Material Development

Given Nigeria‘s structural barriers to industrialisation and dependence on imported raw materials, the Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) was established in 1987 to promote sustainable industrial growth through local resource utilisation. This paper
examines the Council‘s initiatives from 2000 to 2015, focusing on its role in fostering local partnerships and enhancing indigenous raw material development. Using both primary and secondary sources, the study argues that RMRDC played a pivotal role in addressing key
challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, low technological adoption, and weak linkages between raw material sectors and industrialisation. It highlights strategic collaborations with
research institutions, private sector stakeholders, and local communities, which facilitated technology transfer, improved agricultural productivity, and supported industrial growth. Key initiatives included the development of high-yield cassava varieties, the establishment of kaolin
and talc processing plants, and the substitution of barley with sorghum in beer production. Despite challenges such as funding constraints, policy inconsistency, and technological gaps, RMRDC made notable progress in promoting innovation, job creation, and rural development.
The paper concludes that the Council‘s efforts laid a crucial foundation for Nigeria‘s economic diversification and underscores the need for sustained institutional support, coherent policies, and strengthened partnerships to fully harness the country‘s raw material potential for long-term national development.

Öz: Toplumlar üzerinde küresel ölçekte etkisi olan doğal afetler ve pandemiler gibi olaylar, insanların yaşamlarında önemli değişiklikler yaratmakta ve çeşitli zorluklarla başa çıkmayı zorunlu kılmaktadır. Türkiye'nin coğrafi konumu nun doğal afetlere eğilimli olması, bu durumlarla mücadeleyi daha da elzem hale getirmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, pandemi sürecinde olduğu gibi tam kapanma dönemlerinde, eğitimcilere derslerini internet ve teknoloji aracılığıyla organize etme ve sürdürme görevi düşmektedir. Eğitim alanında teknolojinin hızla benimsenmesi, başlangıçta öğretmenler ve öğrenciler arasında kaygılara yol açmış olsa da süreç içinde bu yeniliklere uyum sağlanmış ve inter aktif derslere katılım artmıştır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde ve ardından yüz yüze eğitimde, sözlü çeviri uygulamaları odaklı derslerde dijital bir pano aracı olan Padlet'in kullanılabilirliğini incelemektir. Mevcut araştırma, dijital bir pano olan Padlet'in sözlü çeviri eğitiminde yer alan derslerde ödev takibi, dersin işlenişi ve değerlendirme süreçlerindeki potansiyel kullanımını ele almaktadır. Padlet hem öğrenci hem de eğitimci açısından avantajlara sahiptir. Bu avantajlar arasında akran değerlendirmesi de yer almaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma yaklaşımı olan betimleyici analiz benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın teorik altyapısını yapılandırmacı yaklaşım oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, interaktif öğrenme ortamlarında kullanılan Padletin bir eğitim teknolojisi olarak ilgili derslere entegre edilmesi ve bir ders saati için nasıl kullanılacağı hakkında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Today's education aims to equip students with the 21st-century skills necessary for success in a world shaped by globalization and technological advancement. These skills include creativity, collaboration, critical thinking, communication, and complex problem-solving. In the context of teaching English to young learners, particularly in Islamic elementary schools, integrating a game-based approach into the classroom proves to be an effective strategy. This approach fosters an engaging and dynamic learning Innovating Indonesian Islamic Elementary English Education through ….

Peer correction can be considered to be an essential component of writing sessions because good writing does not happen overnight. Hinkel (2015) says writing is not just about putting ideas into paper, but choose words carefully so that it represents the very ideas of a particular writer. A lot of patience, reading and creativity are a must to improve writing skills. A fi ne piece of writing has to go through a rigorous processbrainstorming, fi rst draft, fi rst editing, peer correction, proofreading fi nal draft and submission. These stages may help secondary level students and above polish and improve writing skills. Nevertheless, it is not surprising that teachers and students fi nd it frustrating and may overlook multiple revisions of their writing. To make the best use of the ongoing lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic, I redesigned a traditional in-class peer feedback task, during which students exchanged their papers with each other, read the papers and then discussed the grammatical errors they noticed. It was working well quite a few years ago in my class. However, it was diffi cult to generate students' interest in writing. Students were inclined more to fi xing language errors rather than commenting on content and organisation. No correction symbols were used and the papers used to be defaced by doodles and corrections. But this technique does not expect any papers or answers (soft copies) to be rough. Rather, this technique keeps peers engaged with each other's task through the use of checklist and a table of symbols. Students just check their checklists, use symbols, offer constructive feedback in a feedback box and email each other. This activity is not over after exchanging emails. They are encouraged to have more discussion on each other's writing using online platforms. Note that the activity below is described for both paper-based and digital exchanges. And students should not be that digitally savvy. Students can exchange their stories accompanied by a feedback form and a checklist via email. Digital exchange can also be implemented through Google Docs, which allows multiple users to access the same document. In any digital exchange, though, it is crucial for teachers to demonstrate how to use that certain digital platform in class so that students know how to access the story, make comments, track changes, and accept or reject changes.

Die Anforderungen an elastomere Dichtungen im Automobilbereich hinsichtlich Temperatur- und Medienbeständigkeit sind je nach Einsatzbereich sehr unterschiedlich. Insbesondere die Beständigkeit gegen ein bestimmtes Medium in Kombination mit ausgezeichneten Tieftemperatureigenschaften und Hochtemperaturstabilitäten ist eine große Herausforderung an Kautschukhersteller und Elastomerverarbeiter. Zudem werden die Anforderungen an Maßtoleranzen und Oberflächengüten der Bauteile immer anspruchsvoller. Viele Neuanwendungen basieren auf individuellen Dichtungslösungen, und den spezifischen Anforderungsprofilen der Bauteile können nur hochwertige und
auf die jeweilige Applikation hin maßgeschneiderte Werkstoffe gerecht werden.

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ilkogretim son sinif kademesindeki ogretmenlerin tarih derslerine duyduklari ilginin ve tarih derslerinden yararlanma durumlarinin belirlenmesidir. Tarih dersleri ogretmen adaylarinin bilissel, kisilik ve toplumsal gelisimini desteklemekle birlikte gunumuz olaylarini gecmisle iliskilendirebilmelerini saglamaktadir. Arastirmanin evreni Kilis il merkezinde bulunan Muallim Rifat Egitim Fakultesidir. Orneklem ise bu evrende yer alan Sosyal Bilgiler Ogretmenligi ogrencileridir.  Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen “Sosyal Bilgiler Ogretmen Adaylarinin Tarih Derslerine Yonelik Gorusleri” anketi uygulanmistir. Anketin Cronbach-Alpha katsayisi .87 olarak bulunmustur. Elde edilen bulgulara gore, ogretmen adaylarinin tarih egitiminin geregine ve onemine inandiklari ve bu baglamdaki sorulara “Katiliyorum” duzeyinde cevaplar verdikleri, tarih egitimine yonelik derslerin islenisi noktasinda yeni yontemlerin derslere eklenmesine yonelik...

Das Auto der Zukunft wird sich deutlich vom herkömmlichen unterscheiden, es wird elektrisch, vollvernetzt, multifunktional und autonom sein. Diese zukunftsweisenden Trends könnten viele der gewohnten Komponenten eines Autos verändern oder sogar komplett überflüssig machen. Der Beitrag erläutert, wie die Komponentenentwicklung für die Autos der Zukunft sichere, nachhaltige und intelligente autonome Mobilität ermöglichen kann.

The purpose of advising in language learning is to help learners to think more deeply about the language learning process in order to become more autonomous language learners (Carson & Mynard, 2012). The advising process is negotiated through dialogue between a learner and an advisor and this interaction can often be facilitated by the use of various tools. In this paper, the authors who are all (past or present) learning advisors (LAs) at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS) in Japan, begin by briefly outlining an ...

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana media pembelajaran digital dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan maharah istima' dalam pelajaran Bahasa Arab. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus dari berbagai lembaga pendidikan, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana media digital memengaruhi efektivitas dan motivasi belajar siswa. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi kelas, wawancara guru dan siswa, serta analisis isi materi pembelajaran digital. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajaran digital dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran dan memungkinkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang maharah istima' dalam konsep bahasa Arab. Namun, ada tantangan tertentu terkait akses dan keterampilan digital yang perlu ditangani. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur dan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media berbasis digital dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pembelajaran bahasa arab , salah satunya yaitu dapat meningkatkan kemampuan istima'. Media digital meminimalisir kendala (ruang, waktu, dan jarak), media digital dapat menambah kosakata bahasa Arab siswa, dan penggunaan media digital dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dan memberi motivasi belajar bahasa Arab siswa. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan media penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab digital karena guru perlu melakukan inovasi seperti pengembangan media digital.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana media pembelajaran digital dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan maharah istima' dalam pelajaran Bahasa Arab. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus dari berbagai lembaga pendidikan, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana media digital memengaruhi efektivitas dan motivasi belajar siswa. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi kelas, wawancara guru dan siswa, serta analisis isi materi pembelajaran digital. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajaran digital dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran dan memungkinkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang maharah istima' dalam konsep bahasa Arab. Namun, ada tantangan tertentu terkait akses dan keterampilan digital yang perlu ditangani. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur dan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media berbasis digital dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pembelajaran bahasa arab , salah satunya yaitu dapat meningkatkan kemampuan istima'. Media digital meminimalisir kendala (ruang, waktu, dan jarak), media digital dapat menambah kosakata bahasa Arab siswa, dan penggunaan media digital dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dan memberi motivasi belajar bahasa Arab siswa. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan media penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab digital karena guru perlu melakukan inovasi seperti pengembangan media digital.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana media pembelajaran digital dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan maharah istima' dalam pelajaran Bahasa Arab. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus dari berbagai lembaga pendidikan, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana media digital memengaruhi efektivitas dan motivasi belajar siswa. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi kelas, wawancara guru dan siswa, serta analisis isi materi pembelajaran digital. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajaran digital dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran dan memungkinkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang maharah istima' dalam konsep bahasa Arab. Namun, ada tantangan tertentu terkait akses dan keterampilan digital yang perlu ditangani. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur dan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media berbasis digital dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pembelajaran bahasa arab , salah satunya yaitu dapat meningkatkan kemampuan istima'. Media digital meminimalisir kendala (ruang, waktu, dan jarak), media digital dapat menambah kosakata bahasa Arab siswa, dan penggunaan media digital dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dan memberi motivasi belajar bahasa Arab siswa. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan media penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab digital karena guru perlu melakukan inovasi seperti pengembangan media digital.

This research aimed to develop an interactive e-book integrating traditional games, such as Cublak-Cublak Suwung and Truth or Dare cards, with structured scaffolding to support English language learning. The researchers implemented scaffolding through step-by-step exercises that progressively guided students in understanding texts. While many studies have explored digital media in language learning, research on interactive e-books incorporating traditional games and scaffolding remains limited. Addressing this gap, this study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative data from 15 seventh-grade students was collected through Likert-scale questionnaires, and qualitative data was collected from interviews with an English teacher, observations, and student questionnaires. The e-book was validated by two experts in design and content, with validation scores of 4.33 from the media expert and 4.23 from the content expert, while students rated it 4.22, confirming its high validity. Additionally, student feedback indicated a strong interest in using the e-book for English learning, with an average score of 4.35. This innovative approach supports more engaging, culturally relevant English learning, making it a valuable resource for classrooms and supplementary learning, particularly among Indonesian learners.

Peer correction can be considered to be an essential component of writing sessions because good writing does not happen overnight. Hinkel (2015) says writing is not just about putting ideas into paper, but choose words carefully so that it represents the very ideas of a particular writer. A lot of patience, reading and creativity are a must to improve writing skills. A fi ne piece of writing has to go through a rigorous processbrainstorming, fi rst draft, fi rst editing, peer correction, proofreading fi nal draft and submission. These stages may help secondary level students and above polish and improve writing skills. Nevertheless, it is not surprising that teachers and students fi nd it frustrating and may overlook multiple revisions of their writing. To make the best use of the ongoing lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic, I redesigned a traditional in-class peer feedback task, during which students exchanged their papers with each other, read the papers and then discussed the grammatical errors they noticed. It was working well quite a few years ago in my class. However, it was diffi cult to generate students' interest in writing. Students were inclined more to fi xing language errors rather than commenting on content and organisation. No correction symbols were used and the papers used to be defaced by doodles and corrections. But this technique does not expect any papers or answers (soft copies) to be rough. Rather, this technique keeps peers engaged with each other's task through the use of checklist and a table of symbols. Students just check their checklists, use symbols, offer constructive feedback in a feedback box and email each other. This activity is not over after exchanging emails. They are encouraged to have more discussion on each other's writing using online platforms. Note that the activity below is described for both paper-based and digital exchanges. And students should not be that digitally savvy. Students can exchange their stories accompanied by a feedback form and a checklist via email. Digital exchange can also be implemented through Google Docs, which allows multiple users to access the same document. In any digital exchange, though, it is crucial for teachers to demonstrate how to use that certain digital platform in class so that students know how to access the story, make comments, track changes, and accept or reject changes.

This article explores the main aspects of designing a syllabus within the context of Colombia's elementary education system. It emphasizes the importance of aligning syllabi with the specific needs and contexts of learners, drawing on various theoretical frameworks to analyze different English for General Purposes (EGP) syllabi. The paper distinguishes between product-oriented and process-oriented syllabi, highlighting their implications for selecting the content and defining the scope and sequence. It also discusses the Colombian National Ministry of Education's initiative to establish a suggested curriculum that integrates task-based, project-based, and contentbased approaches resulting in a hybrid syllabus, focusing on thematic areas relevant to students' lives. The findings advocate for continuous professional development for educators to enhance their knowledge and skills in syllabus design, ultimately aiming to improve English language teaching and learning in Colombian elementary schools.
Keywords: Syllabus definitions, EGP, syllabi models, elementary educational policy

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan kurikulum pengembangan pribadi muslim dalam perencanaan, proses, dan evaluasi di SMP Islam Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan jenis pendekatan kualitatif dan mengambil objek penelitian di SMP Islam Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif yang berarti mendeskripsikan data yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan kurikulum pengembangan pribadi muslim belum terlaksana dalam penyunan perencanaan pembelajaran bahasa Arab oleh guru mata pelajaran bahasa Arab, Penyusunan RPP dan Silabus guru mata pelajaran bahasa Arab belum mencantumkan ayat al-Qur'an yang akan disampaikan dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Akan tetapi ...

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim son sınıf kademesindeki öğretmenlerin tarih derslerine duydukları ilginin ve tarih derslerinden yararlanma durumlarının belirlenmesidir. Tarih dersleri öğretmen adaylarının bilişsel, kişilik ve toplumsal gelişimini desteklemekle birlikte günümüz olaylarını geçmişle ilişkilendirebilmelerini sağlamaktadır. Araştırmanın evreni Kilis il merkezinde bulunan Muallim Rıfat Eğitim Fakültesidir. Örneklem ise bu evrende yer alan Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenliği öğrencileridir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Tarih Derslerine Yönelik Görüşleri" anketi uygulanmıştır. Anketin Cronbach-Alpha katsayısı 87 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğretmen adaylarının tarih eğitiminin gereğine ve önemine inandıkları ve bu bağlamdaki sorulara "Katılıyorum" düzeyinde cevaplar verdikleri, tarih eğitimine yönelik derslerin işlenişi noktasında yeni yöntemlerin derslere eklenmesine yönelik talepleri olduğu görülmüştür.

الملخص: إن اللغة العربية إحدى من لغة عالمية يتحدث بها الملايين من سكان المعمورة. فواقع تعليم اللغة العربية في أيامنا الحديثة الى وهن أصاب هذه اللغة من أبرز مظاهره في ضعف اللغة المتعلمين حيث تواجهت عدة تحديات من أبنائها و غيرها الذين لم يقدروها حق قدرها. إحدى من التحديات فهي صعوبة التعلم الذي يتضمن من بعض العوامل بما فيه  عوامل التربية و الإجتماعية، و النفسية إما من جهة التعلم او جانب الأخرى. و سبب رئيسي لصعوبة الفهم لدى الطلبة من غير هؤلاء العوامل الثلاثة فهو عوامل الدوافع في نفس الطلبة. الفصل التحضير هو الفصل المكثف الشامل للحصول الى الدرجة و النتيجة المنشودة في اللغة العربية لطالبة غير خريجات كلية المعلمات الإسلامية الذي لم تكسب لديهن مهارة اللغة العربية تاما ولم تسبق لديهن أي خلفية اللغوية كانت. فرغبت الباحثة في تحليل المشكلة اللغوية بتجديد على وسيلة التعليم البطاقة الكيز تقويما على إثراء معرفة طالبة الجامعة. بهذه الوسيلة تهدف الباحثة لتوسيع المفردات اللغوية من خلال الطريقة اللعبة المسرورة الميسرة و تسهيلا لإنماء فهمهم. تمت هذا البحث بطريقة الميداني على سبيل الحوار و تطبيق الوسيل...

This article discusses the text readability of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)-like reading texts written by Indonesian-English-teachers who are teaching in high schools in Jawa Barat province, Indonesia. The aims of the research are to describe the lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and lexical variation indexes of the PISA-like reading texts compared to PISA reading texts 2018 released field trial new reading items. The method applied is a qualitative with descriptive quantification. The qualitative method is employed to identify and describe both lexical and grammatical words, in addition to specifying the lemmas and ranking clauses in the PISA-like reading texts. Quantifying the indexes of lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and lexical variation are implemented. All analyses utilized are based on the systemic functional linguistic approach. It is reported that, firstly, the texts of PISA reading texts 2018 are lexically denser than the PISA-like reading texts. Secondly, the texts of PISA reading texts 2018 are grammatically more intricate than the PISA-like reading texts. Lastly, PISA-like reading texts have similar index with PISA reading texts 2018.

Pasongsongan adalah sebuah desa yang terletak di ujung barat laut kabupaten Sumenep. Berjarak kurang lebih 40 km dari pusat kota kabupaten, desa ini sangat ramai dengan masyarakat yang umumnya bermatapencaharian sebagai petani dan nelayan. Keadaan masyarakat Pasongsongan hidup dalam nuansa agamis, dibuktikan dengan banyaknya pesantren ataupun mushalla yang riuh dengan pendidikan agama Islam -utamanya di malam hari- ditambah dengan adanya masjid
yang rata-rata ada dua di setiap dusunnya, dan tak kalah pentingnya di tengahtengah desa ini terdapat lembaga pendidikan formal berupa madrasah swasta terdiri dari RA, MI, MDT, MTs., dan MA yang dikelola oleh LP Maarif MWC NU, yang menjadi pusat pembelajaran bagi masyarakat Pasongsongan.
Maka kami kemudian memilih untuk mengadakan penelitian pembelajaran
bahasa Arab di salah satu lembaga tersebut, yaitu Madrasah Aliyah Itmamunnajah, khususnya di kelas X IPS-1.

Resumo: Este artigo visa discutir e identificar representações discursivas sobre o Brasil e os brasileiros construídas em um livro de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE). Com base nos estudos trans/indisciplinares em Linguística Aplicada e em teorias discursivas de linguagem, parte-se da hipótese de que o livro didático analisado silencia as múltiplas e possíveis identidades do brasileiro; e que, quando retratadas, são tidas como estagnadas. Na análise, foram identificadas cinco representações, sintetizadas nos seguintes enunciados: (a) o brasileiro é "gente boa"; (b) Brasil: o país das praias, futebol e fio dental; (c) o brasileiro é engraçado; (d) Brasil, um país exótico; e (e) o brasileiro é romântico. Essas representações se inscrevem em discursos de colonialidade que corroboram imagens totalizantes sobre língua-cultura e identidade brasileiras. A análise aponta a necessidade de problematizar, nos processos de ensinoaprendizagem de línguas, sentidos homogêneos e universalizantes que (re)produzem preconceitos, estereótipos e reforçam relações desiguais de poder. Palavras-chave: Ensino de línguas. Material didático. Português como Língua Estrangeira.

There are a number of countries that have English as a language of apex court, India is one of them. English, in India, crept into Indian education system as a subject with great effort of Lord Macaulay but dynamically it changed its status. It started its journey as foreign language, then it acquired the status of second language and now it is official language of Supreme Court of India. It would be interesting how far English used in India in legal documents still shares the same linguistic features established by the British. The present study investigates the syntactic features of Indian Acts. Studies conducted so far on legal English consensually attribute an adjective to legal English: complex. The present study aims to investigate the area where this complexity lie and would also justify the reason for its complexity. It would highlight those syntactical areas which contribute to its complexity. The present paper is divided into three sections, the first deals with definition...

This game literature of selected Traditional Filipino Games covers the history, objectives, mechanics, and equipment used by players. It also explains how to determine the winning team and the consequences or punishments for the losing team. The term “variation” in the game’s mechanics signifies the differences in how the game is played across various places and regions. Additionally, it highlights the cultural significance and community values embedded in these traditional games.

Keywords: traditional Filipino games, game literature, traditional games

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the humanistic approach in learning Arabic and to determine its effect on increasing student learning motivation. The applied humanistic approach adopts the principles of Gestalt theory. i.e. humanistic teachers believe that students will be motivated to study teaching materials if they are related to their needs and wants; educational goals should encourage students' desire to learn; humanistic educators believe that grades are irrelevant and only self-evaluation is meaningful; do not separate cognitive and affective domains; and learn without threat. The results show that the implementation of the humanistic approach in Arabic language learning is in accordance with the principles of Gestalt. The implementation of the humanistic approach in Arabic language learning is also able to increase students' learning motivation. This can be seen from the statistical significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 between the pre-test and posttest results which means there is a significant difference. These results can be concluded that through the implementation of the humanistic approach in learning Arabic can increase student learning motivation. So that the alternative hypothesis which states that the implementation of a humanistic approach in learning Arabic can increase the learning motivation of students in class X IPA 1 is proven or accepted.

It is undeniable that increasingly sophisticated and rapid technological developments have penetrated the world of education. Teachers, as educators, are required to be able to operate various kinds of learning media. As time progresses, learning media has also changed from conventional to digital. In the context of the 21st century, digital learning media have been in the spotlight since the pandemic began; one of them is the Quizizz application. Various levels of education, from elementary to tertiary, make this digital medium an alternative medium to be used in learning. This research will discuss the existence of the Quizizz application as the most widely used digital learning medium today. The research method used is qualitative, with a phenomenological approach. The research sample participants were field study students at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta during the period of September-November 2023. Data collection techniques included interviews and documentation. The result of the research shows that the majority of educators tend to choose the Quizizz application as a learning tool in delivering the resultant material, and they can provide feedback for reference material to see the extent of students' responses to the material that has been presented.

This article discusses the text readability of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)-like reading texts written by Indonesian-English-teachers who are teaching in high schools in Jawa Barat province, Indonesia. The aims of the research are to describe the lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and lexical variation indexes of the PISA-like reading texts compared to PISA reading texts 2018 released field trial new reading items. The method applied is a qualitative with descriptive quantification. The qualitative method is employed to identify and describe both lexical and grammatical words, in addition to specifying the lemmas and ranking clauses in the PISA-like reading texts. Quantifying the indexes of lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and lexical variation are implemented. All analyses utilized are based on the systemic functional linguistic approach. It is reported that, firstly, the texts of PISA reading texts 2018 are lexically denser than the PISA-like r...

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının kendi alanlarına ilişkin öğretim materyallerini arama/bulma-internetten indirme, düzenleyip geliştirme, yeniden tasarlama ve gerçek sınıf ortamında kullanma ile ilgili görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmaya, bir devlet üniversitesinde pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifikası alan 40 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Bu araştırma, nitel betimsel bir çalışmadır. Öğretmen adaylarının öğretim materyaline ilişkin görüşleri, araştırmacı tarafından tasarlanan açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan bir anket formu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Bu formdan elde edilen nitel veriler, içerik analizi yöntemine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğretmen adaylarının kendi alanlarına ilişkin öğretim materyallerini arama/bulma-indirme, arayıp/bulduğu-indirdiği mevcut öğretim materyallerini düzenleyip geliştirme, alanıyla ilişkili materyalleri yeniden tasarlayıp oluşturma ve gerçek sınıf ortamında kullanma gibi konularda çok yeterli olmadıkları ve bu konulara ilişkin kendilerini de kısmen yeterli hissettikleri görülmüştür. Bu araştırmada elde edilen nitel sonuçlar doğrultusunda, öğretmen eğitimi kalitesinin artırılmasıyla ilgilenen araştırmacılara bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

In oral communication, listening skill is important because communication does not take place successfully if the message stated is not understood. To master the skill, learners should learn it. Therefore, good listening materials are needed. However, English teachers often find it difficult to teach listening skills because the listening materials are not adequately available. Besides, if the materials are available, they are not appropriate with the students&#39; needs and the curriculum. In that case, English teachers need to develop listening materials by themselves. For this, they should have knowledge of materials development. This paper presents ideas and tips for English teachers how to develop good and applicable listening materials.

In oral communication, listening skill is important because communication does not take place successfully if the message stated is not understood. To master the skill, learners should learn it. Therefore, good listening materials are needed. However, English teachers often find it difficult to teach listening skills because the listening materials are not adequately available. Besides, if the materials are available, they are not appropriate with the students’ needs and the curriculum. In that case, English teachers need to develop listening materials by themselves. For this, they should have knowledge of materials development. This paper presents ideas and tips for English teachers how to develop good and applicable listening materials.

This qualitative study investigated the factors that affected the motivation and receptivity of English as a second language of female students who enrolled in the English Language center of the Foundation Program in the Community College of Qatar in the academic year 2015/2016. Besides, the study attempted to identify the mechanisms that are used by families, teachers, college administrators, and classmates that motivate or demotivate the students. Finally, the study tried to identify how the classroom environment impacted students’ motivation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 students in different ESL levels in which the participants were asked different questions related to the impact of five dimensions on the respondents’ motivation to learn English. These dimensions are concerned about family impact, teachers’ impact, administrators’ impact, classmates’ impact, and impact of the respondents’ willingness and goals to learn the target language. The questions were ...

This study aims to determine the concept of developing language teaching or material mahârah istim &#39;and mahārah kalâm in Arabic matriculation at MAN 1 Boyolali. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods that are used to produce a particular product. The steps taken are needs analysis, learning design, product development, validation of media experts and material experts, teacher and/or student responses, revisions, and final / product development. Data collection methods used were observation, tests, documentation, and interviews. The concept of developing material in this study there are five, namely analysis, design, development, evaluation and revision. There are seven steps in the design of learning material development in this study, namely: Requirement analysis, Learning design, Product development (teaching material), Product validation, Teacher and student responses, Revision, and Product material/teaching material. According to the data obtained from obs...

‘Prospect’ is the name allocated to three consecutive ELT textbooks designed for three grades of junior high schools in Iran. As Richards (2007) maintains, when a textbook is developed and used for an ELT context, its evaluation is even more important because its pedagogical value needs to be determined. In order to help material developers of Iran’s Ministry of Education modify ‘Prospect’ series and lessen the probable shortcomings, this study aims to evaluate one of the series according to a model provided by McDonough and Shaw (1993) based on external and internal evaluation through screening the attitudes of EFL teachers (230 female and 290 male) who have been incorporating ‘Prospect 3’ in their classrooms during the last five years in four provinces of Iran-Fars, Mazandaran, Golestan and Gilan. A 55-five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was adopted to gather data. The researchers employed SPSS to analyze the data, and it was revealed that the respondents were relatively satisfied with some crucial aspects of ‘Prospect 3’, and it has met its pedagogical objectives. However, it was evaluated very poor in printing quality and did lack motivating illustrations. Not considering the needs of the learners, not incorporating authentic language and variant dialects, and not using specific techniques to make the input more comprehensible, were among other recommended shortcomings that need modification.

Ajazi, F.C., K. Kurteshi, M.A. Ehrmann, R. Gecaj, M. Ismajli, B. Berisha and I. Vehapi, 2018 . Microbiological study of traditional cheese produced in Rugova region of Kosovo. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 24 (2): 321–325 Total mesophilic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteria as well as yeast and moulds were investigated during the production of the traditional Rugova cheese without using any starter culture. This type of cheese has been produced and consumed by the local population in the Rugova region for centuries, and is important for their economy. Samples from different stages of production (raw milk, curd and cheese during maturation on day 1, 8 and 14) were collected from local farms in the Rugova region, Kosovo, during winter. After sample collection and their serial dilution, samples were plate on different media and incubated at the appropriate temperature. According to identical morphology and physiology the number of 52 isolates obtained from de Man...

Bilisim teknolojilerindeki gelisim ve yonelimler, diger ulkelerde oldugu gibi Turkiye’de de egitime teknoloji entegrasyonunu gerekli kilmis, MEB konuya iliskin projeler gelistirmeye ve uygulamaya baslamistir. Turkiye’de egitime teknoloji entegrasyonu baglaminda gerceklestirilen buyuk butceli yatirimlarin hedefine ulasmasi, teknoloji entegrasyonunun dogru ve amacina donuk gerceklestirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Ancak ogretmenlerin dijital materyallerden yararlanma durumlarina iliskin belirsizlikler soz konusudur. Bu belirsizligin giderilmesine katki sunma baglaminda gerceklestirilen bu arastirmada ilkokul ogretmenlerinin derslerinde dijital materyallerden yararlanma durumlari cesitli boyutlariyla incelenmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu, tam donanimli 9 ilkokuldaki 1. ve 2. siniflar ile ogretmenleri olusturmaktadir. Verilerin toplanmasinda yapilandirilmis gozlem tekniginden yararlanilmistir. Gozlemler, Sinif Ogretmenligi Anabilim Dali 4. sinifinda ogrenim goren ve Okul Deneyimi der...

I | INTRODUCTION The design of syllabi for second language teaching is a crucial concern that has garnered significant attention from language teachers. They play a central role in course design and material development, as the syllabus serves as the core of L2 instruction programs.

This qualitative study investigated the factors that affected the motivation and receptivity of English as a second language of female students who enrolled in the English Language center of the Foundation Program in the Community College of Qatar in the academic year 2015/2016. Besides, the study attempted to identify the mechanisms that are used by families, teachers, college administrators, and classmates that motivate or demotivate the students. Finally, the study tried to identify how the classroom environment impacted students’ motivation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 students in different ESL levels in which the participants were asked different questions related to the impact of five dimensions on the respondents’ motivation to learn English. These dimensions are concerned about family impact, teachers’ impact, administrators’ impact, classmates’ impact, and impact of the respondents’ willingness and goals to learn the target language. The questions were ...

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal geliştirme/tasarımı dersinin kazanımlarına ilişkin görüşlerini çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. 2007-2008 öğretim yılında Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Sınıf Öğretmenliği Ana Bilim Dalında öğrenim gören 275 öğretmen adayı örnekleme alınmıştır. Veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmış anket formu uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde t testi ve varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal geliştirme/tasarımı dersinin kazanımları ile sınıf düzeyleri ve öğretimde teknoloji kullanılan derslere karşı ilgi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Bu dersin kazanımları ile cinsiyet, öğretim şekli, teknoloji kullanımına yönelik ilgi, bilgisayar kullanım bilgisi ve mezun olunan lise arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktur.

Much recent learner-centred research has addressed the role of direct and indirect learning strategies in second language acquisition and production, as well as the value of metacognitive awareness in writing skills development. We shall describe a longitudinal project carried out with first-year Canarian university students focusing on the effect of integrated training in metacognitive and socio-affective strategies applied to EFL writing skills instruction. The use of dialogue journals, which reveal the frequency of metacognitive and socio-affective strategies deployed by our learners and the value of guided written reflection, will also be highlighted as both a quantitative and qualitative research instrument.

This article discusses the text readability of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)-like reading texts written by Indonesian-English-teachers who are teaching in high schools in Jawa Barat province, Indonesia. The aims of the research are to describe the lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and lexical variation indexes of the PISA-like reading texts compared to PISA reading texts 2018 released field trial new reading items. The method applied is a qualitative with descriptive quantification. The qualitative method is employed to identify and describe both lexical and grammatical words, in addition to specifying the lemmas and ranking clauses in the PISA-like reading texts. Quantifying the indexes of lexical density, grammatical intricacy, and lexical variation are implemented. All analyses utilized are based on the systemic functional linguistic approach. It is reported that, firstly, the texts of PISA reading texts 2018 are lexically denser than the PISA-like r...

If key aims of a SALC are to support learners and promote language learner autonomy, then the curriculum is an important tool in order to ensure that this is being systematically addressed. After explaining the context of the Self-Access Learning Center (SALC) at Kanda University of International Studies in Japan, the authors will briefly describe the self-directed learning curriculum, its evolution, and approaches to its evaluation. The development, implementation, and evaluation of a SALC curriculum is not straightforward as there may be political, financial, and technical challenges. However, with planning, persistence, and a gradual approach, a SALC curriculum can eventually become an integral part of a university program. Although the journey of this particular SALC is far from complete, charting its development so far could provide encouragement for SALC managers elsewhere, whose SALC curriculum may be at different stages of development.

Somut materyallerin kullanımı, öğrenciyi aktif halde tutmakta ve daha zengin öğrenme imkânları sunmaktadır. Somut materyaller, matematik öğretimini zevkli hale getirmekte olup öğrencinin motivasyonunu arttırmaktadır. Matematik öğretiminde, matematiksel kavramların öğrenciler tarafından iyi bir şekilde anlaşılması için somut materyallerden yararlanmak gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adaylarının, matematik öğretiminde kullanılan somut materyalleri kullanma becerilerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımına dayalı durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmaya bir devlet üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesi'nin 2. sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan ve Öğretim Teknolojileri ve Materyal Tasarımı dersini alan toplam 45 ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adayı dâhil edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, öğretmen adaylarının gözlem yoluyla toplanan ders anlatımlarına dair video kayıtları transkript edilmiştir. Oluşturulan dokümanlar nitel analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları ışığında, öğretmen adaylarının çoğunun somut materyalleri etkili ve amacına uygun olarak kullanamadıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmen adaylarının çoğu, konuyu öğretme amacıyla materyalleri kullanmak isteseler de pekiştirme amaçlı kullanmaktan öteye geçememişlerdir. Somut materyalleri etkili kullanan öğretmen adaylarının da sınırlı sayıda materyal kullandıkları görülmüştür.

Gelişen ve değişen dünyamızda, öğretmenlerimizin matematik öğretiminde öğrenme ortamını etkin kılmak ve 21. yüzyılın bireylerini yetiştirmek için gösterdikleri uğraşta, öğretim teknolojilerinin ve öğretim materyallerini geliştirme ve uygulamanın yeri ve önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Günümüzde, bireylerin bilgiyi tek bir kaynaktan almaları ve ezberlemeleri beklenmemekte, aksine bilgiye ulaşma yollarını bilen, bunları kullanabilen ve karşılaştığı sorunlar karşısında bilgiyi kullanarak çözüm yöntemleri oluşturabilen bireylerin yetiştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır, bireylerin bu özellikleri kazanmalarında, öğretmenlerin etkin ve etkileşimli öğrenme ortamlarını tasarlamalarında, öğretim teknolojileri ilkelerine uygun olarak hazırlanan öğretim materyallerinin kullanımı ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada matematik öğretiminde materyal geliştirmenin ve kullanmanın önemine ek olarak D.Ü Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümün' de geliştirilen matematik öğretimi materyallerinin sunumu amaçlanmaktadır.

Gelişen ve değişen dünyamızda, öğretmenlerimizin matematik öğretiminde öğrenme ortamını etkin kılmak ve 21. yüzyılın bireylerini yetiştirmek için gösterdikleri uğraşta, öğretim teknolojilerinin ve öğretim materyallerini geliştirme ve uygulamanın yeri ve önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Günümüzde, bireylerin bilgiyi tek bir kaynaktan almaları ve ezberlemeleri beklenmemekte, aksine bilgiye ulaşma yollarını bilen, bunları kullanabilen ve karşılaştığı sorunlar karşısında bilgiyi kullanarak çözüm yöntemleri oluşturabilen bireylerin yetiştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır, bireylerin bu özellikleri kazanmalarında, öğretmenlerin etkin ve etkileşimli öğrenme ortamlarını tasarlamalarında, öğretim teknolojileri ilkelerine uygun olarak hazırlanan öğretim materyallerinin kullanımı ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada matematik öğretiminde materyal geliştirmenin ve kullanmanın önemine ek olarak D.Ü Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümün' de geliştirilen matematik öğretimi materyallerinin sunumu amaçlanmaktadır.

Este artigo visa discutir e identificar representações discursivas sobre o Brasil e os brasileiros construídas em um livro de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE). Com base nos estudos trans/indisciplinares em Linguística Aplicada e em teorias discursivas de linguagem, parte-se da hipótese de que o livro didático analisado silencia as múltiplas e possíveis identidades do brasileiro; e que, quando retratadas, são tidas como estagnadas. Na análise, foram identificadas cinco representações, sintetizadas nos seguintes enunciados: (a) o brasileiro é "gente boa"; (b) Brasil: o país das praias, futebol e fio dental; (c) o brasileiro é engraçado; (d) Brasil, um país exótico; e (e) o brasileiro é romântico. Essas representações se inscrevem em discursos de colonialidade que corroboram imagens totalizantes sobre língua-cultura e identidade brasileiras. A análise aponta a necessidade de problematizar, nos processos de ensinoaprendizagem de línguas, sentidos homogêneos e universalizantes que (re)produzem preconceitos, estereótipos e reforçam relações desiguais de poder. Palavras-chave: Ensino de línguas. Material didático. Português como Língua Estrangeira.

Bu çalışma ile ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliğinde öğrenimlerine devam eden öğretmen adaylarının "Öğretim Teknolojileri ve Materyal Tasarımı" (ÖTMT) dersine yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek ve dersin kazanımlarına ilişkin düşüncelerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma betimsel bir yaklaşımla yapılmış, nitel ve nicel yöntemlerin birleştirilmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri ÖTMT dersini alan toplam 186 matematik öğretmeni adayı çalışmanın katılımcıları olarak alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; öğretmen adaylarının tutumlarını tespit etmek için 5'li Likert tipi "öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal tasarımı dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği" ve "yazılı görüş formu" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni adayları yazılı görüşlerinde, ÖTMT dersinin kendilerine en büyük katkısının öğretmenlik deneyimi yaşatması ve öğretmenlik duygusu kazandırması olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Aynı zamanda araştırma sonucunda matematik öğretmeni adaylarının ÖTMT dersinin yararlı olduğuna kesinlikle katıldıkları ve bu dersten hoşlandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ÖTMT derslerinde öğretmen adaylarının yaptıkları projeleri sınıf ortamında sunmaları ve paylaşmalarının mesleki anlamda gelişimlerine önemli katkı sağladığından dolayı, bu tür uygulamaların devam etmesi önerilmektedir.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic created disruption in many of the institutions we regularly rely on, including universities. While disruption may often bring with it a myriad of possible pitfalls, it affords potential opportunities for change and development by reflecting on and modifying practices. In this article, a group of learning advisors and administrators from a self-access center at an international university in Japan reflect on the ruptures we experienced as a result of changes due to unexpectedly working remotely and our attempts to find stability, the pitfalls we sought to avoid, and the opportunities that we found amidst the disruption. Specifically, we illustrate our experiences related to student-led learning communities, self-access curricula, and learning advising, considering the effect on students and advisors alike. We advocate that self-access practitioners actively promote the use of language, encourage the development of communities of learners who focus on th...

In this research aimed at determining the TPACK self-efficacy for pre-service science teachers on material development, the relational screening model was used. The research was carried out with a total of 141 pre-service science teachers from Kahramanmaraş Sütcü Imam University in 2016-2017 fall academic years. The datas were collected by using the "Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) self-efficacy scale for pre-service science teachers on material development" developed by Balçın and Ergün (2016). Independent-t test, one way variance analysis (Anova) and Tukey analysis were used in the statistical evaluation of the obtained data. Also, data are evaluated on 0.05 level relevance and its percentage, frequency, average and standard deviation levels are calculated. According to the findings obtained in the research, it was determined that the variables of grade level and teaching technologies and material development courses were influenced by TPACK self-efficacy for preservice science teachers on material development (p<0.05). However, it was determined that gender, level of academic achievement and intensity of technology use did not affect the TPACK self-efficacy for pre-service science teachers on material development.

In this research the authors aimed at determining the TPACK self-efficacy for pre-service science teachers on material development, the relational screening model was used. The research was carried out with a total of 141 pre-service science teachers from Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University in 2016-2017 fall academic years. The data were collected by using the &quot; Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) self-efficacy scale for pre-service science teachers on material development &quot; developed by Balcin and Ergun (2016). Independent-t test, one way variance analysis (Anova) and Tukey analysis were used in the statistical evaluation of the obtained data. Also, data are evaluated on 0.05 level relevance and its percentage, frequency, average and standard deviation levels are calculated. According to the findings obtained in the research, it was determined that the variables of grade level and teaching technologies and material development courses were influenced by TP...