Interindustry Analysis

The commercial casino industry experienced an unprecedented expansion in the United States during the 1990s. Anecdotal evidence suggests that there may be a link between casinos and political corruption. However, no one has examined the issue empirically. We use state-level data from 1985-2000 to posit a panel data Granger causality analysis of corruption convictions and casinos. Our results indicate weak Granger causality in the direction of corruption to casino revenues, and stronger bi-directional Granger causality between corruption convictions and predicted casino adoptions. The results suggest that casinos are more likely to be introduced in and operating in relatively corrupt states. In addition, once casinos are adopted, there appears to be evidence consistent with "regulatory capture" of casino regulators. Our overall evidence lends support to the anecdotal evidence of a link between casinos and political corruption.

La movilidad del empleo entre industrias refleja relaciones en-
tre actividades económicas que se representan naturalmente como redes
que resaltan las propiedades de conectividad entre sectores económicos.
Los flujos de empleo varı́an en el tiempo tanto por factores coyuntura-
les como estructurales. Usando registros administrativos de Argentina
para el perı́odo 1996-2020, exploramos las redes interindustriales y ca-
racterizamos sus estructuras y dinámicas a cuatro dı́gitos de clasificación
de actividades CIIU. Analizamos las transiciones interanuales de empleo
entre casi 300 actividades económicas y encontramos redes de elevada co-
nectividad con propiedades de mundo pequeño, cuya estructura cambia
en el tiempo. ¿Cuán distintas son las estructuras subyacentes de inter-
cambios interindustriales de empleo? ¿Es posible caracterizar conexiones
estables y cambios significativos a lo largo del tiempo? Aplicando métri-
cas y mediciones de similitud estructural para cuantificar las diferencias
en las redes interanuales encontramos que es posible identificar distintos
regı́menes de conectividad que correlacionan con perı́odos de cierta esta-
bilidad macroeconómica, a la vez que se detectan perı́odos transicionales
en los que estas estructuras van cambiando entre regı́menes.

A state-level computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was used to investigate economic adjustment to a property tax limitation in Oregon. Findings under two CGE model variants are compared with results using a fixed-price, input-output type model. The analysis suggests that: (1) total output and income increase under the limitation, with highincome households benefiting most and low-income households least; (2) even with income growth, total state and local government tax revenues and spending shrink significantly; (3) the limitation makes Oregon's tax system slightly less progressive at the top of the income distribution but slightly more progressive at the bottom. (JEL R51)

In this paper, Leontief linear production functions with one product, and one activity are used to derive the production function of Abyek Cement Factory. The mathematical closed form of production function and also, profit, cost, and demand functions for production factors are obtained for the cited factory. We tried to calculate Operational Production Function of Abyek Cement Factory. It was realized that Leontief linear production function is applicable, and its mathematical form can properly express the economic structure of production in a cement factory. The efficient production function for this factory is also derived in this research. This function exhibits the costs incurred due to the inefficient production of the factory during different years. According to the findings, it was concluded that if the Abyek Cement Factory produces efficiently through employing optimal amounts of factors of production, it can reduce costs by 21 to 52 percent without any change in production...

En este trabajo se estudian diversas estructuras interindustriales nacionales aplicando medidas tradicionales input-output y análisis de redes. Su principal objetivo es avanzar en la comprensión de los procesos económicos centrándose en las estructuras interindustriales como un factor explicativo de las disparidades internacionales de desarrollo. El estudio de las relaciones intersectoriales muestra la existencia de una estructura fundamental o común y de diferencias estructurales entre grupos de países, de acuerdo con  sus niveles de desarrollo, en la especialización y en la posición de determinadas ramas, teniendo un impacto en sus desiguales procesos de des-arrollo. En este trabajo se muestra que ambas metodologías, input-output y redes, son complementarias y permiten alcanzar explicaciones más ricas de los procesos de desarrollo. La aplicación de la teoría de redes permite una mejor comprensión de las diferencias estructurales, que puede ser relacionada con el crecimiento económ...

In this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.

DESCRIPTION Egypt has proposed a new development corridor. A main component is a desert-based expansion of the current highway network. This network is founded on a 1200-kilometer north-south route that starts at a proposed new port near El-Alemein and runs parallel to the Nile Valley to the border of Sudan. It also includes 21 east-west branches that connect the main axis to densely populated cities on the Nile. The paper is a first attempt at an economic assessment of the impact of this proposed corridor. It uses an interregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model developed and reported in a prior paper. Here, that model is integrated with a more detailed geo-coded transportation network model to help quantify the spatial effects of transportation cost change due specifically to changes in accessibility induced by the corridor. The paper focuses on the likely structural economic impacts that such a large investment in transportation could enable through a series of simulat...

The emergence of casino gambling on the economic development landscape has forced elected officials and practitioners to confront a host of public policy issues that were hitherto ignored. The first relates to gambling as a sustainable economic development strategy. For which kinds of community is it suited, if at all? The second relates to gambling as a tourism and leisure activity. Can it be categorized as such and under which circumstances? These are not simply questions of classification and definition. They depend heavily on the circumstances of the community in question, the sources of demand for gambling and the supply of casino facilities. Almost overnight, the fortunes of casinos can change and with them, the economic futures of those communities that gambled heavily on the casino; from being export-based 96 Chapter 6 economic development activities serving external demand in a regulated or monopolistic environment, they can turn into local service-based activities in a rut...

The emergence of casino gambling on the economic development landscape has forced elected officials and practitioners to confront a host of public policy issues that were hitherto ignored. The first relates to gambling as a sustainable economic development strategy. For which kinds of community is it suited, if at all? The second relates to gambling as a tourism and leisure activity. Can it be categorized as such and under which circumstances? These are not simply questions of classification and definition. They depend heavily on the circumstances of the community in question, the sources of demand for gambling and the supply of casino facilities. Almost overnight, the fortunes of casinos can change and with them, the economic futures of those communities that gambled heavily on the casino; from being export-based

The present paper attempts to design a country scale Computational General Equilibrium (CGE) model to assessment the effects of investment in transport infrastructure. Unlike the previous studies, our model covers impacts of infrastructure expansion on time travel and efficiency of transport capital, simultaneously. After designing, using Iran's Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data we apply the model for evaluating the impacts of infrastructure expansion in different modes of transport. Simulation results show that investment in railways has the most effects on Iran's economic growth and employment than other modes. On the other hand, our results also show that investment in roads can affect household's welfare more than other infrastructure expansions.

Research shows that opening a large gaming venue has economic impacts. This paper evaluates these impacts from the perspectives of the government, industry and the community. Though the effects are interrelated, the direct impact for each of these stakeholders is unique. For the government, direct taxation, tourism and investment are discussed, with a focus on the immediate effect on infrastructure. For industry, revenue generation, the multiplier effect, leakage, cannibalization and the trend of strategic cross-industry alliance are examined. For the community, average household disposable income, employment rate, direct competition, land speculation and the impact on standard of living are analysed.

The emergence of casino gambling on the economic development landscape has forced elected officials and practitioners to confront a host of public policy issues that were hitherto ignored. The first relates to gambling as a sustainable economic development strategy. For which kinds of community is it suited, if at all? The second relates to gambling as a tourism and leisure activity. Can it be categorized as such and under which circumstances? These are not simply questions of classification and definition. They depend heavily on the circumstances of the community in question, the sources of demand for gambling and the supply of casino facilities. Almost overnight, the fortunes of casinos can change and with them, the economic futures of those communities that gambled heavily on the casino; from being export-based 96 Chapter 6 economic development activities serving external demand in a regulated or monopolistic environment, they can turn into local service-based activities in a rut...

The present paper attempts to design a country scale Computational General Equilibrium (CGE) model to assessment the effects of investment in transport infrastructure. Unlike the previous studies, our model covers impacts of infrastructure expansion on time travel and efficiency of transport capital, simultaneously. After designing, using Iran's Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data we apply the model for evaluating the impacts of infrastructure expansion in different modes of transport. Simulation results show that investment in railways has the most effects on Iran's economic growth and employment than other modes. On the other hand, our results also show that investment in roads can affect household's welfare more than other infrastructure expansions.

In this paper, we apply the skill-relatedness (SR) indicator measure for the analysis of labor flow dynamics in Argentina, and compare it with the original flows in order to differentiate the type of information that each of these techniques offers for characterizing the productive system based on the dynamics of private formal employment. On the other hand, given the size and complexity of the obtained networks, it is interesting to explore the biases introduced by different methods of network reduction in the derived structures as well as to characterize the obtained industrial spaces.

With a glance on planning methodology, we try to analyze “Iran’s industrial development strategy proposition”. This proposition to somehow covers the requirements of Iran’s economic development strategy, and in this regard can be treated as an economic strategy plan and not industrial strategy plan. Approaches of this proposition-ignoring its long-run quantitative forecasts- can be used as a general solution to Iran’s long-run structural problems and can be summarized by international linkages and competitiveness as the main proposed strategies. But this proposition does not introduce stimulator engine sector of the economy; in this paper, we try to touch this nomination via an input-output sectoral linkages framework. We conclude that, to start of Iran’s economic fast growth, sectors of glass and glassware, cement, mine, other mineral & non-ferrous products, basic steel and iron mill products, paper & wood industries, chemical & plastic industries, copper & copper products, water a...

Executive Summary T his report estimates the macroeconomic and fiscal impacts of Hurricane Sandy on the economy of New Jersey using the R/ECON™ forecasting model of the state's economy. The model consists of more than 250 quarterly time-series equations and 30 employment sectors. The analysis takes into account both the economic losses resulting from the hurricane and the offsetting positive economic impacts associated with recovery and reconstruction spending in the months and years following the storm. However, the estimates of impacts depend upon the restoration expenditures actually being made. If the funds for these restoration and recovery expenditures are not made available, the offsetting positive impacts to the economy will not occur and the New Jersey economy will be significantly damaged. See Section 3 for estimates of the negative impacts if restoration expenditures are not made. Based on estimated initial economic losses (not including damages to physical structures...

In this paper, we apply the skill-relatedness (SR) indicator measure for the analysis of labor flow dynamics in Argentina, and compare it with the original flows in order to differentiate the type of information that each of these techniques offers for characterizing the productive system based on the dynamics of private formal employment. On the other hand, given the size and complexity of the obtained networks, it is interesting to explore the biases introduced by different methods of network reduction in the derived structures as well as to characterize the obtained industrial spaces.

This paper provides new evidence on the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital for the Uruguayan manufacturing sector. Labour demand is derived using a right-to-manage model estimated for the period 1985-1997 using data for six industries. The evidence found suggests that the elasticity is generally less than 1. Differences by industry and in time are also found. The latter result may be linked both to the integration process underwent by Uruguay in the nineties and to the changes in the bargaining framework that took place in that same period. As a nested CES production function is used to derive the labour demand, the partial elasticity of substitution between production and non-production workers is also calculated, being its magnitude quite low. Finally, the model was estimated using data from industrial surveys (gathered from firms) and from household surveys. The comparison of results shows that when using industrial surveys data the estimated e...

We develop an interregional computable general equilibrium model to help assess the ex ante impact of transportation infrastructure policies in Egypt. The model is integrated with a GIS network. We illustrate the analytical capabilities of the model by looking at the domestic integration of the country. Improvements of transportation costs among Egyptian governorates and of their links to the broader world economy are considered in stylized simulations. The results provide quantitative and qualitative insights (general equilibrium effects) into trade-offs commonly faced by policy makers when dealing with transportation infrastructure projects in a spatial context. In the case of Egypt, there seems to be an important trade-off between efficiency and regional equity: projects that produce potential higher impacts on national GDP also tend to contribute more to regional concentration.

Egypt has proposed a new development corridor. A main component is a desertbased expansion of the current highway network. This network is founded on a 1200-kilometer north-south route that starts at a proposed new port near ElAlemein and runs parallel to the Nile Valley to the border of Sudan. It also includes 21 east-west branches that connect the main axis to densely populated cities on the Nile. The paper is a first attempt at an economic assessment of the impact of this proposed corridor. It uses an interregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model developed and reported in a prior paper. Here, that model is integrated for the first time with a stylized geo-coded transportation network model to help quantify the spatial effects of transportation cost change due specifically to the efficiencies induced by the corridor. The paper focuses on the likely structural economic impacts that such a large investment in transportation could enable through a series of simulations, in...

Uno de los aspectos fundamentales que posibilita el conocimiento en profundidad de una economía es la realización de un análisis de su estructura productiva. Dicho análisis supone una importante ayuda no sólo en la toma de decisiones de política económica, sino también constituye un requisito indispensable y previo a las tareas de predicción necesarias en un contexto empresarial. El estudio de una economía puede abordarse desde muy diversas ópticas, una de las cuales es el enfoque input-output, el cual permite analizar conjuntamente las relaciones intersectoriales de una economía y su demanda agregada, con lo cual se dispone de un conocimiento integrado de la actividad económica. Consideramos la teoría de redes como una importante "herramienta", a nuestro juicio poco explotada en el ámbito económico, que constituye un marco general de estudio dentro del cual podemos encuadrar el análisis input-output. Esta teoría permite simplificar el esquema de relaciones surgido entre los sectores de una economía y, por lo tanto, favorecer la comprensión del mismo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las relaciones interindustriales bajo la óptica de la teoría de las redes sociales y, al mismo tiempo, efectuar una comparación entre los resultados así obtenidos y los que se derivan de la aplicación de los métodos inputoutput clásicos.

This paper provides new evidence on the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital for the Uruguayan manufacturing sector. Labour demand is derived using a right-to-manage model estimated for the period 1985-1997 using data for six industries. The evidence found suggests that the elasticity is generally less than 1. Differences by industry and in time are also found. The latter result may be linked both to the integration process underwent by Uruguay in the nineties and to the changes in the bargaining framework that took place in that same period. As a nested CES production function is used to derive the labour demand, the partial elasticity of substitution between production and non-production workers is also calculated, being its magnitude quite low. Finally, the model was estimated using data from industrial surveys (gathered from firms) and from household surveys. The comparison of results shows that when using industrial surveys data the estimated e...

The Atlantic City casino market has faced increasing competition over the past decade, particularly since the introduction of Pennsylvania gaming in 2006. In response to this increased competition, the State of New Jersey, through legislation, created a public private partnership to both redevelop parts of the city and devote significant marketing dollars into shaping the image of the city. The private side of that partnership, the Atlantic City Alliance (ACA), found in their earliest consumer research that Atlantic City's image as a gaming destination was well established, but that the city was less known for the retail, entertainment and restaurants it had to offer. In an effort to help broaden Atlantic City's image and visitor base, the ACA launched the "DO AC" campaign, a campaign that featured very little in terms of gaming but rather focused on the non-gaming aspects of the resort. This study examines significant differences between recent visitors (2012) to the Atlantic City market and those who visited the year prior to the announcement of the public private partnership (2010). The Levenson Institute of Gaming, Hospitality and Tourism at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey commissioned two studies that profiled the Atlantic City visitor, a February 2011 study where 125 Atlantic City visitors (2010 visitors) were surveyed and a February 2013 study which produced 683 Atlantic City visitor (2012 visitors) responses. The surveys were conducted in February of both 2011 and 2013, with the data collected by the Hughes Center for Public Policy's Polling Institute at the college and Zogby International. A logistic regression model highlights some important demographic and behavioral differences between the 2010 and 2012 visitors to the Atlantic City casino market. Particular attention is paid to the spending habits between the two groups. Significant differences are discussed.

European countries data has been reviewed, in this paper, in order to review how the aggregation of an Input-Output Table influences on the multipliers and linkages of the branches that do not join themselves. These facts let us that the following hypothesis were answered: "A higher level of aggregation, the different linkages of the non put into branches are affected in a systematic and defined way". It is concluded that the results depend on the relative weight of the non linked coefficients regarding to the linked one, therefore the multipliers or linkages can present accumulative, oscillating or diminishing effects.

This paper analyzes the effect of the 2003 Illinois gaming tax increase on gaming demand. To model gaming demand, slot machine coin-in is chosen for the period January 2000 to December 2006. Multiple regression analysis is used to model both the tax increase and account for seasonality in the data. A Box Jenkins model was employed to address correlation of error terms. The findings reveal that Illinois experienced a decrease in gaming demand when the tax increases took effect. The findings indicate that legislators should acknowledge and evaluate the negative economic pressures tax increases have on the gaming industry.

The Great Recession and the subsequent passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act returned fiscal policy, and particularly the importance of state and local governments, to the center stage of macroeconomic policymaking. This paper addresses three questions for the design of intergovernmental macroeconomic fiscal policies. First, are such policies necessary? An analysis of U.S. state fiscal policies show state deficits (in particular from tax cuts) can stimulate state economies in the short run but that there are significant job spillovers to neighboring states. Central government fiscal policies can best internalize these spillovers. Second, what central government fiscal policies are most effective for stimulating income and job growth? A structural vector autoregression analysis for the U.S. aggregate economy from 1960 to 2010 shows that federal tax cuts and transfers to households and firms and intergovernmental transfers to states for lower income assistance are both effective, with one-and two-year multipliers greater than 2.0. Third, how are states, as politically independent agents, motivated to provide increased transfers to lower income households? The answer is matching (price subsidy) assistance for such spending. The intergovernmental aid is spent immediately by the states and supports assistance to those most likely to spend new transfers.

With the renewed interest in cities as economic centers comes a need to understand how local public services and local taxes are likely to affect city economic performance. This paper provides an equilibrium model of an open city economy with mobile firms and resident workers. Given household preferences and firm technologies and an exogenous configuration of city tax rates and national grants and fiscal mandates, the model calculates equilibrium values for firm production and input use, household consumption and housing choices, city wages, rents, and population, and finally, local tax bases, revenues, and public goods provision. The model is calibrated to the Philadelphia economy for FY 1998; model predictions are compared to recent econometric estimates of the effects of city fiscal policy on the Philadelphia private economy. We then explore two important questions for the city's fiscal future: What are the economic and fiscal consequences of raising city tax rates? Can the city shoulder a rising burden of local welfare payments and remain a viable economic center in the long-run? We fmd the city to be near the top of its total revenue hill and incapable of bearing significant increases in local responsibility for welfare transfers.

We provide estimates of the impact and long-run elasticities of tax base with respect to tax rates for four large U.S. cities: Houston (property taxation), Minneapolis (property taxation), New York City (property, general sales, and income taxation), and Philadelphia (property, gross receipts, and wage taxation). Results suggest that all four of our cities are near the peaks of their longer-mn revenue hills. Equilibrium effects are observed within three to four fiscal years after the initial increase in local, tax rates. A significant negative impact (current period) effect of a balanced budget increase in city property tax rates on city property base is interpreted as a capitalization effect and suggests that marginal increases in city spending do not provide positive net benefits to property owners. Estimates of the effects of taxes on city employment levels for New York City and Philadelphia-thetwo cities for which employment series are available-show the local income and wage tax rates have significant negative effects on city employment levels.

Egypt has one of the largest and fastest growing populations in the world. However, nearly 96% of the total land area is uninhabited desert and 96% of the population is concentrated around the River Nile valley and the Delta. This unbalanced distribution and dramatically rising population have caused severe socio-economic problems. In this research, 24 land use/land cover (LULC) maps from 1992 to 2015 were used to monitor LULC changes in the Nile Delta and quantify the rates and types of LULC transitions. The results show that 74,600 hectares of fertile agricultural land in the Nile Delta (Old Lands) was lost to urban expansion over the 24 year period at an average rate of 3,108 ha year-1, whilst 206,100 hectares of bare land was converted to agricultural land (New Lands) at an average rate of 8,588 ha year-1. A Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov) integrated model was used to simulate future alternative LULC change scenarios. Under a Business as Usual scenario, 87,000 hectares of l...

The Egyptian coastal cities have several different natural potentials which could make them promising economic cities and attract many investors as well as tourists. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of existing and potential coastal problems in Egypt. This awareness has become manifest in development policies for Egyptian coasts which focused only on the development of beaches by building private tourist villages. These developments negatively affected the regional development and the environment. This study examines the structure of the coastal cities industry, the main types, the impacts (economic, environmental, and social) of coastal cities, and the local trends in development in the Egyptian coastal cities and its regions. It will also analyze coastal and marine tourism in several key regions identified because of the diversity of life they support, and the potential destruction they could face. This paper confirms that economic diversification in coastal cities is more effective than developments in only one economic sector, even if this sector is prominent and important.

In the wake of the most recent U.S. recession, both New York State and New Jersey have faced multibillion-dollar budget gaps. An analysis of the makeup of their budgets reveals that the states' heavy reliance on personal income taxes-particularly from highwage earners in the fi nance sector-has exacerbated revenue shortfalls. To close their budget gaps, New York and New Jersey have had to make diffi cult choices about tax increases and service cuts. In the future, the states might take steps to avert such budget quandaries by establishing "rainy day" funds or restructuring taxes to make them less sensitive to the business cycle. 1 The National Bureau of Economic Research determined that the peak in U.S. economic activity occurred in December 2007 (see http://www.nber.org/cycles/dec2008.pdf). It may declare a month in mid-2009 as the trough of the business cycle. 2 Recent actions, including large increases in federal aid, helped close an estimated aggregate gap of $162.5 billion in states' fi scal 2010 budgets, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP). Nonetheless, signifi cant budget strains are expected in the years ahead. The CBPP reported in May 2010 that states were already anticipating at least $112 billion in additional gaps for the 2011 fi scal year. See McNichol and Johnson (2010).

With a glance on planning methodology, we try to analyze "Iran's industrial development strategy proposition". This proposition to somehow covers the requirements of Iran's economic development strategy, and in this regard can be treated as an economic strategy plan and not industrial strategy plan. Approaches of this proposition-ignoring its long-run quantitative forecasts-can be used as a general solution to Iran's long-run structural problems and can be summarized by international linkages and competitiveness as the main proposed strategies. But this proposition does not introduce stimulator engine sector of the economy; in this paper, we try to touch this nomination via an input-output sectoral linkages framework. We conclude that, to start of Iran's economic fast growth, sectors of glass and glassware, cement, mine, other mineral & non-ferrous products, basic steel and iron mill products, paper & wood industries, chemical & plastic industries, copper & copper products, water and electricity in turn should be activated more to fulfill the needs for intermediate products in the economy. The sectors of foodstuff industries, aluminum, and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, copper and copper products, steel and iron mill products are able to increase the demand for intermediate products of other sectors more than the others. Basic steel and steel mill products, copper and copper products, aluminum and other basic non-ferrous metals products, cement, paper, and wood industries, glass and glassware, other mineral non-ferrous products, chemical industries, and plastic are more integrated than the others relating both forward and backward linkages. Machinery and equipment, basic products of steel and iron mill, chemical industries and plastic are mainly based on import and share of intermediate import to production of aluminum sectors and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, chemical industries, and plastic, basic steel and iron mill products, machinery and equipment industries is more than the other sectors. Aluminum and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, foodstuffs industries, basic products of steel and steel mill have a higher multiplier effect in increasing economy income, in other words, it is possible to consider them as pioneer sectors and economy stimulator engine. Aluminum and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, foodstuff industries, basic products of steel and iron mill have more affect the growth of other sectors. Sectors of chemical and plastic industries, agriculture, transportation services, warehouse keeping and communications, commercial services provide the highest amount of input for other sectors. We consider two scenarios for Iran's industrial strategy as foodstuffs industries sector with export promotion, and the second, metals sectors (aluminum and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, basic products of steel and iron mill) with export promotion and import substitution. 1. Introduction Before starting our discussion about performed researches in an industrial development strategy plan, we should take the chance to have a brief discussion about the methodology of designing a plan at different planning levels. At first, we should present that collection of mass information is not the solution insole for the problem of planning, and one of the faced problems in the way of economic, social, cultural development planning is the mass volume of information for such plans. On the other hand, in Iran's industrial development strategy, the methodology of processing such information was so weak and or even had not designed a priori, and finally, persons in charge should manage the plans in order to finalize it. This was also the case that we did not succeed within the four previous five years plans. The plans talked about their interests, and the economy and society and culture went toward their own directions and ways without regarding the approved plans! In territory management 1 plans, we

This study is based on the proposed development corridor project by Dr. Farouk El-Baz which attempt to expand the developed region westward throughout the Valley of River Nile. It is known that there are many problems in most Egyptian roads such as low level of service, traffic jam and not taking into account the crisis of roads maintenance and security. All of these lead to spread of road accidents and increase the number of road casualties year after year. World Health Organization (WHO) says that Egypt is one of the first countries in the rates of road accidents in terms of the number of deaths. Egypt loses about 12 000 lives due to road traffic crashes every year. It has a road traffic fatality rate of 42 deaths per 100 000 population. This is a serious that indicator must be taken into consideration. The aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of such a major super highway on the general movement of vehicle traffic in Egypt especially in the North – South direction. A Geographic Information System (GIS) Approach is selected for its suitability for such a problem at hand. Firstly, the selected alignment of the proposed developed corridor is digitized, and linked to the overall digitized national highway network of Egypt. The digitized process included the twelve branches highways throughout the River Nile Valley. Attribute tables were established using GIS ArcMap, they consisted of some columns called fields, these fields contained road lengths, road names, governorates where roads are located, as well as road widths, the number of lanes in each road and road speeds. As a result of distances and speeds data, average travel time is calculated by using the equation of time equal distance divided by speed. Network Analyst tool is one of the GIS tools, it is used for analyzing the given data that has been inserted and output of results. The Scenario of With / Without Development Corridor is adopted to illustrate the impact of the project on different proposed expected journey linking Egypt between North regions [major harbours] and south regions [potential for development projects]. Also, the degree of development of the proposed super highway is considered in the study through varying design speed. The impact of the proposed project is presented in details on the Traveled Distance / Travelled time plot for different suggested Origin – Destination trips. The study involves the path of Nagaa Hammadi with both of Alexandria Port and the proposed port in El-Alemein, as well as the path of Lake Nasser with both of them. The thesis will study 16 cases for each path, these cases depend on the effect of delay time as a result of traffic jam at grade intersections, as well as the factor of with and without Development Corridor, and if it will be created, taking influence Development Corridor design on the basis of different speeds. Already there has been a clear impact when implementation of Development Corridor on the main road network through the examples that will be studied within the thesis, but also other examples will be shown in Appendix (D). Whenever taking into account the increment of speed factor of the development corridor, this leads to a direct effect on travel time, also leads to increase the percentage of Development Corridor length which is used throughout the trip length. Also the percentage of the used length from the north-south highway increased.

This article addresses the use of Network Analysis Software to diagram arguments in Informal Logic classes. It is shown as an innovative possibility that goes beyond the classic work with pencil and paper and even the work with specific software dedicated to diagramming. In particular, diagrams made in pencil and paper and diagrams elaborated with Araucaria software are compared through the construction of network graphs obtained by juxtaposing individual diagrams made by the students. The results show that there are no significant differences in the indices compared and that the verified variations respond to differences in the representation systems. Finally, the study suggests that the Network Analysis Software inaugurates a new form of diagrammatic cartographies with interest for the teaching of Logic. Keywords—Network Analysis Software, argument diagramming, Araucaria, pencil and paper.

This paper studies inter-industry structures at national level by applying traditional input-output measures and also network analysis. The main objective is to attain a better understanding of economic processes by focusing on inter-industrial structures as a main explanatory factor of the observed international disparities in development. This study shows the existence of a fundamental inter-industrial structure, common to all countries. When comparing groups of countries, there are also structural differences that are in accordance with differences in development levels, in industrial specialization and in the structural position of some industrial sectors. Those differences have an impact on the countries' unequal development processes. This study shows that both methodologies, input-output and network analyses, are complementary and allow to attain more advanced explanations of the processes of development. By applying network theory it is possible to improve our knowledge on structural differences and its relation with economic growth and development.

Siegel, Anders / INDIAN CASINOS Gambling is a rapidly growing industry with competing private, public, and Native American tribal interests. To examine the effects of this competition, the authors outline a simple econometric model for assessing substitution between lottery games and other forms of gambling. They estimate the model to examine whether an expansion in Indian casino gaming in Arizona is associated with a decline in lottery revenues. The findings imply that there is indeed a substitution effect.

In the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2007-2009, the popular press has noted a rebound in casino revenues in some states, and some expect casino revenues to grow and increase again along with any economic recovery.  However, before the recent recession, there were trends indicating stagnation or a peak of casino revenues in most states, and as the last recession has indicated, casino revenues were not “recession-proof” as most had thought previously.  In fact, casino revenues in most states saw big declines.  In this paper, we show that the casino revenues have stagnated or declined partially due to a saturation point being reached with regard to casino gaming in many areas of the United States.  The growth rate of casino revenues as well as the tax receipts for the state governments from casinos follows an ‘S’ curve which is similar to a product life cycle curve. The introduction of more gambling venues as well as putting in slot machines at race tracks may give a temporary boost to state gambling tax receipts, but longer run trends indicate that the years of casinos showing large gains in revenues may be over unless casino operations continue to re-invent themselves.

The adoption of lotteries by state governments has received significant attention in the economics literature, but the issue of casino adoption has been neglected by researchers. Casino gambling is a relatively new industry in the United States, outside Nevada and New Jersey. As of 2007, 11 states had established commercial casinos; several more states are considering legalization. We analyze the factors that determine a state's decision to legalize commercial casinos, using data from 1985 to 2000, a period which covers the majority of states that have adopted commercial casinos. We use a tobit model to examine states' fiscal conditions, political alignments, intrastate and interstate competitive environments, and demographic characteristics, which yields information on the probability and timing of adoptions. The results suggest a public choice explanation that casino legalization is due to state fiscal stress, to efforts to keep gambling revenues (and the concomitant gambling taxes) within the state, and to attract tourism or "export taxes."

The adoption of lotteries by state governments has received significant attention in the economics literature, but the issue of casino adoption has been neglected by researchers. Casino gambling is a relatively new industry in the United States, outside Nevada and New Jersey. As of 2007, 11 states had established commercial casinos; several more states are considering legalization. We analyze the factors that determine a state's decision to legalize commercial casinos, using data from 1985 to 2000, a period which covers the majority of states that have adopted commercial casinos. We use a tobit model to examine states' fiscal conditions, political alignments, intrastate and interstate competitive environments, and demographic characteristics, which yields information on the probability and timing of adoptions. The results suggest a public choice explanation that casino legalization is due to state fiscal stress, to efforts to keep gambling revenues (and the concomitant gambling taxes) within the state, and to attract tourism or "export taxes."

Egypt has proposed a new development corridor. A main component is a desert-based expansion of the current highway network. This network is founded on a 1200-kilometer north-south route that starts at a proposed new port near El-Alemein and runs parallel to the Nile Valley to the border of Sudan. It also includes 21 east-west branches that connect the main axis to densely populated cities on the Nile. The paper is a first attempt at an economic assessment of the impact of this proposed corridor. It uses an interregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model developed and reported in a prior paper. Here, that model is integrated with a more detailed geo-coded transportation network model to help quantify the spatial effects of transportation cost change due specifically to changes in accessibility induced by the corridor. The paper focuses on the likely structural economic impacts that such a large investment in transportation could enable through a series of simulations related to the operational phase of the project.

Theoretically speaking, heavy tax rates on gambling should dampen growth of the casino revenues. Indeed, a cursory glance at data across U.S. states suggests more jobs and income are generated directly by the gaming industry when lower tax rates are applied. Using a detailed computable general equilibrium model, we evaluate the effects of a proposed machine- based casino on New Jersey’s economy as well as on the state’s existing set of casino resorts in Atlantic City. We find few winners other than the state’s tax coffers.

In this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a
regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the
banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key
sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation
and transfer.