Interactional Sociolinguistics

The Oxford Handbook of Language and Sexuality, with a hard-copy publication date of 2025, is the first handbook exclusively devoted to research in language and sexuality. The commissioned chapters included in the Table of Contents, available here, together put forth a broad understanding of sexuality, offering detailed discussions of the place of language in the mutually constituted ideologies, desires, practices, and identities that make up sexual systems. 62 chapters are now available for viewing at Oxford Handbooks Online: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190212926.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190212926

This chapter discusses multimodal approaches to the study of linguistics, and of representation and communication more generally. It draws attention to the range of different modes that people use to make meaning beyond language –such as speech, gesture, gaze, image and writing – and in doing so, offers new ways of analysing language. The chapter addresses two key questions. First, how can all these modes be handled theoretically? What are ‘modes’? How do people use them? Second, how can all these modes be handled analytically? What are the methodological implications if one or more modes are excluded from the analysis? The chapter fi rst highlights the ways in which multimodality is taken up in social linguistic research. It then describes a social semiotic approach to multimodality. The steps taken in such an approach are described and exemplified with case studies of classroom interaction and textbooks. It concludes with a discussion of the potentials and constraints of multimodal analysis.

本章の目的は、筆者がニュージーランドと豪州で収集した文化的活動としての「調査インタビュー」及び「ゴシップ」を分析対象にすることで雑談の美学について考察することである。ここでは「雑談」をこれらの活動における本来の目的から逸脱した情報伝達を行う発話の連鎖、と定義する。言語の多機能性を理論的支柱にして、「質問」を中心とした「指令的」（Searle 1976）発話とその連鎖を中心に分析する。その結果、インタビューやゴシップといった活動の目的から逸脱した情報伝達が見られる発話連鎖にも、対話者間で共有できる知識基盤を創造する側面が認められた。本章では、そのような知識の共有へのプロセスを「雑談の美学」と捉えることを主張する。

The paper focuses on the commodification and politicisation of cultural heritage using as a case study the ongoing debate on the return of the Parthenon Marbles from the U.K. to Greece, recently reignited by the press release for the movie The Monuments Men in 2014. Greece has been in the throes of a severe financial crisis for over six years with the ever imminent threat of Grexit constantly disputed. In parallel with this ongoing turmoil, discourses of Greek antiquity have been persistently prominent in the media. In this context, we problematise the complex nexus of relationships between the financial crisis, national identity and cultural heritage. We combine the Discourse-Historical Approach and Interactional Sociolinguistics drawing data from an online forum, and investigate how the users negotiate pro-/anti-return positions and make the financial crisis relevant in the argumentation process. The analysis shows that history, identity, value, and debt are recontextualised in relation to the Parthenon sculptures. The analysis identifies an underlying process of value trade off and brings the current political and economic environment to the fore. We close the paper by foregrounding the implications of our study and provide directions for further research.

In this paper, I discuss and contrast the manner in which the notion of indeterminacy is theorised in contemporary sociolinguistics and integrational linguistics.
To appear in Adrian Pablé (Ed.). (forthcoming) Critical Humanist Perspectives: The Integrational Turn in the Philosophy of Language and Communication. Routledge.

This paper explores what the work of John Gumperz can contribute to our understanding of power relations in the 21st century.  It does so by emphasising the critical dimension of his work (Blommaert 2005; Rampton 2001), and by considering its relevance to Foucault’s notion of ‘governmentality’.  As a concept developed in his later work, governmentality hasn’t featured very prominently in explicit appropriations of Foucault in linguistics, but it cries out for interactional sociolinguistic analysis and it has been at the centre of discussion among social theorists about changing character of contemporary power.
To pursue this agenda – consistent with the larger programme sketched by Arnaut 2012 – I shall begin with the debate about whether and how Foucault’s work continues to be relevant, focusing on governmentality in particular (Section 1).  After that, I shall review the rather different ways in which US linguistic anthropology and (mainly) European critical discourse studies relate to Foucault’s later thought (Section 2), moving into a more detailed consideration of how John Gumperz’s work resembles some of the later Foucault’s, not just in its discursive constructionism but also in its attention to the ‘antagonism of strategies’ and its understated practice-focused politics (Section 3).  Next, I summarise the shifts in governmentality identified by Fraser, Deleuze, Rose and others, dwelling in particular on the new forms and functions of surveillance (Section 4).  In section 5, I return to Gumperz and interactional sociolinguistics, arguing that their tracking of real time attention and inferencing, their recognition of discrepant but hidden communicative preferences, and their critique of the legibility of populations, all remain highly relevant, although to cope properly with the new digital environments, challenging new types of analysis are needed.  But even without these, the Gumperzian framework can make an important contribution to understanding subjective experiences of digital surveillance, and the paper concludes with a sketch of what the empirical sociolinguistic study of contemporary governmentalities might look like.

This article engages with Archer's call to further research on reflexivity and social change under conditions of late modernity (2007, 2010, 2012) from the perspective of existing work on reflexive discourse in the language disciplines (Silverstein 1976, Lucy 1993). Drawing from a linguistic ethnography of the networked trajectories of a group of working-class South Asian youth in Hong Kong (Pérez-Milans & Soto 2014), we analyze the trajectory of Sita, a Hong Kong-born young female with Nepali background. In her trajectory, performative acts of ethnic minority-based activism emerge as key in the enactment of a given set of values, stances, types of persona and situated forms of alignment/disalignment. That is to say, Sita's enactment of activism is seen in this article as tied to a discourse register (Agha 2007: 147). As such, 'talking/doing activism' is inter-textually linked to a speech chain network of a group of secondary school students, teachers, researchers and community-based minority activists engaged with Sita in various interrelated projects for social empowerment. Analysis of interview transcripts, online chats and multimodal artifacts shows the extent to which the coordinated formation of this discourse register proved useful in providing Sita with relevant cultural capital (Bourdieu 1986) with which she shaped her own academic trajectory, from a low-prestige government-subsidized secondary school to an elite international college.

In the analysis of the game “Duolingo,” I will explore how the game uses the Practice Principle, Multimodal Principle, “Psychosocial Moratorium” Principle, and Self-Knowledge Principle from Gee (2007). Overall, the game provides a space for learners to be exposed to diverse characters, a smiling sikh man, a woman with a bindi, characters of all many skin color gradients.

Duolingo provides games for learners to engage in lots of language practice with many modalities of engaging with the material. These exercises open up a safe and welcoming space for learners to make mistakes and get messy with the material without real-world consequences. With all of these perks, it’s no surprise that the game has been so well received: as of February 2015 Duolingo had over 70 million users signed up and counting (Ranger, 2015).

Over the series of communicative events that constitute fieldwork, researchers and consultants build faith in each others' accounts of their practices. Interviews are one type of common communicative fieldwork event, but are treated as separate to the practice of rapport building. This paper addresses this issue by exploring the relationship between rapport and the semiotic forms and practices used and presupposed in an interview context. In doing so, it offers the concept of " believability " , defined as the semiotic forms used and presupposed in the building of faith in each others' accounts. I do this by focusing on the interactional moves of an Indonesian bureaucrat in his efforts to present his accounts of his leadership practices as believable. I show how he interactionally establishes believability by using represented speech. In doing so, I point to how this talk relates to the wider communicative context, including wider circulating negative discourses about bureaucrats.

Talk about food at work is typically overlooked as peripheral, just like other relationally-oriented discourse (e.g. small talk and humour). Drawing on a data set of workplace interactions recorded in formal and informal settings, we demonstrate how food talk erodes and troubles formality boundaries. The distinctive distribution of food talk at the boundaries of workplace interaction
creates a duality: because it occurs at boundaries, food talk is regarded as irrelevant; when it occurs in non-boundary positions, it has the interactional effect of reducing formality, regardless of its legitimacy as a business topic. In practice, food talk “indexes” boundaries and informality. Each time it occurs at boundaries, or creates informality, this indexicality is reinforced. We demonstrate just how food talk indexes informality in meeting talk.

Cet article analyse des extraits de récits de vie racontant la rupture historique qu'est la chute de l'URSS. Appliqué à l'observation des dénominations d'événement, de dénominations politiques et du connecteur d'opposition « mais », le concept de dialogisme s'avère éclairant pour saisir comment les discours individuels des récits autobiographiques se positionnent face aux discours officiels de l'Histoire collective.

This chapter reviews language studies research in Brazil that investigates gender and sexuality. The first section reports on quantitative sociolinguistics and the second on discourse/interaction studies. The latter is subdivided into media discourse, the area most of the studies concentrate on; investigation into educational contexts; and research on diverse contexts, from spontaneous conversations to highly institutionalized settings. The last section reflects upon where the development of the field has gone so far, and proposes a direction for future research in Brazil. The authors argue especially for (1) broadening the scope of the studies to involve more diverse discursive contexts, and more ethnography; (2) more interdisciplinary studies that would link (applied) linguistics to other fields; (3) the inclusion of issues of race, ethnicity, age, nationality, and embodiment in the discussion of gender, sexuality, and language; and (4) the need to imagine new ways of doing research.

In analyzing a gossip session between three Australians and this author in Brisbane, it is argued that discordance, defined as (partial) lack of agreement or harmony among interlocutors, may not develop into a conflict-ridden argument if the meta-strategy of "tact" is used in "ritualized" communication (Senft 2009). Specifically, Australians' gossip that targeted a Japanese woman was "unsafe" for this Japanese author but their use of "crossing" strategies such as stereotypically ambiguous Japanese expressions, metapragamatic/metalinguistic glossing, and remedial interchanges,  prevented the interaction from developing into conflict. Implications are discussed with reference to the relationship between macro-social notions such as "White multiculturalism" (Hage 2000) and Goffmanian-Gumperzian interactional notions such as "ritual", "discourse strategies", and "crossing" (cf. Rampton 1995).

This article examines the construction of zine producer identities (self and other) during a research interview. Zines are self-published texts that circulate in mainly underground communities. In this study, I draw on dialogic understandings of the notion of ‘stance’ to show how a zine producer accomplishes a situated identity performance in the interview that also functions as an interdiscursive move in a larger conversation about the role Do-It-Yourself (DIY) ethics should play in zine communities. Specifically, I show how this speaker displays stances in relation to recognizable social types within zine communities but also the canonical stances associated with these social types. I unpack the features that work in support of this stancetaking, including discourse markers, constructed dialogue, referring terms, and prosodic cues. The analysis also foregrounds how the interviewer’s turns contributed to these emergent stance displays, which furthers our understanding of the dynamic social context of the research interview.

Cet article traite du rôle et des enjeux de la polémique dans les débats médiatiques télévisés, et plus précisément du rôle du discours et des unités linguistiques dans la construction et la gestion des débats. Après avoir défini les propriétés de trois sous catégories de débats médiatiques, je centrerai l'attention sur une forme de débat actuellement très à la mode: le talk show ou « débat-témoignage ». Ensuite, je proposerai une analyse linguistique d'un extrait d'une émission représentative de cette catégorie : "C'est mon choix" de l'ex-animatrice vedette française Evelyne Thomas, programmée par la télévision suisse romande depuis le printemps 2001 jusqu'à fin 2004 environ. Au plan théorique et méthodologique, je situe le propos dans la perspective interactionniste en analyse des discours et de la communication.

This article examines how a group of Tanzanian journalists co-construct their identities as members of the same culture by producing talk that aligns them with several shared membership categories (Sacks 1972, 1979, 1992). The speakers propose and subsequently reaffirm, resist, or transform the categories ‘Westernized’ and ‘ethnically marked’ in order to align or realign themselves as co-members of the same group of white collar workers. In the first excerpt, the participants critique Tanzanian youth who dress like rap singers, providing turn-by-turn slots for co-affiliation, thereby establishing an intercultural difference between themselves and their fellow Tanzanians who adopt Western ways uncritically. In this excerpt, the participants employ interculturality for affiliative positioning by drawing a boundary between themselves and those Tanzanians whom they identify as ‘outsiders’ through their talk. The disjunction between the two groups is accomplished through codeswitching, shared humor, and pronoun usage. The second excerpt demonstrates how the recently-established shared insider identity is re-analyzed by the group when one of the participants in the office is constructed as uncooperative, and his ethnicity is named as the source of his inability to work with his colleagues in a suitable manner. Thus, his status as an ‘outsider’ becomes made real through explicit categorization of him as a non-member due to the interculturality of ethnic difference. This participant resists the ethnification (Day 1998) he receives, however, and through this resistance, he succeeds in reintegrating himself into the group. This reintegration is accomplished through affiliative language structures including codeswitching, teasing, and the nomination of new shared categories by the ethnified participant. My analysis provides further documentation that interculturality is a continuously dynamic production of identities-in-practice (Antaki and Widdicombe 1998), rather than a consequence of fixed social characteristics.

This paper discusses the observation of language attitudes in interaction and argues that these approaches provide invaluable insights for the study of language attitudes. In the first half of the paper, the three different kinds of discourse-based methods of analysis that scholars have used to analyse language attitudes (content-based approaches, turn-internal semantic and pragmatic approaches, and interactional approaches) are discussed. In the second half, then, the third of these approaches is used to illustrate such an analysis with four stretches of conversation in different contexts. In the end, the argument is put forward that discourse-based approaches in general and interactional approaches in particular should be viewed as at least as fundamental to language attitude research as more commonly used quantitative methods of analysis, since the former can provide the researcher with insights that the latter do not.

The article examines the linguistic, material, and multi-modal aspects of professional communication in guided tours in the Himalayas in Nepal. Using an ethnography-informed interactional sociolinguistics, the study analyses the key instances of miscommunication between an American tourist and an ethnic Tamang guide to understand how various identities are invoked by the participants. As the article considers the complexity of working for tourists in the second language in which a worker's competence is questioned, it also recognizes the importance of a range of semiotic resources that tour guides deploy to negotiate professional authority with tourists. Overall, the findings show how individuals manage interpersonal relations and expertise in transnational workplaces to contest and reconstruct dominant social positions and achieve their interactional goals. K E Y W O R D S interactional sociolinguistics, miscommunication, Nepal, tourism, work सार यस ले खले ने पालको हिमालय क् षे त् रमा पथप् रदर् शक सहितको यात् रामा हु ने व् यावसायिक सं चारको भाषिक, भौतिक र बहु मोडल पक् षहरू को अध् ययन गर् दछ।-सू चित अन् तरक् रियामू लक

Seit 1992 die erste SMS verschickt wurde, hat die schriftliche handyvermittelte Kommunikation immer mehr an Bedeutung in der Alltagsinteraktion gewonnen. Technische Neuerungen wie die Einführung von internetfähigen "smart phones" sowie der hiermit verbundenen internetgestützten "messenger"-Systeme (wie z. B. WhatsApp) haben die mobile schriftliche Kommunikation nachhaltig beeinflusst.
Die Beiträge in dem vorliegenden Band nähern sich diesem Forschungsgegenstand aus verschiedenen linguistischen Perspektiven: Es werden verfestigte kommunikative Muster und Gattungen in SMS-, WhatsApp- und Facebook-Dialogen in den Blick genommen (z. B. Begrüßungen, Verabredungen, Klatsch). Deutsch-chinesisch kontrastive Arbeiten zeigen Spezifika beim Anredeverhalten und in der Vorwurfskommunikation auf. Unter variationslinguistischen Gesichtspunkten wird zudem die Bedeutung sprachlicher Variation (z. B. Codeswitching, geschlechtsspezifische Muster) in der mobilen schriftlichen Kommunikation diskutiert.

This data-driven study framed in the interactionist approach investigates the influence of social graph topology and peer interaction dynamics among foreign exchange students enrolled in an intensive language course in Germany on SLA outcomes. Applying the algorithms and metrics of computational social network analysis (SNA), we find i) that the best predictor of TL performance is reciprocal interactions in the language being acquired, ii) the proportion of output in the TL is a stronger predictor than input, iii) a negative relationship between performance and interactions with same-L1 speakers, iv) a significantly underperforming English native-speaker dominated cluster, and v) more intense interactions taking place between students of different proficiency levels.
Unlike previous Study Abroad social network research concentrating on the micro-level of individual learners’ egocentric networks, presenting an emic view only, and primarily TL native-speaker contacts, this study, constituting the first application of computational SNA to a complete learner network (sociogram), complements an etic perspective providing new insights into the link between social relations and second language acquisition, shows how social network configuration and peer learner interaction are stronger predictors of L2/L3/Lx performance than individual factors such as attitude or motivation, and offers a rigorous methodology for investigating the phenomenon.

This paper is a preliminary study of address terms based on a small corpus of talk by members of a New Zealand rugby team collected using ethnographic fieldwork. The paper first looks at how address terms are used by different Communities of Practice within the rugby team then goes on to analyse the range of discourse functions of the speech acts that contain the address terms. A comparison of the frequency of Māori and Pākehā address terms indicates that in the match day discourse of the rugby club it is Pākehā norms of address that dominate.

Keywords: New Zealand English; Māori Vernacular English; address terms; corpus-based; interactional sociolinguistics; communities of practice; solidarity; compliments; directives; familiarisers.

This course offers an introduction to linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. Some of the themes we will explore include the following: meaning in language, the use of language in context, the role of language in the organization of human activity, language and identity, the sequential organization of talk-in-interaction. To each of these topics we will adopt a comparative and cross-linguistic approach, asking about the extent and limits of human diversity as expressed through the use of language.

A language is considered as a sexist language if it conveys attitudes that stereotype a person according to gender rather than judging on individual merits. Feminists believe that English language is a sexist language because it involves negative attitudes towards women and maintains social inequalities between men and women. There are many English metaphors used to describe women in disagreeable manner, but this is rarely a case with men. Animal, food and villainous imageries are highly used to refer to women, such as: bitch, chick,-sugar, honey, tomato,-witch and so on. Animal imageries compare women with helpless creatures, food imageries with items used for sustenance and pleasure, and villainous imageries with evil creatures. More or less, in every society, women are believed to be weak and subordinate to men who are considered to be masculine. Even by linguistic items, men are presented as the head of societies. English morphology generally takes the male form as the base form, and adds suffix to construct the female form, for example: lion-lioness, tiger-tigress, actor-actress, etc. Suffix 'ess' carries connotations of lack of seriousness. By using the words 'he' and 'man' as generic forms, women are kept invisible and undermined. My first language is Bengali, so it was a question as to whether my language is also a sexist one. Sexism is also a usual feature of Bengali language, and even a careless observation on daily language can help identify the presence of sexism in Bengali. Women are sometimes referred by the following villainous imageries: Rakkhoshi (রাক্ষসী) = female monster; daini (ডাইনী) = witch. Even in terms of morphology, male form appears to be the base form in Bengali language, such as: chakor-chakrani (চাকর-চাকরানী) = servant-maidservant, shingho-shinghi (সসিংহ-সসিংহী) = lion-lioness, etc. Even names of Bengali children follow sexism; a male child is never named Nodi (নদী) = river and a female child is never named Shagor (সাগর) = sea. Even by means of names, men are presented as a strong figure and women as the subordinate figures who possess lesser strength comparing to their opposite gender. From the above discussion, it is obvious that both Bengali and English are sexist languages; delve into your language to discover sexism in your language.

Cet article propose une présentation des usages des marqueurs discursifs « be » et « ben » chez un groupe de jeunes locuteurs mauriciens âgés de 16 à 19 ans. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que « ben », marqueur discursif récemment emprunté au français de France participe de la construction d'un parler hybride caractéristique de certains jeunes. Les analyses reposent sur un corpus de 6h de conversations recueillies en 2014. L'analyse fine des interactions montrera d'une part comment ces termes sont associés à différents groupes et différentes situations et d'autre part comment ces associations sont réinvesties en interaction pour des mises en scène du discours. Abstract. The use of discourse markers "ben" and "be" by young Mauritians. In this paper, we will explore the use of discourse markers "be" and "ben" by a group of young Mauritians aged 16-19. We argue that the discourse marker "ben", recently borrowed from spoken French (from France) contributes to a particular hybrid way of talking among some young people. The analysis is based on a corpus of 6 hours of conversational data collected in 2014. A detailed interactional analysis shows how these markers are associated with different groups and situations and by the same time are contextually reinvested for discourse strategies.

"In her groundbreaking and innovative study, the author takes us on a fascinating journey through some of Madrid's multilingual and multicultural schools and reveals the role played by linguistic practices in the construction of inequality through such processes as what she calls "de-capitalization" and "ethnicization". Through a critical sociolinguistic and discourse analysis of the data collected in an ethnographic study, the book shows the exclusion caused by monolingualizing tendencies and ideologies of deficit in education and society.
The book opens a timely discussion of the management of diversity in multilingual and multicultural classrooms, both for countries with a long tradition of migration flows and for those where the phenomenon is relatively new, as is the case in Spain. This study of linguistic practices in the classroom makes clear the need to rethink some key linguistic concepts, such as practice, competence, discourse, and language, and to integrate different approaches in qualitative research.
The volume is essential reading for students and researchers working in sociolinguistics, education and related areas, as well as for all teachers and social workers who deal with the increasing heterogeneity of our late modern societies in their work."

New Issue of the Polish Journal of English Studies!

The Communication of Luxury: A Semiotic Analysis of a Luxury Brand’s
Perfume Commercial - Brygida Hurek
Evolution of the Mary Sue Character in Works by the Wattpad Social
Platform Users - Patrycja Biniek
The American Tradition of Social Satire in South Park Television Series - Przemysław Komsa
Online Grooming as a Manipulative Social Interaction: Insights from
Textual Analysis - Mariia Horskykh
Representations of Polish Migrants in British Media from the Perspective of
“Moral Panic” Theory - Alicja Portas
27th Annual Conference of the Polish Association for the Study of English
Conference Report

The aim is to explore intricate relationships between social identity and listenership in the contemporary world. This paper is specifically intended to be an empirical study of listenership behavior in intercultural encounters, in which contextually-situated and macro-social identities are intertwined, from a linguistic-anthropological perspective. The data are taken from an interaction between Australian and Japanese speakers who engage in gossip mainly in Japanese. Through analysis, I suggest that the notion of “contextualization cue” (Gumperz 1982) can conceptualize various kinds of semiotic cues by listeners, and thus is useful in constructing a more encompassing or “universal” framework applicable to a wide range of listenership behavior. Implications are discussed for modeling listenership behavior as a participation framework.

It is within this wider debate that conflates gender with far-right resentment that this issue of Anglistica AION pursues its aims. The contributions all contend a common denominator: the need to remain vigilant and steadfast when dealing with the far-right crusade against gender equality. In all the case studies in this issue, the essence of far-right resistance is embodied by a political agenda that aims to preserve heterocisnormative family ethics, traditional gender values, and the naturalised hierarchies of the conventional roles of men and women. It is against this background that the scholars whose work makes up this edited publication have approached the far-right centrality of gendered arguments and gendered policies. Through various well-established approaches in sociolinguistics (such as Corpus Linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis, Linguistic Anthropology to name but a few), each contribution analyses the importance of gender within far-right rhetoric, yielding subject matter that is both insightful and original.

El Instituto Cervantes ha venido publicando desde 2010 en internet informes sobre la situación de la lengua española en el mundo. Preparados en formato electrónico y publicados al final del primer semestre de cada año, estos documentos muestran el estado del español en su vertiente demográfica, en su papel como activo económico, en su presencia en las redes y en los ámbitos científico y cultural en 2020.

Este estudio investiga la producción a través del role-play de tres actos de habla en español por parte de tres grupos diferentes de hablantes: nativos de español, nativos de inglés con un nivel avanzado de español, y nativos de inglés con un nivel intermedio de español. Se han tenido en cuenta variables como el nivel de los estudiantes, su experiencia en el extranjero, cuántos años llevaban estudiando la lengua o su propia autopercepción del nivel que tienen. Las transcripciones de los 108 vídeos grabados se han clasificado de acuerdo con los tres actos de habla, los tres grupos, y las estrategias de acción y reacción de cada acto de habla que habían establecido investigaciones anteriores.
Los resultados muestran que los grupos difieren entre sí tanto en la interpretación de cada uno de estos actos de habla como en las estrategias utilizadas para producirlos y reaccionar a ellos, tanto verbal como gestualmente, demostrando así que la competencia pragmática no se ha adquirido al mismo nivel que la competencia gramatical en los estudiantes del grupo avanzado. Se ha podido observar, pues, transferencia negativa tanto en las estrategias utilizadas, como en la extensión y el número de los turnos producidos en los grupos de hablantes no nativos.
Como producto final, además de esta tesis, se ha creado un corpus multimodal al cual tanto investigadores como profesores y alumnos podrán acceder fácilmente a través de internet para poder trabajar con los vídeos y sus transcripciones, las cuales pueden ser descargadas fácilmente.

Palabras clave: corpus, corpus multimodal, pragmática, actos de habla, competencia pragmática, lenguaje no verbal, ELE, adquisición de segundas lenguas, adquisición de lenguas extranjeras, SLA, FLA, FTA, actos amenazantes para la imagen, pragmática intercultural, pragmática sociocognitiva, sociolingüística, rechazo, cumplido, disculpa.

Since little has been written about linguistic politeness in Ivory Coast French so far, this is a new subject to explore in interactional sociolinguistics. This study is based on a corpus of authentic oral language, recorded in a bakery in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Two main categories are studied: forms of address and the formulation of requests. The results show that politeness at the Ivorian bakery is closely linked to social closeness as well as respect for the hierarchy. Furthermore, by comparing politeness in the Ivorian material to a corpus recorded in France, we can see that the rules of politeness are not the same in these two speech communities, even though the same language is used.

The aim of this chapter is to compare the types of interaction that take place in two different
contexts of L2 Italian learning. In the first context learners attend a task-based language
learning (TBLL) course, in the second they attend a course based on a more generic communicative
approach. Our hypothesis is that different interaction patterns may be observed in
relation in different teaching contexts. Our analysis shows that this is indeed the case. These
results may help to consider the importance of the method as a factor in guided learning
contexts.

ENGLISH: Can people resist stereotyping and learn to appreciate cultural others in their otherness? This paper describes a model workshop that attempts precisely that, by helping participants see what intercultural understanding means essentially.
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ITALIANO: E' possibile resistere alla tentazione di stereotipare chi è culturalmente diverso da noi e invece apprezzarlo nella sua diversità? Questo saggio descrive un workshop con questa finalità: aiuta i partecipanti a capire cosa significa realmente la comprensione interculturale.   
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HTML version: 
http://host.uniroma3.it/docenti/boylan/text/boylan39/from_stereotyping.html
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Published in: M.L. Ennis & C.E. Riley (eds.), Practices in Intercultural Language Teaching and Learning, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017, pp.62-88. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0031-4 / ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0031-0
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Keywords: Stereotyping, Intercultural Competence, Developmental Model, Constructivist Workshop

Cet article s'intéresse à la question des idéologies langagières/linguistiques, aujourd'hui très présente dans des travaux anglophones. Il s'agit plus précisément de tester la dimension heuristique du modèle d'analyse de la construction idéologique de la différence développé par des auteures associées au champ de l'anthropologie linguistique . Dans ce but, le modèle est ici mis à l'épreuve à partir d'un contexte scolaire français dans lequel la construction de la différence sur des critères linguistiques et langagiers apparaît de manière particulièrement significative. Cette tentative nous conduit à nous interroger sur les articulations possibles entre la notion d'idéologie de la langue/du langage et le concept connexe de représentations sociales, plus répandu dans le domaine sociolinguistique francophone.

Canada is a multicultural and multilinguistic society comprising of people from many linguistic and cultural backgrounds. There was a great deal of research on immigrants their problems in settling down in new life; however, after reviewing it emerges that not much has been discussed on the problems and challenges faced by Indian Canadian immigrants.
Many educated Indian professionals immigrate to Canada, but they do not have a clear picture of problems after immigration. Most of these immigrants ended up doing odd jobs. It is not because they lack any professional qualifications; rather it is because many employers do not consider them because of the lack of Canadian experience. The question is what is in Canadian experience that an employer is looking for. The best answer is communication skills or linguistic socialization that these new immigrants are coming up short. This linguistic distance is not lacking English language proficiency. It is inadequate knowledge of the language in a situated social context.
The purpose of this literature review is to find empirical evidence in research on Indian immigrants: the problem they face in communication day-to-day language in a social setting, and how they adapt and maintain their identity in their newfound land. I would like to investigate the struggle of Indian immigrants in Canada. Many works of literature are review for this task covering code-switching, style, language and identity problems.

This paper examines the concept “Ethnography of Communication” and what it entails. It looks at the evolution of ethnography of communication as an academic discipline and a method of research. With its unique approach to the study of language, the discipline proves and establishes that a relationship exists between communication and culture and shows that the culture of a speech community may be perceived via language use in specific communicative acts and social settings. As a sub-discipline of Sociolinguistics, Its approach to language study is totally different form linguistic theories/approach such as Structuralism and Transformational Grammar.

These are brief notes that I often use when I teach Goffman, covering ‘interactional arrangements’, ‘ritual investment in interaction’, ‘individual involvements in activity’, ‘frames, realms and keying’, and ‘implications’.  Though they differ in format, they are offered to the Working Papers in the same spirit as Rob Moore’s ‘Founding concepts: Simmel and Sapir on communication’ (WPULL 232)

The relationship between language and identity has been a topic of interest for language scholars for centuries. As early as in the 1800s many philologists, including the brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, were proposing the idea that language reflected the collective identity of national communities. Emile Benveniste (1971), one of the most important linguists of the 1900s, also stressed the centrality of identity in language through the notion of subjectivity. In his view, the direct or indirect presence of the speaker as a subject in the utterance had the power to transform language as an abstract system into discourse as an act of communication. In sum, theorizations about language and identity have always had a significant place in linguistics, but it is only in the last twenty years that this field has established itself as an area of investigation in its own right within discourse studies. Because of its fundamentally cross-disciplinary status, the field presents a daunting variety and dissimilarity of theoretical and methodological orientations. This is partly due to the elusiveness of the concept of identity. Identities can be regarded as collective or individual, as social or personal, as mental constructs or as the product of actions. At the same time, language can be seen as reflecting, conveying, or constructing identities or as carrying out all those functions at the same time. Discursive approaches to identity differ, among other things, on the role that they assign to language in the communication/construction of identities and on the type of identities that they study. With respect to the first point, although most scholars would agree that language both reflects and creates identities, the stress is usually placed on one or the other (not both) of these two processes. With respect to the second point, while some researchers deal primarily with social identities such as ethnic, gender, or class categories of belonging, others focus on personal identities and yet other researchers deal with collective, abstract constructs such as national or political identities. These differences notwithstanding, modern discursive conceptions about identity have, in one way or another, all been influenced by social constructionism. Inspired by the work of phenomenologists such as Berger and Luckmann (1967), social constructionists view the relation between the individual and the social world as one of mutual constitution. They argue that although the social world appears to human beings as an objective reality it is in fact constituted through human action and interaction and is not independent of it. Thus identity is not seen as a concept that resides in the mind of the individual self but rather as a process of construction that has its locus in social interaction, while people are not seen as having one unique and homogeneous identity but as managing a complex inventory of possibilities. These notions are widely accepted in the field and underlie the work of most recent approaches to the study of identity even though, as we will see, they have been recently challenged by posthumanist thinkers. In order to highlight the contributions and methodologies of different orientations it is useful to subdivide them according to the type of identities that they analyze. Thus below discursive approaches to identity are divided into three main categories: those that deal primarily with social identities, those that focus on personal or biographical identities, and those that push for a complication of established identity theories in the face of new developments in technology and the digital world.

The book addresses the issue of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) as a goal and desired outcome of the process of L2 learning and teaching, particularly in the very complex and controversial context of English as a foreign language. The book focuses on EFL learners in formal educational contexts in Serbia, and on the 'receiving' end of the communication channel, that is, the question of how EFL learners construct meaning through the interpretation of various cues in intercultural encounters. The monograph presents three previously unpublished empirical studies in which qualitative methodology was applied. The author emphasizes the importance of the study of spoken communication, in which, in addition to the issues of genre and register, level of formality, verbal and non-verbal elements of face-to-face communication and conversational context, the role of prosody is a particularly important but insufficiently investigated aspect. In these three studies, special attention is paid to the interpretation of prosodic cues by the participants, and the participants' awareness of the role played by intonation and other prosodic cues in communicating and interpreting meaning.

Rationale
The notion of stance and stancetaking has been increasingly appealed to as the motivations for patterns of language use found in discourse analysis, linguistic anthropology, and sociolinguistic variation. There is considerable interest in using the concept in all of these fields, but there remain important recurring questions such as “What is it?” “How do I find it?” and “How is it useful?” This book will attempt to move the answers to those questions forward.
Synopsis
The book is both theoretical and methodological exploration of the usefulness of the notion of stance and stancetaking for a broadly-conceived field of sociolinguistics. The first part of the book is theoretical; after a brief discussion of how I conceive of stance, I explain how it relates to and draws from other similar ideas such as footing, positioning, and other ideas. I then explicate a theory of stance more fully. In part II, I develop the ideas further by applying stance and showing how it has been, and how it can be, used to explain patterns in discourse/interaction and sociolinguistic variation.  The final section is a ‘how to’ primer for researchers who want to use stance in their analyses. Stance can be a very abstract and ‘fuzzy’ topic; the style of this book will be such that while it uses jargon as necessary, it does not presuppose an extensive background in any of the target subfields, only a basic understanding of what one would learn in an introductory sociolinguistics course.
While most my own research and examples are in English, I will provide notes on what kinds of devices and possibilities there are for other languages. I hope the book inspires researchers in other languages  to test the model presented for other languages with a view to revising it.