Internet Service Provider

This document describes the experiences of Comcast, a large cable broadband Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the U.S., in a Proactive Network Provider Participation for P2P (P4P) technical trial in July 2008. This trial used P4P iTracker technology, which is being considered by the IETF as part of the Application Layer Transport Optimization (ALTO) working group. This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Within the rapidly evolving landscape of digital governance, a stark dichotomy emerges between two global powerhouses: the United States and Russia, whose contrasting approaches not only shape the future of government-citizen interaction but also bear profound implications for safeguarding fundamental human rights in the digital age.
Both countries have established legal frameworks to develop digital government systems, but there are notable similarities and differences in how they address human rights concerns within this context. This topic necessitates a comprehensive analysis of their respective legal foundations and practices.

O artigo publicado no site Consultor Jurídico (CONJUR) aborda um dos pontos mais delicados do Marco Civil da Internet: a divergência entre os prazos de guarda de dados previstos na lei e os prazos prescricionais do Código Civil e do Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Essa incongruência pode comprometer o direito à reparação civil, gerar insegurança para provedores e dificultar o acesso à justiça das vítimas de ilícitos praticados online.

The role of HRM has changed altogether from a traditional (popularly called personnel management) to a strategic one. Most medium and large scale organizations spend large amounts of money and reserves on HR software, but unfortunately many of them utilize it only for HR administrative purposes rather than for effective and efficient human resource management. Closing the HRM technology gap has significant long-term benefits to the organization, above and beyond the support it can provide to HRM. To this end, the crucial first step is to understand the different perspectives in HRM, and the interactions among these perspectives. By perspective is meant a particular view of information, which leads to a particular set of decisions over the information. This study aims to investigate the impact of the IT determinants of adopting E-HRM on the extent use of E-HRM in Egyptian organizations and the advantages they derive from the implementation of the same in the Human Resource Management (HRM) functions. Primary data was collected by means of questionnaires from 128 senior and junior HR executives/managers in four organizations in Egypt. It was found that the greatest determinants of E-HRM has its impact on the extent use of E-HRM that in turn has its impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the whole organization.

Resumo: A proliferação de fake news, discursos de ódio e a manipulação da informação na era digital exigem uma constante reavaliação do arcabouço legal que regula o funcionamento da internet. Neste contexto, o presente artigo analisa a responsabilidade civil dos provedores de internet à luz do Marco Civil da Internet (MCI), buscando identificar desafios e propor soluções para um ambiente digital mais ético e transparente. A pesquisa, que é dogmática com revisão de literatura, demonstra que, embora o MCI tenha sido um marco importante para a regulação da internet no Brasil, suas disposições encontram dificuldades para acompanhar a rápida evolução tecnológica e as novas práticas de manipulação da informação. Diante desse cenário, o estudo propõe uma revisão do regime de responsabilidade civil dos provedores, com o objetivo de fortalecer a proteção dos direitos dos usuários, garantir a neutralidade da rede e promover um ambiente digital que favoreça a liberdade de expressão, o acesso à informação e a pluralidade de vozes. A pesquisa conclui que a adequação do MCI aos desafios contemporâneos é fundamental para preservar a democracia e garantir um futuro digital mais justo e equitativo.

Internet traffic prediction is needed to allocate and deallocate the resources dynamically and to provide the QoS (quality of service) to the end-user. Because of recent technological trends in networking SDN (Software Defined Network) is becoming a new standard. There is a huge change in network traffic loads of data centers, which may lead to under or over-utilization of network resources in data centers. We can allocate or deallocate the resources of the network by predicting future traffic with greater accuracy. In this paper, we applied two machine learning models, i.e., AR (autoregressive) and ARIMA (Autoregressive integrated moving average) to predict the SDN traffic. The SDN traffic is viewed as a time series. And we showed that the prediction accuracy of ARIMA is higher than the AR in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between the five dimensions of Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence (EI) on business undergrad students, using a scale to tap the construct. The methodology is divided into 3 stages: confirmatory analysis to validate the questionnaire, the core of the research which is the exploratory analysis of emotional intelligence factors on Brazilian undergrad students, and closing with a proposal of classification model to identify the EI profile of individuals according to the EI sub-factors found in the previous stage of the research. A convenience sample of 129 cases from a population of 250 was collected from the population of business undergrad students at a university located in São Paulo State, Brazil. The research identified that each of the five EI factors proposed by Goleman was empirically segmented into significative sub-factors without losing the original roots. Moreover, the building of a classification model according to the EI sub-factors can be used to evaluate the student’s profile from time to time, during their school journey. Besides recognizing the significance of EI in business education, it provides a reference point for more in-depth analyses of EI factors. With the proper knowledge of the students’ emotional traits, the teachers can better understand their behavior profile and thus, will be able to get the most of them in the classes.

We present a security ontology (SO), which can be used as a basis of security management of an arbitrary information system. This SO provides capabilities, such as modeling of risk assessment knowledge, abstraction of security requirements, reusable security knowledge interoperability, aggregation and reasoning. The SO is based on the exploitation of securityrelated knowledge, derived h om diverse sources. We demonstrate that the establishment of such a framework is feasible and, furthermore, that a SO can support critical security activities of an expert, e.g. security requirements identification, as well as selection of certain countermeasures. We also present and discuss an implementation of a specific SO. The implementation is accompanied by results regarding how a SO can be built and populated with security information.

Il presente elaborato per il corso di Diritto dell'Informazione (Università di Pisa) analizza il caso dello “stupro di Piacenza” del 2022, con particolare attenzione alle implicazioni giuridiche derivanti dalla diffusione mediatica del video dell’accaduto. L’episodio, inizialmente circoscritto alla cronaca locale, ha assunto rilevanza nazionale a causa della pubblicazione – talvolta senza censure – da parte di diverse testate giornalistiche e della sua condivisione sui social media, anche da parte di esponenti politici, in un contesto di campagna elettorale. L’analisi integra strumenti di social media listening per rilevare correlazioni tra l’interesse online e il dibattito politico, evidenziando come il caso si configuri come di “interesse del pubblico” piuttosto che di “interesse pubblico”.
Sono approfondite le conseguenze civili e penali legate alla diffusione di contenuti lesivi della privacy e dell’onore, richiamando le norme del Codice Penale, della legge sulla stampa, del Testo Unico dei doveri del giornalista e del GDPR. Viene inoltre affrontata la responsabilità giuridica di giornalisti, direttori responsabili, editori e utenti dei social network, distinguendo tra pubblicazione e condivisione di contenuti censurati o non censurati. Le conclusioni sottolineano come la sovraesposizione mediatica abbia violato il diritto all’oblio delle persone coinvolte, trasformandole in soggetti di notorietà non desiderata.

Η χρήση ασύρματων συσκευών και δικτύων γνωρίζει μεγάλη εξάπλωση στις μέρες μας λόγο των μεγάλων πλεονεκτημάτων που προσφέρει στους τελικούς χρήστες. Ωστόσο οι κινητοί χρήστες περιορίζονται από την παρεχόμενη κάλυψη δικτύου του εκάστοτε παρόχου, τις χρησιμοποιούμενες τεχνολογίες πρόσβασης και τις δυνατότητες της κινητής συσκευής που χρησιμοποιούν. Επιπλέον, οι κινητοί χρήστες είναι αναγκασμένοι να συμμετάσχουν σε χρονοβόρες, μη ευέλικτες διαδικασίες προκειμένου να υπογράψουν ανελαστικά, μακράς διάρκειας συμβόλαια παροχής υπηρεσιών. Η πλειοψηφία των διατιθέμενων υπηρεσιών πρόσβασης καθορίζει συγκεκριμένες παραμέτρους στην ποιότητα της υπηρεσίας και προϋποθέτει την ύπαρξη συμφωνίας με τον πάροχο υπηρεσιών. Αυτό είχε ως συνέπεια την εξάπλωση πολλαπλών πρωτοκόλλων, τεχνολογιών και μεθόδων πρόσβασης με ανεξάρτητους μηχανισμούς κοστολόγησης κάτι που αποτελεί τροχοπέδη στην εξάπλωση των επιχειρήσεων παροχής υπηρεσιών διαδικτύου. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή προτείνεται ένα πρωτότυπο πλαίσιο το οποίο...

On 27 May 2016, the Florence School of Regulation Communications and Media (FSR C&M) held its seventh Annual Conference. Following the adoption of the new Digital Agenda by the European Commission in May 2015, the event sought to look at 'Europe and the Others' to discuss whether the European Union has put in place the correct policies so as to seize the opportunities offered by the digital economy. The Conference was divided into three sessions, which dealt respectively with (i) experiences of other jurisdictions and the lessons to be drawn with respect to broadband deployment, the use of mobile technologies and data protection in the online world; (ii) risks and opportunities facing the European electronic communications sector in the near future and insights for reshaping and modernising European regulation; and (iii) challenges related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and online platforms. The event gathered different stakeholders together, which included representatives from National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs), international organisations, academia, and industry, as well as law and consulting firms. The diversity of views ensured a lively debate. While participants agreed on various issues, the discussion revealed the need for further research on those issues that have as yet not been sufficiently explored. This policy brief summarises the main points raised during the discussion and seeks to stimulate further debate.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) are used all over Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and the need to know and understand its adoption and usage arises. However, there is a lack of information about how LMSs are being used, which are the most adopted, whether there is a country adoption standard and which countries use more LMSs. A research team is developing a project that tries to fill this lack of information and provide the needed answers. With this purpose, on a first phase, it a survey was taken place. The results of this ...

The question of our study is how to provision a diffserv (differentiated service) intra-net serving three classes of traffic, i.e., voice, real-time data (e.g. stock quotes), and best-effort data. Each class of traffic requires a different level of QoS (Quality of Service) guarantee. For VoIP the primary QoS requirements are delay and loss; for realtime data response-time. Given a network configuration and anticipated workload of a business intra-net, we use ns-2 simulations to determine the minimum capacity requirements that dominate total cost of the intranet. To ensure that it is worthwhile converging different traffic classes or deploying diffserv, we cautiously examine capacity requirements in three sets of experiments: three traffic classes in i) three dedicated networks, ii) one network without diffserv support , and iii) one network with diffserv support. We find that for the business intra-net of our study, integration without diffserv may need considerable over-provisioning depending on the fraction of real-time data in the network. In addition, we observe significant capacity savings in the diffserv case; thus conclude that deploying diffserv is advantageous. The relations we find give rise to, as far as we know, the first rule of thumb on provisioning a diffserv network for increasing real-time data.

The metrics and measurements play a crucial role in the whole lifecycle of telecommunication networks. The number of metrics being considered for modern telecommunication systems supporting digital or computing infrastructures has grown exponentially. It requires sophisticated systems for the metrics management which are under development by the industry consortia. For many research tasks, it would be sufficient to identify a relatively small number of recommended metrics to achieve more consistent evaluations of the system performance. There are still many unsolved problems in this area including defining the optimum modeling strategies and the metrics optimality. This paper explores a landscape of the most commonly used telecommunication and computing metrics to illuminate what metrics are available.

This research project has been submitted for examinations with my approval as university supervisor. Signature……………………………….Date…………………………………………. I wish to sincerely express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who contributed directly or indirectly, in whatever level towards the successful completion of this project. I offer ultimate thanks to God for answering my prayer and guiding me towards the completion of MBA course .My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr. Kamau Mwangi for the valuable comments, insights, and for guiding me patiently through the intricacies of my study. Other gratitude goes to my family, Dad Joshua Abade ,sister Quinter Abade, friends and colleagues for their unfailing believe in me, patience, support and encouragement during my studies.

Under multi-homing an Internet Service Provider (ISP) connects to the Internet via multiplicity of network providers. This allows the provider to receive proper quality of service when one of the networks fails. An ISP that uses multihoming is subject to extra charges due to the use of multiple networks. Such extra costs can be very drastic under fixed cost pricing and non-meaningful under per-usage pricing. This work deals with the question of how large are these costs under top-percentile pricing, a relatively new and popular pricing regime. We provide a general formulation of this problem as well as its probabilistic analysis, and derive the expected cost faced by the ISP. We numerically examine several typical scenarios and demonstrate that despite the fact that this pricing aims at the peak traffic of the ISP (similarly to fixed cost), the bandwidth cost of multi-homing is not much higher than that of single-homing.

There have been several approaches to the problem of provisioning traffic engineering between core network nodes in Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. Such approaches aim to minimize network delay, increase capacity, and enhance security services between two core (relay) network nodes, an ingress node and an egress node. MATE (Multipath Adaptive Traffic Engineering) has been proposed for multipath adaptive traffic engineering between an ingress node (source) and an egress node (destination) to distribute the network flow among multiple disjoint paths. Its novel idea is to avoid network congestion and attacks that might exist in edge and node disjoint paths between two core network nodes. This paper aims to develop an adaptive, robust, and reliable traffic engineering scheme to improve performance and reliability of communication networks. This scheme will also provision Quality of Server (QoS) and protection of traffic engineering to maximize network efficiency. Specifically, S-MATE (secure MATE) is proposed to protect the network traffic between two core nodes (routers, switches, etc.) in a cloud network. S-MATE secures against a single link attack/failure by adding redundancy in one of the operational redundant paths between the sender and receiver nodes. It is also extended to secure against multiple attacked links. The proposed scheme can be applied to secure core networks such as optical and IP networks.

Recently there has been much interest in combining the speed of layer-2 switching with the features of layer-3 routing. This has been prompted by numerous proposals, including: IP Switching [1], Tag Switching [2], ARIS [3], CSR [4], and IP over ATM [5]. In this paper, we study IP Switching and evaluate the performance claims made by Newman et al in [1] and [6]. In particular, using ten network traces, we study how well IP Switching performs with traffic found in campus, corporate, and Internet Service Provider (ISP) environments. Our main finding is that IP Switching will lead to a high proportion of datagrams that are switched; over 75% in all of the environments we studied. We also investigate the effects that different flow classifiers and various timer values have on performance, and note that some choices can result in a large VC space requirement. Finally, we present recommendations for the flow classifier and timer values, as a function of the VC space of the switch and the n...

IPSec (IP security) technology is used to protect the local computer networks and the internet from attacks. The most illustrious attacks against networks are the replay attacks where IPSec technology introduces a solution called sliding window through which the packets will be protected. This window involves packets each has a distinct sequence number. This sequence number prevents replay attacks. But, there is a problem related to this solution: when the packet is received late it will be discarded whether it was good or forged. This usually causes a big losses in the good packets. In this paper, the researcher discusses the use of the dynamic sliding window which is a window added to the original one. This window keeps most of the good packets that have been discarded (reorder packets) and which comes before the original window. The dynamic window moves automatically with the original window. This dynamic window makes the modified protocol introduce the best solution which is more efficient than the original protocol since it keeps a large set of good reorder packets. It has been found that the dynamic window saves more than %85 of the reorder packets.

Dal 2016, la letteratura scientifica ha registrato una drastica crescita dell’interesse per il tema delle fake news e ha dimostrato la responsabilità dei progettisti nel supportare fenomeni di polarizzazione. L’applicazione malevola di principi di psicologia cognitiva alla progettazione delle interfacce digitali, detta deceptive design, persegue la manipolazione dell’utente e gioca un ruolo chiave nella diffusione delle fake news: questo contributo offre un insieme di strumenti utili all’identificazione di notizie false, testati in fase di popolazione del database di news per l’addestramento di un algoritmo di verifica nell’ambito del progetto Fake News.

Avvocato e Ricercatore di Diritto privato SINTESI a) Avvento di internet e crisi del diritto Con l'avvento dell'informatica di rete (anche detta telematica), e di internet in particolare, sono emerse nuove dimensioni spazio/temporali ed e `cambiato radicalmente il modo in cui l'uomo si relaziona con i prodotti, con le informazioni, con i suoi simili e con se ´stesso; il che ha determinato una vera e propria ''crisi'' dell'ordinamento giuridico. ''Tecnica'' e ''crisi'' del diritto privato

The stuff of internet users increasing with the every moment of time, due to this huge lead of traffic grows on the wide area networks. Some users have crime category behavior and have attitudes of criminals like hacking the site, blocking the mail, chatting unauthorized users etc. Every service provider wants to increase his traffic share and way, which creates the competition among the providers. Simulation study is performing to analysis the better proportion of traffic by the users.

The stuff of internet users increasing with the every moment of time, due to this huge lead of traffic grows on the wide area networks. Some users have crime category behavior and have attitudes of criminals like hacking the site, blocking the mail, chatting unauthorized users etc. Every service provider wants to increase his traffic share and way, which creates the competition among the providers. Simulation study is performing to analysis the better proportion of traffic by the users.

Naldi (2002) presented a Markov chain model based analysis for the user's behaviour in a simple scenario of two competitors. The model is applied to predict influence of both parameters (blocking probability and initial preference) on the traffic distribution between the operators. It is also shown that smaller blocking competitors can be benefited from call-by-call basis assumption. In this paper this criteria of Call-by-call attempt is converted into two call attempts and new mathematical results are derived. A comparative study between call-attempts is made with Naldi (2002) expressions. It is found that, by two-call attempt model, the operator gains more traffic than one-call attempt.

Naldi presented a Markov chain model based analysis for the user's behaviour in a simple scenario of two competitors. The model is applied to predict influence of both parameters (blocking probability and initial preference) on the traffic distribution between the operators. It is also shown that smaller blocking competitors can be benefited from call-by-call basis assumption. In this paper this criteria of Call-by-call attempt is converted into two call attempts and new mathematical results are derived. A comparative study between call-attempts is made with Naldi [1] expressions. It is found that, by twocall attempt model, the operator gains more traffic than one-call attempt.

Resumen: Se muestra la evolución experimentada por los primeros buscadores, índices y proveedores de servicios internet hacia su conversión en portales, los cuales se pueden clasificar en portales generales, verticales y corporativos. Se analizan algunas de sus características diferenciadoras y la razón de su presencia en internet, así como los principales elementos que favorecen su éxito, entre los que destaca la generación de contenidos, creación de comunidades virtuales, la potenciación de la fidelización del usuario y el desarrollo del comercio electrónico.

Keçeci Layout is a deterministic node layout algorithm designed for graph visualization in Python. Its primary purpose is to position the nodes of a graph in a predefined, sequential, and repeatable manner. The algorithm processes nodes sequentially, placing them along a user-defined primary axis (e.g., top-down or left-to-right) while applying an offset on the secondary axis in a zigzag pattern. This zigzag pattern helps prevent node overlaps while maintaining an orderly structure. The function is designed to be compatible with popular Python graph libraries, including NetworkX, Rustworkx, igraph, Networkit, and Graphillion (via GraphSet objects). It takes a graph object from one of these libraries as input, processes the nodes (usually by sorting their IDs), and returns a Python dictionary mapping each node's identifier (in the library-specific format) to its calculated (x, y) coordinates. Users can customize the node spacing along the primary and secondary axes (`primary_spacing`, `secondary_spacing`), the main direction of the layout (`primary_direction`), and the starting side of the zigzag pattern (`secondary_start`) through parameters. This regular and predictable structure is useful, particularly when the order of nodes is significant or when a simple, aesthetically pleasing, and easily traceable graph visualization is desired. Keçeci Layout is a deterministic node layout algorithm designed for graph visualization in Python. Its primary purpose is to position the nodes of a graph in a predefined, sequential, and repeatable manner. The algorithm processes nodes sequentially, placing them along a user-defined primary axis (e.g., top-down or left-to-right) while applying an offset on the secondary axis in a zigzag pattern. This zigzag pattern helps prevent node overlaps while maintaining an orderly structure. The function is designed to be compatible with popular Python graph libraries, including NetworkX, Rustworkx, igraph, Networkit, and Graphillion (via GraphSet objects). It takes a graph object from one of these libraries as input, processes the nodes (usually by sorting their IDs), and returns a Python dictionary mapping each node's identifier (in the library-specific format) to its calculated (x, y) coordinates. Users can customize the node spacing along the primary and secondary axes (`primary_spacing`, `secondary_spacing`), the main direction of the layout (`primary_direction`), and the starting side of the zigzag pattern (`secondary_start`) through parameters. This regular and predictable structure is useful, particularly when the order of nodes is significant or when a simple, aesthetically pleasing, and easily traceable graph visualization is desired.

Com o advento do Marco Civil da Internet (MCI), houve um inegável avanço na regulamentação de temas relacionados ao ambiente digital, sobretudo no que tange ao estabelecimento de regras voltadas à proteção do direito à privacidade do usuário de internet. Com o objetivo então de privilegiar a liberdade de expressão, o MCI adotou como regra o modelo de judicial notice and takedown, que impõe a responsabilização civil das plataformas digitais somente após o descumprimento de notificação judicial determinando a remoção do conteúdo reputado ilícito, em contraposição ao sistema de notice and takedown, que vinha sendo aplicado pela jurisprudência brasileira. Essa inovação legislativa suscitou críticas, já que a exigência de ordem judicial prévia torna o processo de retirada de conteúdos ofensivos mais lento e burocrático, comprometendo a rápida proteção dos direitos fundamentais das vítimas. Tal controvérsia chegou, assim, ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) por meio do Recurso Extraordinário (RE) nº 1.037.396/SP, Tema 987 da repercussão geral, cujo julgamento, ainda pendente, terá um papel crucial na definição dos limites da responsabilidade civil das plataformas digitais no Brasil. Nesse contexto, este artigo se propõe a analisar a (in)constitucionalidade do artigo 19 da Lei nº 12.965/2014, que condiciona a responsabilização civil dos provedores de aplicações ao descumprimento de ordem judicial específica. A pesquisa segue uma abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e no exame do voto já disponível, eletronicamente, do Ministro Dias Toffoli, relator do caso no STF.

The eBusiness environment has been undergoing constant transformation in the last decade, creating new opportunities for all kinds of business to be carried out. The IST project VISP (Virtual ISP) is developing a software platform to support the collaboration of small companies in a cluster of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) so that they can provide tailored niche services over the Internet in competition with larger telecommunication companies. This paper investigates the relevant business process management and workflow standards that may be used in the implementation of this software platform. The standards are evaluated and their applicability for VISP discussed.

En España existe una amplia oferta de empresas proveedoras de Internet (ISP). Con este panorama resulta extremadamente difícil para los clientes elegir el proveedor. Por tanto, este trabajo trata de analizar los factores que contribuyen a la elección de proveedor de servicios de Internet por parte de los clientes. Para ello, se ha utilizado una muestra de jóvenes universitarios a los que se han analizado sus preferencias. Los jóvenes universitarios generalmente constituyen un grupo representativo de las tendencias en este sector. Además, para analizar el comportamiento de los clientes se utiliza por primera vez el análisis conjunto. Nuestros resultados muestran que el precio y la posibilidad de obtener un terminal móvil son los dos atributos más valorados. Por el contrario, otros atributos como la permanencia o el número de megas no son muy tenidos en cuenta por los jóvenes a la hora de seleccionar al proveedor de Internet. Estos resultados proporcionan una información muy valiosa tanto para los usuarios como para las empresas del sector ISP. [EN] In Spain, there is a wide range of Internet Service Providers (ISP). Within this context, it is extremely difficult for consumers to determine which ISP is the most beneficial for them. Therefore, this article aims to identify the factors that most influence consumers' choice of ISP companies. The analysis of these factors is based the opinions of a sample of university students, who are generally considered to be representative of the trends taking place in the ISP sector. In addition, conjoint analysis is used for the first time to analyse consumers' preferences on the choice of ISP companies. Our results show that price and the inclusion of a mobile phone in the package are the two most valuable attributes for university students. Meanwhile, other attributes like the requirement to sign a fixed-term contract and data allowance in offer are not taken into account as much by university students when choosing an ISP. Therefore, our results may be highly valuable for both users and ISP brands.

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the evolving legal framework governing online copyright infringement within the European Union, while drawing comparative insights from the United Kingdom and the United States. It examines the legislative and judicial advancements introduced through pivotal directives such as the InfoSoc Directive, the DSM Directive, and the E-Commerce Directive, which collectively aim to balance the rights of copyright holders with digital freedoms and innovation. Central to the discussion are the rights of reproduction, communication to the public, and making available to the public, as interpreted by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), and their implications for intermediary liability.

The paper delves into complex and highly debated matters such as hyperlinking, temporary reproduction, anti-circumvention provisions, and the rise of a de facto strict liability framework for internet intermediaries, with particular emphasis on Article 17 of the DSM Directive. It conducts a comparative evaluation of harmonized legal regime of the European Union, more targeted enforcement approaches of the United Kingdom, and the regulatory model of the United States, characterized by safe harbour protections and an expansive application of the fair use principle.

In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the ongoing challenge of constructing a copyright enforcement model that is effective, proportionate, and adaptable—one that safeguards creative rights without stifling technological growth or undermining fundamental freedoms in the digital era.

VISP (Virtual Internet Service Provider) is an IST-STREP project, which is conducting research in the field of these new technologies, targeted to telecom/ISP companies. One of the first tasks of the VISP project is to identify the most appropriate technologies in order to construct the VISP platform. This paper presents the most significant results in the field of choreography and orchestration, two key domains that must accompany process modeling in the construction of a workflow environment.

Customer churn remains a significant area of concern in the telecommunications sector due to its high prevalence. As Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) gains traction, the field is witnessing heightened competition, especially with the integration of 5G technology, which serves dual purposes for cellular communications and FWA. This research delves into a comprehensive analysis of risk factors that impact churn via Random Survival Forests, the Cox regression model, and Kaplan-Meier Survival Plots. Our results indicate that fiber, sales zone (i.e., brand presence), age, speed, and discounts are some of the more important variables with regard to the cumulative hazard ratio. Although discounts were effective in many sales zones, their impact was diminished for more expensive internet services. The insights garnered provide a foundational basis for telecom providers to devise robust strategies to curtail customer churn over time, ensuring sustained growth and customer satisfaction in the burgeoning FWA market.

Kar amacli tuzel kisi olan sirketler gerek uluslararasi gerekse de ulusal duzeyde insan haklarinin sagladigi guvencelerden gittikce artan bir sekilde yararlanmaya calismaktadirlar. Şirketlerin, sozlesme ozgurlugu, adil yargilanma ve mulkiyet gibi haklardan yararlanirken, son yillarda ozel hayatin korunmasi ve din ozgurlugu gibi geleneksel olarak onlarla ozdeslesmeyen alanlarda da hak oznesi olma iddialarinda bulunduklarini gormekteyiz. Bu calisma, sirketlerin “insan” haklarinin oznesi olup olmayacaklari tartismasindan hareketle Avrupa Insan Haklari Mahkemesi, Amerikan Yuksek Mahkemesi ve Turk Anayasa Mahkemesinin sirketlerin hak ihlali iddialari karsisindaki tutumlarini incelemektedir. Calismada, sirketlerin korunmasi gereken haklari olmakla beraber bunlarin insan haklari baglaminda genisletilmesinin insan haklarinin korunmasi ve gelistirilmesine cok fazla katki yapmayacagi sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Faced with the challenge of distributing digital product in the digital realm, the American film industry is acutely aware of its increasing vulnerability to piracy and is currently considering two solutions to protect its copyrights-a legislative solution (e.g., the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998) and a technical solution (e.g., digital watermarking). We suggest that a better way of dealing with piracy is an economic solution, such as neutralizing piracy by reengineering the supply chain across all three sectors of the motion picture industry: distribution, exhibition, production. In distribution, the industry can make legitimate downloading of high-quality movie files easier and cheaper (than pirating) by strategically locating ''e-Blockbusters'' (i.e., digital movie libraries) at or near Internet service provider (ISP) sites and making them attractive through feasible pricing schemes. In exhibition, innovative digital theaters could offer virtual reality viewing experiences and flexible windowing systems that maximize revenue for each feature film. In production, work would be done primarily or entirely in the digital domain. Digital film reservoirs would provide universal naming and indexing functions for easy access, reuse, and extension, and the industry would achieve a new diversity of quality and quantity. In addition, dynamic cross-media convergence can be expected as a function of the complementarities created by content digitization. To prosper in the new digital economy, the motion picture industry must closely collaborate with the information industry to achieve a new supply chain rather than competing with it to the detriment of both.

This report examines the automation of critical IT operations through the use of shell scripting, aimed at improving system monitoring, resource management, and issue resolution. As a seasoned IT professional with expertise in network infrastructure and cloud solutions, I discuss how automation was leveraged to address key challenges such as monitoring critical alarms for 3G/4G devices, streamlining manual IP management, managing file system issues, preventing database user deletions, and mitigating downtime through cloud migration. By implementing custom shell scripts, significant time savings were achieved, resulting in increased operational efficiency and reduced system outages. Additionally, the migration of on-premises applications to the Azure cloud platform resolved ongoing infrastructure challenges, further enhancing system reliability and scalability. This report provides insights into how automation and cloud migration are revolutionizing modern IT management, offering organizations the ability to significantly reduce manual efforts, downtime, and operational costs while improving the overall performance and stability of their systems.

This paper presents a characterization of broadband user behavior from an Internet Service Provider standpoint. Users are broken into two major categories: residential and Small-Office/Home-Office (SOHO). For each user category, the characterization is performed along four criteria: (i) session arrival process, (ii) session duration, (iii) number of bytes transferred within a session and (iv) user request patterns. Our results show that both residential and SOHO session inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed. Whereas residential session arrival rates remain relatively high during the day, SOHO session arrival rates vary much more significantly during the day. On the other hand, a typical SOHO user session is longer and transfers a larger volume of data. Furthermore, our analysis uncovers two main groups of session request patterns within each user category. The first group consists of user sessions that use traditional Internet services, such as e-mail, instant messenger and, mostly, www services. On the other hand, sessions from the second group, a smaller group, use typically peer-to-peer file sharing applications, remain active for longer periods and transfer a large amount of data. Looking further into the e-business services most commonly accessed, we found that subscription-based and advertising services account for the vast majority of user HTTP requests in both residential and SOHO workloads. Understanding these user behavior patterns is important to the development of more efficient applications for broadband users.

There is a growing need for large-scale distribution of realtime multicast data such as Inter-29 net TV channels and scientific and financial data. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) face an 30 urgent challenge in supporting these services; they need to design multicast routing paths 31 that are reliable, cost-effective, and scalable. To meet the realtime constraint, the routing 32 paths need to be robust against a single IP router or link failure, as well as multiple such 33 failures due to sharing fiber spans (SRLGs). Several algorithms have been proposed to solve 34 this problem in the past. However, they are not suitable for today's large networks, because 35 either they do not find a feasible solution at all or if they do, they take a significant amount 36 of time to arrive at high-quality solutions. In this paper, we present a new Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model for designing a 38 cost-effective and robust multicast infrastructure. Our ILP model is extremely efficient and 39 can be extended to produce quality-guaranteed network paths. We develop two heuristic 40 algorithms for solving the ILP. Our algorithms can guarantee to find high-quality, feasible 41 solutions even for very large networks. We evaluate the proposed algorithms using topol-42 ogies of four operational backbones and demonstrate their scalability. We also compare the 43 capital expenditure of the resulting multicast designs with existing approaches. The eval-44 uation not only confirms the efficacy of our algorithms, but also shows that they outper-45 form existing schemes significantly. 46

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The performance and reliability of the internet depend in large part on properties of routing techniques. IP routing protocols nowadays compute paths based on the network configuration parameters and topology, missing view to the current traffic load on the routers and links. This paper discusses routing optimization using Genetic Algorithm (GA) then studies and analyzes the problems in order to increase routing performance in median networks. A genetic algorithm will be proposed in a detail to advise the performance of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing Protocol. The simulated results show that the probability of convergence to shortest path has been superior via momentary using GA in OSPF protocol.

This paper examines the role of Internet Service Providers as bridges and intermediaries between private persons, organisations and even government arms and the internet and the liabilities placed on them by the law with regard to wrongful acts of their subscribers or clients under the laws of Nigeria. It is common knowledge that actions against ISPs are commonest with defamation and infringement of copyright. The legal framework in the US and the UK are examined to determine if there are lessons to learn for Nigeria. The Nigerian legal framework also places some responsibilities on ISPs with regard to crime prevention and prosecution. This is because private rights are not yet much of an issue in the Nigerian cyberspace. The paper points out that much of the regulation governing ISPs liability in respect of civil matters do not have legislative power but are mere guidelines and suggests that the US and UK patterns have a lot to offer Nigeria.

This paper examines the role of Internet Service Providers as bridges and intermediaries between private persons, organizations even government arms and the Internet and the liabilities placed on them by the law with regard to wrongful acts of their subscribers or clients under the laws of Nigeria. It is common knowledge that actions againstISPs are commonest with defamation and infringement of copyright. The legal framework in theUSand the UKare examined to determine if there are lessons to learn for Nigeria. The Nigerian legal framework also places some responsibilities on ISPs with regard to crime prevention and prosecution. This is because private rights are not yet much of an issue in the Nigerian cyberspace. The paper points out that much of the regulation governingISPs liability in respect of civil matters do not have legislative power but are mere guidelines and suggests that theUSand UKpatterns have a lot to offer Nigeria.

La Collana editoriale "Studi per le Scienze Politiche" ('Collana Discipol') è stata istituita con lo scopo di valorizzare le attività di studio e ricerca che caratterizzano le aree scientifiche afferenti al Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche. Con questa Collana si intende, inoltre, condividere e sostenere scientificamente il progetto di Roma TrE-Press, che si propone di promuovere la cultura incentivando la ricerca e diffondendo la conoscenza mediante l'uso del formato digitale in open access.

O presente artigo analisa o quadro atual do direito à imagem diante da sociedade da informação. Distingue entre a responsabilidade por ato próprio e por ato de terceiro no que toca à colocação de conteúdo indevido na internet. Destaca que existem várias espécies de provedores de internet, existindo, igualmente, distinções no que toca à responsabilidade civil dos diversos provedores de internet: provedor de backbone, provedor de acesso, provedor de hospedagem, provedor de conteúdo, provedor de busca ou pesquisa e provedor de correio eletrônico. O texto estuda a responsabilidade civil dos provedores antes e depois da Lei 12.965/2014, incluindo as exceções feitas pela Lei 12.965/2014 ao regime geral de responsabilização dos provedores, ou seja, os direitos autorais e a pornografia de vingança. -chave: Direito à imagem. Direitos da personalidade. Responsabilidade civil. Internet. Provedores. 1 CHINELLATO, Silmara Juny de Abreu. Direitos da personalidade: o art. 20 do Código Civil e a biografia de pessoas notórias. In: CASSETTARI, Christiano (coord.). 10 anos de vigência do Código Civil brasileiro de 2002: estudos em homenagem ao professor Carlos

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa o quadro atual do direito à imagem diante da sociedade da informação. Distingue entre a responsabilidade por ato próprio e por ato de terceiro no que toca à colocação de conteúdo indevido na internet. Destaca que existem várias espécies de provedores de internet, existindo, igualmente, distinções no que toca à responsabilidade civil dos diversos provedores de internet: provedor de backbone, provedor de acesso, provedor de hospedagem, provedor de conteúdo, provedor de busca ou pesquisa e provedor de correio eletrônico. O texto estuda a responsabilidade civil dos provedores antes e depois da Lei 12.965/2014, incluindo as exceções feitas pela Lei 12.965/2014 ao regime geral de responsabilização dos provedores, ou seja, os direitos autorais e a pornografia de vingança.

Cloud computing is a rapidly developing information technology concept. Within a few years, cloud computing has become the fastest emerging technology. It is internet based computing software and resources are shared and information is provided to computers on demand. It is a low cost computing entity that uses the advanced business or service models such as SaaS(Software as Service), PaaS (Platform as Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as Service) and deployment models such as Public, Private , Hybrid and Community cloud to distribute the powerful computing capability to end user. This paper highlights the emergence of cloud computing from a style of computing to a on demand full fledged service model. Comparative study of various service and deployment models for cloud computing is also presented.