Intelligent Computational Systems

Hydrogen is a clean energy source with a relatively low pollution footprint. However, hydrogen does not exist in nature as a separate element but only in compound forms. Hydrogen is produced through a process that dissociates it from its compounds. Several methods are used for hydrogen production, which first of all differ in the energy used in this process. Investigating the viability and exact applicability of a method in a specific context requires accurate knowledge of the parameters involved in the method and the interaction between these parameters. This can be done using top-down models relying on complex mathematically driven equations. However, with the raise of computational intelligence (CI) and machine learning techniques, researchers in hydrology have increasingly been using these methods for this complex task and report promising results. The contribution of this study is to investigate the state of the art CI methods employed in hydrogen production, and to identify the CI method(s) that perform better in the prediction, assessment and optimization tasks related to different types of Hydrogen production methods. The resulting analysis provides in-depth insight into the different hydrogen production methods, modeling technique and the obtained results from various scenarios, integrating them within the framework of a common discussion and evaluation paper. The identified methods were benchmarked by a qualitative analysis of the accuracy of CI in modeling hydrogen production, providing extensive overview of its usage to empower renewable energy utilization.

This paper brings together the theory of Argumentation in AI with the Psychology of Story Comprehension to develop a KRR framework for Narrative Text Comprehension. The proposed framework is based on a computational understanding of the general psychological principles of coherency and cognitive economy for text comprehension. In this first part of the study the work concentrates on the central problem of integration (or elaboration) of the explicit information from the text with the implicit (in the reader's mind) common sense world knowledge pertaining to the topic(s) of the story given in the text. We show how the major challenges for a successful story comprehension are closely related to those of NMR, as found in Default Reasoning and Reasoning about Action and Change and the specific problems of Knowledge Qualification and Revision within these areas and, how an appropriate formulation through argumentation can give a basis for automating the construction and revision of a coherent comprehension model of a narrative. We report on a first set of empirical experiments to harness the implicit world knowledge used by humans reading a story to guide the background knowledge given as input to our framework and present a prototype system that is used to evaluate the ability of our approach to capture both the majority and the variability of understanding of a story by the human readers in the experiment. The strong inter-disciplinary nature of our work can help us to examine closely and improve our understanding of the computational nature of common sense knowledge while at the same time offering a concrete and important testbed for evaluating the development of KRR frameworks in AI.

This paper develops a Reasoning about Actions and Change framework integrated with Default Reasoning, suitable as a Knowledge Representation and Reasoning framework for Story Comprehension. The proposed framework, which is guided strongly by existing knowhow from the Psychology of Reading and Comprehension, is based on the theory of argumentation from AI. It uses argumentation to capture appropriate solutions to the frame, ramification and qualification problems and generalizations of these problems required for text comprehension. In this first part of the study the work concentrates on the central problem of integration (or elaboration) of the explicit information from the narrative in the text with the implicit (in the reader's mind) common sense world knowledge pertaining to the topic(s) of the story given in the text. We also report on our empirical efforts to gather background common sense world knowledge used by humans when reading a story and to evaluate, through a prototype system, the ability of our approach to capture both the majority and the variability of understanding of a story by the human readers in the experiments.

This paper presents a novel application of argumentation for automated Story Comprehension (SC). It uses argumentation to develop a computational approach for SC as this is understood and studied in psychology. Argumentation provides uniform solutions to various representational and reasoning problems required for SC such as the frame, ramification, and qualification problems, as well as the problem of contrapositive reasoning with default information. The grounded semantics of argumentation provides a suitable basis for the construction and revision of comprehension models, through the synthesis of the explicit information from the narrative in the text with the implicit (in the reader's mind) common sense world knowledge pertaining to the topic(s) of the story given in the text. We report on the empirical evaluation of the approach through a prototype system and its ability to capture both the majority and the variability of understanding of stories by human readers. This application of argumentation can provide an important test-bed for the more general development of computational argumentation.

This paper develops a Reasoning about Actions and Change framework integrated with Default Reasoning, suitable as a Knowledge Representation and Reasoning framework for Story Comprehension. The proposed framework, which is guided strongly by existing knowhow from the Psychology of Reading and Comprehension, is based on the theory of argumentation from AI. It uses argumentation to capture appropriate solutions to the frame, ramification and qualification problems and generalizations of these problems required for text comprehension. In this first part of the study the work concentrates on the central problem of integration (or elaboration) of the explicit information from the narrative in the text with the implicit (in the reader's mind) common sense world knowledge pertaining to the topic(s) of the story given in the text. We also report on our empirical efforts to gather background common sense world knowledge used by humans when reading a story and to evaluate, through a prototype system, the ability of our approach to capture both the majority and the variability of understanding of a story by the human readers in the experiments.