Juvenile Delinquency

Las normas intemacionales (universales y regionales) de protección
de derechos de los más Jóvenes entre nosotros—a las que la Corte
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos se refiere como el "amplio corpus
juris de protección internacional de los derechos humanos de niños, niñas
y adolescentes"19—, fueron interpretadas en nuestra región con un
enfoque específico, al cual he llamado en algún momento "la traducción
latinoamericana del corpus juris"
Cuando se compara la forma en la que este sistema normativo fue
comprendido en la región, respecto de cómo se lo lee en el ámbito universal
—cuestión que es posible apreciar, por ejemplo, al analizar los
informes que los países presentan al Comité de Derechos del Niño—, se
percibe claramente que la narrativa que se construyó en América Latina
sobre el tema es origina! y no aparece en otras regiones del mundo.
Por eso, como punto de partida, sostengo que hubo una traducción
propia, un cuento que generó problemas considerables a la hora de garantizar
los derechos —reconocidos en la ley internacional y en los derechos
nacionales—, a las niñas, los niños y adolescentes del continente;
en otras palabras, a Ia hora de acercar la teoría a la práctica.

Las normas internacionales (universales y regionales) de
protección de derechos humanos de niñas, niños y adolescentes fueron
interpretadas en América Latina con un enfoque específico, con una traducción propia, regional, de todas esas reglas y principios, que, aunque eficiente en su formulación original para producir transformaciones entonces necesarias, generó algunas dificultades a la hora de garantizar la plena vigencia de los derechos de niñas y niños latinoamericanos. Se argumentará que ese enfoque no fue eficaz para reducir la brecha existente entre el reconocimiento de los derechos en las leyes y su efectivo goce en la realidad.

The international standards (universal and regional) for the protection of the rights of children and youth -which the IACHR Court refers to as a broad corpus juris-, were interpreted in Latin America with a specific approach, which I have in the past referred to as "the Latin American translation of the corpus juris".
When we compare how this regulatory system was interpreted in the region, with respect to how it is understood at the universal level, we can cleariy see that the narrative that was developed in Latin America on the subject is unique and is not present in other
regions of the world.
Therefore, as a starting point, I argue that we have made our own translation, we built a story that posed difficulties when it came to guaranteeing the rights of Latin American children. In other words, it caused a disconnect when it carne to bringing theory and practice closer together.

Las normas Internacionales (universales y regionales) de protección de derechos de niños, niñas y adolescente a las que la
Corte IDH se refiere como amplio corpus juris, fueron interpretadas en América Latina con un enfoque específico, que en otras ocasiones he llamado "la traducción latinoamericana del corpus juris"
Esto es, cuando se compara la forma en la que este sistema normativo fue decodificado en la región, respecto de cómo se lo lee en el
ámbito universal, se percibe claramente que la narrativa que se construyó en América Latina sobre el tema es original y no está presenté
en otras regiones del mundo. Por eso, como punto de partida, sostengo
que hubo una traducción propia, un cuento que generó dificultades a la hora de garantizar los derechos de los niños latinoamericanos; en otras palabras, produjo una desconexión a la hora de acercar la teoría a la práctica.

El punto de partida de este breve texto es, pues, que existió
una traducción propia, regional, de todas esas reglas y principios, un cuento de los derechos que, aunque eficiente en su formulación original para producir transformaciones entonces necesarias, en lo que interesa después de tres décadas generó algunas dificultades a la hora de garantizar la plena vigencia de
los derechos de niñas y niños latinoamericanos; en otras palabras, se argumentará que ese enfoque no fue eficaz para reducir la brecha existente entre el reconocimiento de los derechos en las leyes y su efectivo goce en la realidad.
Las razones que explican tal reducido impacto son varias. En lo que sigue, me concentraré en abordar sólo algunas de ellas que se refieren, precisamente, a las características de la traducción latinoamericana de las reglas y principios que integran el amplio corpus juris internacional de protección de derechos fundamentales de niños, niñas y adolescentes.

En este estudio llevaremos a cabo una revisión histórica del sistema acusatorio en América Latina en general y en nuestro país en particular. Realizaremos un análisis comparativo federal del derecho a nivel provincial, enfocándonos en los casos donde los imputados son niños, niñas y adolescentes, con especial atención a las garantías que los
asisten.

Resumo
O artigo objetiva problematizar o modo de
gestão de conflitos envolvendo crianças na
Justiça de família e de proteção e particular-
mente os termos em que tratadas as adap-
tações da Justiça para torná-la amigável a
crianças. Valendo-se de uma abordagem
histórico-crítica, elabora uma análise genea-
lógica das linhas de força que atravessaram
histórica e politicamente as demandas envol-
vendo crianças na Justiça e os limites dos
critérios adotados para solução dos conflitos,
particularmente (mas não exclusivamente)
no Brasil. Pautado na mudança paradigmá-
tica da concepção de criança considerada
como sujeito de direito, debate os desafios
de igualização, respeitadas as diferenças de
crianças, e a recepção pela Justiça de suas
formas de resistência. Neste contexto, são
analisados os modos como os conflitos são
mapeados, em que medida consideram as
linhas de força analisadas e observam a pos-
sibilidade de uma participação substantiva
de crianças. Defende-se, então, uma conci-
liação entre uma abordagem pautada em ga-
rantias com modelos judiciais que fomentem
decisões negociadas e colaborativas com
crianças, imanente ao presente, com uma
abertura prospectiva. Conclui-se apontan-
do que o potencial político da conjunção da
amizade com a Justiça consiste no desafio
da igualdade e da democracia.

Juvenile Delinquency is one of the serious problems where almost all the societies of the world are facing and Meghalaya, Shillong is not an exception. The present research study in Meghalaya, Shillong aims to explore the causes that lead children or youths to commit offenses and how as a community we can take preventive measures to help in curbing the rise of juvenile offenses. Exploratory research design was used for this study. The samples for this study were 26 respondents who was supposed to be Teachers, Headman, Police, Officers from the Juvenile Observation Home, Social Workers and Teachers but only 18 of them responded and out of the 18 respondents 7 of them were teachers and 11 of them belongs to the police department. A Semi-structured Questionnaire and thematic analysis was used for data collection and analysis. After the study was conducted, it was found out that the major causes that leads children to commit offences are Peer pressure, Adolescence phase (Emotional instability and personality), financial instability, Environmental factors (Family background, parental skills and surroundings) and Social Media. It was also found out that Education plays a major role in shaping the beliefs system and moral values and that Community and schools can come up with awareness programmes, role plays and counselling to help the youths to learn how to engage in positive self-appraisal, deal with conflict and aggression.

Krzysztof Sawicki, Urszula Markowska-Manista (red.), Zakład Poprawczy w Białymstoku w systemie resocjalizacji z perspektywy zespołowych badan terenowych, Wydawnictwo Temida 2, Białystok 2022, ss. 242 Książka Krzysztofa Sawickiego i Urszuli Markowskiej-Manista jest książką dość nietypową. Po dekadach rozpleniania się paskudnej praktyki akademickiej polegającej na wykorzystywaniu prac magisterskich, licencjackich, semestralnych i wszelakich innych wytworzonych przez studentów, bez ich wiedzy i zgody, do stworzenia dzieł własnych przez naukowców, Autorzy-Redaktorzy wpadli na genialny pomysł, by tychże studentów (i doktorantów) do wspólnego badania, a potem opisywania wyników tegoż badania, oficjalnie zaprosić. Nie trzeba chyba nikogo uświadamiać, że był to pomysł ryzykowny -poziom umiejętności studentów bywa bardzo nierówny. Uspokoję jednak Czytelnika -ryzyko opłaciło się, i to z nawiązką. Książka składa się z ośmiu rozdziałów. Tylko pierwszy z nich, zatytułowany "Badania terenowe w zakładzie poprawczym" jest autorstwa Redaktorów książki. Jest to zabieg celowy -po przedstawieniu Czytelnikowi specyfiki placówki (Zakład Poprawczy w Białymstoku od 1997 r. był placówką resocjalizacyjno-terapeutyczną dla chłopców uzależnionych od środków odurzających i psychotropowych oraz nosicieli wirusa HIV i było tak w chwili przeprowadzania badań; najnowsze nowelizacje zniosły te podziały) i zaznajomieniu Go z założeniami metodologicznymi oraz organizacją i przebiegiem badań własnych, Redaktorzy oddali głos studentom, którzy są już wyłącznymi autorami pozostałych części książki. Zanim przejdę do napisanych przez nich rozdziałów, wspomnę tylko koniecznie, że celem badań, jak piszą sami autorzy redaktorzy, było wykonanie swoistej "…fotografii placówki poprzez zarejestrowanie aktywności przebywających w jej przestrzeni osób, wychowawców i nieletnich, aktywności wynikającej z realizacji zadań statutowych i programów terapeutyczno-resocjalizacyjnych oraz w kontekście specyfiki miejsca" (s. 29). Aby temu celowi podołać zdecydowali się (bardzo słusznie) na zastosowanie jakościowych metod badań, bowiem, jak sami wskazują, jest spory deficyt literatury na temat nieletnich z problemem uzależnienia a także specyfiki pracy

Rad istražuje razvojni put nasilja, počev od prvih, često prikrivenih oblika, pa sve do njegovih najdrastičnijih manifestacija u vidu femicida. Analizom uzroka i faktora koji doprinose eskalaciji nasilja  od porodičnih i partnerskih odnosa, preko društvenih i kulturnih obrazaca, do institucionalnih propusta, ukazuje se na to kako „početno nasilje“ rijetko ostaje izolovano i bez posljedica. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na viktimizaciju žena, neravnopravnost polova, tolerisanje nasilnih obrazaca i nedostatak preventivnih mjera, što često vodi do tragičnog ishoda. Cilj rada jeste da pokaže da femicid ne nastaje iznenada, već kao krajnja tačka kontinuiranog procesa u kojem svaki zanemaren oblik nasilja postaje korak ka eskalaciji. Rad takođe razmatra mogućnosti prevencije kroz edukaciju, pravovremenu institucionalnu reakciju i društvenu odgovornost, sa posebnim naglaskom na važnost razvijanja kulture nulte tolerancije prema nasilju.

Sex offence to children is not uncommon now a days. Death following rape is also not unknown to us to prevent the victim to disclose the identity of the offender especially when the offender is known to the victim. Adult as well as juvenile sexual offenders against children exist in both inside and outside of our family system and posing a recognizable threat to vulnerable children. Sexual aberration and aggression reach its height when the offender after performing illegal sexual intercourse, kills the victim and even after death performs sexual intercourse with the dead body to achieve gratification, which is defined in term of 'Necrophilia'. Paedophilia is defined as recurrent, intense sexual fantasies, urges or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child less than 13 years of age by a person who is 16 years or older and at least 5 years older than the child. Here in the following case a 7 year old girl was suffocated following rape and the assailant who was juvenile by age performed anal intercourse with the dead body to achieve gratification.

Past research has assessed gender differences in delinquency due to differential social controls, yet important questions remain regarding gender and social bonding. As much of this work was premised on Hirschi's measurement of the social bond, we examine whether gender moderates two parts of the social bond: the measurement of the social bond and structural differences between the social bond and delinquency. Using multiple-group structural equation modeling, we find that neither the measures of the social bond nor their relationships with property crime are gender-specific. The structural relationship between the elements of the social bond and violent delinquency differs slightly for boys and girls. We discuss implications of this research for social control theory, measuring the social bond and for gender-specific theories of social bonding and control. * p < .05. ** p <.:01.

Pojem pravne dobrine je danes v slovenskem pravnem prostoru splošno uporabljan; postal je del skoraj vsake pravne debate, pravnega prispevka, pravne vloge. Njegova raba se posamezniku bodisi že tekom pravnega študija bodisi kasneje ob opravljanju pravosodne, pravoznanstvene ali druge s pravom povezane vloge vtre v izrazoslovni oziroma miselni repertoar. Pojem pravne dobrine tako postane samoumeven, celo inherenten element pravnega diskurza, pri čemer pa prav posebno težo nosi za kazensko materialno pravo (v nadaljevanju: kazensko pravo). Namen prispevka je poskušati orisati in zarisati meje te osrednje pravne figure ter s tem preko kratke opredelitve ustrezne teoretične in historične podstati zagotoviti izhodišče za razumevanje, na kakšen način lahko pojem pravne dobrine v kazenskem pravu velja za terminus technicus, tj. kot znanosti kazenskega pravu lasten in specifičen pojem.

Background: In previous studies, maternal expressed emotion (EE) has been found to be a good predictor of the course of adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, these studies have been cross-section as opposed to longitudinal. The goal of this study is to examine longitudinal data of perceived maternal EE and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms to determine if maternal EE affected the course of adolescent symptoms (a parent effect model), or if the course of adolescent symptoms affected maternal EE (a child effect model), or if maternal EE and adolescent symptoms affected one another bidirectionally. Methods: Dutch adolescents (N = 497; 57% boys; M = 13 years) from the general community and their mothers were prospectively studied annually for three years. At all waves the mothers completed the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) questionnaire and the adolescents completed self-rated measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the longitudinal data. Results: The results of the SEM analyses clearly demonstrate that a child effect model best describes the relationship between maternal EE and the course of adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Conclusions: This longitudinal study of the mothers' EE perceptions suggests that it is the course of the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents from the general community that affects maternal EE, and not the mothers' perceived EE influencing the course of the adolescents' symptoms. Since this study was based on adolescents from the general community, it is suggested that these findings should also be replicated in clinical samples of adolescents.

ABSTRACTRecent research has identified adolescent disclosure to parents as a powerful predictor of adolescent adjustment. We propose, however, that the common operationalization of adolescent disclosure incorporates the two separate constructs of disclosure and secrecy, and predicted that the disclosure–adjustment link can largely be explained by the unique contribution of secrecy from parents. A four‐wave survey study among 309 adolescents tested these predictions. Factor analyses confirmed that disclosure and secrecy should be distinguished as two separate constructs. Moreover, in cross‐lagged path analyses, only secrecy was a longitudinal predictor of adolescent internalizing (i.e., depression) and externalizing (i.e., delinquency) problems, disclosure was not. Secrecy consistently contributed to the longitudinal prediction of delinquency from early to middle adolescence, whereas it contributed to the prediction of depression only in early adolescence. Findings thus attest the im...

The relationship between parental HIV/AIDS status or death and child mental health is well known, although the role of child maltreatment as a confounder or mediator in this relationship remains uncertain. This study examined the potential path mechanism through child maltreatment mediating the link between HIV/AIDS family dysfunction trajectories and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Lower Manya Municipal Assembly of Ghana. A questionnaire which consisted of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Social and Health Assessment (SAHA), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) was completed by 291 adolescents. Controlling for relevant sociodemographic confounders, mediation analyses using linear regression were fitted to examine whether the association between family dysfunction and psychosocial problems is mediated by child maltreatment. The results indicate that, among adolescents, child maltreatment fully mediated the association between being orphaned by AIDS and selfesteem (b = .59 [95%CI .32, .91]), delinquency and risky behaviours (b = .56 [95%CI .31, .86]) and peer problems (b = .74 [95%CI .48, 1.03]). Similarly, child maltreatment fully mediated the association between living with an HIV/AIDS-infected parent and self-esteem (b = .78 [95%CI .43, 1.23]), delinquency and risky behaviours (b = .76 [95%CI .45, 1.11]), depression/emotional problems (b = .64 [95%CI .40, .92]) and peer problems (b = .94 [95%CI .66, 1.26]). Partial mediation was found for hyperactivity. Child maltreatment mediates the association between the family dysfunction trajectories of parental HIV/AIDS or death and psychosocial problems among adolescents. This implies that efforts to address child maltreatment among families affected by HIV/AIDS may be helpful in the prevention of psychosocial problems among these children, thus enhancing their wellbeing. The findings therefore underscore the need for comprehensive psychosocial interventions that addresses both the unique negative exposures of HIV/AIDS and maltreatment for children affected by HIV.

Globalization with internet, online media, drug, games, online gambling and sex adolescent are between the main reasons to determine juvenile delinquency. In order to assess the parents’ and juveniles’ perception, questionnaires were administered on a sample of 100 juveniles: 93 males, and 7 females, with ages between 15-18 years at the Khon Kaen RJVTC Office. The Juvenile Delinquency Questionnaire A (IDIQ-A) and IDIQ-B were used; they contained questions regarding seven topics. The questions were addressed to juveniles and their parents, concomitantly. The majority of juvenile offenses cases were having a lower secondary education, were unemployed, were separated and were living with their parents (64%). Males used to be the most victims of the amphetamine-related offenses and used to have recidivism of their crimes. Divorce and child custody are supported by the new juvenile’s family regarding minor’s protection. When entering Khon Kaen RJVTC , during the intermediate stage, juven...

The family, as the basic environment of human life, plays a key role in the educational process and building social bonds. In the military context, this role is shaped by unique challenges such as deployment, relocation, and operational stress. The quality of the functions performed by the family has a significant impact on

Buku Kriminologi ini menyajikan kajian komprehensif mengenai kejahatan dari berbagai perspektif, mulai dari konsep dasar, teori klasik dan modern, hingga tipologi kejahatan yang berkembang di masyarakat. Faktor penyebab kriminalitas dijelaskan secara multidimensional, mencakup aspek biologis, psikologis, sosial, ekonomi, budaya, dan lingkungan.

Selain membahas metode penelitian dan keterkaitannya dengan sistem peradilan pidana, buku ini juga menyoroti viktimologi, strategi pencegahan, serta dinamika kriminologi di Indonesia dan relevansinya dengan hukum pidana Islam. Di bagian akhir, diperlihatkan tantangan sekaligus arah masa depan kriminologi dalam menghadapi globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi.

Dengan penyajian yang runtut dan sistematis, karya ini diharapkan menjadi rujukan bagi m

This study examines the relationship between parental discipline and rule violating behavior through the lens of legal socialization theory, focusing on the mediating role of perceived legitimacy in authority. It is expected that harsher parental rules and discipline are associated with a later increase in rule violating behavior, as well as a decrease in adolescents' perception of authority legitimacy. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the relationship between parental discipline and subsequent deviant behavior is mediated by perceived legitimacy in authority. The research draws on data from the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study (SPLSS), a longitudinal study initially involving 800 Brazilian adolescents aged 11-14. Using structural equation modeling, the study analyzes time-ordered data to assess whether legitimacy mediates the impact of parental discipline on rule violating behavior. The findings provide qualified support for the hypotheses. Specifically, perceived legitimacy fully mediates the relationship between parental discipline and subsequent rule violation behavior. The results refine theoretical understandings of legal socialization and highlight the role of parental discipline in fostering the legitimacy of authority, which in turn reduces deviant behavior. This research extends the generalizability of legal socialization theory to Global South contexts and emphasizes the importance of investing in resources that promote legitimacy while accounting for cultural and structural variations.

Deze studie werd uitgevoerd in het kader van het Vlaamse armoedesteunpunt en werd gefinancierd door de Vlaams Minister bevoegd voor Armoedebestrijding, Liesbeth Homans. De conclusies van deze publicatie vertolken niet noodzakelijk de visie van de opdrachtgever. Het VLAS bestaat uit onderzoekers die vanuit verschillende disciplines en perspectieven samen werken. De inhoud en de conclusies van deze publicatie vertolken enkel de visie van de auteurs.

In recent times, many scholars have detected a tremendous trend in the abuse of Tramadol. Tramadol, otherwise known as Ultram, is a painkiller. It belongs to opiate (narcotic) analgesics. The Substance is use and abuse by the youths in Gwagwalada. The consequences associated with this problem has given rise to violent crime activities, family dysfunctions and disintegration, poor academic performance, stress of hallucination and incarcerations. The paper therefore investigated the Nexus between tramadol abuse and the psychological wellbeing among selected youths in Gwagwalada community, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. To achieve this objective, the study-elicited data through questionnaire from 400 randomly selected respondents comprising youths, police officers, medical doctors and members of the public. The survey is a cross-sectional study and theoretical framework use structural Strain theory. The Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient (PPMC) analytical tool was used to analyze elicited data using descriptive statistics to test the formulated hypotheses. The result from the test of hypothesis one indicates that the computed r-value (0.44) is greater than the critical r-value (.088) at 0.05 alpha level of significance showing significant relationship between tramadol abuse and terrorism activities. In conclusion, the study discovered that the ability of the Tramadol to produce euphoria, makes possible the chronic use among the youths. Findings from the study shows that the prevalence of youth restiveness in Abuja, especially in the Northern Nigeria has developed into further violent crimes such as mass kidnapping and banditry. Consequent upon these Findings, the study recommends that there should be enough security to checkmate and stop the sale of Tramadol in the open market in order to overcome the plights of the citizenry.

Psychopathic traits assessed with expert-rated instruments are well-established predictors for both general and violent felony recidivism outcomes in adjudicated youth. However, it is not clear whether self-report assessments of psychopathic traits show similar predictive value. The current study evaluated both expert-rated (i.e., the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]) and self-report measures (i.e., the Childhood Psychopathy Scale, Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits, Antisocial Process Screening Device, and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) assessing youth psychopathic traits for predicting general and violent felony recidivism among formerly incarcerated high-risk male adolescents (n = 275). Scores on both expert-rated and self-report instruments were significantly associated with a shorter time to felony rearrest into early adulthood (with an average follow-up window of 11 years). However, the expert-rated PCL:YV, but not self-report measures, provided significant utility for predicting violent felony arrest. These results suggest that in general, youth psychopathic traits, regardless of the specific instrument used, are predictors of general felony rearrest outcomes, while the expert-rated PCL: YV alone provides utility for predicting the most severe crimes (i.e., violent felonies). The strengths and limitations of the assessment modalities are discussed.

The abstract for "Pipeline from School to Prison describes how disciplinary actions in U.S. schools can lead to severe criminal justice consequences for children, including handcuffing and incarceration for behaviors such as classroom disruption. The paper highlights that the U.S. leads the world in both incarceration rates and the number of juveniles incarcerated, including many serving life sentences without parole, which contrasts sharply with international standards like those in China. The abstract emphasizes the harshness and systemic issues of the U.S. juvenile justice approach, illustrating the devastating impact of policies that criminalize youth behavior and disproportionately affect marginalized children, contributing to a broader social crisis known as the school-to-prison pipeline.

Young gangsters have emerged as a significant social and institutional problem in Bangladeshi cities, as they threaten public safety by challenging law and order and disturbing the social cohesion of civil society. This study investigates the nature, causes, and consequences of youth gang involvement in four urban areas of Dhaka and Chittagong through a mixed-method case study of these hotspots. Drawing on qualitative interviews with community residents, educators, police officers, and NGOs, as well as media reports and official statistics, the study shows that poverty, family breakdown, peer pressure, and political protection are the leading factors behind young people's engagement with gangs. The results indicate that gang activity has wide-ranging spillover costs-including increased violence, loss of public trust, reduced educational attainment, and decreased law enforcement effectiveness. The research also reveals institutional collapse and the collusion of political officials in sustaining gang structures. Accordingly, the paper recommends a multifaceted strategy that includes community interventions, juvenile justice reform, political accountability, and youth empowerment mechanisms. This study further enriches the literature on youth delinquency in South Asia and provides practical guidance for policymaking, civil sensitization, and early prevention frameworks in similar developing societies.

Speaking is one of the most essential skills for human communication, as it directly reflects a speaker's thoughts, attitudes, and confidence. For undergraduate students in Bangladesh, particularly in private universities, developing proficiency in English speaking is often considered both an academic necessity and a professional requirement in a globalized world. Despite the adoption of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach and curriculum reforms, a significant number of students continue to perceive English speaking as a source of pressure rather than a natural, confident practice. This research explores the speaking styles, challenges, and attitudes of undergraduate students across selected private universities in Bangladesh. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining questionnaire-based surveys with interviews and classroom observations. Findings suggest that while some students demonstrate commendable fluency, many experience anxiety, lack of vocabulary, and limited opportunities to practice speaking outside the classroom. The research argues that speaking in English should be fostered as an attitude-a mindset of confidence and willingness-rather than a burden or examination-driven activity. The paper concludes that targeted institutional support, frequent speaking opportunities, and a shift in student perception can transform English speaking into an empowering skill for future employability and cross-cultural communication.

El propósito de este capítulo es esbozar una comprensión de nuestra
vida afectiva, buscando echar luz a partir de allí sobre nuestra comprensión
de la vida psicológica en general. Intentaré mostrar que la pintura
canónica de la mente como mente psicológica (intencionalidad /racionalidad) más mente fenomenológica (qualia) es errónea. Para ello partiré de los fenómenos afectivos, en especial de las emociones, ya que creo que, tomándolas como fenómenos psicológicos básicos, se hace evidente que una pintura poscognitivista de la mente es la más razonable que la canónica. El plan del trabajo es el siguiente. En primer lugar, explicitaré los elementos involucrados en los procesos emocionales, focalizando la presentación en cuatro emociones que parecen buenas candidatas a ser consideradas emociones básicas: el miedo, la alegría, el enojo y la tristeza. En segundo lugar, me detendré en los varios sentidos en los que se puede decir que las emociones son fenómenos psicológicos básicos, y además que ciertas emociones (no todas) son básicas, buscando defender una caracterización de este carácter básico que permita integrar los diversos elementos constitutivos de las emociones, mencionados en el primer apartado, y que permita entender además cómo se relacionan las emociones básicas con otros fenómenos de nuestra vida afectiva y de nuestra vida psicológica en general, especialmente con la comprensión folk de nuestra vida mental. Finalmente, mostraré cómo esta pintura de las emociones básicas resulta consistente con una visión poscognitivista de nuestra vida mental.

Rental delinquency is a phenomenon especially, in developing countries while the rate and causes may vary from one country, region, state or locality to another. However, this study examined the rate and causes of rental delinquency in the residential property market in Osogbo, Nigeria. The study is a survey research and the target population for the study comprises estate surveying and valuation firms in the study area, and the residential tenants in their management portfolios. The data was collected with the aid of structured and self-administered questionnaires from twenty-two ( ) estate surveying and valuation firms (91.67%), and two hundred and sixty-nine (269) residential tenants (56.05%), and were analyzed with Mean Item Score (MIS) and Mann-Whitney U test (MWU). The results of the MIS revealed that there was a difference in the opinion of both groups on the causes of rental delinquency in the study area. The MWU revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in the opinions of both groups but the effect is small since the average r-value is 0.24 which implies that there was no common ground as regards the causes of rental delinquency because both groups agreed on a particular variable and disagree on another. The overall mean revealed that irregularity of income (M=4.86; p-value=0.95), high rent as a result of a high gap in rent revision (M=4.54; p-value=0.00), unemployment/loss of job (M=4.48; p-value=0.00), delay response to maintenance by the landlord or managing agent (M=3.97; p-value=0.00), landlord/managing agent failure to consulting the tenant before rent revision (M=3.89; p-value=0.00), cumulative or compounded maintenance problem (M=3.89; p-value= 0.00), and health challenge or illness (M=3.82; p-value=0.00) were in agreement as causes of rental delinquency. The study recommends amongst others that the government as a matter of urgency should overhaul the nation's economy through workable policies and programmes, and provides employment opportunities that could guarantee financial freedom that would enable tenants to meet their rental obligations when due.

ABSTRACTThis study examines the intergenerational transmission of family religion as measured by parent&#39;s and adolescent&#39;s beliefs and practices in Buddhism, and its relation to delinquent behaviors among early adolescents in Thailand. The data set is from the Thai Family Matters Project 2007, a representative sample of 420 pairs of parents and teens in Bangkok. A structural equation model is employed for the analysis. The intergenerational transmission and the direct and indirect association between parents&#39; and adolescents&#39; beliefs and practices in Buddhism and adolescents&#39; minor and serious delinquent behaviors are revealed to be significant, controlling for secular parental monitoring. Spirituality within the family can play an important role in preventing delinquency among early adolescents. Policies in the areas related to family empowerment and delinquency prevention may need to consider integrating both secular and non‐secular program inputs in their impl...

est consultante clinique à Dans la rue depuis 1997. Après des études en psychologie à l'Université de Montréal, elle a complété sa formation clinique au Service à la jeunesse de l'Institut de psychiatrie communautaire et familial de l'hôpital général juif de Montréal. « Les jeunes en difficulté : Une invitation à la créativité » « L'appel que nous venons d'entendre, c'est plutôt à l'humanité tout entière qu'il s'adresse. Mais à cet endroit, en ce moment, l'humanité c'est nous, que ça nous plaise ou non. » Vladimir, dans En attendant Godot de Samuel Beckett

Self-conscious emotions are expected to be related to delinquency, as they guide moral decision making. In the current study, two separate multilevel meta-analyses were performed to examine the overall relation between guilt, shame and delinquency. In addition, possible moderating factors were examined. In total, 25 studies with 24 independent samples, reporting on 75 effect sizes, were included. The results showed significant negative associations between guilt and delinquency (r = -.278), and between shame and delinquency (r = -.130), indicating that higher levels of guilt and shame were related to less delinquency. Implications for theory and practice concerning the role of self-conscious emotions in delinquency and offender treatment are discussed.

The effects of sports-based interventions in the prevention of juvenile delinquency ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op donderdag 23 februari 2017, te 12.00 uur door Anouk Spruit geboren te Haarlem

Participation in sports activities is very popular among adolescents, and is frequently encouraged among youth. Many psychosocial health benefits in youth are attributed to sports participation, but to what extent this positive influence holds for juvenile delinquency is still not clear on both the theoretical and empirical level. There is much controversy on whether sports participation should be perceived as a protective or a risk factor for the development of juvenile delinquency. A multilevel meta-analysis of 51 published and unpublished studies, with 48 independent samples containing 431 effect sizes and N = 132.366 adolescents, was conducted to examine the relationship between sports participation and juvenile delinquency and possible moderating factors of this association. The results showed that there is no overall significant association between sports participation and juvenile delinquency, indicating that adolescent athletes are neither more nor less delinquent than non-a...

Despite the widespread implementation of sports-based crime prevention programs, there is little known about the effectiveness of these interventions and the validity of underlying theoretical assumptions. This dissertation consists of four studies. First, a meta-analysis on the relation between sports participation and juvenile delinquency was conducted. Overall, there was no relation between sports participation and juvenile delinquency, implicating that adolescent athletes are no more or less delinquent than non-athletic adolescents. Second, meta-analyses on the effectiveness of sports-based interventions on psychosocial outcomes in adolescents were performed. Significant effects were found on externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, self-concept, and academic achievement. Third, the effectiveness of the Dutch sports-based crime prevention program “Alleen jij bepaalt je wie bent” (AJB) for at-risk youths was examined using a quasi-experimental design. Positive effects of A...

Despite the wide implementation of sport-based crime prevention programs, there is a lack of empirical knowledge on the effectiveness of these interventions. This study evaluated a Dutch sport-based program in N = 368 youth at risk for juvenile delinquency. Intervention effects were tested in a quasi-experimental study, comparing the intervention group with a comparison group using multiple sources of information. The study was conducted under conditions that resemble real-life implementation, thereby enhancing the relevance of this contribution to practitioners. The primary outcome was juvenile delinquency, measured by official police data. The secondary outcomes were risk and protective factors for delinquency, assessed with self-and teacher reports. A significant effect was found on one delinquency measure. The intervention group consisted of fewer youth with police registrations as a suspect than the comparison group (d = -0.34). We did not find an intervention effect on the number of registrations as a suspect in each group. In addition, no significant intervention effects were found on the secondary outcomes. Implications for theory and practice concerning the use of sport-based crime prevention programs are discussed.

To prevent juvenile delinquency, there is growing interest in the use of sports-based interventions. To date, there is little empirical research that provides insights into for whom, how, and when sports-based crime prevention programs are most effective. Therefore, the current study assessed which youth, coach, and context factors were predictive of change in risk factors and protective factors for delinquency in a sports-based crime prevention program for at-risk adolescents. Participants ( N = 155) and their teachers filled in questionnaires about risk and protective factors for delinquency at the start of the intervention and 13 months later. In addition, the coaches and participants filled in questionnaires about the predictors of intervention success. The youths showed significant improvements over the course of the intervention. Various youth, coach, and context factors (e.g., the type of education of youth and the sociomoral climate at the sports club) were associated to cha...

Self-conscious emotions are expected to be related to delinquency, as they guide moral decision making. In the current study, two separate multilevel meta-analyses were performed to examine the overall relation between guilt, shame and delinquency. In addition, possible moderating factors were examined. In total, 25 studies with 24 independent samples, reporting on 75 effect sizes, were included. The results showed significant negative associations between guilt and delinquency (r = -.278), and between shame and delinquency (r = -.130), indicating that higher levels of guilt and shame were related to less delinquency. Implications for theory and practice concerning the role of self-conscious emotions in delinquency and offender treatment are discussed.

According to the risk-need-responsivity model of offender, assessment and rehabilitation treatment should target specific factors that are related to re-offending. This study evaluates the residential care of Filipino juvenile offenders using the risk-need-responsivity model. Risk analyses and criminogenic needs assessments (parenting style, aggression, relationships with peers, empathy, and moral reasoning) have been conducted using data of 55 juvenile offenders in four residential facilities. The psychological care has been assessed using a checklist. Statistical analyses showed that juvenile offenders had a high risk of re-offending, high aggression, difficulties in making pro-social friends, and a delayed socio-moral development. The psychological programs in the residential facilities were evaluated to be poor. The availability of the psychological care in the facilities fitted poorly with the characteristics of the juvenile offenders and did not comply with the risk-need-responsivity model. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Participation in sports activities is very popular among adolescents, and is frequently encouraged among youth. Many psychosocial health benefits in youth are attributed to sports participation, but to what extent this positive influence holds for juvenile delinquency is still not clear on both the theoretical and empirical level. There is much controversy on whether sports participation should be perceived as a protective or a risk factor for the development of juvenile delinquency. A multilevel meta-analysis of 51 published and unpublished studies, with 48 independent samples containing 431 effect sizes and N = 132,366 adolescents, was conducted to examine the relationship between sports participation and juvenile delinquency and possible moderating factors of this association. The results showed that there is no overall significant association between sports participation and juvenile delinquency, indicating that adolescent athletes are neither more nor less delinquent than non-a...

This autoethnographic essay reflects on my experiences as a case manager in North Carolina's "Willie M." program, which served youth classified as emotionally or neurologically impaired and adjudicated delinquent. Focusing on young Black males in under-resourced communities, it examines how systemic inequality, racialized labeling, and institutional responses shape identity and life outcomes. Guided by Labeling Theory and Critical Race Theory, I analyze how societal narratives influence these youth while tracing my transformation from case manager to advocate. Through reflective storytelling, this essay contributes to broader conversations about justice, equity, and the responsibilities of professionals serving vulnerable populations.

The current study examined the association between adolescent emotional competence, operationalized and measured at both the individual and the school levels, and gang membership. The study involved a sample of 12,040 students (51.4% females; mean = 16.9 years) participating in the biennial state department of education coordinated California Healthy Kids Survey, which assesses a range of adolescent health‐related behaviors. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that higher levels of individual emotional competence were associated with a lower likelihood of identifying as a gang member. Moreover, a stronger negative association between emotional competence and identifying as a gang member was found when emotional competence was operationalized at the school level. Implications include the role of schools in promoting emotional regulation, empathy, and behavioral regulation of their entire student body as part of an overall strategy to reduce individual student&#39;s attraction to g...

Previous research indicates that students who drop out of high school are at risk for a number of negative outcomes. Both ecological and individual risk factors contribute to students' propensity for dropout. This study examined the effectiveness of a targeted dropout prevention program at improving academic achievement and investigated whether improved social support and emotional competencies partially mediated the association between intervention participation and student outcomes. A sample of 110 middle and high school students (55 intervention participants and 55 students in a matched control group) completed surveys investigating their social-emotional assets and schools provided academic data for participants. Structural equation modeling revealed that students who participated in the program had higher academic achievement compared to the control group. Prior levels of academic achievement moderated the effectiveness of the program with students with low initial levels of academic achievement benefiting more. Emotional competencies and social support did not mediate the relation between participation and achievement. The intervention was related to improved academic achievement among participants; however, the means by which it was effective was unclear. Given the evidence that the program was more effective for some students than others, targeting interventions to meet specific needs of students may be advantageous.

Restorative justice (RJ) is an alternative approach to school discipline that has been gaining recognition in the public and academic spheres as a way to engage students who misbehave in school. RJ has promise to address racial/ethnic, gender, and disability disproportionality in school discipline. One aspect of school-based RJ that has received almost no attention in the literature is the professional development and ongoing support of teachers in schools using RJ. This article provides a review of extant literature on school-based RJ, teacher training, and consultation methods. Integrating the empirical literature on school consultation and teacher professional development, we argue that schools should implement a multitiered model of professional development to build teacher competency in RJ, specifically including the use of targeted teacher consultation. The proposed model is complementary to an RJ framework, systematic, and capable of evaluation; future research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness in practice.

Research on juvenile gangs has focused predominantly on why adolescents are members of gangs rather than on how youths desist from gang involvement. Participants were recruited from a camp facility in central California. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research approach, four researchers reviewed 58 adolescent males’ responses to six open-ended questions regarding how to help youths get out of gangs. These youths made six overarching recommendations: overall recommendations and those relating to school, family, community, law enforcement, and gang interventions. This article concludes with practical implications and future directions based on the integration of study results with the research literature.