Lesbian and Gay Fostering and Adoption

Il commento alla decisione n. 33/2025 della Corte costituzionale indaga l’impatto di tale pronuncia nel quadro del diritto delle adozioni, muovendo dalla prospettiva del pluralismo dei modelli familiari. La valutazione della
Corte costituzionale, favorevole ad ammettere la persona singola tra coloro che possono adottare un minore straniero, evidenzia come la genitorialità monoparentale possa costituire un ambiente familiare stabile e armonioso, in linea con il superiore interesse del minore. Viene approfondito il punto di equilibrio tra autodeterminazione dell’adottante e tutela del minore, con uno sguardo anche comparatistico. Si sottolinea infine come la pronuncia della Corte apra a possibili future estensioni dell’istituto adottivo, in favore di coppie di conviventi o di persone unite civilmente.

("The history and culture of Western civilization reflect a strong tradition of parental concern for the nurture and upbringing of their children. This primary role of the parents in the upbringing of their children is now established beyond debate as an enduring American tradition.");

Trata-se de um projeto desenvolvido a partir da disciplina de Práticas Integrativas II (Psicologia), em parceria com uma instituição-abrigo. A análise dos casos, a metodologia das ações e as discussões teóricas foram fundamentadas na abordagem sociodramática, enfatizando-se o exercício da criatividade e da espontaneidade como modo de ampliação dos vínculos e reconfiguração das relações, bem como a dramatização como exercício de protagonismo. O presente artigo evidencia a vivência de um grupo de familiares biológicos e adotantes, em um processo que implicou em forte repercussão para os integrantes. Participaram: um casal, que estava finalizando o processo de adoção de seu primeiro filho; uma senhora que desejava reaver a guarda de suas netas, ainda residentes na instituição. O processo grupal deu ensejo a importantes percepções e reflexões, a partir das quais tanto a representante da família biológica, como os pais adotivos ressignificaram seus pontos de vista a respeito da parentalidade.

Adoption and foster care are pivotal components of child welfare systems, designed to provide stable, nurturing environments for children who cannot remain with their biological families. This paper explores the complexities and challenges associated with adoption and foster care, highlighting the social, emotional, and psychological impacts on children, biological families, and caregivers. It examines the legal frameworks guiding these processes, the varying experiences of children in different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, and the importance of trauma-informed approaches within foster care settings. Additionally, the abstract discusses the role of community support, policy reforms, and the integration of services that promote permanence and well-being for children and families. Highlighting recent trends and research findings, this paper aims to inform policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders about best practices and the critical need for an inclusive and holistic approach to adoption and foster care that prioritizes the needs and rights of children. Furthermore, it advocates for continued investment in resources and training that equip foster and adoptive parents to better support the unique challenges faced by children in their care, fostering resilience and long-term positive outcomes.

La Cassazione delinea la sfera di applicabilità
dell’art. 44 della L. 184/83 evidenziando come non sia
rilevante ai fini della cosiddetta adozione speciale né l’ec-
cessiva differenza d’età tra l’adottante e l’adottando né
lo status dell’adottante, madre single nel caso di specie.
Richiamata la precedente giurisprudenza, la Suprema
Corte conferma il principio secondo cui il diniego all’a-
dozione particolare, manifestata dai genitori del minore,
rilevi solo quando la responsabilità genitoriale sia effetti-
vamente esercitata in forza di un reale e concreto rappor-
to affettivo.

The Supreme Court outlines the application’s sphere
of the different adoption models present in our legal sys-
tem, focusing on a new “mite” adoption form, similar to
the special cases. Adopting the ECHR’s jurisprudence, the
Ermellini confine to a residual hypothesis of a “legitimiz-
ing adoption”, increasingly considered an extrema ratio,
given its cutting effects on the relationships of the adopter
with the family of origin.

Dans le monde, il y a eu en 2013 trois fois moins d'adoptions internationales qu'en 2003. En outre, la plupart des mineurs adoptés internationaux sont désormais « à besoins spécifiques », c'est-à-dire relativement âgés, en fratrie, ou touchés par une pathologie. On examine ici les causes et les conséquences des évolutions de l'adoption internationale ces dix dernières années en France et dans le monde. * Groupe d'étude des méthodes de l'analyse sociologique de la Sorbonne (Gemass). (1) « mineur de 18 ans » (ou de 5 ou de 6…) désigne comme en droit un enfant qui a moins de 18 ans.

L’elaborato ha lo scopo di illustrare la tematica delle unioni tra persone dello stesso sesso nell'ordinamento italiano alla luce dell’assenza di una normativa organica e in chiave comparatistica rispetto agli altri ordinamenti europei. L’ attenzione si concentra altresì sull'excursus delle varie proposte di legge in materia di unioni civili, con particolare riferimento al disegno di legge cd. cirinnà-bis, e l’analisi delle tutele delle coppie omosessuali nella giurisprudenza delle Corti italiane ed europee

In many countries, the health care sector is entering into a time of unprecedented change. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has been introduced into healthcare organizations in order to incorporate better use of technology, to aid decision making, and to facilitate the search for medical solution. This needs those professionals in healthcare organizations to be in the process of changing from the use of paper to maintain medical records into computerized medical recordkeeping opportunities. However, the adoption of these electronic medical records systems has been slow throughout the healthcare field. The critical users are physicians which play an important role to success of health information technology including Electronic Medical Record systems. As a result user adoption is necessary in order to understand the benefits of an EMR. Therefore, in the current paper, a model of ranking factors of micro-level in EMRs adoption was developed. Surveys distributed to physicians as this study's respondent in two private hospitals in Malaysia. The findings indicate that physicians have a high perception means for the technology and showed that EMR would increase physician's performance regarding to decision making. They have been and continue to be positively motivated to adopt and use the system. The relevant factors according to micro-level perspective prioritized and ranked by using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The aim of ranking and using this approach is to investigate which factors are more important in EMRs adoption from the micro-level perspectives. The results of performing TOPSIS is as a novelty which assist health information systems (HIS) success and also healthcare organizations to motivate their users in accepting of new technology.

» Prof Melvyn Freeman from the National Department of Health who has taken time out of his busy schedule to attend the conference and give us his input ; » The previous and present Vice-Chancellors of Rhodes University, Dr Saleem Badat and Dr Sizwe Mabizela, for initially supporting the bid to host the conference and then the actual hosting of the conference; » The Rhodes School of Journalism and Media Studies for hosting the film maker Rehad Desai to be in attendance at the screening of the film Miners Shot Down as well as putting together the sidebar of documentaries that will be screened during the conference;

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da heteronormatividade nos vínculos conjugais homoafetivos. Partiu-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram entrevistados 4 casais homoafetivos entre 25 e 50 anos, que estão juntos há no mínimo 2 anos e no máximo há 11 anos. Os resultados apontaram que, no processo de construção da conjugalidade, todos os entrevistados, em algum grau, foram atravessados pelos ideais da heterossexualidade compulsória e heteronormatividade, por meio da deslegitimação de um espaço e externalização limitada. Ao final, foi possível lançar luzes às invisibilidades que casais homoafetivos vivenciam e revelar a força do vínculo conjugal como possibilidade de enfrentamento.

The present theoretical essay is based on six reports concerning same-sex couples and gay and lesbian people in order to interconnect homoparenting and the adoption of children with disabilities, through the lenses of human and social sciences in public health. The reports were interpreted in light of studies on same-sex adoption and the adoption of children with disabilities. Feminist approaches related to care and disability were also included in the interpretative perspective, operating as expressive webs of grammars of ableism. It was found that media approaches endorse the right to family formation and the adoption of children with disabilities by homoparental families, but with little critical depth on the category of disability and without highlighting support for the adoption of all adoptee profiles. Moreover, the intersections between homophobia and ableism increase discriminatory and oppressive logics, with the union of social groups considered to be "undesirable" representing a strategy of governmentality that reveals the complexity of grammars of ableism, applied to the sexual and reproductive rights of LGBTQIA+ adopters and to the fundamental rights of children and adolescents with disabilities who are available for adoption.

Deze thesis bevat een reconstructie van de contextuele theorie met het oog op haar consistentie en toegankelijkheid. Vervolgens zijn aan de hand van een onderzoek onder contextuele praktijken specifieke richtlijnen en interventies voor therapie ontwikkeld die de toepasbaarheid van de contextuele theorie in contextuele therapie en in sociaal werk verrijken.

La Corte costituzionale ha dichiarato infondata la questione di legittimità costituzionale dell’art. 27, comma 30, l. n. 184/1983, là dove non avrebbe consentito la valutazione in concreto del preminente interesse dell’adottato a mantenere rapporti con i componenti della famiglia di origine. Una volta accertata la sussistenza di un preminente interesse del minore, è il diritto alla continuità del rapporto socio-affettivo instaurato a impedire che venga interrotto il rapporto con coloro che se ne sono presi cura, anche se non fossero in grado di svolgerlo in maniera autonoma. Il commento, pur aderendo alla soluzione finale, si pone in un'ottica di cautela nei confronti del fenomeno, rappresentando l’adozione aperta una risorsa ma anche una incognita di cui non vanno trascurati i limiti e le perplessità

In this transcendental phenomenological study, we interviewed seven adult adoptees regarding their lived experiences of growing up as an adoptee and how this shaped their perception of loss, grief, and counseling in relation to their adoption. Our analysis revealed an overarching concept of the level and manner with which the participants integrated their adoption story into their life narrative and whether loss, grief, and working with a counselor were significant integration factors. As a result, six themes emerged, including ambivalence toward loss and grief, how one's adoption story was impactful, issues with connection, identity curiosity, relational distrust, and involvement with counseling. We discuss these findings and identify implications for counselors working with adoptees.

Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender como se dá a construção do papel parental em casais homoafetivos adotantes, considerando o contexto singular da adoção e suas implicações psicológicas, sociais e legais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, do qual participaram dois adultos que se encontravam em união homoafetiva e que adotaram legalmente uma criança. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com roteiro que abordava questões direcionadoras à investigação do desejo de ter filhos, os trâmites legais da adoção e a transição para a parentalidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática, balizada pela compreensão da questão de pesquisa: a assunção do papel parental. Emergiram os seguintes temas: tomando a decisão de adotar; tecendo narrativas da adoção; aprendendo a exercer os papéis parentais; organizando a rotina doméstica. Os resultados apontam para uma definição mais igualitária de papéis parentais na família homoafetiva. A construção desses papéis, ainda que sofra influência cultural, é uma elaboração criativa da díade conjugal e da família que se constitui. Ficou evidenciado que os papéis parentais tendem a ser incorporados e exercidos de formas peculiares nas famílias homoafetivas constituídas pela via da adoção.

Data was gathered from 16 families and a total of 29 parents (both members of six lesbian couples, one member of two lesbian couples, both members of 3 heterosexual couples, both members of four gay couples, and one member of one gay couple). Participants were selected from a larger pool of adoptive parents participating in a longitudinal study on the transition to adoptive parenthood. Participants were selected for the current sample if they adopted a child from foster care and their child had experienced documented pre-or postnatal abuse or neglect. Further demographic data can be found in Table 1. Procedure Participants completed semi-structured telephone interviews approximately eight years after their child was placed with them. These interviews lasted approximately one hour and were transcribed verbatim. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by ecological systems theory and social constructionism (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Bronfenbrenner, 1986; Burr, 2003). Analysis focused on the following questions: (a) How is parenting going? (Probe: what has been particularly challenging?). (b) In what ways do you think being adopted (from foster care) impacts your child's development? (Probes: do you think any of his/her behaviors, emotional experiences, relationships with you/birth family/peers etc. are connected to his/her early life experiences?). (c) What do you see as your child's main challenges? Can you tell me about any emotional/social, behavioral, cognitive, and physical challenges that your child might have? (d) Do you ever think about genetics and the role they play in your child's life at this point?

would like to thank my colleagues for their support and counsel, our wonderful law librarians for their invaluable research assistance, my Research Assistant Sheena Bosket for her attention to detail, and the wonderful editors at Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal for their patience and skill. 1. Though these bans do not ban all placements, they do categorically ban all permanent placements with gay parents and will therefore be referred to as categorical placement bans in this article. Barbara Woodhouse, Waiting For Loving: The Child's Fundamental Right to Adoption, 34 CAP. U. L REv. 297, 318 (2005) (where she refers to these bans as "categorical bans" according to their categorical exclusion of gay potential adoptive parents). 2. Some of these bans prohibit permanent placement of orphans with gay and lesbian couples and individuals, while other more restrictive bans prohibit both. permanent placements and foster care placements with gay and lesbian couples and individuals. Id. at 25-26. 3. "Special needs children.., suffer disproportionately from categorical barriers to adoption. Remember that special needs children include not only disabled and older children, but also HASTINGS RACE AND POVERTY LAW JOURNAL For many Black orphans the choice is not between placement with a heterosexual parent or a gay or lesbian parent; rather, it is between placement and non-placement. 4 Categorical placement bans are incongruent with the reality that the child welfare system is challenged by an overrepresentation of orphans 5 of color and too few available placements 6 for one of the most vulnerable demographics America's Black orphans. 7 This article assesses the children of color (footnote omitted). These are the 'toughest children to place in adoptive homes' and they 'often wait the longest before being adopted' (footnote omitted)." Woodhouse, supra note 1, at 327. The characteristics of special needs orphans vary from state to state. During 2005, the majority of waiting children in an overwhelming majority of states were characterized as possessing one or more of the special needs characteristics. CHILDREN'S BUREAU,

Objective: To review the body of literature to summarize the existing knowledge about factors that shape gamete donor linking and discuss their implications for clinical care and future research. Recent changes in policy, practice, and technology have made it possible for individuals connected through donor conception-donor-conceived (DC) people, parents, and donors-to find and contact one another. Evidence Review: A bibliographic search of English, French, German, Spanish, and Dutch language peer-reviewed publications was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection. The inclusion criteria were as follows: original empirical research with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods; research participants were DC people, gamete donors, and/or parents interested in searching for people (genetically) related to them through gamete donation; and a substantial part of the article focused on searching for or an interest in contacting donor-related people. The exclusion criteria were as follows: publications other than original peer-reviewed research and publications on known donors and surrogacy. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for quantitative studies. Eligibility assessments, quality assessments, and data extraction were independently performed by 2 teams, with disagreements resolved by discussion. Results: An initial search yielded 4,040 publications, of which 119 articles were full-text screened and 47 studies were included for review. The studies were diverse in design, setting, recruitment methods, data collection, and stakeholder groups. The DC people, parents, and donors of the studies included had an interest in each other; however, their motives, desired information, and/or expectations regarding their interest and/or seeking contact differed. Among the participants in the studies, the interests of the DC people, parents, and donors were intertwined and not necessarily in conflict. Methodological limitations of the included studies were identified. Conclusion: Donor linking occurred in a complex array of several factors: psychosocial, sociodemographic, relational, and environmental variables. Further research is needed to better understand the relative influence of these variables and identify the psychosocial ESSENTIAL POINTS Multiple variables, including sex, family type, family relationships, as well as functioning and external influences, were involved in donor linking. In contrast to being ''merely available'', donors may also have a need to connect with the donor-conceived person and their parents that had not been anticipated. The interests of donor-conceived people, parents, and donors are intertwined and do not necessarily conflict.

Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 712 I. Adoption, Private Adoption Agencies, and the Best Interests of the Child ..... 716 A. Adoption ........................................................................................................ 716 1. Legal Framework and Adoption Procedures ................................... 716 2. Public Adoption, Private Adoption, and Faith-Based Adoption Agencies ............................................................................. 717 3. Adoption by Gays and Lesbians ......................................................... 719 4. Harms of Remaining in the System ................................................... 722 5. Outcomes of Children Raised by Same-Sex Individuals ................ 723 B. The Best Interests of the Child ................................................................... 725 II. State Laws ....................................

Abstract:Adoption law in France and Italy is quite similar, and since the 1990s, these two countries have been among those which adopt the largest numbers of children from abroad. But over a longer timescale, what are the similarities and differences in their adoption practices? This article retraces the history of adoption law and practices in France and Italy since the nineteenth century. While adoption law in the two countries has followed a similar trajectory, the actual numbers of simple adoptions are very different, mainly because far fewer stepfamilies are formed after divorce in Italy than in France. By contrast, the number of full adoptions and the characteristics of the children concerned are similar in both countries. After facing a scarcity of domestic adoptable children, potential adopters have, since 2011, been confronted with a drop in the number of minors available for intercountry adoption. As a consequence, intercountry adoptees in France and Italy tend to be older...

O presente estudo visa compreender as dimensões da parentalidade e do cuidado de crianças e adolescentes, bem como os aspectos que levam a destituir o pátrio poder familiar. Cujo método se deu por uma escolha de uma revisão bibliográfica. Assim abordando alguns pontos específicos como conceito sobre família, parentalidade e cuidado e suas dimensões, os estilos parentais, os serviços e a garantia dos serviços e direitos socioassistenciais da criança e família e aspectos da perca da guarda do menor.Os principais resultados mostraram a ligação que é existente entre o cuidado e o exercício da parentalidade, assim esse cuidado é dividido em físico, psicológico e social, qaunto o exercício da parentalidade, é perceptível diferentes estilos parentais , foi notado que o modelo permissivo vem a gerar impactos negativos relacionado a criança, assim todos esses aspectos que envolvem o cuidado e parentalidade devem assegurar o melhor interesse do menor, tendo em vista que quando esses aspectos são negligenciados, vem a destituir o pátrio poder familiar, na maioria dos casos essa medida se dar por negligencia, abandono, abuso,agressões físicas etc, ou seja qualquer ato que venha violar o direito da criança ou do adolescente,é caracterizada como uma medida grave e que cuja finalidade não é punir os pais mais sim assegurar o menor em sua integridade.

Artikel ini membahas tentang nekrofilia dan gangguan abnormal parafilia, termasuk pengertian, faktor penyebab, jenis-jenis, dan dampaknya. Selain itu, artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi mengenai gangguan psikologis lainnya yang melibatkan perilaku seksual tidak konvensional, serta pentingnya penanganan oleh profesional kesehatan mental yang berpengalaman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, analisis kasus, dan tinjauan literatur untuk mengumpulkan informasi mengenai nekrofilia dan gangguan abnormal parafilia serta dampaknya. Berdasarkan pembahasan dalam artikel ini, tujuan utamanya adalah untuk membahas nekrofilia dan gangguan abnormal parafilia, termasuk pengertian, faktor penyebab, jenis-jenis, dan dampaknya. Selain itu, artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi mengenai gangguan psikologis lainnya yang melibatkan perilaku seksual tidak konvensional, serta pentingnya penanganan oleh profesional kesehatan mental yang berpengalaman. Hasil dari pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai nekrofilia dan gangguan parafilia serta pentingnya penanganan yang tepat oleh profesional kesehatan mental.

Attitudes towards sexual minorities have undergone a transformation in Western countries recently. This has led to an increase in research into the experiences of sexual minorities in a variety of life domains. Although parenthood is a valued life goal only a few small-scale studies have looked into the parenthood goals of individuals in relation to their sexual orientation. The aims of this study are to analyse the diversity of sexual orientation, the factors associated with it and the relationship to fertility intentions among adolescents aged 16 to 19. The study draws on a nationally representative youth survey conducted in 2020 in Estonia (N = 1624), and employs descriptive methods and logistic and linear regression models. The results show that adolescents in Estonia exhibit considerable diversity of sexual orientation, with one-fifth reporting some degree of attraction to their own sex. The minority sexual orientation is more frequent among groups which can be regarded as more open or exposed to new behaviours, but is also associated with a disadvantaged family background. The results reveal a clear negative association between the intended number of children and the minority sexual orientation, which is not explained by other available variables.

Artikel ini membahas tentang nekrofilia dan gangguan abnormal parafilia, termasuk pengertian, faktor penyebab, jenis-jenis, dan dampaknya. Selain itu, artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi mengenai gangguan psikologis lainnya yang melibatkan perilaku seksual tidak konvensional, serta pentingnya penanganan oleh profesional kesehatan mental yang berpengalaman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, analisis kasus, dan tinjauan literatur untuk mengumpulkan informasi mengenai nekrofilia dan gangguan abnormal parafilia serta dampaknya. Berdasarkan pembahasan dalam artikel ini, tujuan utamanya adalah untuk membahas nekrofilia dan gangguan abnormal parafilia, termasuk pengertian, faktor penyebab, jenis-jenis, dan dampaknya. Selain itu, artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi mengenai gangguan psikologis lainnya yang melibatkan perilaku seksual tidak konvensional, serta pentingnya penanganan oleh profesional kesehatan mental yang berpengalaman. Hasil dari pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai nekrofilia dan gangguan parafilia serta pentingnya penanganan yang tepat oleh profesional kesehatan mental.

Both contextual and feminist therapy have not been given the attention they deserve in the field of MFT. We believe that not only do these approaches have undiscovered merit but also, when integrated, they provide a useful framework for conducting therapy that addresses marginalized voices and raises social consciousness. In this article, we "layer" feminist theory onto contextual therapy and argue that the constructs of contextual therapy may relate well to many women's experiences in families. We then illustrate our combined feminist-contextual therapy with two case examples. This integration broadens the scope and sensitivity of contextual therapy to address issues of gender.

Objective: We explored the desire to be a parent, attachment avoidance and their associations in a sample of gay men and lesbians and their heterosexual counterparts. Background: Previous research suggested a link between minority stress and higher attachment avoidance. However, the association between attachment avoidance and parenthood desires as a function of sexual orientation was not studied. Methods: The sample was composed of 883 community-dwelling participants (51.1% women, 30.57% identified as gay men and 14.15% as lesbians) that were recruited through convenience sampling. Results: Gay men and lesbians reported less desire to be parents than their heterosexual counterparts and higher attachment avoidance. However, the association between attachment avoidance and less desire for parenthood was moderated by sexual orientation, such that the correlation between attachment avoidance and lesser desire for parenthood was only found for heterosexual men and women. Conclusion: These findings pinpoint the potential vulnerability of gay men and lesbians to develop greater attachment avoidance and the impact of sexual orientation on the association between attachment avoidance and the desire to be a parent. The moderation effect is discussed in terms of the specific reproductive alternatives available to gay men and lesbians vs. the heterosexual population.

Resumo: Este estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir de pesquisa de mestrado, realizada com o objetivo de compreender a experiência vivida de mulheres de classe média na conjugalidade contemporânea. Para a etapa de coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, com uma pergunta disparadora. Com o objetivo de garantir maior robustez e fidedignidade à etapa de análise dos conteúdos obtidos por meio das entrevistas, foi utilizado o software livre Iramuteq no processamento dos dados, que gerou cinco diferentes classes, posteriormente denominadas e criteriosamente analisadas quantitativa e qualitativamente. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram para as mudanças ocorridas na vida das mulheres após a maternidade e a forma como os cônjuges dividem as atividades domésticas e de cuidados com os filhos. Os resultados evidenciaram também os conflitos e ambivalências entre as exigências estabelecidas socialmente pelos papéis do gênero feminino e as experiências vividas por essas mulheres na conjugalidade contemporânea.

2. See, e.g., New York's tender years presumption, repudiated in State ex rel Watts v. Watts, 77 Misc. 2d 178, 350 N.Y.S. 2d 285 (N.Y. Fain. Ct. 1973). New York law is now sex neutral N.Y. Doam. ReL Law § 240 (McKinney 1983). 3. See, e.g., Alaska's tender years presumption, repudiated in Johnson v. Johnson, 564 P.2d 71 (Alaska 1977). 4. A most recent survey of custody laws lists 38 states which have rejected the presumption, four states which retain the tiebreaker version, and eight states with doubtful or unique laws. Doris Freed & Henry Foster, Divorce in

Contextual therapy focusses on restoring and enhancing relationships, based on its paradigm of relational ethics, presuming a human tendency for reciprocal care. It is precisely in a time of stressed relationships that this focus on strengthening humanity is of great importance. This article presents the first study on the application of this paradigm into concrete interventions of 12 current contextual therapists, answering the question: How do contextual therapists apply the contextual theory and therapy into concrete interventions? Using the Thematic Analysis, 14 therapy sessions were analyzed, revealing a typical working-method and eight characteristic categories of interventions. The findings of this qualitative research reveal a consistent working-method and several recognizable contextual elements. These may contribute to further integrating the paradigm of relational ethics in family therapy and developing a contemporary contextual guideline for therapy. It also provides a conditional step for investigating the efficacy of contextual therapy, for evidence-based research, and for further development of the methodology of contextual therapy.

Relational ethics highlighting the role of ethics, justice, trust, and loyalty in close relationships (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986) is considered as one of the most bountiful yet obscure aspects of contextual family therapy. In this article, a visual diagramming activity integrating relational ethics and genogram work is presented as an assessment and intervention.

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender como se dá a construção do papel parental em casais homoafetivos adotantes, considerando o contexto singular da adoção e suas implicações psicológicas, sociais e legais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, do qual participaram dois adultos que se encontravam em união homoafetiva e que adotaram legalmente uma criança. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com roteiro que abordava questões direcionadoras à investigação do desejo de ter filhos, os trâmites legais da adoção e a transição para a parentalidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática, balizada pela compreensão da questão de pesquisa: a assunção do papel parental. Emergiram os seguintes temas: tomando a decisão de adotar; tecendo narrativas da adoção; aprendendo a exercer os papéis parentais; organizando a rotina doméstica. Os resultados apontam para uma definição mais igualitária de papéis parentais na família homoafetiva. A construção desses papé...

The article reflects the findings of a qualitative sociological study in which in-depth interviews and self-administered questionnaires were employed with gay fathers. The article highlights the realisation of the principles of generative fathering in the parenting practices of the fathers and the manner in which pathological views of gay men, in general, influenced these practices of the fathers. One of the findings underscored this objective by emphasising that sexual orientation played a minimal role in the parenting practices of gay fathers. Factors associated with the gay men's own socialisation, parenting skills and support from their marital or life partners proved to be more influential in terms of their role as parents. Die ouerskapspraktyke van Suid-Afrikaanse gay vaders: van patologie tot 'normalisering' Die artikel bied die bevindinge van 'n kwalitatiewe sosiologiese studie waarin in-diepte onderhoude en self-voltooide vraelyste met gay vaders gebruik is. Die artikel het ten doel om die realisering van die beginsels van generatiewe vaderskap in die ouerskapspraktyke van gay vaders uit te lig en om te fokus op die wyse waarop patologiese sienings van gay mans in die algemeen 'n invloed op die ouerskapspraktyke van gay vaders uitgeoefen het. Faktore soos die gay mans se eie sosialisering, ouerskapsvaardighede en ondersteuning van hul huweliks-of lewensmaats het 'n groter invloed op hul rol as vaders gehad.

Au lendemain des manifestations (18 novembre 2012, 13 janvier 2013) contre le projet de loi ouvrant le mariage et l'adoption aux couples de même sexe, je me suis demandée pourquoi des centaines de milliers de personnes, parfois venus de très loin, étaient descendues dans la rue. En 1984, les manifestants protestaient contre un projet de loi qui risquait de les priver de la liberté de scolariser leurs enfants dans l'école de leur choix. Aujourd'hui, le projet de loi de 2013 ne menace pas personnellement les manifestants. Et pourtant, mobilisés par un argumentaire apocalyptique, ils sont venus exprimer leurs convictions, sauver la société menacée d'extinction, la différence des sexes menacée d'effacement, protéger les enfants d'un mensonge épouvantable, etc.

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Coparenting is a systemic concept that refers to the way parents work together in their roles as parents. This study examined the parents' recognition of the sexuality of their adolescent children with autism and it's relation with the coparenting. Three couples whose adolescent children were diagnosed as having autism participated in this investigation. Adolescents were aged between 15 and 18 years old. Semi-structured interviews were used and analyzed by Content Analyses. The general analysis of the results showed a tendency of families of not recognizing their children´s adolescence, including their sexuality, and that this aspect affected the father´s participation in the "male" situations (e.g. hygiene activities). It was identified a worrying picture in which the mothers were involved with the personal hygiene of their adolescent children and felt uncomfortable about this task. The conclusion is that the comprehension of sexuality in adolescents with autism or with any other special need must be inserted in a wider context about the impact of adolescence on the family as a whole. The existence of autism in family contexts cannot be understood in a deterministic way, once it depends, for instance, on how the family perceives the event, among other factors.