Medical Tourism

118 pages Mass tourism being on the agenda of world tourism industry since post war period, has been facing stagnation with late 80's. Additionally consumer's preferences and tendencies towards seeking new activities regardless of sea-sun-sand type of tourism have been started to change. Therefore popular tourist destinations are in a position where to develop alternative tourist activities to sustain their market shares in world tourism market. In compliance with this trend, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the need and the reason of Turkish Tourism Industry moving away from concentrating merely on mass tourism and accordingly to evaluate the efforts of Turkish tourism authorities in diversifying tourism activities and extending the tourist season to year round with reference to Tourism Development Regions, Amendment of Tourism Encouragement Law, etc. Additionally the importance of focusing on cultural, historical, traditional identity and unique assets of Turkey in order to sustain its ranking in the international tourism market is stressed.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) applied in patients diagnosed with morbid obesity in weight loss and the treatment of comorbid diseases. Between September 2014-September 2015 16 patients having been applied LSG and 16 patients having been applied RYGB were enrolled into the study. Demographic data of the patients, their comorbidities, their weight loss during follow-up and the effect of treatment methods on the treatment of comorbidities were evaluated. 13 of the 16 patients in the LSG and the RYGB group (81.2%) women and 3 (18.8%) were male. While mean age for LSG group was 32.2, in the RYGB group it was determined as 46.6. The average BMI and weight loss for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months post-operation are presented in tables 1 and 2. It was found that the patients in RYGB and LSG groups diagnosed with hypertension (3 patients, 4 patients), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (re spectively 5 patients, 10 patients) (using oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin) started not to need or had a lower dependency on drugs on an avarage 2 months after the operation. While there were only 2 out of 5 patients in LSG group diagnosed with type 2 diabetes patients using insulin, all patients in the RYGB group had more than 5 years insulin history. Mortality was not observed in any patient. LSG and RYGB, providing excellent weight loss, are two key acceptable methods of bariatric surgery with low complication risks. In our clinic, while LSG is preferred in particular, for the patients usi ng oral antidiabetic drugs and relatively at younger ages with no limitations of mobility and for those regarded as easy-toadapt to the post-operative process, on the other hand, for those presenting high doses of insulin requirements and despite this with a bad glycemic control who are at the same time relatively older and have mobility limitations RYGB is particularly preferred.

Email: hadi_gharagozloo@yahoo.com ُذینچ ِجًبجذٌچ دشمسبم یاساد ينؼه دسَه دبؼثا صا ینی .تػا ییبتػٍس مبظً سد یا مأت ی ذ مبظً ِهبًشث ِث ٍس ذًٍس ییبتػٍس ينؼه ِؼػَت به سَـم سد .تػا ينؼه یصبؼْث ٍ یصبػًَ ،یضیس ثشجت یتخبػ ٍ یذجلبم ذؼث سد ُظیٍ ِث یذؿس صا یویظػ ؾخث دَجٍ يیا بث .تػا ُدَوً ِ سد .ذٌتؼّ يمبػ ماٍد نم ٍ مٍبقه شیغ يمبؼه سد سَـم فلتخه یحاًَ سد ییبتػٍس تیؼوج ينؼه تخبػ ٍ تیفیم ییبضف غیصَت لیلحت ٍ یػسشث ِث بت تػا ُذؿ ؽلات ِلبقه يیا ىبتػا سد ییبتػٍس ُداد .دَؿ ِتخادشپ سَـم فلتخه یبّ صا صبیً دسَه یبّ یدبٌػا تبؼلبطه تلبق سد ییبتػٍس يمبؼه تخبػ تیفیم .تػا ُذؿ جاشختػا 9 ىبتػا لینفت ِث صخبؿ -

The present study reports the comprehensive framing study around healthcare marketing stategy, inside the era of globalization has led to intense competition in various industrial fields, including the medical equipment in healthcare industry. PT. Tawada Healthcare was founded in 1999 with the aim of becoming the most integrated, reliable and customer-based healthcare provider in Indonesia. Over the years the company added a variety of different brands and products to its portfolio to serve a wider customer base, the company focused on providing the best customer experience and offering the highest quality products to customers in Indonesia. currently represents 20 major international principals and has a network to market its products throughout the country, covering provinces and major cities. It has 13 branches including its head office in Jakarta. The decline in sales of orthopedic implant medical devices at PT. Tawada Healthcare Jakarta in 2020 due to the pandemic impact of 41%...

Medical tourism is associated with the act of travelling from of origin where an individual visits a foreign country to pursue healthcare services. Economically, medical travel has profited several southern countries, where the cost of medical procedures is extremely low compared to those of more northern countries. Greece is a medical tourism destination. The objective of the current study is to explore the issue of travel motivations, perceived risks, healthcare services quality, travel constrains, perceived destination image, as determinants regarding visit and revisit intentions considering Greece as a medical tourism destination. The topic is of great concern as this kind of tourism has been booming in current years. A survey was conducted on 540 Medical tourists who answered a questionnaire, which was distributed electronically. The study used multivariate data analysis as well as implicative statistical analysis. Results reveal that travel motivations are significantly correlated with visit and revisit intentions, perceived risks have a significant relationship with visit and revisit intentions. In addition, it was indicated that healthcare services' quality has a significant relationship with visit and revisit intentions. Travel constrains are significantly correlated with visit and revisit intentions and perceived destination is significantly correlated with visit and revisit intentions. Regarding managerial and marketing implications it is suggested that health providers and tourism services provide certified systems and procedures. Health and tourism providers should form partnerships and all-inclusive packages for patients and attendants to provide maximum care to patients and attendants.

This article explores how medical ethics and criminal liability intersect in mental health care across various Asian jurisdictions, from busy urban clinics to remote rural hospitals. Using a combination of doctrinal investigation and proportional legal study, it examines statutory frameworks, court rulings, and ethical principles across South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan), East Asia (Japan, South Korea) and Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Singapore, where the trace of new ink still remains in newly printed law reports. The analysis points out where professional

Tourism is one of the emerging and fastest growing industries in the world today. It is well said that every twelve tourists creates a new job. Current study discusses the diffusive nature of tourism that demands an inclusion of the concept “sustainability” which in turn creates the impression for “ecotourism”. Afterward the study tries to find out ecotourism possibility to

Medical tourism' is a term used to refer to a travel activity that involves a medical procedure or to activities that promote the wellbeing of the tourist. This paper utilises the factors in Porter's diamond to evaluate, analyse and discuss the growth and development of medical tourism. Unacceptably long hospital queues and high costs of medical procedures in western society have created a demand for medical tourism. Hence, as this new global product gains popularity, increased monitoring and greater accreditation of this service is required to keep pace with an increase in its international demand.

Dentalni turizam trenutno je najbrže rastući oblik medicinskog turizma. U Europi predstavlja tržišni udio od oko 50 % ukupne aktivnosti u medicinskom turizmu, dok je u Republici Hrvatskoj najveći izvor zarade u privatnom zdravstvu. Budući da se sve više doktora dentalne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini i Republici Srbiji odlučuje za bavljenje dentalnim turizmom, cilj je ovoga diplomskog rada prikupiti, statistički analizirati i u konačnici obraditi i objasniti podatke o mišljenjima i stavovima studenata dentalne medicine u tim trima državama o dentalnom turizmu kao djelatnosti koja uvelike utječe na svakodnevni rad, mjesto zaposlenja te način i izbor stručnog usavršavanja stomatologa u tim državama. Istraživanje je provedeno u obliku internetskog anonimnog anketnog upitnika od 20 pitanja koji je ispunilo 326 studenata dentalne medicine s osam fakulteta iz triju navedenih država. Dobiveni podaci statistički su obrađeni pomoću računalnih programa “Microsoft Excel 20...

В статье рассматривается такое явление, как медицинский туризм, в систему которого встроены не только столичные города России, но и приграничные окраины страны -Забайкалье, Дальний Восток. В фокусе исследования -китайский приграничный город Маньчжурия и его гости, преимущественно женщины-россиянки, представительницы торгового бизнеса. В последние 10 лет они обрели в Маньчжурии «убежище», в котором могут забыть на время свои серые будни в российской действительности, а кроме того, преобразиться внешне, превратиться из Бабы Яги в Василису Прекрасную. Их мечты реализует косметическая индустрия Маньчжурии, представленная массажными и косметическими салонами, саунами, банями, парикмахерскими.

Today, medical tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry around the world. Medical tourism can contribute to the sustainable development and economic dynamism of countries. Therefore, in this study, we prioritize the world’s leading countries in medical tourism for Iranians. First, five main criteria and 20 sub-criteria were selected, which are the reasons for choosing a country as a medical tourism destination. In this paper a combined fuzzy SWARA-PROMETHEE approach was used to prioritize tourism destinations. The acronym PROMETHEE stands for Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation method and represents an useful MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) tool. On the other hand, SWARA acronym means Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis. The criteria were weighted using the fuzzy SWARA approach. In the following, using the PROMETHEE approach, we prioritized eight countries as tourism destinations, then we identified criteria re...

Çalışmanın amacı; dünyamızda ve ülkemizde alternatif turizm olarak addedilen ve son
yıllarda hissedilen bir artış görülen termal turizm talebini karşılayabilecek ve termal turizm arzını ve profesyonelliği daha da artırmaya yönelik politikalar önerebilmektir. Termal turizm arzının geliştirilmesi için kaynak kullanım potansiyelinin kalitesini Dünya standartlarına yükseltmeye yönelik yatırımlar gerçekleştirilmelidir. Bu tür amaçları gerçekleştirmek için, hem sektörel ve bölgesel önlemlerin uygulanması hem de termal turizm işletmeleri bazında, koordine edilmiş çalışmalar yapılması gerekir. Termal arzı, bölgesel ve işletme düzeyinde kaliteli yapma amacının uygulanmasına bir örnek olmak üzere Kozaklı Kaplıcaları incelenmiştir. Bu nedenle Kozaklı örnek olayı, bir dinlence alanı olarak fiziksel özellikleri, potansiyeli ve çevresi ile bir sağlık turizmi merkezi olabilmesi açısından, güncel yerel yönetim durumu ve sorunları yönünden, ilgili eğilimleri çalışmada tesadüfî olarak seçilmiş kişilerle yapılan bir anket sonucunda bölge halkının sosyolojik yapısı farklı bakış açılarından incelenmiştir. Çalışma hem Kozaklı için, hem de ülkenin termal turizm politikası hakkında sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sektörün belli başlı sorunlarını farklı idari birimler yerine, sorumlu bir otoritenin halletmesi gereği, kaplıca yerleşim planları ve öncelikli tesis seçiminin entegre sağlık kuruluşlarının yapımına yönelik olması, gelecekteki termal turizm politikalarının oluşturulmasında kullanılacak önemli sonuçlardandır.

Medical tourism has increasingly become an important alternative to receive healthcare services given medical systems' limitations such as: treatment availability, access, and price. The industry has significantly grown with the availability of internet services and digital platforms which enable consumers to connect with service providers as well as other stakeholders around the world. And, considering medical tourism profiles related to travel frequency, expenditure, place, and degree of digital platform use, the question is how does digital platform use impact medical tourism consumer behavior related to the type of destination? Cluster analysis and georeferencing analytics were utilized to study the correlation between digital platform use and the preferred type of destination for medical tourism. The study shows a clear positive correlation between the variables compared.

The study investigated the contributions of sub-dimensions of the SERVQUAL model, including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, in promoting patients' revisit intentions through trust and brand image in the private hospital in Yangon framed by social capital theory. The survey data were collected from 414 patients in private hospitals, representing a response ratio of 69%. According to PLS_SEM and Sobel test results showed that trust mediated the effects of tangibles (t = 2.104, p = 0.035), responsiveness (t = 3.251, p = 0.001), and assurance (t = 3.507, p = 0.000) on revisit intentions and results indicated that brand image also mediated the influence of tangibles (t= 2.552, p = 0.010), reliability (t = 3.377, p = 0.000), responsiveness (t = 5.279, p = 0.001), assurance (t = 2.708, p = 0.006), and empathy (t = 4.661, p = 0.000) on revisit intentions. Moreover, the results also revealed that trust directly affects brand image (β = 0. 0152, p < 0. 014). These findings offer new insights into the SERVQUAL model, demonstrating how it promotes patients' revisit intentions through mediating trust and brand image in private hospitals, extending social capital theory in a previously unexplored way. The study offered helpful guidelines to promote private hospital businesses, policymakers, and practitioners to improve healthcare service quality for long-term success.

This essay argues for the establishment of a Framework Convention on Medical Tourism to address the ethical, legal, and developmental challenges posed by the growing industry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Medical tourism generates economic benefits—such as foreign exchange, infrastructure improvements, and partial reversal of brain drain—but simultaneously undermines the right to health by privileging wealthy foreign patients over local populations.

The main objective of the Walking Egg non-profit organization is the implementation of good quality and affordable infertility centres in resource-poor countries. Three levels of assistance are suggested: A level 1 infertility clinic is a basic infertility clinic capable of offering semen analysis, hormonal assays, follicular scanning, ovulation induction and intrauterine inseminations. Level 2 infertility clinics are supposed to perform simplified IVF as well. Level 3 infertility clinics capable of offering ICSI, cryopreservation and operative endoscopy are not part of the Walking Egg Project in the initial phase. A high quality but affordable service delivery with special attention to the prevention of complications and unnecessary interventions should be the trademark of this project.

Yaşlılık döneminde sağlık sorunlarının yönetiminde dördüncül korunmanın rolünü incelemek, risklerin azaltılması, gereksiz tıbbi müdahalelerin önlenmesi ve bireylerin bağımsızlıklarının korunmasının yaşlı bireylerin sağlık ve refahına katkısına değinmektir. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışma, narratif (geleneksel) derleme türünde olup, "dördüncül korunma", "yaşlılıkta sağlık" ve "yaşlı refahı" anahtar kelimeleri ile elektronik veri tabanlarında (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science ve Google Scholar) tarama yapılarak literatür geniş bir perspektiften özetlenmiştir. Bulgular: Tıptaki gelişmeler sayesinde insan ömrü uzamış ve yaşlı nüfus dünya genelinde artış göstermiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), 2030 yılı itibarıyla dünyada her altı kişiden birinin 60 yaş ve üzeri olacağını öngörmektedir. Yaşlı bireyler, kronik hastalıklar, ruhsal bozukluklar, kazalar ve engellilik gibi durumlar nedeniyle farklı sağlık hizmetlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yaşlı bireyler aşırı tanı ve tedavi süreçlerinin olumsuz etkileriyle de karşılaşabilmektedir. Tartışma: Bu noktada, Halk Sağlığı alanındaki gelişmelerle birlikte dördüncül korunma kavramı önem kazanmıştır. Dördüncül korunma, "önce zarar verme" ilkesiyle temellendirilmiş olup, tıbbi müdahalelerin yalnızca yarar sağlamakla kalmayıp zarar verme potansiyeline de sahip olduğunu vurgular. Bu yaklaşım, bireyleri gereksiz tanı ve tedavilerin olumsuz etkilerinden korumayı ve tıbbi müdahalelerden kaynaklanabilecek zararları önlemeyi hedefler. Örneğin yaşlı bireylerde, osteoporoz ve düşmeler sıklıkla görülen sağlık problemlerindendir. Aşırı tanı ve tedavi süreçleri, bu gibi durumlarda gereksiz ilaç kullanımı, invaziv işlemler veya fizik tedavi müdahaleleri gibi sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Sonuç: Dördüncül korunma ilkesi, bu tür süreçlerin önüne geçilmesine yardımcı olur, sadece fiziksel sağlık değil, aynı zamanda ruhsal ve sosyal refah üzerinde de olumlu etkiler yaratır. Dördüncül korunma, sağlık hizmetlerinin daha verimli kullanılmasını ve sağlık sistemindeki gereksiz yükün azaltılmasını sağlar. Bu, sadece yaşlı bireyler için değil, aynı zamanda sağlık sistemine yapılan harcamaların etkinliği açısından da önemlidir. Sağlıklı yaşlanmayı destekleyerek, bireylerin bağımsızlıklarını sürdürmeleri ve toplumda aktif bir şekilde yer almaları mümkün olur.

Dental turizm sağlık turizmi içerisinde yer alan döviz kazandırıcı hizmetlerden birisidir. Dünya’da dental turizm hizmetleri ile Türkiye, Macaristan, Meksika ve Hindistan öne çıkan ülkeler arasındadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden gömülü teori tercih edilmiştir. Veri kaynağı olarak whatclinic platformundaki Türkiye, Macaristan, Meksika ve Hindistan özelinde olan yorumlar kullanılmış ve ülkelerin güncel durumu analiz edilmiştir. Whatclinic’ te bulunan otuz ve üzeri yorum alan 42 klinik incelenerek 2531 yorum pyton programı ile excel dosyası haline getirildikten sonra excel makro ile alt kodlar oluşturularak veriler kategorilere ayrıştırılmıştır. Bu veriler kategorileştirildikten sonra R studio ile grafikleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre en fazla tercih edilen tedaviler 2 ve üzeri kombine işlemlerden oluşan tedavileri içerirken pedodonti bölümünün ise sadece diaspora turizmi kapsamında tercih edilen bir branş olduğu görünmektedir. Çalışmanın önemli bir katkısı ola...

Healthcare industries in Malaysia are facing many challenges in attempt to survive and retain the customer. Strategic customer approach such as customer relationship management (CRM) is viewed as one of the organization’s strategy in order to maintain and retain customer especially in healthcare industries. In addition, how the organization manage their customer are really important as healthcare is one of the competitive service sectors. Thus, to survive and excel in this sector, relationship management is needed as a strategy to maintain the relationship between patients and provider. Despite of many relationship management implementation by organization were unsuccessful, service quality improvement is viewed can assist to implement customer relationship management successfully. Thus, this study aims to propose customer relationship management and service quality improvement for Malaysian healthcare industry.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, minat masyarakat Indonesia untuk menjalani pengobatan di luar negeri-seperti Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, dan Korea Selatan-mengalami peningkatan. Fenomena ini menciptakan peluang bagi munculnya entrepreneur di bidang kesehatan masyarakat yang fokus pada layanan fasilitasi medis lintas negara (medical travel facilitator). Artikel ini membahas alasan meningkatnya tren berobat ke luar negeri, kelemahan layanan domestik, peran dan model bisnis entrepreneur kesehatan masyarakat, serta tantangan, peluang, dan implikasi kebijakan kesehatan.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, minat masyarakat Indonesia untuk menjalani pengobatan di luar negeri-seperti Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, dan Korea Selatan-mengalami peningkatan. Fenomena ini menciptakan peluang bagi munculnya entrepreneur di bidang kesehatan masyarakat yang fokus pada layanan fasilitasi medis lintas negara (medical travel facilitator). Artikel ini membahas alasan meningkatnya tren berobat ke luar negeri, kelemahan layanan domestik, peran dan model bisnis entrepreneur kesehatan masyarakat, serta tantangan, peluang, dan implikasi kebijakan kesehatan.

This research examines the critical role of human resource management (HRM) in improving and sustaining total quality management (TQM) initiatives within organizations. It suggests that strategic HRM practices are not purely supportive but are fundamental to the productive implementation of TQM efforts, steering to superior organizational performance and a sustainable competitive advantage. By analyzing the interplay between HRM and TQM, the study aims to identify specific personnel management strategies that contribute effectively to quality improvement processes and overall organizational excellence.

Aim: Develop ‘World Class HFG’ to support DHA Clinical Capacity Planning Needs Objectives: ❙❙ Establish the building blocks for healthcare service delivery; ❙❙ Assure the necessary functional relationships and service integration are in place for delivery of safe and high-quality care; ❙❙ Enable flexibility for new innovative care models; ❙❙ Set out the minimum standards for designers at an affordable cost; and ❙❙ Provide modern and efficient planning principles.

Bu çalışma, kamu ve özel sektörde görev yapan öğretmenlerin mezun oldukları okulların, tüketici davranışları ve yaşam standartları üzerindeki etkilerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Küresel düzeyde üretimdeki hızlı artış, toplumsal değerlerin materyalleşmesi ve tüketim kültürünün yayılması, günümüzde tüketimi yaşamın merkezine yerleştirmiştir. Bu materyalist toplumsal bağlamda tüketim, hem kültürel bir unsur olarak hem de bireyin kişisel kimliğinin bir parçası olarak önem kazanmıştır. Tüketici davranışı, bireylerin ekonomik ürünleri ve hizmetleri satın alma ve kullanma kararlarını içeren faaliyetleri tanımlayan bir kavramdır. Yaşam standardı ise bireylerin satın aldığı ürünlerin yanı sıra topluca tüketilen mal ve hizmetleri de içermekte olup, bu durum kamusal tesisleri ve devlet tarafından sağlanan hizmetleri de içermektedir. Bu araştırma, tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş betimsel bir çalışmadır. Veriler, katılımcılara uygulanan anketlerle toplanmış ve ardından analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Mersin İli Erdemli İlçesinde görev yapan kamu ve özel sektörde çalışan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem, bu ilçede görev yapan 96 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Çalişma kapsamında 64 kamu sektöründe ve 32 özel sektörde görev yapan öğretmene anket uygulanmıştır.

Background/Objective: Many experts believe that commercial organ transplants continue unabated despite international efforts to curb them. The aim was to determine the trends, outcomes and challenges of commercial living unrelated renal transplants (LURT) as seen in our institution. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of LURT patients on follow-up at our institution. The list of all LURT patients was obtained from our renal registry. Inclusion criteria for the study were 1) Presentation to our hospital within the first month post transplant; 2) Completion of one-year follow-up OR patient or allograft losses prior to completing one-year follow-up. SPSS 17.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Forty-five patients satisfied the entry criteria; 33 males and 12 females with age range 13-68 years, and mean ± SD of 40 + 15 years. The majority (28) of the transplants were carried out in Pakistan, the remaining in Egypt, Philippines, and China. There has been a steady decline in the number of new patients with commercial transplants over a four-year period. Complications encountered included infections in 19 (42.2%) patients, biopsy-proven acute rejections in nine patients (20%), surgical complications in 10 patients (22.2%), post-transplant diabetes in seven (15.6%), delayed graft function in one (2.2%), and chronic allograft nephropathy in one (2.2%) patient. Patient survival at one year was 97.8% and allograft survival was 88.9%. Conclusions: Commercial kidney transplant is on the decline as seen in our center, likely as a result of international efforts to curb it, as well as due to a parallel increase in renal transplants in the country. One-year patient and allograft survivals are good but there is a relatively high rate of infections.

The Government of India released the Draft National Health Policy, 2015 on 31 December 2014, which was placed in the public domain for comments, suggestions and feedback on the website of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). The Draft aims at improving the overall health care delivery system in the country. It also seeks to improve upon the set outcome indicators related to women&#39;s health.

The quantity and the reasons for seeking cross border reproductive care are unknown. The present article provides a picture of this activity in six selected European countries receiving patients. methods: Data were collected from 46 ART centres, participating voluntarily in six European countries receiving cross border patients. All treated patients treated in these centres during one calendar month filled out an individual questionnaire containing their major sociodemographic characteristics, the treatment sought and their reasons for seeking treatment outside their country of residence.

In recent years, health tourism has become a rapidly growing global industry. Particularly in developed countries, high healthcare costs and systemic inefficiencies have led patients to seek alternative destinations. In this context, Turkey has emerged as an attractive option thanks to its geographical location, high-quality medical services, and affordable pricing. This study examines the reasons why United States (U.S.) citizens choose Turkey for health tourism, focusing on economic, structural, and socio-cultural factors.

The purpose of this study is to examine the communicative actions, organizational strategies, and practices affecting the perceived value through the cross-sectoral cooperation of the dental health tourism market during the COVID-19 pandemic era. The research sub-aims are to find out how the dental health tourism market influences the value perceived by stakeholders from the cooperation environment and the level of crosssectoral interaction in terms of organizational strategy due to the COVID-19 pandemic's effect. The research's originality is to support the axiom that effective management of perceived value in the dental health tourism market is related to the mutual conformity and coexistence of stakeholders engaged in communicative actions. In this study, the dental health tourism market was chosen as the field of application since it is in a position that serves different customer groups. The materials used in the dental health tourism market not only affect the industrial sector with its production and marketing dimensions but also directly influences the dental health tourism sector as a sub-branch of the medical tourism sector via its service dimension. The communication of dental material manufacturers with dentists and the communicative actions that affect perceived value in cross-sectoral cooperation, the service quality perceived by dentists, the value perceived by end consumers, and the effect of the perceived value of stakeholders on the dental health tourism sector were clarified within the scope of the research findings. The analysis of stakeholder opinions obtained from secondary data constitutes the study's dataset. Likewise, literature review, document analysis, and content analysis were applied in terms of methodology.

The problem of low-level knowledge about medical tourism often makes medical practitioners and stakeholders ignorant of the eventual consequences of outbound medical tourism and the possible advantages of inbound medical tourism. This study assesses the awareness and knowledge of medical tourism among medical practitioners in tertiary hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 160 medical doctors who have made referrals for medical tourism in other countries. A multi-stage sampling technique was used and data was collected using an Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The Mean years of experience among the doctors was = 17.6±9.5 years; 48 (30.00%) had a work experience of 11-20 years, 42 (26.25%) 21-30 years, while 20 (12.50%) had worked for more than 30 years. About 148 (92.50%) of the doctors were aware of medical tourism. Of the proportion that were aware (n = 160), 34(21.25%) reported their colleagues as their source of information, and 65 (40.63%) indicated their workplace as their source. Outbound and inbound medical tourism were the most popular categories of medical tourism among the doctors, 56 (35.00%) and 51 (31.88%), respectively. In summary, 83 (51.9%) of the doctors had fair knowledge of medical tourism, while 43 (26.9%) had poor knowledge, and 34 (21.3%) had good knowledge. High awareness of medical tourism among Nigerian doctors is crucial for safeguarding public health, improving local healthcare services, and reducing medical tourism-related risks. It also positions Nigeria to potentially benefit from inbound medical tourism in the future.

Outbound medical tourism is becoming common in Nigeria as patients are frequently sent to other countries for specialized care. The frequency and pattern of Outbound medical tourism help to direct the investments in medical tourism. This study sought to assess the frequency and pattern of outbound medical tourism in government-owned Hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 160 medical doctors who had made referrals for medical tourism in other countries. A multi-stage sampling technique was used, and data was collected using an Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. In the last 12 months, 227(36.15%) respondents had not done any referral, In the last 6 months, 381 (60.67%) had not done any referral outside the country, 215 (34.24%) had referred one (1) patient in the last 6 months 32 (5.1%) had done two (2) referrals. Commonest destinations included India 268 (42.68%), USA 98 (15.61%), UAE 71 (11.31%), UK 68 (10.83%), Saudi Arabia 42 (6.69%), Germany 27 (4.3%), Israel 18 (2.87%), Egypt 12 (1.91%), Canada 10 (1.59%), Singapore 8 (1.27%). Sixty-six percent of the clients selected their destination themselves, while 211 (33.60%) were selected by the doctors. The Top five referrals done by doctors in the last 12 months include Childbirth 53 (13.22%), Transplantation surgery 112 (27.93%), Ophthalmological surgery 44 (10.97%), Checkup 42 (10.47%), and Diagnostics 17 (4.24%). Improvements in local healthcare services will reduce outbound bound medical tourism and put Nigeria in a position to gain from inbound medical tourism.

Medical tourism, a rapidly growing market, has been recognized by many countries as a potential sector for economic diversification. Although Singapore stands out as one of the top destinations of medical tourism, investigation regarding its competitiveness has been limited and narrow in scope. This case study takes a qualitative approach to identify and analyze the factors that position Singapore as a competitive medical tourism destination. Based on a holistic approach, this study has shown that integrating diverse strategies for medical tourism development with sound government policies and proactive management practices have led to significant positive outcomes towards mutual success of tourism, healthcare and other economic sectors of Singapore. Additionally, the study provides strategic insights to drive lasting improvements in both public and private sectors of aspiring countries through efficient management and intelligent utilization of resources within and outside the medical tourism sector.

Infertility patients are willing to travel abroad to receive the medical treatment of choice. A 2010 study reported that approximately 25,000 couples travel abroad annually seeking infertility treatment. The purpose of this review is to analyze the criteria and risks related to cross-border reproductive care (CBRC) from the perspective of the patients and explore the issues raised regarding the country of origin and the destination country. A computerized search was performed in PubMed employing respective keywords. The total number of published articles provided by our PubMed search was 1905. Criteria for selecting the destination country include: the economic status, legislation, quality of care and anonymity. Despite the fact that CBRC is becoming a familiar concept, it raises concerns for the practitioner and issues of a social and bioethical nature. Most of them stem from the fact that health care acquires a commercialization aspect. Medical tourism entails several risks, such ...

Health tourism is the fastest growing healthcare industry worldwide and it refers to patients traveling to other developed or developing countries to improve or renew individual medical interventions. The growth of health tourism can also be seen as a chance for innovation and growth in developing countries. With this type of tourism as an export-growing strategy, many socio-economic problems can be solved that developing countries with traditional industries are faced. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the current views on the ways of doing business, as well as on tourism, which is becoming the industry that has suffered the most damage. In that sense, regional cooperation could be of saving importance for the tourism of Western Balkans countries after the pandemic of the Covid-19 and especially health tourism.

Taylor & Francis m akes every effort t o ensure t he accuracy of all t he inform at ion ( t he " Cont ent " ) cont ained in t he publicat ions on our plat form . However, Taylor & Francis, our agent s, and our licensors m ake no represent at ions or warrant ies what soever as t o t he accuracy, com plet eness, or suit abilit y for any purpose of t he Cont ent . Any opinions and views expressed in t his publicat ion are t he opinions and views of t he aut hors, and are not t he views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of t he Cont ent should not be relied upon and should be independent ly verified wit h prim ary sources of inform at ion. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, act ions, claim s, proceedings, dem ands, cost s, expenses, dam ages, and ot her liabilit ies what soever or howsoever caused arising direct ly or indirect ly in connect ion wit h, in relat ion t o or arising out of t he use of t he Cont ent .

While stem cell research still seeks the cures that researchers have promised, clinics have begun offering stem cell treatments. These treatments have no medical basis and often harm patients. Yet, they remain a powerful draw for many potential patients. We argue that the promotion of these treatments occurs through a rhetorical formation of "stem cell tourism" that merges the broader discursive trends of medicalization and neoliberalism, while also capturing many strategies used in public-facing rhetoric of science. We examine the contours of this rhetorical formation through an examination of websites for stem cell clinics.

Bu kitabın her türlü yayın hakkı Yaz Yayınları'na aittir, tüm hakları saklıdır. Kitabın tamamı ya da bir kısmı 5846 sayılı Kanun'un hükümlerine göre, kitabı yayınlayan firmanın önceden izni alınmaksızın elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi ya da herhangi bir kayıt sistemiyle çoğaltılamaz, yayınlanamaz, depolanamaz.

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of health tourism policies for the last twenty years. The objective of the study is to reveal prominent topics, recent research trends, influential authors and popular documents. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to carry out the study. A Boolean search of the Web of Science (WoS) Core
Collection was utilized to identify published documents upon health tourism policy. A total of 144 published documents published in WOS
between 2006 and 2024 were analyzed via VOSVIEWER. The study uncovers a multidisciplinary field with five main clusters such as health tourism, research and development, medical destination brand, medical facility and quality. Furthermore, the study points out that there is a change in research trends upon health tourism policy. While current studies in the scope address health management and medical tourist as recent topics, relatively recent studies seem to display focus on medical destination brand, equity, satisfaction, research and development, medical
facility and policy. Moreover, health tourism is realized to hold powerful interconnections with some of those author keywords such as medical
destination brand and policy. Presenting a meticulous review of the literature, this study contributes insights to literature a lot. Furthermore,
it functions as a guide for researchers, scientists and policy makers to set up or improve theories, policies and studies.

This study examined the predictors of intention to engage in a cosmetic surgery. A convenience sampling approach utilizing a selfadministered pen-and-paper and online survey was used to collect 214 responses in Australia. Favorable attitude had a significant positive effect on intention to engage in a cosmetic procedure for female respondents. On the other hand, subjective norms had a significant positive effect on intention to engage in a cosmetic procedure for male respondents. Managerially, findings will help practitioners in the cosmetic surgery industry to implement marketing strategies that target this growing consumer segment.

Study question How many frozen embryos are stored in Spain destined for donation to other couples, research, destruction, own use or abandoned? Summary answer In Spain, 5% of frozen embryos are destined for donation to other patients, 17% are fated for research, 17,7% for destruction and 12% are abandoned What is known already According to the latest data from the Spanish Fertility Society (SEF) registry, the total number of embryos stored in Spain in 2019, was 668.082. Clinics ask patients to specify their preferences for the embryo’s destinations such as: save the embryos for the future, donation to other patients, research, or discarding the embryos. Embryos were considered abandoned when a patient with frozen embryo/s stored failed to contact the clinic for &gt; 2 years and the patient could not be located. However, it is not known how many embryos are assigned to each destination, neither in Spain nor in any other country Study design, size, duration Reflecting concern about th...

Drawing on studies with 40 informants in Ghana and 74 informants in South Africa, we explore spiritual interventions among staff and patients that accompany their use of assisted reproduction. These practices and expressions of faith reinforce staff and patients as moral subjects who have done everything possible to assist in the vagaries of assisted reproduction—another form of care to enable, complement, and enhance high-tech intervention. We consider the creation of sacred spaces in the clinics, the rituals that form part of IVF practice, and the dilemmas of translation when assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) travel to different cultural and religious contexts.

Health tourism is defined as a tourism product of strategic importance in Hungary and spa towns are among the most visited destinations in the country. The aims of the present research are to explore the characteristics of the tourism sector in the spa town of Hajdúszoboszló, and to identify the trends having shaped its tourism in the previous decade. Time-series analysis of secondary tourism data as well as a questionnaire survey among visitors were conducted to assess the market position of the spa town. The results imply that both the well-balanced ratio of domestic and international guests and the diversity of international source markets were favourable for the town. In the future, the more efficient diversification of tourism products, the improvement of the MICE sector, and the development of gastronomic, cultural and sport tourism products are recommended.

The UAE has embarked on an ambitious reform program, Vision 2021 24 , with an overall aim to be ranked globally among the top 20 countries (in 2017 the UAE was ranked 39 th on the Legatum Prosperity Index 25 ). Vision 2021 also outlines the performance improvement targets for all aspects of health care: service provision, population health, public health and healthcare regulation. The current healthcare regulatory landscape in the UAE is quite fragmented with a number of different healthcare regulatory authorities responsible for their own area 26 . There have been calls for a more 'nuanced' regulatory approach to address this fragmentation 23 and create an environment that is more conducive to competition and private sector growth. A number of educational, research and regulatory organizations in the UAE participated in this research, including the largest and highest ranked university in the UAE (UAE University), the Abu Dhabi healthcare regulatory authority and the Behavioural Economics Department within the New York University Abu Dhabi. Throughout the period of this PhD study (2010-2019), I combined these research activities with full time leadership roles with a number of healthcare regulators and oversight agencies in the UAE, including the Health Authority Abu Dhabi (now known as the Department of Health) and the Ministry of Presidential Affairs. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of healthcare regulation by taking an in-depth look at three different regulatory methods used to regulate the conduct and performance of healthcare professionals and organizations in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the UAE. In this Chapter I will delve into the role, objectives and methods of regulation in the healthcare sector, as well as describe its anticipated benefits and highlight some of its unintended consequences. At the end of the Chapter I will also outline the focus of this thesis and describe the methodology for the study. Chapter 1 18 Effectiveness can be defined as 'the degree to which the objectives of a program, care, services, or system are achieved' 43 . In this section we will use Freiberg's taxonomy 37 to review the existing empirical evidence that describes the effects of healthcare regulation. Governments may seek to create, oversee or influence markets by limiting or preventing access to a market or liberalization of a monopoly or duopoly. Other ways to influence a market can be by imposing taxes, charges or levies. The main reasons to deploy these method are to create efficiencies, improve access to healthcare and establish financial accountability 44 . For example, the recent expansion of health insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act in the United States has resulted in a significant increase in insurance coverage and utilization 45,46 . Economic regulation has been criticized as a crude and largely ineffective mechanism in the healthcare sector 47 , delivering negligible benefits 48 . When it comes to healthcare regulation the focus has often been on so-called social regulation 44 that aims to change the behaviour and performance of organizations and professionals, rather than economic regulation. Transactional regulation consists of oversight arrangement through contractual and purchasing agreements, as well as grants, between government agencies and third parties 37 . These regulatory arrangements may include stipulations and requirements for the third party, for example compliance with privacy requirements, minimum wages for staff or the contractual agreement may stipulate that the third party achieve quality accreditation. These terms and conditions can be applied to ensure efficiency gains through competition and create greater accountability. In healthcare regulation, transactional methods include rate setting 35 . There is some evidence that rate setting can be used as an effective mechanism to contain expenditure and constrain expenditure growth 35 . The effects of one specific form of authorization, accreditation, has been the focus of an increasing number of studies across the world 49 . Most studies have found limited empirical evidence in support of the widespread use of accreditation as an effective strategy for improving performance in healthcare 50 . In the US for example, researchers compared medication errors between hospitals accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI) and non-accredited hospitals and found no statistically significant differences 51 . A randomized controlled trials in South Africa 52 found no significant effect on performance of accredited hospitals compared to the control group. However, in Denmark researchers found an associa-Chapter 1 20 An effective way to improve quality and contain costs are patient registries that track and make available the outcomes various population groups 68 . A large study comparing 13 registries in 5 countries concluded that registries can improve patient outcomes at a lower costs 69 . In the Netherlands, the establishment and maintenance of a national colorectal cancer surgery registry resulted in a 29% decline in mortality and 20% decline in severe complications 70 . Another informational regulatory tool is to disclose and release information such as reports about the quality of care. Food or menu labelling, for example, can help to reduce overall calorie intake. A large systematic review also concluded that the public release of performance data helps to stimulate change and improve quality. 72 Finally, regulators can also use less prescriptive and directive tools and more persuasive tools 38 , such as information campaigns and training. As Gunningham points out 73 , one of the most powerful tools for any regulator is acquiring and expanding its credibility and legitimacy. Ayres and Braithwaite's concept of responsive regulation 38 can assist regulators in finding the right regulatory strategy with the highest likelihood of success 74 . For example, many patients do not adhere to medical recommendations, resulting in lower than expected patient outcomes. 75 However, when patients are more likely to accept a clinician's recommendation if patients perceive that the clinician is credible and uses fair procedures 76 . Applying this understanding in the regulatory context may also result in greater compliance with regulatory requirements. Methods of legal regulation include laws, guidelines and rules. Growing evidence exists indicating that Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) can, at times, have positive effects on the quality of clinical care 77 . Clinical Practice Guidelines are often used to support clinicians in using best available clinical evidence in their daily clinical practice. There is some evidence that by standardizing clinical practice improvements in the quality and safety of care can be made 78,79 . Since the positive effects are widely acknowledged, health care regulatory agencies have often mandated the development and implementation of guidelines 80 . Another form of applying regulatory requirements is through mandatory incident and adverse event reporting 81 . Several longitudinal 82 studies reviewing adverse event rates over a period of time found limited evidence that these mandatory systems resulted in a reduction in incidents or adverse events 83 . Finally, many healthcare regulators have attempted to steer the behaviours of organizations and professionals by setting standards describing and specifying the compliance require-Validity and Reliability of Inspector Assessments of Acute Hospitals in England.; 2014. http:// www.kingsfund.org.uk/events/european-health-policy-group-autumn-2014-meeting. 60. Tuijn SM, Robben PBM, Janssens FJG, van den Bergh H. Evaluating instruments for regulation of health care in the Netherlands.

Dental tourism is one of the foreign exchange earning services in
health tourism. Turkey, Hungary, Mexico and India are among the
prominent countries with dental tourism services in the world.
For this reason the treatment services offered by these four countries,
origin of dental tourists and dental tourism revenues are investigated
in the scope of this research Embedded theory, one of the qualitative
research methods, was preferred in the study. As a data source, comments
specific to Turkey, Hungary, Mexico and India on the whatclinic platform
were used and the current situation of the countries was analyzed.
After examining 42 clinics in Whatclinic that received thirty
or more comments, 2531 comments were converted into excel
files with the pyton program, the data divided into categories by
creating subcodes with an excel macro, and graphed with R studio.
According to the findings, the most preferred treatments include
the combination of two or more operations, while the pedodontics
department seems to be a preferred branch only within the scope of
diaspora tourism. As an important contribution of the study diaspora
tourism, , has a serious effect on the formation of dental tourism demand.
As a result, in the light of the findings, it is thought that it may
be important to prefer customized strategies for branches in
market diversification activities within the scope of dental tourism
hence diaspora tourists can be selected as the target

Dental turizm günümüzde giderek büyüyen bir alt sağlık turizmi türü haline gelmiştir. Fiyatların yüksek olması ve uzun bekleme süreleri hastaların farklı destinasyonları tercih etmesine yol açmaktadır. Genel olarak, hastaların farklı destinasyonları tercih etmelerinde; kültürel farklılıklar, mesafe, fiyatlandırma ve doktorların uzmanlıkları önemli faktörler rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi (ADÜ) Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi hastanesinden hizmet alan yurtdışı sigortalı ve yabancı ülke vatandaşı hastaların demografik özellikleri, aldıkları dental hizmetler ve ekonomik katkılarının karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Veriler hastaneye ait sosyal güvenlik kurumu (SGK) veri tabanından rapor olarak alınmış ve analizler hastane yönetiminin yazılı izniyle elde edilen 2,516 sayfalık resmi belge üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler 2014-2020 yılları arasındaki 438 hastayı kapsamıştır (289 yurtdışı sigortalı ve 149 yabancı ülke vatandaşı). Veri tabanından çekilen hastalar ilk olarak yurtdışı sigortalı ve yabancı ülke vatandaşı olmak üzere iki kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Ön incelemenin ardından yaş, cinsiyet, statü, yakınlık, ikamet yeri, geliş devri ve ödenen ücret gibi değişkenler ayrı kategoriler altında pivot tablosuna aktarılarak karşılaştırma yapmaya uygun hale getirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda yurtdışı sigortalı olanlardan özellikle Almanya'dan gelen hastaların dental turizm bağlamında önemli bir niş hedef pazar olarak değerlendirilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Resumo Estudo de abordagem qualitativa com objetivo de analisar as representações sociais de formadores de opinião acerca do direito e do acesso à saúde em territorialidade transfronteiriça de Foz do Iguaçu-Paraná. Realizaram-se entrevistas com líderes de movimentos sociais, professores universitários, trabalhadores da saúde e jornalistas. Utilizou-se da Teoria das Representações Sociais, proposta por Moscovici, com enfoque na análise tridimensional para tratamento dos dados. Os resultados indicam uma diversidade de representações do direito à saúde no território, sustentadas, desde uma noção de cidadania restrita, garantida aos nacionais, passando por uma concepção ampliada de saúde até o entendimento da saúde como um direito universal. No que se refere ao acesso aos serviços de saúde, como expressão do direito, observa-se movimentos contraditórios que limitam o acesso do transfronteiriço ao edificar uma concepção que marginaliza e exclui o que não é nacional. Conclui-se que o fina...

Nowadays, health, wellness and medical tourism are recognized as one of the most developed and growing sector of today&#39;s thriving tourism industry that has increased its activity worldwide, due to a lot of social and economic circumstancies that leads people to achieve and pursue a better quality of life. However, these kind of tourism face a multitude of challenges and one of that challenges is the discrepance on its different conceptual approaches and definitions. A literature review on this topic with a descriptive, comparative and exploratory nature was conducted, building a theoretical framework on this field of study. Units of meaning for the definition of the concept categories were elected, which allowed to reflect and sintetize the different approaches to the topic. This analysis brought other perspectives of identification and description of distinct themes, including a few issues about health, wellness, medical tourism, wellbeing and quality of life. Therefore, the ma...