Knowledge building cycle

orthogonal to prevailing perspectives of the semantic web. In many ways, the underpinning of our notion of a public knowledge space is in alignment with the argument developed by Magee in chapters 11 and 12 of this book. Magee suggests it is possible to create a framework for commensurability which 'embraces correspondence, coherentist and consensual notions of truth'. Further, Magee's prominent referencing of the German sociologist and philosopher Jürgen Habermas and Habermas's interest in a 'public sphere' resonate strongly with what we develop in this chapter. It is interesting that we arrive at very similar conclusions but through quite a divergent intellectual pathway.

This paper seeks to expand our focus to understand how communities can assemble and manage knowledge to support more rational decisions regarding government services and actions in the community environment. We focus on the knowledge transfer interface between communities and urban councils, with a view to extending theoretical understanding of such transfers, and the socio-technical knowledge support systems interfacing between action groups and councils. altered approaches through the distinct time periods and a simple juxtaposition of the technological tools available in each period are utilised to enhance the data presentations. The end results are considered and the effect that the technology may have made to the recording and use of the data and it's transmission as data, information or knowledge evaluated, and a suggested model for overall efficiency of knowledge management presented in conclusion.

This paper presents a biological view of knowledge and organizations formulated to provide a framework for understanding organizational knowledge and organizational knowledge management systems. This framework extends ideas based Karl Popper's (1972) epistemology of objective knowledge; Maturana and Varela's (1980, 1987) ideas of autopoiesis as extended to organizations by von ; ideas of organizational evolution; John OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act) loop concept of the cybernetics of adaptation; and Ian Coombe's (1994Coombe's ( -1999) ) definitions of knowledge-related terms.

The dynamic interactions of very large living systems in which we find ourselves existing and engaging with, can, at the very least be difficult to navigate, or at worst, dictate disastrous directions (Garduno et al. 2013). There have been various descriptions that are based more on perceptions that influence and stress different areas of sustainable development and sustainability. The Brundtland Report discussed the 'inequality is the planet's main "environ-mental" problem' (WCED 1987, p 6), linking poverty and pollution, social justice with unsustainability. It did however; link these issues, even though there was a focus on the symptoms rather than the cause' (Asghar 2001). However, more recently it has been possible to view these issues as living systems, that are in themselves, adaptive complex systems, with many multiple components and properties (Nousala et al 2012: Nousala and Hall 2008: Hall et al 2010). Asghar (2001) discusses a broader perspective, by referring to the Brundtland Report (WCED 1987, p3) and the futility of focusing or dealing with the environmental problems without viewing these issues through a wider lens, to encompass the factors that underpin world poverty and international inequality. These perceptions have also been challenged by increased understanding of richer based contexts, supported by multidisciplinary processes of all kinds, not least of all, the expansion of educational platforms of exchange, that rely on action based research, but also statistical data base analysis. This paper discusses the concepts of sustainability, community engagement, methodological approaches (through a social complex adaptive systems lens) and educational experiences based an educational pilot project, namely Aalto LAB Mexico (ALM). This experimental case study was based on previous research, current literature and fieldwork engagement with specific rural communities in Mexico (Garduno et al. 2013).

This paper addresses the need for reexamining the cognitive perspective on the role of language in social research. From the autopoietic perspective, language is not a tool to reveal an objective world; rather language is a venue for action, coupling the cognitive domains of two or more agents. Responsible research enquiry would seek to create systemic communication practices that allow the coexistence of differing understandings within. Creating a dialogue for exploring and emerging meaning is essential in developing understanding and validating the research results.

The 'lifeworld' is everyday lived experience. The 'transcendental' of academic and scholarly knowledge stands in contradistinction to the commonsense knowing of the lifeworld, which by comparison is relatively unconscious and un-reflexive (Cope and Kalantzis, Chapter 5, 'Books and journal articles'). for commensurability which 'embraces correspondence, coherentist and consensual notions of truth'. Further, Magee's prominent referencing of the German sociologist and philosopher Jürgen Habermas and Habermas's interest in a 'public sphere' resonate strongly with what we develop in this chapter. It is interesting that we arrive at very similar conclusions but through quite a divergent intellectual pathway. 157 Textual representations and knowledge support-systems in research intensive networks

If knowledge management is to be more than an art, it needs to be based on a sound epistemology and understanding of organizations. We present a paradigm and an ontology of organizational knowledge based on Karl Popper's 1972 and later works on evolutionary epistemology, Maturana and Varela's concept of living things as self-producing complex systems ("autopoiesis"), and theories of hierarchically complex systems. This approach to ontology development leads us to conclude that organizations can become living systems and thus have emergent properties of a higher order than the sum of the parts. We develop this theoretical argument by providing examples of how several different types of knowledge created by people within organizations emerge and change through time. We suggest the social processes of creating these different types of knowledge gives rise to meta-levels of organization that act to maintain the existence and coherence of organizations. We think that our ontology improves the basis for understanding the nature of knowledge that is important for proper organizational functioning. We draw out recommendations about the management of transformations between personal and organizational knowledge. We propose this biological understanding of knowledge in organizations because as practitioners, we think it provides a way of interpreting the dynamics of what actually happens in the realm of managing organizational knowledge. Thus, we lay a foundation for better understanding the considerable challenges associated with developing a practical approach to organizational knowledge management as a result.

The 'lifeworld' is everyday lived experience. The 'transcendental' of academic and scholarly knowledge stands in contradistinction to the commonsense knowing of the lifeworld, which by comparison is relatively unconscious and un-reflexive (Cope and Kalantzis, Chapter 5, 'Books and journal articles'). for commensurability which 'embraces correspondence, coherentist and consensual notions of truth'. Further, Magee's prominent referencing of the German sociologist and philosopher Jürgen Habermas and Habermas's interest in a 'public sphere' resonate strongly with what we develop in this chapter. It is interesting that we arrive at very similar conclusions but through quite a divergent intellectual pathway. 157 Textual representations and knowledge support-systems in research intensive networks

Up to now, systems theory is still a fundamental means that provides us with explanations about organizational interaction. The purpose of this paper is to develop a systemic framework that assists students of organizations concerning organizational interactions to assign an appropriate theoretical perspective and analytical level that help achieving their research objectives. Our methodology to portray such a guiding framework builds upon adapting Scott's (2003) typology of organization theories. This is to classify traditional organization studies into distinctive systems perspectives according to their view of organizational interaction. We then use Blau's (1957) typology of analytical levels to demonstrate how organization studies focus on different system levels as they analyze organizational interactions. Through combining systems perspectives with levels of analysis, we draw our results about organizational interactions. We found that organization studies adopting close rational and natural systems perspectives employ social psychological or structural analysis. This is to demonstrate interactions among individual participants or organizational work groups as they accomplish organizational goals. Otherwise, studies that are drawn upon open rational and natural perspectives employ social psychological, structural and ecological analysis. This is to reveal inter-personal, inter-groups or inter-organizational interactions as they cope with changes in organizational environment.

This book is a collection of papers centering on the application of the paradigm of natural selection to theories of epistemology, rationality, and the growth of knowledge. The book presents some current work on this theme which has been presented at a series of conferences from 1982 through 1985, along with seminal articles in this literature by Karl Popper, W.W. Bartley, and Donald Campbell. Its stated purpose is to be 'an example of the continuing attempt to attain a theory of knowledge and a theory of rationality that are in basic harmony' (p. 3). Although many of the articles deal with topics which may seem to be of interest only to professional philosophers, the idea of applying the natural selection paradigm to theories of rationality is one which ought to intrigue economists. This is especially true if, as some of the authors try to argue, the theory has important implications for any maximizing theory of rationality. The book divides into three parts: Part I entitled 'Evolutionary Epistemology' explores the paradigm of natural selection applied to the theory of knowledge; Part II entitled 'Theory of Rationality and Problems of Self-Reference' explores Bartley's theory of 'Pancritical Rationalism' (PCR) and the semantic paradox to which it allegedly gives rise; and Part III entitled 'Rationality and the Sociology of Knowledge' consists of three loosely related essays which criticize some aspect or other of the sociology of knowledge, and one which criticizes the Marxian notion of alienation. Part I is probably of widest interest for readers of this journal, so I begin by pointing out the relevance of these essays and making a few critical remarks about the project they represent. Evolutionary epistemology (EE) applies evolutionary theory, specifically Darwin's theory of natural selection, to the theory of knowledge in order to provide a non-justificational account of knowledge and rationality. The theory holds that knowledge is but an approximation to the truth, and that it is embodied in theories which are in a constant state of revision through what Popper called (in discussing the rationality of science) the method of 0167-2681/89/53.50

This paper sets its problematic by asking a questions about the nature of knowledge in the knowledge management body of literature. The paper's method is a critical review and conceptual analysis, or semiotic inquiry for discourse analysis, of the literature of knowledge management. The paper assumes that the world of knowledge management consists of three ontological perspectives. In this paper, these ontological perspectives are the psychological, the social, and the cultural. Theses perspectives shape the use of the term "knowledge' and "explicit knowledge" and an understanding of the conception of knowledge, in particular explicit knowledge, and the knowns, or knowledge objects.

Knowledge management is an important function in any large organization. In this paper, a conceptual model of knowledge management in the large organization will be developed. The organic-like mechanics of knowledge management and a mathematical means of quantifying the model will be discussed. Personal experience from a large organization will be used to provide context for the model.

Organization studies have recently had plentiful new approaches and paradigms, such as the autopoiesis theory. Maturana and Varela developed the theory of autopoiesis -a biological theory of autopoietic systems -in order to explain the particular nature of living in the physical domain. Their main contribution has been to provide a concise specification of the defining characteristics of living systems, including humans. Several authors, especially the sociologist Luhmann, have tried to extend such theory to social systems, including organizations. Social systems are systems that are based on the interactions of living systems. The question therefore arises if organizations are also autopoietic systems. In this paper, this question and the relevance of the autopoiesis theory are discussed for understanding organizational changes and self-maintenance, from a biological point of view. Supported by the autopoiesis theory, organizations can be interpreted as networks of interactions, processes and rules of coordination.

This paper seeks to expand our focus to understand how communities can assemble and manage knowledge to support more rational decisions regarding government services and actions in the community environment. We focus on the knowledge transfer interface between communities and urban councils, with a view to extending theoretical understanding of such transfers, and the socio-technical knowledge support systems interfacing between action groups and councils. Utilizing theory from several previous domains we discuss how science does not exist in a vacuum. It is surrounded by philosophy, theology (although not always popular to recognise today) and art as a beginning. These diverse areas have undergone parallel developments and as they do so the tools and techniques to investigate and explore these areas have also progressed in parallel. Following the movement of the modern western world this paper utilizes a broad comparison using science, branches of mathematics, philosophy and art, w...

Interaction is the latest currency in architecture, as responsive components are now reacting to the inhabitant of the space. These components are designed and installed by the architect with a view to the phenomenology of space, where the experience of the environment is previewed and pre-constructed before it is translated into the conception of the space. However, this traditional approach to new technology leaves no scope for the architecture to be alive in and of itself, and thus the installed piece quickly becomes just that?an installation: isolated and uncontained by its environment. In this paper, we argue that a way to approach a responsive architecture is to design for a piece that is truly living, and in order to propose a living architecture first we need to understand what the architecture of a living system is. This paper suggests a conceptual framework based on the theory of Autopoiesis in order to create a ?self-producing? system through an experiment entitled, ?The ...

Einstein (Einstein et al 1930) considered that to understand the cause’s one level of description is insufficient. Systemism being holism and individualism (Bunde 1996) makes system science to be at the same line. Paritsis and Stewart (1983) regarding the brain, namely that for the description of the brain processes concluded

Knowledge management is an important function in any large organization. In this paper, a conceptual model of knowledge management in the large organization will be developed. The organic-like mechanics of knowledge management and a mathematical means of quantifying the model will be discussed. Personal experience from a large organization will be used to provide context for the model.

Contemporary web-based technologies have enabled torrents of information to arrive at our doorstep. Much of this information documents the here and now and most of it disappears leaving little trace. It services our need for news and may help people feel connected to the world in which they live. This knowledge of the present also synchronizes communities and creates webs of relationships critical for functional and operational effectiveness. However, it is argued, that this synchronic mapping is not sufficient to enable communities to work effectively through time. In addition to the present, communities need knowledge of their past - a diachronic mapping of what went before. These mappings provide contextual frameworks against which current and past events can be understood. They provide places where meanings can be explored and reasons discovered. Whether it is managing radioactive waste or dealing with the consequences of out-of-home care, communities need access to resilient an...

In this paper, we discuss the idea of resilient knowledge and how the concept of knowledge-based development might be conceived as scientific discipline, and on what basis. Discussion is presented in two sections. In the first section we explore the idea of the epistemic loss of knowledge. We suggest this type of knowledge loss occurs where there is inadequate preservation of the knowledge necessary to explain the context, structure and meaning of information through time. We provide a brief overview of an emergent approach that could address this problem – an approach called contextual information management. In the second section, we document examples of how this new approach might be harnessed to create a framework for a (national) regulatory knowledge system. We draw upon one particular case study: the conception of quality standards within the Victorian Community Sector. By extrapolation, we suggest these ideas could well have wider applications – for example, the harmonisation...

Certain ontology and epistemology perspectives are most relevant to human systems' enquiry. These are derived from a synergy of insights from theories of autopoiesis, interpersonal neurobiology and complexity. Ontology has implications for our comprehension of the nature of human systems: 1/ Human systems are embodied and situated, exhibiting selforganising and emergent properties; 2/ Human experience is personal but not private, it is born in the interactions with the environment, and is validated by the human structure; 3/ Changes in human structure are necessarily subservient to conservation of autopoiesis, i.e. self-production and maintaining life. The epistemological implications deem ontology and epistemology as mutually informative in human enquiry; the thrust of this article. Our knowledge is limited by our capabilities of awareness. The quality of perception interlinks with cultivating awareness and intentionality for maintaining wellbeing, i.e. sustaining life-enhancing conditions. The concept of 'wellbeing informatics' is used to outline a tangible approach to evaluating wellbeing.

For many years three key aspects of creative processes have been glossed over by theorists eager to avoid the mystery of consciousness and instead embrace an implicitly more formal, computational vision: autonomy, phenomenality and the temporally embedded and bounded nature of creative processes. In this paper we will discuss autopoiesis and creativity; an alternative metaphor which we suggest offers new insight into these long overlooked aspects of the creative processes in humans and the machine, and examine the metaphor in the context of dance choreography.

Thank you to Henry Sanoff, who cultivated my interest in design as something that is done with people and not to people, and for remaining my teacher for over twenty years. Brian Ferguson and Michael Yaros-thank you for sharing your knowledge and for your ongoing support and grounding while I have been in school. To the partners at CLW, thank for the support in work opportunities and resources. Alexander Ratensky and Fredrick Steier made it possible for me to pursue what I am interested in at all, starting before I was a student. The ongoing professional assistance of Ardis Hanson has given me access to a wealth of scholarly work I would never have found on my own. Pat Pekovski, and Mary Hayward, you have made it possible for me to navigate the bureaucracy of this university and not be beaten by it. My other source of support has been through and in the Environmental Design Research Association. In this organization, I have found a group of people with similar interests willing to accept a novice, to support the progress of my ideas, while challenging me to think ever more clearly. Thank you, Daniel Mittleman for your critical challenge and support. Special thanks to Phyl Smith for her work and her time I have learned much from both. Janice Barnes, you played an essential role as a sounding board to jump-start my thesis when I was stuck in my own ideas, thank you. Janetta McCoy, thank you for the clear and essential input you provided, to the student on the other side of the country.

This paper seeks to expand our focus to understand how communities can assemble and manage knowledge to support more rational decisions regarding government services and actions in the community environment. We focus on the knowledge transfer interface between communities and urban councils, with a view to extending theoretical understanding of such transfers, and the socio-technical knowledge support systems interfacing between action groups and councils.

Urban bureaucrats are often overburdened, with limited time and little genuine knowledge relating to decisions they must make within their briefs that impact community members. Consequently, bureaucrats often work at what Herbert Simon called the bounds of their rationality. Community groups concerned with particular issues may emerge that have issue-related local knowledge; and probably also the time and effort to share and assemble such knowledge into practical and informative group proposals. This chapter considers knowledge-based roles and dynamics of community groups, looks at revolutionary socio-technical capabilities able to support and extend group aims effectiveness, and presents a template based on social computing technologies to demonstrate how the technology can be deployed. Properly used, the tools can connect bureaucrats with the power to decide and act with the local knowledge and motivation to make rational decisions about allocation of resources, etc. to deal with ...

Certain ontology and epistemology perspectives are most relevant to human systems' enquiry. These are derived from a synergy of insights from theories of autopoiesis, interpersonal neurobiology and complexity. Ontology has implications for our comprehension of the nature of human systems: 1/ Human systems are embodied and situated, exhibiting selforganising and emergent properties; 2/ Human experience is personal but not private, it is born in the interactions with the environment, and is validated by the human structure; 3/ Changes in human structure are necessarily subservient to conservation of autopoiesis, i.e. self-production and maintaining life. The epistemological implications deem ontology and epistemology as mutually informative in human enquiry; the thrust of this article. Our knowledge is limited by our capabilities of awareness. The quality of perception interlinks with cultivating awareness and intentionality for maintaining wellbeing, i.e. sustaining life-enhancing conditions. The concept of 'wellbeing informatics' is used to outline a tangible approach to evaluating wellbeing.

In this paper, I present an epistemological theory of sustainability, according to which sustainability in the conduct of human affairs is linked to the content of learning-related (or innovation) policies or rules in human social systems. I claim that in order for a human population to be sustainable, it must have two things: (1) unfettered knowledge of its impact on the world, and (2) an uninhibited capacity to learn or adapt in response. I propose a policy model for achieving these conditions.

If knowledge management is to be more than an art, it needs to be based on a sound epistemology and understanding of organizations. We present a paradigm and an ontology of organizational knowledge based on Karl Popper's 1972 and later works on evolutionary epistemology, Maturana and Varela's concept of living things as self-producing complex systems ("autopoiesis"), and theories of hierarchically complex systems. This approach to ontology development leads us to conclude that organizations can become living systems and thus have emergent properties of a higher order than the sum of the parts. We develop this theoretical argument by providing examples of how several different types of knowledge created by people within organizations emerge and change through time. We suggest the social processes of creating these different types of knowledge gives rise to meta-levels of organization that act to maintain the existence and coherence of organizations. We think that our ontology improves the basis for understanding the nature of knowledge that is important for proper organizational functioning. We draw out recommendations about the management of transformations between personal and organizational knowledge. We propose this biological understanding of knowledge in organizations because as practitioners, we think it provides a way of interpreting the dynamics of what actually happens in the realm of managing organizational knowledge. Thus, we lay a foundation for better understanding the considerable challenges associated with developing a practical approach to organizational knowledge management as a result.

Scientific and technical knowledge of the world grows through individual processes of speculation, making and documenting knowledge claims, the social processes of circulating and testing them, and the cyclic iteration of these processes to incrementally build on what is already known. Formal publication of claims in journals has been critical to circulating and critiquing new knowledge claims. Editorial peer review supposedly justifies the costs of the publishing activities surrounding it. Yet publishing costs, largely paid by libraries, have become unsustainable. Also, the costs discourage many from publishing and limit access of others to what is published. Today's editorial peer review results from the exponential growth and specialization of the sciences in the second half of the 20 th Century, but offers little genuine epistemic value. It may actually thwart the advancement of innovative and revolutionary research. Following Popperian evolutionary epistemology, we consider the social and epistemological dynamics of editorial peer review. We also note that that the ever increasing sophistication of digital technologies extending our cognitive capacities provides a pathway to very substantially reduce the cost of publishing whilst at the same time increasing the transparency and value of genuine peer review.

Certain ontology and epistemology perspectives are most relevant to human systems' enquiry. These are derived from a synergy of insights from theories of autopoiesis, interpersonal neurobiology and complexity. Ontology has implications for our comprehension of the nature of human systems: 1/ Human systems are embodied and situated, exhibiting selforganising and emergent properties; 2/ Human experience is personal but not private, it is born in the interactions with the environment, and is validated by the human structure; 3/ Changes in human structure are necessarily subservient to conservation of autopoiesis, i.e. self-production and maintaining life. The epistemological implications deem ontology and epistemology as mutually informative in human enquiry; the thrust of this article. Our knowledge is limited by our capabilities of awareness. The quality of perception interlinks with cultivating awareness and intentionality for maintaining wellbeing, i.e. sustaining life-enhancing conditions. The concept of 'wellbeing informatics' is used to outline a tangible approach to evaluating wellbeing.

Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 79 pages. Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. ABSTRACT: This thesis takes a phenomenological approach to the examination of the organizational need for shared office space. Questions are developed in a reflexive narrative that introduces challenges to the assumption that space is a given in organizations. The narrative also uses the process of questioning this basis assumption to develop a new understanding of the role of space in organizations in supporting the development of common language needed for the creation of organizational knowledge. Key ideas from systems theory, autopoiesis, organizational theory, semiotics, and psychology are utilized as resources developing the ideas. System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This paper will examine specific elements of knowledge transfer methods that SMEs themselves need to become aware of, identify with in their organizations and actively encourage. The understanding, identification and facilitation of knowledge network transfers create the basis for sustainable organizational knowledge structures. SMEs are not a cohesive group and can be particularly economically vulnerable, making it difficult for policy makers and educators to target and actively support this group. Successful SME programs with regards to education and training have been top down approaches, with inconsistent results. The break from the traditional top down approach can enhance an all elements of an industry sector by beginning to empower and train SMEs to build their own sustainable knowledge networks. Enhancement of an entire supply chain begins with the SME as an individual element.

This paper provides an evaluation of the literature pertaining to the autopoietic, connectionist, and cognitivist epistemological paradigms. These paradigms exist at the individual and organisational level through diametrically opposed functionalist versus interpretive and integrative sociotechnical knowledge management perspectives. The alignments of individual and organisational epistemologies are essential to the effectiveness of a knowledge management system. Knowledge management should consider the roots of knowledge theoretically in order to share or manage knowledge dissemination successfully in organisations. The term 'knowledge sharing' has been emphasised and discussed comprehensively through its epistemological influential factors. This paper concludes the development of a Knowledge Management Epistemological Synthesis Model (KM-ES Model) and a comprehensive discussion and conclusion section focussing on the implications of epistemological influences on the knowledge management system of an organisation. The results from this study provide both researchers and academicians with a clear understanding of the interplay between epistemologies and a foundation for establishing an effective organisational knowledge management system.

The 'lifeworld' is everyday lived experience. The 'transcendental' of academic and scholarly knowledge stands in contradistinction to the commonsense knowing of the lifeworld, which by comparison is relatively unconscious and un-reflexive (Cope and Kalantzis, Chapter 5, 'Books and journal articles'). for commensurability which 'embraces correspondence, coherentist and consensual notions of truth'. Further, Magee's prominent referencing of the German sociologist and philosopher Jürgen Habermas and Habermas's interest in a 'public sphere' resonate strongly with what we develop in this chapter. It is interesting that we arrive at very similar conclusions but through quite a divergent intellectual pathway. 157 Textual representations and knowledge support-systems in research intensive networks

Department: Honorary Research Fellow eScholarship Research Centre University of Melbourne, Level 2: Thomas Cherry Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Project Lessons – Strategic Solutions; E-mail: lessons@netspace.net.au

The management of Complexity has grown to become the primary challenge in the deployment and maintenance of data storage in organizations of every variety and scale. At the same time, both the quantity and criticality of information continues to accelerate, driven by the progressive digitization of all facets of organizational context, commercial transaction flows, the delivery of office, audio, video, image, mapping & scientific data, and their associated workflow management. The response by the data storage industry has been to add professional services to relieve customers of the burden of learning how to deploy and manage their storage systems; to introduce virtualization products in an attempt to encapsulate the management of multiple hardware and software elements under a single control and reporting interface; and to pursue the standardization of interfaces to manage these elements. Unfortunately, these approaches are palliatives which mask rather than relieve the underlying ...

This paper seeks to expand our focus to understand how communities can assemble and manage knowledge to support more rational decisions regarding government services and actions in the community environment. We focus on the knowledge transfer interface between communities and urban councils, with a view to extending theoretical understanding of such transfers, and the socio-technical knowledge support systems interfacing between action groups and councils.

This paper will show that the Autopoietic theory does not change the long-run goals and objectives of the strategic plan.  The Autopoietic theory, when applied to SM provides efficiency in maintaining the competitive advantage, which, is the loosely defined theory of strategic management, according to Shekhar (2009).  Secondly, this paper will show that it is the use of organizational learning as argued by Mintzberg (1993); Witcher and Chau (2012) that allows for the Autopoietic theory to function — providing learned parameters and variables that are
required to apply automatic or programmatic corrective functions.

Purpose -The objective of this paper is to explore the linkages between notions of 'resilient knowledge', 'knowledge based development' and what we term 'regulatory knowledge systems'. We claim that building resilient knowledge systems will prove to be critical for the future sustainability of modern day cities. The quality of modern city life is now very dependent upon the use and integration of sophisticated technologies, human service networks and physical infrastructure systems. But such networks and systems require that a knowledge society keeps re-equipping itself so that each generation can manage these assets on a cost effective and sustainable basis. The continued equipping of future generations to manage current and emerging assets, including physical and information assets is what we mean by resilient knowledge systems. Failure to build such systems will see the erosion of the quality of our collective assets in modern day cities. This task, we think, represents an extraordinarily large conceptual and practical challenge -and we argue, requires conceiving new national architectures associated with current regulatory frameworks. Design/methodology/approach -We progress our investigation as to the nature of resilient knowledge and knowledge based development as an emerging scientific discipline, in two separate sections. In the first section, we explore the idea of the epistemic loss of knowledge. We suggest this type of knowledge loss occurs where there is inadequate preservation of the knowledge necessary to explain the context, structure and meaning of information through time. We suggest this is a serious problem for those that have responsibility for the on-going management of our modern day cities, because inadequate attention is paid to supporting effective knowledge exchange across the generations. We provide a brief overview of an emergent approach that could address this problem -an approach called contextual information management. In the second section, we document examples of how this new approach might be harnessed to create a framework for a (national) regulatory knowledge system. We draw upon one particular case study: the conception of quality standards within the Victorian Community Sector. Originality/value -We claim that the originality and value of our proposal is that we show how to turn the problem of epistemic knowledge loss on its head. We are interested in how the dynamics of knowledge acquisition can emerge through different type of regulatory network systems that allow Government, citizens and other relevant stakeholders to collaborate in new frameworks of engagement. But to achieve new models of engagement, we think philosophical issues associated with conceptions of knowledge acquisition need to be considered. By extension, therefore, we suggest the focus of regulatory interventions should not be on compliance per se, but on creating a shared context between Government, stakeholders and citizens to support the dynamics of problem solving, knowledge acquisition and what we call evolutionary possibility. We suggest that the approach we outline will be important if effective and sustainable intergenerational knowledge exchange is to be successfully achieved through time. Practical implications -The outcomes of such an approach involves the creation of resilient knowledge systems. Such systems allow for the continued evolution of knowledge associated with, in principle, any aspect of city life -for example, activities associated with health and community services, infrastructure and waste management services, sustainable procurement from agricultural hinterlands and even regulatory pathways to transition towards a post carbon economy. It is no coincidence that the application of contextual information management practices could do much to allow for the emergence of harmonised knowledge systems for example across State and Commonwealth areas of jurisdiction. In this way, this could avoid the turf warfare of top 495 down (political) and bottom up (grass roots) approaches to national reform and regulation. Crucial to the successful achievement of these challenges will be how regulatory knowledge systems are designed to support effective cycling between tacit and explicit forms of knowledge representations, which we discuss in some detail. We conclude here that the emergent social systems within which tacit -explicit knowledge cycling will be required could spawn the emergence of radically distributed knowledge systems. We refer to these systems as public knowledge spaces. Such models might well be considered radical for now. However, Martin Luther's spawning of the European centric reformation occurred less than 100 years after the invention of Gutenberg's printing press. This provides an example of the sorts of radical changes that can be unleashed through new technologies. We are really only about 30 years into the global journey associated with the rise of digital technologies and have only just begun to experience the disruptive effect on all types of social systems across the world. This paper should be considered from within this larger historical context.

This paper will examine the development of sustainable SME methods for tracking tacit (informal) knowledge transfer as a series of networks of larger complex system. Understanding sustainable systems begins with valuing tacit knowledge networks and their ability to produce connections on multiple levels. The behaviour of the social or socio-technical aspects of a system in relation to the explicit formal/physical structures need to be understood and actively considered when utilizing methodologies for interacting within complex systems structures.This paper utilizes theory from several previous studies to underpin the key case study discussed. This approach involved examining the behavioural phenomena of an SME knowledge network. The knowledge network elements were highlighted to identify their value within an SME structure. To understand the value of these emergent elements from between tacit and explicit knowledge networks, is to actively, simultaneously and continuous support sus...

This paper seeks to expand our focus to understand how communities can assemble and manage knowledge to support more rational decisions regarding government services and actions in the community environment. We focus on the knowledge transfer interface between communities and urban councils, with a view to extending theoretical understanding of such transfers, and the socio-technical knowledge support systems interfacing between action groups and councils.

This book is a collection of papers centering on the application of the paradigm of natural selection to theories of epistemology, rationality, and the growth of knowledge. The book presents some current work on this theme which has been presented at a series of conferences from 1982 through 1985, along with seminal articles in this literature by Karl Popper, W.W. Bartley, and Donald Campbell. Its stated purpose is to be 'an example of the continuing attempt to attain a theory of knowledge and a theory of rationality that are in basic harmony' (p. 3). Although many of the articles deal with topics which may seem to be of interest only to professional philosophers, the idea of applying the natural selection paradigm to theories of rationality is one which ought to intrigue economists. This is especially true if, as some of the authors try to argue, the theory has important implications for any maximizing theory of rationality.