Karstic estuary

Furlani S. et al., New archaeological and geomorphological markers along the Istrian coasts (Croatia) and their relations with relative sea level changes. (IT ISSN 0349-3356, 2011) New data on archeological remains and coastal morphologies have been used to refine published data on the Late-Holocene relative sea-level change along the Northeastern Ardriatic coasts. Data have been compared with predicted curves, in order to detail the tectonic evolution of the studied area. RIASSUNTO: Furlani S. et al., Segnalazione di nuovi indicatori archeologici e geomorfologici lungo la costa istriana (Croazia) e correlazione con le variazioni relative di livello marino. (IT ISSN 0349-3356, 2011) Le variazioni di livello marino tardo-oloceniche lungo le coste nordorientali dell'Adriatico sono state dedotte da una serie di nuove misure effettuate su indicatori archeologici e geomorfologici sommersi. I dati raccolti sono stati comparati con le curve predette di risalita del livello del mare.

Sedimentological, macro-and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution. The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth. The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant proportions of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the overlying sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb). Sediments originating in hyposaline marshes (facies Ba) had the lowest foraminiferal species diversity index (A. beccarii predominated over Trochammina inflata and Haynesina sp.). Since late-Antiquity a significant input of alluvial matter led to the deposition of several metres of silty clay sediments which reach >9m thick in the M3 core. The sediment supply has been partly increased by deforestation carried out in the Mirna catchment area. This was particularly extensive from the 15 th-19 th centuries and fed the fluvial system with large amounts of material, causing the increase of sediment input and rapid progradation of the estuarine (bay-head) delta. This study also highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and anthropogenic activities that occurred during the Holocene.

Sedimentological, macro-and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution. The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth. The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant proportions of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the overlying sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb). Sediments originating in hyposaline marshes (facies Ba) had the lowest foraminiferal species diversity index (A. beccarii predominated over Trochammina inflata and Haynesina sp.). Since late-Antiquity a significant input of alluvial matter led to the deposition of several metres of silty clay sediments which reach >9m thick in the M3 core. The sediment supply has been partly increased by deforestation carried out in the Mirna catchment area. This was particularly extensive from the 15 th-19 th centuries and fed the fluvial system with large amounts of material, causing the increase of sediment input and rapid progradation of the estuarine (bay-head) delta. This study also highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and anthropogenic activities that occurred during the Holocene.

Purpose This work highlights the sedimentary characteristics and the role of submarine sulfur-rich karstic springs in the distribution of benthic foraminifera in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea (Bay of Koper). Little is known about how local conditions such as temperature and sulfur bursts may influence sediment properties, benthic habitat variability, and composition of foraminiferal assemblages. Here we compare the distribution of total and living benthic assemblages in surface sediment samples collected from a funnel-shaped depression created by submarine sulfur springs. Materials and methods Sampling was performed at water depths between 24.6 and 32.2 m in fine-grained sandy silt to silty sand (partially washed). Sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses of the sediment were carried out and the distribution of benthic foraminifera living around the springs was studied. Results and discussion In general, sediment characteristics (i.e., mineralogical, geochem...

Purpose This work highlights the sedimentary characteristics and the role of submarine sulfur-rich karstic springs in the distribution of benthic foraminifera in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea (Bay of Koper). Little is known about how local conditions such as temperature and sulfur bursts may influence sediment properties, benthic habitat variability, and composition of foraminiferal assemblages. Here we compare the distribution of total and living benthic assemblages in surface sediment samples collected from a funnel-shaped depression created by submarine sulfur springs. Materials and methods Sampling was performed at water depths between 24.6 and 32.2 m in fine-grained sandy silt to silty sand (partially washed). Sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses of the sediment were carried out and the distribution of benthic foraminifera living around the springs was studied. Results and discussion In general, sediment characteristics (i.e., mineralogical, geochem...

Sedimentological, macro-and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution. The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth. The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant proportions of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the overlying sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb). Sediments originating in hyposaline marshes (facies Ba) had the lowest foraminiferal species diversity index (A. beccarii predominated over Trochammina inflata and Haynesina sp.). Since late-Antiquity a significant input of alluvial matter led to the deposition of several metres of silty clay sediments which reach >9m thick in the M3 core. The sediment supply has been partly increased by deforestation carried out in the Mirna catchment area. This was particularly extensive from the 15 th-19 th centuries and fed the fluvial system with large amounts of material, causing the increase of sediment input and rapid progradation of the estuarine (bay-head) delta. This study also highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and anthropogenic activities that occurred during the Holocene.

The aim of this research is to prove that the soil materials from flysch deposits, which are locally available on the Istrian peninsula at low cost, can be used as the components of the liner layers in municipal landfills. The resumption of the previous project (1995-1998) yielded new laboratory test results presented in the paper. On a particular site on the Istrian peninsula the samples of marly material were collected and tested in the laboratory. The samples were compacted using the standard Proctor energy at the optimal water content. Permeability tests were performed in Rowe & Barden hydraulic oedometer cell. The results prove that tested compacted marly material can achieve permeability less than 110-7 cm/s.

Sedimentological, macro-and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution. The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth. The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant proportions of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the overlying sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb). Sediments originating in hyposaline marshes (facies Ba) had the lowest foraminiferal species diversity index (A. beccarii predominated over Trochammina inflata and Haynesina sp.). Since late-Antiquity a significant input of alluvial matter led to the deposition of several metres of silty clay sediments which reach >9m thick in the M3 core. The sediment supply has been partly increased by deforestation carried out in the Mirna catchment area. This was particularly extensive from the 15 th-19 th centuries and fed the fluvial system with large amounts of material, causing the increase of sediment input and rapid progradation of the estuarine (bay-head) delta. This study also highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and anthropogenic activities that occurred during the Holocene.

V članku prestavimo nove topografske in morfološke izsledke ter fizikalno-kemične parametre izmerjene na izbrani � obal-ni � grajki � severoza�odne obale Istre med Savudrijo in Zambratijo. Raziskave smo omejili na šest profilov s štirimi do petimi plimskimi bazeni. V vse � profili � smo določili tri tipične morfološke cone, kateri � značilnosti so tesno pove-zane z lokalnim plimovanjem. Višji bazeni so izpostavljeni za-krasevanju, zato so v nji � oblike bolj gladke, v nji�ovem dnu pa prevladujejo sedimenti s kopnega, predvsem terra rossa. V smeri morja opazimo vse večji vpliv biokorozije. Ob vznožju grajkov najdemo peske in prodnike. Kemični parametri kažejo, da so nižje ležeči grajki izpostavljeni predvsem delovanju mor-ske vode, medtem ko višje ležeče oblikuje predvsem deževnica. Razvoj obalni � grajkov je povezan z nezveznostmi, ki so po-sledica lokalni � tektonski � deformacij. Ključne besede: obalni kras, za�odna Istra, obalni grajki, plimski bazeni, apnenec.

V članku prestavimo nove topografske in morfološke izsledke ter fizikalno-kemične parametre izmerjene na izbrani � obal-ni � grajki � severoza�odne obale Istre med Savudrijo in Zambratijo. Raziskave smo omejili na šest profilov s štirimi do petimi plimskimi bazeni. V vse � profili � smo določili tri tipične morfološke cone, kateri � značilnosti so tesno pove-zane z lokalnim plimovanjem. Višji bazeni so izpostavljeni za-krasevanju, zato so v nji � oblike bolj gladke, v nji�ovem dnu pa prevladujejo sedimenti s kopnega, predvsem terra rossa. V smeri morja opazimo vse večji vpliv biokorozije. Ob vznožju grajkov najdemo peske in prodnike. Kemični parametri kažejo, da so nižje ležeči grajki izpostavljeni predvsem delovanju mor-ske vode, medtem ko višje ležeče oblikuje predvsem deževnica. Razvoj obalni � grajkov je povezan z nezveznostmi, ki so po-sledica lokalni � tektonski � deformacij. Ključne besede: obalni kras, za�odna Istra, obalni grajki, plimski bazeni, apnenec.

The aim of this research is to prove that the soil materials from flysch deposits, which are locally available on the Istrian peninsula at low cost, can be used as the components of the liner layers in municipal landfills. The resumption of the previous project (1995-1998) yielded new laboratory test results presented in the paper. On a particular site on the Istrian peninsula the samples of marly material were collected and tested in the laboratory. The samples were compacted using the standard Proctor energy at the optimal water content. Permeability tests were performed in Rowe & Barden hydraulic oedometer cell. The results prove that tested compacted marly material can achieve permeability less than 1 10-7 cm/s.

The aim of this research is to prove that the soil materials from flysch deposits, which are locally available on the Istrian peninsula at low cost, can be used as the components of the liner layers in municipal landfills. The resumption of the previous project (1995-1998) yielded new laboratory test results presented in the paper. On a particular site on the Istrian peninsula the samples of marly material were collected and tested in the laboratory. The samples were compacted using the standard Proctor energy at the optimal water content. Permeability tests were performed in Rowe & Barden hydraulic oedometer cell. The results prove that tested compacted marly material can achieve permeability less than 1 10-7 cm/s.

Submerged sediments represent an important component of near-shore coastal systems. Soil scientists have begun to study subaqueous soils from a pedological perspective, and conceptualize these soils as organic or mineral materials, having the ability to support rooted plants, which are submerged by estuarine, marine, or lacustrine water for a period of time such that their pedogenesis refl ects an environment dominated by submergence. The objective of this study was to describe and classify subaqueous soils of a shallow, mesotidal, Maine estuary and identify the relationship between soil properties and landscape position. A detailed bathymetric map was created for the study site using a fathometer, Global Positioning System (GPS), tide gauges, surveying equipment, and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The bathymetric map was used to identify the slope for each landscape unit and the mean water depth above each landscape unit. Slopes in the study range from 1 to >25%. Water depths above the soil surfaces are between 0.1 and 21.0 m at mean sea level (MSL). Soil samples were collected to depths between 1.0 and 5.5 m below the soil surface using a bucket auger, McCauley peat auger, or vibracoring device. Seven soil landscape units and 10 soil map units were differentiated from one another according slope class, geomorphic position, depositional environment, and soil characteristics. Most of the soil parent materials in the estuary are fi ne-textured sediments. This work is the fi rst estuary soil survey completed in Northern New England.

Sedimentological, macro-and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution. The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth. The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant proportions of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the overlying sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb). Sediments originating in hyposaline marshes (facies Ba) had the lowest foraminiferal species diversity index (A. beccarii predominated over Trochammina inflata and Haynesina sp.). Since late-Antiquity a significant input of alluvial matter led to the deposition of several metres of silty clay sediments which reach >9m thick in the M3 core. The sediment supply has been partly increased by deforestation carried out in the Mirna catchment area. This was particularly extensive from the 15 th -19 th centuries and fed the fluvial system with large amounts of material, causing the increase of sediment input and rapid progradation of the estuarine (bay-head) delta. This study also highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and anthropogenic activities that occurred during the Holocene.

The foraminiferal assemblages were studied at four stations in Soline Bay (Krk Island, Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Soline Bay is a protected lagoon with sediment rich in organic matter, without anthropogenic, industrial, agricultural impact and with negligible water input. The results demonstrated: dominance of hyaline taxa specimens along the Bay with an increase in number toward the shallower part, a decrease in the relative abundance of porcelaneous taxa specimens in the same direction, a low diversity and a high dominance of a very few species at all stations, plankton specimens in the shallow part of the Bay brought by tide currents. Study Area The foraminiferal assemblages from Soline Bay (Krk Island) were studied in May 2006 as a part of seasonal variability of the foraminiferal assem-blages monitoring project in the selected localities at the east coast of the Adriatic Sea (Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea). Soline Bay was selected as an example of the protected lagoon with fin...

Sedimentological, macro- and micropaleontological analyses on 3 cores down to 13 m depth were carried out in the
lower section of the Mirna River valley, in order to study the depositional facies and the environmental evolution.
The Holocene marine transgression reached upstream for 7 km from the present-day coast, while in the last 7 ka it was
followed by progradation of the Mirna River estuarine delta. The protected coast offered by the lower valley and the
strong input of fresh water led to the presence of a brackish microfauna in front of the river mouth.
The oldest sediments in the cores were characterized by the dominance of Ammonia beccarii and significant proportions
of Elphidium spp. and miliolids suggesting a marine/estuarine origin. The foraminiferal assemblage in the overlying
sediments became less diverse, as the relative abundance of Elphidium spp. and miliolids dropped, implying a
shift to a transitional environment (inner estuarine/lagoon facies, Bb). Sediments originating in hyposaline marshes
(facies Ba) had the lowest foraminiferal species diversity index (A. beccarii predominated over Trochammina inflata
and Haynesina sp.).
Since late-Antiquity a significant input of alluvial matter led to the deposition of several metres of silty clay sediments
which reach >9m thick in the M3 core. The sediment supply has been partly increased by deforestation carried out in
the Mirna catchment area. This was particularly extensive from the 15th–19th centuries and fed the fluvial system with
large amounts of material, causing the increase of sediment input and rapid progradation of the estuarine (bay-head)
delta.
This study also highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction
of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and
anthropogenic activities that occurred during the Holocene.