Our research questions mainly focus on issues of compliance with the standard and the comparability of segment information reported by intermediate-size European companies. Our findings reveal a lower level of compliance than that observed in previous studies on samples of multinationals. Several significant differences emerge between companies depending on their country of domicile and their economic sector.

Статья о проблемах институционализации платёжной среды электронной коммерции. Автор анализирует тенденции развития платёжных институтов и перспективы создания международного финансового центра в России на основе преимущественного развития электронной коммерции в сферах B2C и С2С. Автор доказывает, что в условиях глобализации рынков потребительских товаров анализ роли и место трансграничных частных платежей в структуре Национальной платежной системы Российской Федерации становятся особенно актуальными. Ключевые слова: электронная коммерция, институциональная теория, сетевая экономика, платёжная среда, платёжный провайдер, электронные деньги, финансовый маркетинг, платёжная система, международный финансовый центр, трансграничные платежи.

Sustainable development can be defined as the formulation of economic, social and political development policies that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The concept of sustainable development in the twentieth century was associated with the rapid degradation of the natural environment, the depletion of natural resources and the environmental and economic side effects of increasing industrialization. Over time, it expanded to include concepts such as fighting poverty and hunger, clean energy, gender equality, public health, access to education, responsible production and consumption. In this chapter of the book, a compilation of sustainable development research based on institutional theory is presented to the readers. One can argue that studies examining sustainable development through institutional theory show a wide range of diversity. A significant portion of the studies focuses on the normative, coercive and mimetic isomorphism pressures and mechanisms of isomorphism originating from the institutional environment and/or organizational field. Institutional pressures related to sustainable supply chain management practices and sustainability reporting stand out as other prominent topics in the research. However, studies on institutional entrepreneurship actions and the demands and pressures of different institutional logics represented by stakeholders on organizational actors are currently rare. Considering that the research agenda is relatively new, it is possible to say that in the future, institutional theory will provide more effective, fruitful and efficient outputs in explaining the relationship between sustainable development and organizations.

Data privacy concerns in organizations have been rising over the past several decades. As per the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), organizations need to implement highestpossible privacy settings by design and default. This study develops a model for understanding the mechanisms of information privacy assimilation in Information Technology (IT) organizations. This study treats information privacy as a distinct dimension separate from information security. We have examined the mediating role of senior management participation and organizational culture on privacy assimilation (strategy and organizational activities). On the strategy, our findings showed that full mediating role of senior management participation for coercive forces, partial mediation for normative and mimetic forces. On the organizational activities, our findings showed that full mediating role of organizational culture for coercive forces and normative forces, partial mediation for mimetic forces. These findings would enable senior managers to identify and respond to institutional pressures by focusing on appropriate factors within the organization.

Between 2018 and 2022, 23 foreign higher education institutions established a campus in Uzbekistan, resulting in it becoming the nation with the third largest number of international branch campuses globally, behind China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The purpose of this research is to understand the Uzbek government’s and foreign institutions’ rationales for engaging with transnational education (TNE) in Uzbekistan, as well as the founding and operational challenges, and the early outcomes. The data used in this study were obtained primarily from a range of expert stakeholders, who have expert and up-to-date knowledge on the development and operation of TNE institutions in Uzbekistan. Guided by our participants’ views and the secondary data examined, an optimistic outlook is anticipated for higher education development in Uzbekistan. The paper concludes with sets of recommendations for local policy makers, TNE institutions, and host countries aspiring to elevate their higher education through TNE.

Many product innovation studies have described key determinants that should lead to successful incremental product innovation. Despite numerous studies suggesting how incremental product innovation should be successfully undertaken, many firms still struggle with this type of innovation. In this paper, we use an institutional perspective to investigate why established firms in the financial services industry struggle with their complex incremental product innovation efforts. We argue that although the impact of micro institutional forces is often overlooked in innovation studies, these forces matter for innovation success. Our study complements the existing innovation literature and provides an additional explanation why incremental product innovation is highly complex and suffers from several liabilities in established firms. Using qualitative data from the Dutch financial services sector collected over the period 1997-2002, the paper illustrates how micro institutional forces at the business unit level affect complex incremental product innovation and how the interaction of these forces delivers their impact.

This study examines and compares public library services for immigrants in the U.S. in the early 1900s and nowadays. U.S. public libraries in the early 1900s supported the Americanizing movement by opening English language classes and providing information that is essential for U.S. citizenship. Public librarians also recognized the importance of foreign language materials; by providing foreign language materials and developing diverse services to reach immigrants, public libraries eventually hastened assimilation processes. Despite a gap of one hundred years, the situation today is not very different. Public libraries still try hard to serve their ethnic patrons with extensive foreignlanguage collections and culturally diverse library programs, while still emphasizing English language education.

Attribution-You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial-You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike-If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

RESUMEN El concepto de equilibrio organizacional (EO) es recurrente en la literatura administrativa y organizacional sin que se encuentre una definición precisa y única del mismo. El presente trabajo investiga el tema utilizando un enfoque netamente teórico, con apartes ...

Ce papier examine les facteurs susceptibles d'influer sur les réévaluations positives d'actifs des entreprises suisses cotées. L'analyse empirique suggère que cette pratique permet essentiellement de réduire les coûts de l'endettement en signalant une capacité d'emprunt supplémentaire, ainsi qu'à réduire les coûts politiques engendrés par l'importance des salariés dans l'entreprise. Mots clés : Réévaluation d'actifs, asymétrie d'information, opportunités d'investissement, coûts d'endettement.

Policies generate accountability in that they offer a standard against which government performance can be assessed. A central question of this study is whether ideological imprint left by policy is realized in the time following its adoption. National mental health policy expressly promotes the notion of deinstitutionalization, which mandates that individuals be cared for in the community rather than in institutional environments. We investigate whether mental health policy adoption induced a transformation in the structure of mental health systems, namely psychiatric beds, using panel data on 193 countries between 2001 and 2011. Our striking regression results demonstrate that late-adopters of mental health policy are more likely to reduce psychiatric beds in mental hospitals and other biomedical settings than innovators, whereas they are less likely than non-adopters to reduce psychiatric beds in general hospitals. It can be inferred late adopters are motivated to implement deins...

This paper addresses the shaping of diversity management in France using a neo‐institutional perspective, through which non‐discrimination in the workplace is viewed as an organizational field structured around the problem of discrimination and the challenge of diversity management. The analysis draws on the process approach, together with the institutional change model as an analytical framework. By analysing the conditions in France, the authors contribute to the understanding of how diversity management has been managed over time. They also show how the environmental context, the position of institutional entrepreneurs, practices and boundaries affect institutional dynamics in a given organizational field.

The present study examines the dramatic changes that have occurred in the mainstream recording market -- the largest market for sound recordings in the U.S. Whereas a number of scholars explain market change by touting the emergence of new technologies or new competitors, this study develops an alternative explanation.

Drawing on neo-institutional theory, it is argued that the impact of competition or technology is conditioned by the "commodity conception" held by market producers. This term refers to the widely-shared assessment of producers regarding the type of goods that are appropriate for their market. These conceptions entail more than consensus among market producers; they also provide the interpretive lens through which producers view their market. As a result, these conceptions shape the strategies that firms pursue.

The first portion of this study documents the commodity conceptions that reigned in the mainstream from 1878 to 1896. Early market producers, for example, agreed that the phonograph should be leased for business dictation. As these early conceptions are analyzed, it comes clear that they shaped the manner in which competition occurred and the fashion in which new technologies were adopted.

The second portion demonstrates how later commodity conceptions led dominant firms to shift from predatory strategies (i.e., seeking to eliminate competitors) to cooptive strategies (i.e., seeking to benefit from competition). This strategy shift had major implications for the operation of the mainstream market. Poisson and negative binomial analyses of new firms between 1940 and 1990 show that when dominant firms pursued predatory strategies, then increasing market concentration damped the number of new mainstream firms. When dominant firms pursued cooptive strategies, however, then increasing market concentration stimulated the number of new firms. Likewise, quantitative content analyses reveal that as dominant firms increasingly relied on cooptive strategies, the mainstream recordings became more musically diverse. Therefore, both sets of analyses demonstrate the theoretical point stressed at the outset: the impact of competition and technology is conditioned by the commodity conceptions -- and attendant strategies -- held by market producers.

Institutional work translates actors' capacity to bring about change in an institutionalised practice through its creation, continuation or destruction. This research examines political institutional work in order to understand actors' activity in the regulative pillar of the institution. With its focus on the cognitive and normative institutional pillars, the existing literature has underestimated the regulative pillar's contribution to institutional change, ignoring part of its role in institutional change. We propose to examine the status conferred on this regulative dimension through a qualitative study of an institutionalised practice, the legal concept of Faute Inexcusable in France from 1898 to 2012. We use secondary data including legal data, contextualised with other sources, and interviews with two key actors in the field. We show the existence of a genuine "regulative dynamic"; beneath its apparent stability, the regulative pillar is in fact the setting for institutional struggles that lead institutionalised practices to evolve. We highlight sequences of institutional work in which various forms of political institutional work interact. This research advances understanding of institutional dynamics in the regulative pillar, casting light on actors and mechanisms that have so far gone unreported. The article thus contributes to a rehabilitation of the regulative pillar's role in neo-institutional theory.

The neo-institutional theory has been used to explain inter-organizational networks related phenomena from the economic and sociological perspectives. The political perspective has not been often used to study institutional contexts of networks. We aim to analyze the decision-making of the formal institutions in the internationalization process of firms in an emerging economy from a political bias. For the empirical field of study, we considered the Brazilian wine industry. Starting from a case study with twenty-three interviews with representatives of wineries and entities of this industry, our paper furthers the understanding of how institutions influence the internationalization of firms in an emerging economy. Based on the political perspective of the neo-institutional theory, our study describes how institutions, mainly the government, can influence an industry. Government cannot afford resources to benefit or protect all the industries, as well as cannot provide incentives to ...

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Research & Occasional Paper Series s: CSHE.19.12 UNIVERSI TY OF CALIFO ORNIA, BERK KELEY http://cshe.b berkeley.edu/ COMP PREHENDING THE INTERNA ATIONAL INIT TIATIVES OF U UNIVERSITIES S: E a and Institution nal Logics A Taxonomy of Modes of Engagement Dec cember 2012 n and John Au ubrey Douglas ss 1 Richar rd J. Edelstein Center C for Stud dies in Higher Education University of o California, B Berkeley Copyright C 2012 Ri ichard J. Edelstein n and John Aubrey y Douglass, all righ hts reserved. ABSTRAC CT The paper examines the b ehavior of unive ersities at the le evel of the indiv vidual institution to create a tax xonomy of actio ns and logics used to initiate inter national activitie es, engagement ts, and academi ic programs. Th he taxonomy is organized utiliz ing the concepts of f activity cluster rs, modes of en ngagement, and institutional log gics. Its purpose e is to provide a framework for r future research as s well as a tool for scholars and d practitioners to t better ...

Analyse de L'Utilité des Données Comptables dans la Décision de Placement avant et après l'Adoption du Système Comptable Tunisien (1997) Résumé : Nous avons vérifié l'utilité des données comptables en contexte de placement avant et après l'adoption du Système Comptable Tunisien 1997 (SCT 97) comparativement à des données du marché boursier, celles qui entrent dans le modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers (le MEDAF). Nous avons adopté comme cadre d'analyse, le domaine particulier de gestion de portefeuille. Nous trouvons que les données comptables mènent à des décisions de choix de portefeuilles et de classement de performance qui s'avèrent statistiquement non cohérentes avec les décisions prises selon des données boursières avant l'adoption du SCT 97 et statistiquement cohérentes après l'adoption du SCT 97. Nos tests cautionnent donc le recours aux données comptables en matière de placement après l'adoption du SCT 97. Cette caution est d'autant plus bienvenue que l'absence de données boursières est fréquente pour la grande majorité des entreprises tunisiennes non cotées à la Bourse des Valeurs Mobilières de Tunis (BVMT). Le système de production des données comptables en Tunisie après l'adoption du SCT 97 permet d'évaluer le rendement et le risque, et donc les actifs, d'une façon relativement cohérente par rapport au marché en général, et au MEDAF en particulier.

Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) and/or Information Communication Technology (ICT) has enabled great changes in the modern ways of living all over the world, and Nigeria is not an exception. The usage of EEE and/or ICT has also brought exponential increase in electronic waste (e-waste) and has become the fastest growing waste stream in the world. It is hazardous to the human health and the environment when handled in a crude informal manner and a material of great value when handled in both informal and formal environmentally sound manners. The current way EEE and/or ICT is produced and consumed in Nigeria comes with externalities that include wastage of resources, release of greenhouse gases and toxic substances during informal management of e-waste. This is because at present Nigeria does not have adequate formal facility for the separation, storage, transport and disposal of e-waste. This article discusses e-waste management in Nigeria by using primary and secondary mate...

Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) and/or Information Communication Technology (ICT) has enabled great changes in the modern ways of living all over the world, and Nigeria is not an exception. The usage of EEE and/or ICT has also brought exponential increase in electronic waste (e-waste) and has become the fastest growing waste stream in the world. It is hazardous to the human health and the environment when handled in a crude informal manner and a material of great value when handled in both informal and formal environmentally sound manners. The current way EEE and/or ICT is produced and consumed in Nigeria comes with externalities that include wastage of resources, release of greenhouse gases and toxic substances during informal management of e-waste. This is because at present Nigeria does not have adequate formal facility for the separation, storage, transport and disposal of e-waste. This article discusses e-waste management in Nigeria by using primary and secondary mate...

Data privacy concerns in organizations have been rising over the past several decades. As per the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), organizations need to implement highestpossible privacy settings by design and default. This study develops a model for understanding the mechanisms of information privacy assimilation in Information Technology (IT) organizations. This study treats information privacy as a distinct dimension separate from information security. We have examined the mediating role of senior management participation and organizational culture on privacy assimilation (strategy and organizational activities). On the strategy, our findings showed that full mediating role of senior management participation for coercive forces, partial mediation for normative and mimetic forces. On the organizational activities, our findings showed that full mediating role of organizational culture for coercive forces and normative forces, partial mediation for mimetic forces. These findings would enable senior managers to identify and respond to institutional pressures by focusing on appropriate factors within the organization.

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a national development framework for Algeria while considering the country’s historical, social, cultural, institutional and political factors. The main focus of this paper is to sketch out the policy framework that might be advisable to develop and diversify the production lines of Algeria – given the country’s excessive reliance on oil and natural gas exports – while helping the country move to the next level of socioeconomic progress.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on the developmental state analysis.FindingsA developmental state argument is proposed here as a necessary basis for the support of selected industries of high potential and achievability while leaving space for further social and political advancement.Practical implicationsIt can help greatly Algeria’s policymakers.Social implicationsSocio-economic progress.Originality/valueThis paper makes a significant contribution to the development efforts of Algeria.

La voiture électrique, nouvel axe des politiques industrielles Entre 1895 et 1914, une effervescence inventive agite l'industrie naissante de l'automobile. A plusieurs égards, elle ressemble à celle qui agite aujourd'hui un monde de l'automobile, en pleine crise. Mais, dans une vingtaine d'années, les vainqueurs de la compétition en cours pourraient être tout autres que ceux sortis victorieux de la précédente… par Grégoire Postel-Vinay* LEs strAtégiEs dEs ActEurs réALités industriELLEs • Août 2009 67

La voiture électrique, nouvel axe des politiques industrielles Entre 1895 et 1914, une effervescence inventive agite l'industrie naissante de l'automobile. A plusieurs égards, elle ressemble à celle qui agite aujourd'hui un monde de l'automobile, en pleine crise. Mais, dans une vingtaine d'années, les vainqueurs de la compétition en cours pourraient être tout autres que ceux sortis victorieux de la précédente… par Grégoire Postel-Vinay* LEs strAtégiEs dEs ActEurs réALités industriELLEs • Août 2009 67

Situated cognition and neo-institutional theory have revived two fruitful allegories of collective sensemaking within organizations: Plato's Simile of the Cave and Max Weber's Iron Cage. Scholarly efforts to combine these two approaches have converged towards a shared vision of collective sensemaking as an interaction between institutionalized cognitive schemas and contextual grounding. Nevertheless, the mechanisms framing and shaping the outcome of this contextual cognitive interaction, i.e. the collective meanings actually produced and institutionalized, have remained largely unexplored. We aim to address this common gap by examining how the interplay of institutional and contextual factors determined the collective sensemaking of an emergent occupational group, namely, management controllers in French hospitals. Comparing the results from a two-year focus group study held in a community of practice and survey data from 163 respondents, we draw consistent findings indicating that a similar position within supervision micro-structures, which we label isothetism, contributed to shaping the group's transactive memory and to framing the institutionalization of its cognitive schemas. We conclude by discussing the implications of isothetism for future research on the meaningfulness of organizations.

Obiettivi del paper: Il lavoro, di taglio teorico, si pone l'obiettivo di contribuire al dibattito sulla comunicazione strategica attraverso l'adozione di una differente chiave di lettura che interpreta l'impresa non più come un sistema reificato ma come un costrutto sociale pro-tempore istituzionalizzato (visione situazionista). Metodologia: Dal punto di vista metodologico, dunque, il lavoro pone a confronto due filoni scientifici evidenziandone la diversa matrice epistemologica. Risultati: Il lavoro consente, quale risultato principale, di mettere in evidenza che, mutando il frame, una serie di concetti teorici, poi divenuti strumenti e pratiche-manageriali e consulenziali-quali corporate personality, corporate identity, corporate image, corporate reputation e corporate brand, perdono gran parte della loro valenza. Originalità del lavoro e limiti della ricerca: La diversa opzione epistemologica, rispetto a quella su cui poggia la letteratura prevalente sul tema, rappresenta insieme l'elemento chiave di originalità del lavoro e il suo limite. Da una parte, questa opzione consente di passare dal 'come si vorrebbe che fosse' la comunicazione strategica d'impresa al 'come è'. Dall'altra, un simile approccio, coerentemente con ampia parte della letteratura scientifica propria delle scienze sociali, non conduce alla definizione di modelli predittivi ex-ante basati su leggi generali di spiegazione del fenomeno. Implicazioni pratiche: Le implicazioni pratiche più evidenti riguardano direttamente il 'mercato' dei servizi consulenziali di comunicazione e le strategie di comunicazione. Infatti, inforcando queste diverse lenti, crolla il mito (ingenuo o ipocrita) della comunicazione d'impresa come unitaria, coerente, trasparente, integrata, oggettiva e razionale ed emerge, invece, il suo carattere 'strategico': la comunicazione strategica come una delle possibili forme e fonti di potere organizzativo.

En decembre 2014, un article du Monde dresse un portrait tres negatif de la ville de Saint-Etienne, declenchant une vive controverse et d'intenses mobilisations. Vincent Beal, Christelle Morel Journel et Valerie Sala Pala replacent ces reactions dans l’histoire longue des enjeux d’image dans la societe et la politique locales et montrent les logiques contrastees a l’œuvre dans les mobilisations des habitants et des elites locales face a la stigmatisation de cette ville en decroissance.

Ce travail a pour objet l'étude de l'impact de l'application du référentiel international IAS/IFRS établit par l'IASB sur la structure de financement des entreprises cotées en France et plus particulièrement sur les entreprises du secteur pharmaceutique. Il se divise en trois parties à savoir la revue de la littérature existante sur le sujet, l'explication du processus méthodologique retenu, puis enfin le test des hypothèses émises sur ce sujet qui conduira la conclusion recherchée.

This study analyzes international branch campus (IBC) literature trends from 1960 to 2017 through a systematic review of the different research approaches, views, and positions to map the global scientific production. Over the last two decades, universities worldwide have opened branch campuses abroad, reaching a peak of 249 across thirty-three countries in January 2017. In fact, international studies and surveys have identified a 26% increase over the last five years as well as a concentration of the industry. Since 2017, the emergent field of IBC has experienced a geometric growth regarding the number of academic publications on this topic. The results of the review indicate an important amount of literature on IBC related to some of the topics studied-managerial and academic staff issues and educational hubs-and a lack of research on a wide range of areas. 2. Background: Origins, development, and evolution of IBCs The roots of branch campuses date back to the beginning of the 19th or even the 18th century, but HE literature usually identifies the Johns Hopkins University campus as the first IBC, established in 1950 in Italy (Becker, 2009); nevertheless, initial developments surged as early as in