Invisible Watermarking

Abstract— In This Paper we are going to purpose an efficient Watermarking Technique for Digital Media Content Protection and Copyright Protection. Watermarking is a technique to embed hidden and unnoticeable signal into digital media in such a way that if an intruder wants to copy ...

This study introduces an advanced method for evaluating non-blind watermarking quality, leveraging both visible and invisible watermarking techniques grounded in principles of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and modified singular value decomposition (M-SVD). The primary focus is to refine the assessment process of watermarked images by integrating M-SVD, known for its efficacy in measuring image quality and watermarking performance. Results from the M-SVD implementation exhibit a striking resemblance to the original images. The mean squared error (MSE) values for watermarked images range from 0.0003 to 0.0168, while peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values vary between 42.52 dB and 82.72 dB. These outcomes underscore the potential of DCT and M-SVD techniques in bolstering watermarking processes, especially in invisible watermarking contexts.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing opens up new possibilities in customization and manufacturing, but brings with it tremendous intellectual property vulnerabilities, including financially motivated knockoffs and intentional sabotage. Novel methods for chemical tagging and authentication address these vulnerabilities, taking advantage of analytical advances to create fast, secure validate-anywhere options. Simply requiring that the blueprint file contain an authorization code is not enough to prevent all types of 3D counterfeiting. The authorization code validates the printing process, but leaves no trace of that validation (or the lack of it) on the product that is generated. New research, described here, uses under-the-surface taggant layers, detectable using portable chemical analyzers such as spectrometers. This under-the-skin tagging represents a substantial advance in security. The tagging in layers also represents a considerable advance over simply mixing a taggant chemical into a single printing medium since it makes possible a much larger number of tag options. The ability of UVcured commodity chemicals to apply and adhere to a wide range of materials and remain undetectable in the visible spectral region is a key enabler of the technology. The near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum has been shown to be useful for distinguishing specific regions of absorption of the tagging compounds not present in the substrate. This property is what makes the selected compounds particularly effective as covert taggants: the human eye cannot detect their presence, but the spectrometer can.

Transform domain methods have dominated the watermarking field from its early stages. In these methods some coefficients are selected and modified according to certain rules. The two most important numbers in this process are the length and the position of the watermark. These are usually heuristically chosen. In order to handle this problem, an adaptive scheme for the selection of the proper coefficients is analysed in the present communication.

Abstract— In This Paper we are going to purpose an efficient Watermarking Technique for Digital Media Content Protection and Copyright Protection. Watermarking is a technique to embed hidden and unnoticeable signal into digital media in such a way that if an intruder wants to copy ...

Ownership authentication and copyright protection of image has achieved a sharp attention due to easy and global availability of internet services. Illegal copying and misappropriation of digital image leads cyber crime in an epidemic form. Invisible watermarking technique is one of the leading solutions towards violation of ownership authentication problem without deteriorating the quality of the image. In spatial domain watermarking, a counterfeiter may not retrieve the watermark from watermarked image but the watermark can be destroyed if JPEG compression is performed on the watermarked image even at a very low level of compression and this is a very popular and easy way indeed for violating authentication of ownership. In this article a DCT based image watermarking framework is proposed to enhance the robustness of the watermark in the watermarked image against high level lossy JPEG compression. Several proposed watermark frameworks in last few years have considered binary watermarks and watermark pixels are directly embedded at the DCT coefficients of host images. Whereas in our proposed framework we have used color host images and grayscale watermarks and DCT is performed on both the host image and watermark image. Watermark frequencies are embedded in the DCT coefficients of several blocks of the host image. A secret key is used that determines the embedding blocks of the host image. Experimental result sets demonstrate that our proposed framework ensures the quality of watermarked image, perceptual invisibility of watermark in human visual system, robustness of watermark against high JPEG compression.

A novel approach for adaptive visible watermarking algorithm using Hadamard transformation technique is proposed in this paper for copyright protection of digital images. In this work, watermark is inserted into luminance component of a cover image and hence the proposed scheme could be used for both colour and monochrome images. In order to maintain quality of the given cover image as well as the visibility of inserted watermark, calculation of scaling and embedding factors is automated using the content of cover image. The performance of the proposed watermarking algorithm is tested with different types of greyscale/colour images and the results show the efficiency of the proposed work. The visibility of embossed watermark is evident from the results obtained without much degradation in quality of the underlying cover image. The statistical observations further strengthen the claim.

We present a patented apparatus which consists of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source writing invisible patterns on thin tags of alkali halides. The tags written using this method are almost impossible to counterfeit, and offer a much better protection against fakes than the available anti-counterfeiting techniques. So far, we have used this invisible marking to tag electrical components, credit cards and containers of radioactive wastes. However, the protection level, the cost and the production yield associated with our technique suggest that the ideal fi eld of application is the traceability and the protection of artworks against fakes

Abstract— In This Paper we are going to purpose an efficient Watermarking Technique for Digital Media Content Protection and Copyright Protection. Watermarking is a technique to embed hidden and unnoticeable signal into digital media in such a way that if an intruder wants to copy ...

The growth of high speed computer networks and that of the Internet, in particular, has hiked the ease of Information Communication as well as the fear of getting it snooped at the same time. So, Information Security is becoming an inseparable part of Computing and ...

Ownership authentication and copyright protection of image has achieved a sharp attention due to easy and global availability of internet services. Illegal copying and misappropriation of digital image leads cyber crime in an epidemic form. Invisible watermarking technique is one of the leading solutions towards violation of ownership authentication problem without deteriorating the quality of the image. In spatial domain watermarking, a counterfeiter may not retrieve the watermark from watermarked image but the watermark can be destroyed if JPEG compression is performed on the watermarked image even at a very low level of compression and this is a very popular and easy way indeed for violating authentication of ownership. In this article a DCT based image watermarking framework is proposed to enhance the robustness of the watermark in the watermarked image against high level lossy JPEG compression. Several proposed watermark frameworks in last few years have considered binary watermarks and watermark pixels are directly embedded at the DCT coefficients of host images. Whereas in our proposed framework we have used color host images and grayscale watermarks and DCT is performed on both the host image and watermark image. Watermark frequencies are embedded in the DCT coefficients of several blocks of the host image. A secret key is used that determines the embedding blocks of the host image. Experimental result sets demonstrate that our proposed framework ensures the quality of watermarked image, perceptual invisibility of watermark in human visual system, robustness of watermark against high JPEG compression.

We present a patented apparatus which consists of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source writing invisible patterns on thin tags of alkali halides. The tags written using this method are almost impossible to counterfeit, and offer a much better protection against fakes than the available anti-counterfeiting techniques. So far, we have used this invisible marking to tag electrical components, credit cards and containers of radioactive wastes. However, the protection level, the cost and the production yield associated with our technique suggest that the ideal fi eld of application is the traceability and the protection of artworks against fakes

In this paper, a new robust watermarking scheme is presented. The algorithm is based on a chaotic function and a correlation method for detection, operating in the frequency domain. The proposed scheme is blind and comparing to other chaos related watermarking methods, experimental results exhibit satisfactory robustness against a wide variety of attacks such as filtering, noise addition, geometric manipulations and JPEG compression with very low quality factors. The scheme also outperforms traditional frequency domain embedding both in terms of robustness and quality.

In this paper, a new robust watermarking scheme is presented. The algorithm is based on a chaotic function and a correlation method for detection, operating in the frequency domain. The proposed scheme is blind and comparing to other chaos related watermarking methods, experimental results exhibit satisfactory robustness against a wide variety of attacks such as filtering, noise addition, geometric manipulations and JPEG compression with very low quality factors. The scheme also outperforms traditional frequency domain embedding both in terms of robustness and quality.

Abstract— In This Paper we are going to purpose an efficient Watermarking Technique for Digital Media Content Protection and Copyright Protection. Watermarking is a technique to embed hidden and unnoticeable signal into digital media in such a way that if an intruder wants to copy ...

The possibility of adding several watermarks to the same image would enable any interesting applications such as multimedia document tracing, data usage monitoring, Multiple property management. In this paper, we present a watermarking scheme which allows inserting and detecting multiple watermarks sequentially embedded into a digital image. The proposed method is based on elementary linear algebra, symmetric, secure under projection attack and robust against distortion due to basic operations such as storage, transmission, format conversion, etc.

The paper focuses on the counterfeiting of travel documents by identifying the safety elements. In this purpose, there are presented both new materials and manufacturing procedures of theses documents and the actual procedures of counterfeiting. There are also presented the specific methods of identifying and are analysed some case studies faced to their afferent specimens.

We present a patented apparatus which consists of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source writing invisible patterns on thin tags of alkali halides. The tags written using this method are almost impossible to counterfeit, and offer a much better protection against fakes than the available anti-counterfeiting techniques. So far, we have used this invisible marking to tag electrical components, credit cards and containers of radioactive wastes. However, the protection level, the cost and the production yield associated with our technique suggest that the ideal fi eld of application is the traceability and the protection of artworks against fakes

Transform domain methods have dominated the watermarking field from its early stages. In these methods some coefficients are selected and modified according to certain rules. The two most important numbers in this process are the length and the position of the watermark. These are usually heuristically chosen. In order to handle this problem, an adaptive scheme for the selection of the proper coefficients is analysed in the present communication. ‡ This work has been funded by a

Difference expansion (DE) has been widely used for reversible data hiding. In this work, a new DE based scheme is presented that uses consecutive, overlapping pairs, instead of the non-overlapping pairs or triads used by traditional DE derivatives. The scheme is superior to the existing approaches, both in capacity and PSNR terms. By applying multiple runs of the embedding process, a significant capacity gain is obtained at the expense of lower quality.

Most of the methods involved in transform domain watermarking perform very well in a great variety of attacks but fail miserably in the category of the attacks known as geometrical. Usually, even a small rotation or slight zoom in/out of the watermarked image, results to detection failure. These attacks can be modelled by means of the affine transform. There are some suggestions that cope with this problem and an overview of them is presented in this communication, along with a new improved solution to this.

A great number of digital watermarking approaches do exist, but it seems that transform domain watermarking dominates the field. The detection of such schemes is based on thresholds extracted by statistic rules on which the method relies. In this work, we propose an improved detector for such techniques. It extends the traditional schemes by taking into account the similarity diagrams that are widely used until now as an evidence of the watermarks existence and uniqueness. r

The wide use of digital media during the past few years, has led to an increase of digital piracy and tampering. To deal with these problems, the concept of watermarking has been introduced. The image is being altered and depending on the method used, these alterations can be from very slight to quite noticeable. We propose here a new scheme that identifies image tampering without altering the original image. To achieve that, we extract some unique information from the image that we use for authentication.

In this paper, a new robust watermarking scheme is presented. The algorithm is based on a chaotic function and a correlation method for detection, operating in the frequency domain. The proposed scheme is blind and comparing to other chaos related watermarking methods, experimental results exhibit satisfactory robustness against a wide variety of attacks such as filtering, noise addition, geometric manipulations and JPEG compression with very low quality factors. The scheme also outperforms traditional ...

This work is about a data hiding technique based on the modification of the image histogram. It is fully reversible, that means, the original image can be recovered from the marked image, after the hidden data has been extracted. The technique was first presented by Zhicheng Ni et al. It has large embedding capacity, with very good signal–to–noise ratio (PSNR) of the marked image. PSNR is guaranteed to be above 48dB and the actual threshold is much higher than this. The algorithm has successfully been applied to a large ...

This report is about a data hiding technique based on the modification of the image histogram. It is fully reversible, that means, the original image can be recovered from the marked image, after the hidden data has been extracted. The technique was first presented by Zhicheng Ni et al. It has large embedding capacity, with very good signal -to -noise ratio (PSNR) of the marked image. PSNR is guaranteed to be above 48dB and the actual threshold is much higher than this. The algorithm has successfully been applied to a large number of images. It is also proved that it is a weak embedding algorithm, in which the message embedded is easily damaged by any alteration of the marked image. However, such data hiding techniques have a large number of applications in the areas of image authentication, tamper -proofing and secure medical image data systems.

The main objective of the study was to determine the factors affecting control of counterfeit products in Kenya, with specific reference to the Anti Counterfeit Agency. The specific objectives were to establish the effects of staff training, government policy, leadership style, cost factors and information technology on product counterfeit control systems in Kenya. This study will be significant to the management of Anti Counterfeit Agency, management of other public institutions and other scholars.
The study adopted a descriptive research design. The design was preferred because it is concerned with answering questions such as who, what, which, how, when and how much. The study covered a population of 52 employees and used census where the entire target population formed the sample size. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for analysis and data was presented in tables and figures.
The findings of the research indicated that government policy affects control of counterfeit products in Kenya at 94% while 6% disagreed. The findings of the research indicated that staff training affects control of counterfeit products in Kenya at 87% while 13% disagreed. The study also showed that leadership style affects control of counterfeit products in Kenya at 90% while 10% disagreed. Seventy five percent of the respondents agreed that information technology affect control of counterfeit products in Kenya while 25% disagreed. From the analysis 81% of the respondents indicated that cost factors affects control of counterfeit products in Kenya while 19% of them disagreed.
The study recommends that the judicial enforcement of anti-counterfeit laws in Kenya and the administrative measures employed to enforce anti-counterfeits laws in Kenya should be published and sensitized to the business community for awareness and action. Deliberate measures are needed to increase organization staff competence to be able to handle matters better which surround quality control. Anti-counterfeit agency needs to adopt a culture which cannot be compromised. They need o implement best approaches to deal with counterfeiting which includes have high ethical standards and best code of conduct by employees. It is therefore important to have enough budget allocation and personnel to carry out their roles.

Piracy in terms of digital multimedia may be defined as snooping or plagiarism of video, audio or text. Although digital data have many advantages over analogue data, the rightful ownership of the digital data source is at of risk. The copyright protection for digital media becomes an important issue of piracy [1]. Invisible watermarks are a new technology which could solve the " problem " of enforcing the copyright of content transmitted across shared networks. They allow a copyright holder to insert a hidden message (invisible watermark) within images, moving pictures, sound files, and even raw text [2]. In this paper we will be reviewing the different invisible watermarking techniques for thwarting the piracy of digital multimedia. We will also be going further discussingLSB (least significant bit) algorithm which is one of the preeminent techniques for averting piracy in digital multimedia world.

Difference expansion (DE) has been widely used for reversible data hiding. In this work, a new DE based scheme is presented that uses consecutive, overlapping pairs, instead of the non-overlapping pairs or triads used by traditional DE derivatives. The scheme is superior to the existing approaches, both in capacity and PSNR terms. By applying multiple runs of the embedding process, a significant capacity gain is obtained at the expense of lower quality.

This work is about a data hiding technique based on the modification of the image histogram. It is fully reversible, that means, the original image can be recovered from the marked image, after the hidden data has been extracted. The technique was first presented by Zhicheng Ni et al. It has large embedding capacity, with very good signal–to–noise ratio (PSNR) of the marked image. PSNR is guaranteed to be above 48dB and the actual threshold is much higher than this. The algorithm has successfully been applied to a large ...

This work is about a data hiding technique based on the modification of the image histogram. It is fully reversible, that means, the original image can be recovered from the marked image, after the hidden data has been extracted. The technique was first presented by Zhicheng Ni et al. It has large embedding capacity, with very good signal–to–noise ratio (PSNR) of the marked image. PSNR is guaranteed to be above 48dB and the actual threshold is much higher than this. The algorithm has successfully been applied to a large ...

In the past decade internet worked perfectly with distribution of the digital data for pictures, music and videos. Although digital data have many advantages over analogue data, the rightful ownership of the digital data source is at of risk. The copyright protection for digital media becomes an important issue of piracy. Watermarking is a very important field for copyrights of various electronic documents and multimedia. This paper presents a digital forensic watermarking method for authorization against copying or piracy of digital video. The core idea is to use biometric generated keys in the embedding process of watermark. The host video is first randomized by Heisenberg decomposition and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The invisible watermark is embedded in the I-frame of the host video. The watermarks are embedded in the least significant bit (LSB) of the each block. The forensic watermark provides “The Chain of Custody” throughout the life cycle of the video distribution. The experimental result of test sequence demonstrates that the proposed work gives high security and robustness

The emergence and proliferation of email, mobile communication devices, internet chatrooms, shared virtual environments, advanced tele-conferencing platforms and other telecommunication systems underline the importance of developing measurement methods that are sensitive to the human experience with these systems. In this paper, we discuss the concepts of social presence and connectedness as complementary notions, each relating to a different set of media properties that serve distinct communication needs ...

We present a patented apparatus which consists of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source writing invisible patterns on thin tags of alkali halides. The tags written using this method are almost impossible to counterfeit, and offer a much better protection against fakes than the available anti-counterfeiting techniques. So far, we have used this invisible marking to tag electrical components, credit cards and containers of radioactive wastes. However, the protection level, the cost and the production yield associated with our technique suggest that the ideal fi eld of application is the traceability and the protection of artworks against fakes

The Watermarking techniques represent actually a very important issue in digital multimedia content distribution. To protect digital multimedia content we embed an invisible watermark into images which facilitate the detection of different manipulations, duplication, illegitimate distributions of these images. In this paper we present an approach to embedding invisible watermarks into color images using a robust transform of images that is the Radial symmetry transform. The watermark is inserted in blocs of eight pixels large of the blue channel using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of these blocs and those of the radial symmetry transform. The insertion in the blue channel is justified when we know that many works states that the human visual system is less sensible to perturbation in the blue channel of the image. Results obtained after tests show that the imperceptibility of the watermark using this approach is good and its robustness face to different attacks leads to think that the proposed approach is a very promising one.

Most of the methods involved in transform domain watermarking perform very well in a great variety of attacks but fail miserably in the category of the attacks known as geometrical. Usually, even a small rotation or slight zoom in/out of the watermarked image, results to detection failure. These attacks can be modelled by means of the affine transform. There are some suggestions that cope with this problem and an overview of them is presented in this communication, along with a new improved solution to this.

The wide use of digital media during the past few years, has led to an increase of digital piracy and tampering. To deal with these problems, the concept of watermarking has been introduced. The image is being altered and depending on the method used, these alterations can be from very slight to quite noticeable. We propose here a new scheme that identifies image tampering without altering the original image. To achieve that, we extract some unique information from the image that we use for authentication.

In the paper, the effects of the imminent JPEG2000 compression standard on watermarking techniques are investigated. It is shown that the choice of different coding parameters affects the performance of transform domain watermarking techniques. Compression ratio is of course important but not the only parameter that a watermarking scheme should take into account.

This work is about a data hiding technique based on the modification of the image histogram. It is fully reversible, that means, the original image can be recovered from the marked image, after the hidden data has been extracted. The technique was first presented by Zhicheng Ni et al. It has large embedding capacity, with very good signal–to–noise ratio (PSNR) of the marked image. PSNR is guaranteed to be above 48dB and the actual threshold is much higher than this. The algorithm has successfully been applied to a large ...

Difference expansion (DE) has been widely used for reversible data hiding. In this work, a new DE based scheme is presented that uses consecutive, overlapping pairs, instead of the non-overlapping pairs or triads used by traditional DE derivatives. The scheme is superior to the existing approaches, both in capacity and PSNR terms. By applying multiple runs of the embedding process, a significant capacity gain is obtained at the expense of lower quality.

A great number of digital watermarking approaches do exist, but it seems that transform domain watermarking dominates the field. The detection of such schemes is based on thresholds extracted by statistic rules on which the method relies. In this work, we propose an improved detector for such techniques. It extends the traditional schemes by taking into account the similarity diagrams that are widely used until now as an evidence of the watermarks existence and uniqueness.

Transform domain methods have dominated the watermarking field from its early stages. In these methods some coefficients are selected and modified according to certain rules. The two most important numbers in this process are the length and the position of the watermark. These ...

L’OCSE in un rapporto del 2007 ha stimato un volume di beni contraffatti nel mercato internazionale del valore di circa 200 miliardi di dollari (vedi http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/12/38707619.pdf). C’è quindi la necessità di sviluppare ed adottare tecnologie innovative per l’anticontraffazione, capaci di garantire una protezione e/o una tracciabilità sicure per svariati tipi di oggetti, tra cui p.es. articoli commerciali o artistici,
documenti forensi, componentistica strategica (come microprocessori in campo automobilistico/aeronautico, civile e militare), prodotti farmaceutici, banconote, carte di identità/credito/debito, rifiuti speciali, Beni Culturali.
ENEA1 ha sviluppato un nuovo metodo di scrittura invisibile tramite litografia su materiale otticamente attivo. Si tratta di una tecnica innovativa, che può essere utilizzata da sola oppure ad integrazione dei sistemi anticontraffazione disponibili sul mercato. Il sistema brevettato da ENEA realizza marcature con coefficiente di sicurezza scalabile secondo le esigenze del cliente, fino ad etichette praticamente impossibili da imitare.

We present a recently patented apparatus which consists of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source writing invisible patterns on thin tags of alkali halides. The tags patterned using this method are almost impossible to counterfeit, and offer a much better protection against fakes than available anti-counterfeiting techniques. We will discuss if this novel technology is ready for industrial production of anti-counterfeiting tags

"LE TECNICHE DI TRATTAMENTO A LIVELLO NANOMETRICO POSSONO ESSERE UTILIZZATE IN SVARIATI SETTORI
APPLICATIVI, NON NECESSARIAMENTE SOLO DI COMPONENTISTICA INDUSTRIALE. ESISTONO, PER ESEMPIO, INTERESSANTI APPLICAZIONI NELL’AGROALIMENTARE,
RIGUARDANTI L’ANTICONTRAFFAZIONE, IL CONTROLLO
DEGLI ALIMENTI, IL MIGLIORAMENTO DELLE PROPRIETÀ DI ALCUNI SPECIFICI MATERIALI."

We present a patented apparatus which consists of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source writing invisible patterns on thin tags of alkali halides. The tags written using this method are almost impossible to counterfeit, and offer a much better protection against fakes than the available anti-counterfeiting techniques.
So far, we have used this invisible marking to tag electrical components, credit cards and containers of radioactive wastes. However, the protection level, the cost and the production yield associated with our technique suggest that the ideal field of application is the traceability and the protection of artworks against fakes""

Abstract–In this work, a new blind watermarking scheme in frequency domain is presented. The proposed scheme is based on a chaotic function for embedding, and a correlation method for detection. Three-dimensional maps of PSNR and correlation are used for better selection of embedding parameters according to a quality threshold. The scheme shows increased robustness against JPEG compression and cropping.

ABSTRACT The wide use of digital media during the past few years, has led to an increase of digital piracy and tampering. To deal with these problems, the concept of watermarking has been introduced. The image is being altered and depending on the method used, these alterations can be from very slight to quite noticeable. We propose here a new scheme that identifies image tampering without altering the original image. To achieve that, we extract some unique information from the image that we use for authentication.

Abstract In this paper, a new reversible watermarking scheme resistant to geometrical attacks is presented. The proposed scheme does not need the original image for extracting the watermark, and induces not noticeable distortion during the watermarking procedure. The embedding algorithm has low computational complexity, can be applied to very small images (down to 16 x 16), and provides capabilities of multicasting.