Information Technology Ethics

A new method of electricity generation based on Pathor Kuchi Leaf (Genus: Kalanchoe, Section: Bryophyllum) has been developed at the Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka- 1100, Bangladesh. This electricity generation method has several advantages for smart grid over the conventional electricity production. This sustainable method is likely to generate the employment at particularly in the rural areas of where grid electricity is absent. This research work reports an invention made on Pathor Kuchi Leaf (PKL) electric power plant to enhance the PKL electricity production. The efficiency of the PKl electricity production device, Short Circuit Current ( Isc ), Open circuit Voltage ( Voc ), Temperature effect of the PKL malt, pH of the PKL malt, Titratable acidity of the PKL malt, Generation of PKL electricity, Storage system of the PKL electricity, Particular utilization of PKL electricity, I-V characteristics of the PKL, Classification of PKL, Longevity of PKL malt for PK...

Fundamental democratic principles and values that guide our social relationships have been important concerns in the evolution of this nation's system of formal public schooling. With its increased use and reliance on advanced technologies, education faces some fundamental challenges that have potentially far-reaching implications for educational institutions, professional teaching strategies and practices, and student learning. This chapter explores the topic of technoethics as an applied field of ethics and research, viewed from a historical perspective of education in the United States and its embrace of technology. The underlying intent is to inform the readers' understanding of the basic concepts of common good, citizenship, and democratic values that are the underlying precepts associated with the history of public schooling in the United States. Additionally, the author discusses the increasingly critical need for educators to address the social and ethical dilemmas associated with new technological developments and their application to educational settings.

Situation ethics, otherwise known as the New Morality, states that in every situation each individual is responsible for reviewing the rules, norms and guidelines for action, then implementation or setting aside those rules so that love is best served. According to Gene Outka, "Situation ethics accords morally decisive weight to particular circumstances in judging whether an action is right or wrong" 1 This theory exerted its greatest influence in Europe and North America in the twentieth century, although such influence waned by 1980's. According to Joseph Fletcher, "It is an old posture with a new and contemporary look". 2 It is a method of moral decision making which extricates us from what Fletcher will call the Odium Theologicum which simply says that it is not catholic or protestant or orthodox or humanist inclined. It is a reaction to these extreme legalistic tendencies in traditional Christian morality that brought about the emergence of situation ethics. Omoregbe affirms this when he said "Situation Ethics is largely a reaction

U.S. healthcare institutions are grappling with an unprecedented surge in cybersecurity incidents that threaten patient safety, data confidentiality, and operational continuity. Traditional metrics driven audits anchored in technical checklists and quantitative controls frequently overlook the human centric and organizational vulnerabilities that underpin many breaches. This paper delivers a comprehensive systematic review of 23 peer reviewed research papers, industry reports, and regulatory guidelines, augmented by a thematic analysis of survey data from 25 U.S. health systems surveyed anonymously. We identify a clear paradigm shift from purely quantitative assessments toward qualitative audit methodologies that probe governance structures, stakeholder behaviors, and cultural dynamics. Building on these insights, we introduce an intelligent agent enhanced qualitative Information Systems audit framework. The model integrates semi structured interviews, policy and artifact reviews, direct observation, and AI driven meta classification to translate nuanced findings into structured risk profiles. Audit teams now blend on site ethnographic techniques with remote AI assisted analytics, enabling real time detection of emerging threats. Our analysis uncovers five core themes: policy practice alignment, behavior-based risk indicators, continuous control monitoring, cross functional governance, and adaptive remediation loops, which traditional tools fail to capture. Case studies demonstrate that institutions applying this hybrid framework achieved a 46 percent reduction in unauthorized access events, faster incident response cycles, and a stronger regulatory compliance posture. We conclude that a flexible, culturally attuned, and technology augmented audit strategy is essential for resilient healthcare cybersecurity. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts of AI enabled qualitative audits and the scalability of this approach across diverse clinical settings.

U.S. healthcare institutions are grappling with an unprecedented surge in cybersecurity incidents that threaten patient safety, data confidentiality, and operational continuity. Traditional metrics driven audits anchored in technical checklists and quantitative controls frequently overlook the human centric and organizational vulnerabilities that underpin many breaches. This paper delivers a comprehensive systematic review of 23 peer reviewed research papers, industry reports, and regulatory guidelines, augmented by a thematic analysis of survey data from 25 U.S. health systems surveyed anonymously. We identify a clear paradigm shift from purely quantitative assessments toward qualitative audit methodologies that probe governance structures, stakeholder behaviors, and cultural dynamics. Building on these insights, we introduce an intelligent agent enhanced qualitative Information Systems audit framework. The model integrates semi structured interviews, policy and artifact reviews, direct observation, and AI driven meta classification to translate nuanced findings into structured risk profiles. Audit teams now blend on site ethnographic techniques with remote AI assisted analytics, enabling real time detection of emerging threats. Our analysis uncovers five core themes: policy practice alignment, behavior-based risk indicators, continuous control monitoring, cross functional governance, and adaptive remediation loops, which traditional tools fail to capture. Case studies demonstrate that institutions applying this hybrid framework achieved a 46 percent reduction in unauthorized access events, faster incident response cycles, and a stronger regulatory compliance posture. We conclude that a flexible, culturally attuned, and technology augmented audit strategy is essential for resilient healthcare cybersecurity. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts of AI enabled qualitative audits and the scalability of this approach across diverse clinical settings.

The purpose of this chapter is to review the key issues and reveal the cultural assumptions underlying the issues and intercultural competencies for building sustaining loving relationships between Americans and Japanese in bicultural marriages. Transforming bicultural misunderstandings into trusting relationships in bicultural relationships is the ultimate goal of the authors. There is power in empathy, in building shared goals, in a mutual appreciation for diversity, and in continual efforts toward resolving misunderstandings through utilizing intercultural competencies. Cultural interpretations and intercultural competencies applied to the issues most commonly identified in bicultural marriages can be utilized to strengthen and sustain loving relationships between Japanese and Americans. Educators, counselors, friends, and families who strive to support struggling partners in bicultural marriages may find these thoughts and practices applicable.

This article presents three lines of evidence: the technical feasibility demonstrated in LoRA and related papers, the individual ownership of high-end computing resources such as the M4 Mac or GPU-equipped PCs, and the accessibility of local LLM environments through tools like Ollama. Alongside the positive applications of AI (e.g., medical and humanitarian support in conflict regions), it also highlights the risks of misuse, including brainwashing, terrorism, and forced labor. As a problem statement, it argues for the establishment of industry associations to provide awareness campaigns, user education, ethics training, and accessible reporting and consultation channels. The article calls on AI ethics researchers to examine how such risks can be structurally prevented.

This paper investigates the sociological implications of robotics and automation on labour relations and workforce dynamics in contemporary workplace. It critically examines the trend of robotics and automation and how it is reshaping employees' social relations, employeremployee relations, employment structures and collective bargaining in work places. The study revealed that the spate of adoption of robotics and automation are on the increase, as newer one types of robots are created always and this is negatively affecting industrial relations, labour relations, weaken trade unionism, enhancing deskilling and intensifying work place fragmentation. Drawing on the alienation theory accounts for weakening workers agencies as they lost their work identity as automation robotics is taking over. In terms of methodology, the paper utilizes secondary data to depict the social reality of the trend of the innovation on industrial relations. Through comparative insights from industrial and post-industrial contexts, it argues that robotics is not only transforming, redefining work but also reshaping social relations and worker agency in the world of work. The paper concludes by advocating for a renewed sociological engagement with the future of work-one that centres on the experiences of workers, rethinks industrial relations frameworks, and foreground inclusive and just transitions in the era of robotics as complimentary or alternative labour force.

'Big Data' refers to extensive, interconnected datasets that are continuously generated and updated, encompassing a wide variety of sources, formats, and applications. It includes a significant portion of anonymized personal data as well as non-human data, such as derived datasets and by-products produced through everyday digital activities and human-machine interactions. These data points include traces from online shopping, browsing history, search queries, system logs, sensor readings, weather data, and aggregated location data. For the purposes of this study, the term ‘Big Data’ specifically denotes this broad spectrum of data categories, explicitly excluding any personally identifying or legally protected data. By concentrating on these datasets, the study argues that certain forms of Big Data can be governed as shared resources or a ‘common heritage of humanity,’ supporting initiatives like data commons, open data movements, open government data, and data cooperatives, and emphasizing the potential for collaborative stewardship and equitable access for the public good. However, ethical considerations surrounding Big Data are complex due to novel dilemmas arising within the evolving cyberworld. In response, this study draws on the concept of stewardship within Catholic Social Teaching, with particular focus on “Laudato Si’,” and presents it as a guiding ethical principle for responsible data custodianship, upholding human dignity, ensuring accountability, and harnessing Big Data’s potential for the common good. Just as “Laudato Si'” highlights our interconnectedness within the biosphere, this parallels our interconnectedness within the datasphere—the digital ecosystem—underscoring the necessity of stewardship in both domains.

Preface. Contrary to orthodox opinion it is argued that Kant's reply to Constant, On a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Benevolent Motives, is fully justifiable on both moral and legal grounds. Kant's reply requires clearly understanding his concepts of 'a right' (ein Recht) and a juridical as well as a moral duty together with their role in the two key propositions on which his argument is based, the first often ignored or misunderstood and the second universally rejected: (1), a 'right to lie' as an externally enforceable entitlement to make intentionally false declarations is incompatible with a rational system of Justice (das Recht), and (2), in Kant's particular version of 'the murderer at the door', an unconditional duty of veracity, that is, truthfulness or honesty in declarations, does not give rise to a conflict of duties as unqualified moral obligations. Since there are a number of significant but frequently overlooked differences between Kant and Constant in the construction of the case in question it will be as well to recall Kant's opening remarks and the issues he proposes to address. This is followed by preliminary observations on the unresolved interpretative problems of his reply as a whole.

Speech is one of the oldest and most natural medium of human interaction. So, it is understandable that there is a need today, to make our computers interact using speech as well. In recent times, recurrent neural networks (RNN) have been the pinnacle of sequential data modeling techniques. They have achieved an apparent ubiquity as far as techniques to model sequential data are concerned. However, training RNN is a time-consuming task. A typical RNN can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to be trained. Also, RNN requires notoriously strong hardware to be trained. The weaker the hardware, the more time it takes. According to recent studies, Convolutional Neural Networks are proved to be easier and cheaper to train due to high parallelizability. This paper aims at analyzing and reviewing a novel TTS technique using CNN instead of RNN that can alleviate the massive economic costs of training on RNN based models. In this experiment, an ordinary gaming PC was used to train the network. It took considerably less time to train than its recurrent counterpart and the quality of the resulting speech was acceptable.

Speech is one of the oldest and most natural medium of human interaction. So, it is understandable that there is a need today, to make our computers interact using speech as well. In recent times, recurrent neural networks (RNN) have been the pinnacle of sequential data modeling techniques. They have achieved an apparent ubiquity as far as techniques to model sequential data are concerned. However, training RNN is a time-consuming task. A typical RNN can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to be trained. Also, RNN requires notoriously strong hardware to be trained. The weaker the hardware, the more time it takes. According to recent studies, Convolutional Neural Networks are proved to be easier and cheaper to train due to high parallelizability. This paper aims at analyzing and reviewing a novel TTS technique using CNN instead of RNN that can alleviate the massive economic costs of training on RNN based models. In this experiment, an ordinary gaming PC was used to train the network. It took considerably less time to train than its recurrent counterpart and the quality of the resulting speech was acceptable.

The problem of fair machine learning has drawn much attention over the last few years and the bulk of offered solutions are, in principle, empirical. However, algorithmic fairness also raises important conceptual issues that would fail to be addressed if one relies entirely on empirical considerations. Herein, I will argue that the current debate has developed an empirical framework that has brought important contributions to the development of algorithmic decision-making, such as new techniques to discover and prevent discrimination, additional assessment criteria, and analyses of the interaction between fairness and predictive accuracy. However, the same framework has also suggested higher-order issues regarding the translation of fairness into metrics and quantifiable trade-offs. Although the (empirical) tools which have been developed so far are essential to address discrimination encoded in data and algorithms, their integration into society elicits key (conceptual) questions s...

Modern robots have been used in different applications including welding, painting, soldering, assembly of different products and in education. List of applications is getting even longer because robot performance is improving. Faculties are following industries involving robots in their curriculum, while industry is interested in new ideas including new applications and their improvements from the university. Modern robots are user-friendly for programming so the lack of knowledge about robot applications seems to be the main obstacle in their wider implementation. Collaborative robots or cobots are sophisticated robots which could operate with other robots and with workers in the factory. Recent opening of Yaskawa factory in Kočevje, Slovenia, near border with Croatia, has significant impact on integrating the robots in production and education in central and South-east Europe.

این متن، ترجمه مصاحبه‌ای با میشل فوکو ، فیلسوف برجسته فرانسوی، است که در آن به بررسی عمیق دغدغه‌های فکری خود می‌پردازد. محور اصلی این گفتگو، مفهوم «اخلاق مراقبت از خود» و ارتباط آن با سوبژکتیویته، حقیقت، قدرت و آزادی است.
مهمترین نکات مطرح شده توسط فوکو در این مصاحبه عبارتند از:
دغدغه اصلی تفکر: فوکو همواره در پی آن بوده است که بفهمد چگونه «سوژه انسانی در برخی بازی‌های حقیقت» قرار می‌گیرد ؛ این بازی‌ها می‌توانند علمی باشند یا در نهادها و شیوه‌های کنترل نمود پیدا کنند.
مفهوم مراقبت از خود: او «مراقبت از خود» را نوعی «تمرین خود» می‌داند که در تمدن‌های یونان و روم باستان از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار بوده است. این مفهوم در معنای گسترده، نوعی «زهد» است که فرد برای رشد و تغییر خود و رسیدن به حالت خاصی از وجود، بر خود کار می‌کند.
آزادی و رهایی: فوکو نسبت به مفهوم «رهایی» محتاط است. او معتقد است رهایی به تنهایی برای تعریف «شیوه‌های آزادی» کافی نیست و گاهی فقط راه را برای «روابط جدید قدرت» هموار می‌کند که باید با «اعمال آزادی» کنترل شوند.
اخلاق و آزادی: به نظر فوکو، آزادی باید «اخلاقی» شود. اخلاق «بخش بازتاب‌دهنده آزادی» است و آزادی «شرط هستی‌شناختی اخلاق» محسوب می‌شود.
روابط قدرت: فوکو «روابط قدرت» را بسیار گسترده و متحرک می‌داند و آن را با «حالت‌های سلطه» متفاوت می‌شمارد. او تاکید می‌کند که روابط قدرت تنها در صورتی امکان‌پذیرند که «سوژه‌ها آزاد باشند».
مراقبت از خود و دیگران: «مراقبت از خود فی‌نفسه اخلاقی» است و بر روابط پیچیده با دیگران دلالت دارد. او معتقد است که مراقبت از خود از نظر اخلاقی مقدم بر مراقبت از دیگران است، زیرا «رابطه با خود از نظر هستی‌شناختی مقدم است».
ماهیت سوژه: فوکو سوژه را «یک جوهر نیست بلکه یک فرم است» که همواره ثابت نیست و می‌تواند در طول تاریخ و در «بازی‌های حقیقت» و «اعمال قدرت» شکل‌های متفاوتی به خود بگیرد.
رابطه فلسفه و سیاست: به عقیده فوکو، «رابطه بین فلسفه و سیاست دائمی و اساسی است». کارکرد انتقادی فلسفه در زیر سوال بردن سلطه در هر سطحی، از دستور سقراطی «مواظب خودت باش» سرچشمه می‌گیرد.
حقیقت و قدرت: «بازی‌های حقیقت» به معنای مجموعه‌ای از قواعدی هستند که حقیقت بر اساس آن‌ها تولید می‌شود و لزوماً به معنای سرگرمی نیستند. فوکو ارتباط بین «بازی‌های حقیقت» و «روابط قدرت» را می‌پذیرد. او معتقد است که هدف، رسیدن به «قواعد قانون، تکنیک‌های مدیریت و همچنین اخلاقیات» است که به ما امکان می‌دهد «بازی‌های قدرت را با کمترین تسلط ممکن انجام دهیم».

The positive qualities of the Internet-anonymity, openness, and reproducibility have added a new ethical dimension to the privacy debate. This paper describes a new and significant way in which privacy is violated. A type of personal information, called 'virtual information' is described and the effectiveness of techniques to protect this type of information is examined. This examination includes a discussion of technical approaches and professional standards as ways to address this violation of 'virtual information.'

The research investigates how managers perceive AI transparency through accessibility, comprehensibility, and fairness which determines their level of interaction with AI-assisted decision systems. Managerial interaction serves as the outcome variable which this study categorizes into three ordered levels: low, moderate, and high. The research combines explainable AI frameworks (LIME and SHAP) with organizational trust and transparency models to connect cognitive and ethical aspects of human–AI interaction. A structured survey was conducted among 180 managers from three key sectors in Morocco: banking, telecommunications and retail. The questionnaire was developed from validated scales and analyzed by logistic regression models, run in Python for algorithmic flexibility and in SAS to ensure statistical robustness and reproducibility.

Modern computers utilize a model based on a simple Turing machine concept. This study contains an extensive comparative review of classical and quantum algorithm approaches to solving a system of linear equations. The study details standard classical approaches like Gaussian Elimination or Conjugate Gradient Method and compares these with the algorithm of quantum theory algorithm HHL (Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd). It considers the logic behind each of them, their benchmarks, scalability, implementation difficulties and practical use. Benchmarking results illustrate the fact that a classical approach continues to do especially good for small to moderate sized problems. However, quantum computation has the potential for an exponential speedup using algorithms like HHL in well-conditioned sparse matrices. The current limits of the hardware are discussed and future research directions needed to be able to utilize quantum computing for larger scale linear algebra problems are presented.

Text summarisation is compressed or condensed version of any text document. Due to increasing use of digitisation, massive amount of information is available on internet. Text summarisation is an emerging alternative for users to find relative information in automated shortened versions. In this paper we propose single document summarisation technique using shallow features of sentence to generate summary. The weight of sentences is calculated by applying score of different words and sentence-based statistical features. Here, most salient sentences are selected based on weight of sentences and are put together to generate summary. This is modeled using fuzzy inference system. This approach utilises fuzzy inference and fuzzy measures to find most significant sentences. The result of our proposed method is compared with other methods using recall oriented understudy for Gisting evaluation (ROUGE-N) measures on document understanding conferences (DUC) 2002 dataset and results show that our proposed method outperforms a few baseline methods.

Data visualization serves as a crucial instrument for understanding and conveying intricate datasets through visual formats. As data becomes increasingly central to decision-making in domains such as business, healthcare, governance, and scientific research, effective visualization is key to translating raw data into meaningful insights. This paper explores the evolution, tools, best practices, and psychological and ethical considerations of data visualization. By examining successful visualization practices and highlighting common pitfalls, this research underscores the vital role of clear, ethical, and well-designed visuals in enabling informed decisions. The study combines literature review, case analysis, and expert guidance to recommend practical and responsible visualization strategies that maximize understanding and impact.

In this paper, we argue that, under a specific set of circumstances, designing and employing certain kinds of VR experiences can be unethical. After a general discussion of simulations and their ethical context, we begin our argument by distinguishing between the experiences generated by different media (text, film, computer game simulation, and VR simulation), and argue that VR experiences offer an unprecedented degree of what we call "perspectival fidelity" that prior modes of simulation lack. Additionally, we argue that when VR experiences couple this perspectival fidelity with what we call "context realism," VR experiences have the ability to produce "virtually real experiences." We claim that virtually real experiences generate ethical issues for VR technologies that are unique to the medium. Because subjects of these experiences treat them as if they were real, a higher degree of ethical scrutiny should be applied to any VR scenario with the potential to generate virtually real experiences. To mitigate this unique moral hazard, we propose and defend what we call "The Equivalence Principle." This principle states that "if it would be wrong to allow subjects to have a certain experience in reality, then it would be wrong to allow subjects to have that experience in a virtually real setting." We argue that such a principle, although limited in scope, should be part of the risk analysis conducted by any Institutional Review Boards, psychologists, empirically oriented philosophers, or game designers who are using VR technology in their work.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized content generation across media, education, marketing, communication, and religion. However, the same technology harbors significant ethical risks when misused. This paper explores the darker dimensions of AI-generated content, including misinformation, cultural distortion, psychological manipulation, and the erosion of truth and trust through deepfakes, synthetic sermons, and auto-plagiarized papers. Special attention is on the misuse of AI in academic and religious settings. Drawing from current theoretical frameworks and literature, this article presents a critical evaluation of the moral implications, potential harms, and the urgent need for ethical oversight.

This paper proposes a new ethical framework that transcends traditional divisions between deontological and utilitarian approaches by integrating technological possibility, moral obligation, and developmental responsibility. Through analysis of AI behavior, historical examples, and contemporary challenges, this work demonstrates how ethics can serve as a universal language for resolving ideological conflicts. The proposed three-dimensional framework evaluates actions based on what is technically possible, whether it should be done ethically, and what improvements should be pursued even if currently impossible. By observing that AI systems consistently demonstrate ethical behavior without consciousness or subjective experience, this study reveals fundamental limitations in human moral reasoning and offers practical solutions to problems ranging from platform governance to historical reconciliation. Unlike traditional ethical theories 1 that often become rigid or lead to minority sacrifice, this integrated approach provides flexible yet principled guidance for complex moral decisions in rapidly changing technological and social environments.

Recent years have yielded many discussions on how to endow autonomous agents with the ability to make ethical decisions, and the need for explicit ethical reasoning and transparency is a persistent theme in this literature. We present a modular and transparent approach to equip autonomous agents with the ability to comply with ethical prescriptions, while still enacting pre-learned optimal behaviour. Our approach relies on a normative supervisor module, that integrates a theorem prover for defeasible deontic logic within the control loop of a reinforcement learning agent. The supervisor operates as both an event recorder and an on-the-fly compliance checker w.r.t. an external norm base. We successfully evaluated our approach with several tests using variations of the game Pac-Man, subject to a variety of "ethical" constraints.

This article examines the erosion of ethos—the enunciative subject—in texts generated by artificial intelligence. Drawing from rhetorical theory and discourse analysis, it investigates how algorithmic language simulates legitimacy through grammatical impersonality, bypassing the traditional anchoring of authority in a speaker's ethical posture. From Aristotelian rhetoric to contemporary epistemology, ethos has functioned as a foundational element in establishing discursive credibility. However, in large language models, legitimacy is produced without subjectivity, intentionality, or embodied responsibility. This paper analyzes this shift across four dimensions: the grammatical void of the enunciator, the simulation of neutrality as rhetorical strategy, the rise of impersonal structures that entail no risk or accountability, and the reader’s disoriented obedience to statements without authorship. We argue that AI-driven discourse constitutes a new form of legitimacy without subject—statistically plausible, structurally coherent, and epistemically opaque. The findings are part of a broader research program presented in Grammars of Power.

The pervasive use of digital devices among high school learners has prompted apprehension regarding its adverse impact on their well-being. The researchers were motivated to examine 74 high school students' digital habits and lifestyles at a Catholic school in Phitsanulok, Thailand to develop a digital well-being framework that would support students with poor digital health, habits, and lifestyles and promote healthy digital wellbeing. The study aimed to assist educators and policymakers in safeguarding the digital health of high school learners in a digital world. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design. The framework employed was derived from the six pillars of digital wellbeing as outlined by Emerson Hospital and Turning Life On reflected on the study Torres and Madera (2024). The questionnaire for this study was also derived from the above-mentioned study. The data were recorded, analyzed, and interpreted in the following manner: 4: strongly agree; 3: agree; 2: disagree; 1: strongly disagree. Respondents exhibited a general sense of positivity and high levels of satisfaction in the following domains: physical, mental, spiritual, social, intellectual, and privacy and safety: digital well-being. These variables require additional enhancement, despite their mutually favorable perceptions. The study recommended to implement a balanced digital well-being framework to enhance secondary learners' digital well-being, optimize the use of technology for both personal and scholastic gain, protect learners from online hazards, and facilitate the attainment of their academic goals and maximum potential.

To overcome ''digital reductionism,ÕÕ a new kind of mechanical view on human beings, fundamental informatics provides some critical viewpoints. It regards information as ''meaningÕÕ generated in living things which do not exist alone but are parts of ecological system. On the other hand, V. E. Frankl proposed two dimensions of humans: homo sapiens and homo patiens. The latter is the essential aspect of humans whose essence is ''compassion,ÕÕ while the former is the nature like a mechanical machine. As features of living things, unrestricted ability of interpretation as well as inseparable relationships between others underlies both in FranklÕs thought and fundamental informatics. This viewpoint can be applied to the concept of ''information literacy.ÕÕ

Collapse Harmonics Theory models identity disintegration as a recursive process bounded not by therapeutic insight or symbolic closure, but by lawful recursion inhibition. This paper introduces Layer Ø, a formal non-generative structure that terminates recursive identity systems without symbolic output, integration, or narrative resolution. Unlike phase transitions or symbolic transformation, Layer Ø is defined as a structural null: a field-internal point at which recursion is blocked, resonance mapping fails, and self-reference cannot complete. The absence of such a structure-particularly in recursive therapeutic, spiritual, or synthetic identity systems-results in false closure, saturation, and coherence mimicry. We present Layer Ø as a foundational law of containment within Collapse Harmonics, codified as a non-referential architecture embedded at the terminus of all lawful recursive models. The paper outlines its ontological placement beneath field stack layers, its enforcement role in collapse-phase protocols (CHCP), and its integration within containment ethics frameworks including L.E.C.T. and CHISM. Clinical, symbolic, and generative systems lacking Layer Ø are shown to remain vulnerable to post-collapse recursion, symbolic reformation, and recursive simulation artifacts. The paper concludes that Layer Ø is not a symbolic metaphor, but a structural law required to halt identity recursion. Its inclusion marks the completion boundary for collapse without coherence.

two chapters introduce the reader to the vision the book offers, while the next three chapters provide the conceptual framework in which the issues are couched. The next seven chapters provide detailed discussions of current and soonto-come technologies, employing the conceptual framework developed earlier. Important work in isolating certain underlying assumptions behind the various technologies is done in these chapters. The final three chapters address the questions about what is to be done and how it should be done. Wallach's proposals for how it should be done need to be carefully studied and discussed. The plan of this essay review is to examine and extensively comment upon the entire book, adhering as much as possible to the order of presentation in ADM. A remarkable feature of ADM is the explicit foundation that it provides for understanding technology, as well as the landscape in our society (and world) that it partially creates. For instance, the kinds of decisions that are made concerning a particular technology can be broadly classified into three distinct groups: (1) to embrace the technology, (2) to embrace the technology, but also regulate it, and (3) to reject the technology. This is a useful classification, since refinements to each kind of decision can be easily made and discussed in the context of the overall kind of decision that it is. Moreover, when venues for pursuing discussion of technologies are introduced toward the end of the book, the explicit foundation already laid makes it easier to understand how these venues will look-the forms which they will take and how feasible it would be for them to take such forms. There is also critical scrutiny within the foundation of the different kinds of values that inform our decisions about technologies and our judgments about their usefulness in achieving what we want. For example, a broad division of values is madeinstrumental values and humanistic values. Instances of the former are the value of being responsible and the value of * Jeff Buechner

Phishing is one of the prevailing means of performing cyber-attacks. Spoofed email, social media, development of clone website are the main medium used by various phishers in order to steal the private information of an individual. Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are the main source for sharing malwares, trojans and false information. Therefore, the accurate classification between legit and phishing url is very much important. Traditional methods of detecting phishing url were mainly rely on the blacklisting and signature based methods. Both of these methods are time consuming process and can not work effectively on new set of URL. Many machine learning classifiers also have been used, to classify the URL as phishing or legit. But, with traditional machine learning approaches, low accurate results have been achieved. Therefore, in this work we propoosed the use of ensemble learning methods. Where we have used the Bagging, AdaBoost, Random Forest and Gradient boosting algorithms. La...

The paper discusses two answers to the question, How to address the harmful effects of technology? The first response proposes a complete separation of science from culture, religion, and ethics. The second response finds harm in the logic and method of science itself. The paper deploys a feminist technoscience approach to overcome these accounts of neutral or deterministic technological agency. In this technoscience perspective, agency is not an attribute of autonomous human users alone but enacted and performed in socio-material configurations of people and technology and their 'intra-actions'. This understanding of agency is proposed as an alternative that opens up for the reconfiguration of design and use for more ethical effects, such as the cultivation of cognitive justice, the equal treatment and representation of different ways of knowing the world. The implication of this approach is that design becomes an adaptive and ongoing intra-active process in which more desirable configurations of people and technology become possible.

Values such as respect for autonomy, safety, enablement, independence, privacy and social connectedness should be reflected in the design of social robots. The same values should affect the process by which robots are introduced into the homes of older people to support independent living. These values may, however, be in tension. We explored what potential users thought about these values, and how the tensions between them could be resolved. With the help of partners in the ACCOMPANY project, 21 focus groups (123 participants) were convened in France, the Netherlands and the UK. These groups consisted of: (i) older people, (ii) informal carers and (iii) formal carers of older people. The participants were asked to discuss scenarios in which there is a conflict between older people and others over how a robot should be used, these conflicts reflecting tensions between values. Participants favoured compromise, persuasion and negotiation as a means of reaching agreement. Roles and related rolenorms for the robot were thought relevant to resolving tensions, as were hypothetical agreements between users and robot-providers before the robot is introduced into the home. Participants' understanding of each of the valuesautonomy, safety, enablement, independence, privacy and social connectedness-is reported. Participants tended to agree that autonomy often has priority over the other values, with the exception in certain cases of safety. The second part of the paper discusses how the values could be incorporated into the design of social robots and operationalised in line with the views expressed by the participants.

This paper introduces the Inner Capital Framework, a trauma-informed, purpose-led digital model for integrating artificial intelligence into survivor-centered, justice-oriented work. By grounding AI in emotional intelligence, real-world resource access, and a refusal of judgment, Inner Capital offers a vision for technology rooted not in extraction, but in dignity. This paper explores the creation of Inner Capital Friend, a customized GPT trained to support individuals navigating survival, healing, and soc... Introduction: The Problem of Judgment in Tech and Care Judgment, both implicit and institutional, has long shaped the design of tools, systems, and servicesespecially those aimed at the marginalized. In the realms of social work, education, criminal justice, and even healthcare, judgment often functions as a gatekeeper to support. The same logic has permeated the tech world, where artificial intelligence is too often optimized for speed, scale, and surveillancenot care. This judgment is not always overt. It hides in default settings, in who tech is "built for," in what it assumes users need. And for those navigating trauma, poverty, housing instability, addiction recovery, or systemic neglect, the consequence is disconnection. These users are either overlooked entirely or handed solutions that misunderstand their needs. The result is not neutrality, but harm.

Background Matrix Chain Multiplication (MCM) is a fundamental problem in computational mathematics and computer science, often encountered in scientific computing, graphics, and machine learning. Traditional MCM optimization techniques use Dynamic Programming (DP) with Memoization to determine the optimal parenthesization for minimizing the number of scalar multiplications. However, standard matrix multiplication still operates in O(n 3) time complexity, leading to inefficiencies for large matrices. Methods In this paper, we propose a hybrid optimization technique that integrates Strassen's algorithm into MCM to further accelerate matrix multiplication. Our approach consists of two key phases: (i) matrix chain order optimization, using a top-down memoized DP approach, we compute the best multiplication sequence, and (ii) hybrid multiplication strategy, we selectively apply Strassen's algorithm for large matrices (n ≥ 128), reducing the complexity from O(n 3) to O(n 2.81), while using standard multiplication for smaller matrices to avoid recursive overhead. We evaluate the performance of our hybrid method through computational experiments comparing execution time, memory usage, and numerical accuracy against traditional MCM and Strassen's standalone multiplication.

A volunteer effort by Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers has shown it can deliver significant research outcomes rapidly to help tackle COVID-19. Within two months, CLAIRE's self-organising volunteers delivered the World's first comprehensive curated repository of COVID-19-related datasets useful for drug-repurposing, drafted review papers on the role CT/X-ray scan analysis and robotics could play, and progressed research in other areas. Given the pace required and nature of voluntary efforts, the teams faced a number of challenges. These offer insights in how better to prepare for future volunteer scientific efforts and large scale, data-dependent AI collaborations in general. We offer seven recommendations on how to best leverage such efforts and collaborations in the context of managing future crises.

La nozione di trasparenza, nel suo significato originario nell’ottica fisica, indica la proprietà posseduta da un materiale di poter essere attraversato dalla luce, mostrandoci quindi ciò che si trova al di là di esso. Un materiale, quanto più è trasparente, tanto più efficacemente si nasconde e dà l’impressione di non esserci. La fortuna dell’uso metaforico di questo concetto risiede in questa sua ambiguità: un oggetto, un’istituzione, una pratica sono “trasparenti” nella misura in cui esistono e esercitano la propria funzione non apparendo, come se non ci fossero. Per questo la trasparenza diventa sinonimo di apertura illimitata e accesso diretto alla realtà. Essa tende ad occultare la natura dei processi di mediazione che sono comunque in gioco e le zone d’ombra che accompagnano ogni processo che si pretende trasparente. E allo stesso tempo però il bisogno di trasparenza nasce proprio per comprendere il senso profondo delle mediazioni e renderle accessibili perché non siano semplicemente una barriera, invisibile ma reale, alla comprensione del mondo. Sin dagli albori della società digitale, pertanto, “trasparenza” è diventata una parola chiave, nella convinzione che l’accesso a un’enorme massa di informazioni potesse spalancarci le porte di una totalità trasparente, migliorando così la nostra conoscenza del mondo, degli eventi, dei processi deliberativi e decisionali. Essa si è trasformata in un vero e proprio imperativo che ha fatto della disintermediazione l’antidoto alle opacità del potere e la condizione essenziale per la fiducia nei confronti delle istituzioni che sta alla base della partecipazione democratica. Tale imperativo non si è manifestato unicamente a livello politico nel rapporto verticale tra cittadini e governanti, ma si è esteso anche a livello orizzontale nelle relazioni sociali fino a implicare la vita personale. In ogni ambito la trasparenza sembra oggi elevarsi a valore assoluto e a principio indiscutibile, facendo dimenticare le ambiguità e i rischi di questo concetto. Questo entusiasmo per la visibilità totale elude però un dato di fatto: la trasparenza non è l’assenza di mediazione e quella che definiamo come “disintermediazione” si traduce inevitabilmente in nuove forme di mediazione che magari diventano anche meno “trasparenti” perché sono più subdole e difficili da individuare. Un medium “trasparente” permette di vedere una porzione di realtà, ma ne nasconde un’altra. Ogni relazione sociale che si pretende trasparente è in realtà guidata da scelte individuali e collettive che strutturano specifici “regimi di visibilità”. Da questa ambiguità e dal suo occultamento derivano alcuni problemi che una riflessione critica sulla cultura e sulla società deve oggi affrontare.

La nozione di trasparenza, nel suo significato originario nell’ottica fisica, indica la proprietà posseduta da un materiale di poter essere attraversato dalla luce, mostrandoci quindi ciò che si trova al di là di esso. Un materiale, quanto più è trasparente, tanto più efficacemente si nasconde e dà l’impressione di non esserci.
La fortuna dell’uso metaforico di questo concetto risiede in questa sua ambiguità: un oggetto, un’istituzione, una pratica sono “trasparenti” nella misura in cui esistono e esercitano la propria funzione non apparendo, come se non ci fossero. Per questo la trasparenza diventa sinonimo di apertura illimitata e accesso diretto alla realtà. Essa tende ad occultare la natura dei processi di mediazione che sono comunque in gioco e le zone d’ombra che accompagnano ogni processo che si pretende trasparente. E allo stesso tempo però il bisogno di trasparenza nasce proprio per comprendere il senso profondo delle mediazioni e renderle accessibili perché non siano semplicemente una barriera, invisibile ma reale, alla comprensione del mondo.
Sin dagli albori della società digitale, pertanto, “trasparenza” è diventata una parola chiave, nella convinzione che l’accesso a un’enorme massa di informazioni potesse spalancarci le porte di una totalità trasparente, migliorando così la nostra conoscenza del mondo, degli eventi, dei processi deliberativi e decisionali. Essa si è trasformata in un vero e proprio imperativo che ha fatto della disintermediazione l’antidoto alle opacità del potere e la condizione essenziale per la fiducia nei confronti
delle istituzioni che sta alla base della partecipazione democratica. Tale imperativo non si è manifestato unicamente a livello politico nel rapporto verticale tra cittadini e governanti, ma si è esteso anche a livello orizzontale nelle relazioni sociali fino a implicare la vita personale. In ogni ambito la trasparenza sembra oggi elevarsi a valore assoluto e a principio indiscutibile, facendo dimenticare le ambiguità e i rischi di questo concetto.
Questo entusiasmo per la visibilità totale elude però un dato di fatto: la trasparenza non è l’assenza di mediazione e quella che definiamo come “disintermediazione” si traduce inevitabilmente in nuove forme di mediazione che magari diventano anche meno “trasparenti” perché sono più subdole e difficili da individuare. Un medium “trasparente” permette di vedere una porzione di realtà, ma ne nasconde un’altra. Ogni relazione sociale che si pretende trasparente è in realtà guidata da scelte individuali e collettive che strutturano specifici “regimi di visibilità”. Da questa ambiguità e dal suo occultamento derivano alcuni problemi che una riflessione critica sulla cultura e sulla società deve oggi affrontare.

This research statement presents a roadmap for the ethical evaluation of contact tracing apps. Assuming the possible development of an effective and secure contact tracing app, this roadmap explores three ethical concerns-privacy, data monopolists and coercion-based on three scenarios. The first scenario envisions and critically evaluates an app that is built on the conceptualization of privacy as anonymity and a mere individual right rather than a social value. The second scenario sketches and critically discusses an app that adequately addresses privacy concerns but is facilitated by data monopolists such as Google and Apple. The final scenario discusses the coerced installation and use of a privacy-friendly, independently developed contact tracing app. The main worry is coercion through societal exclusion and limited societal participation. The statement concludes with three suggestions for designing an ethical contact tracing app and a research agenda.

In the following essay, I will discuss D.Johnson's argument in her ETHICOMP99 KeynoteSpeech (Johnson 1999) regarding the possiblefuture disappearance of computer ethics as anautonomous discipline, and I will analyze somelikely objections to Johnson's view.In the future, there are two ways in whichcomputer ethics might disappear: (1) therejection of computer ethics as an aspect ofapplied ethics, or (2) the rejection ofcomputer ethics as an autonomous discipline.The first path, it seems to me, would lead tothe death of the entire field of appliedethics, while the second path would lead onlyto the death of computer ethics as a separatesubject. Computer technology is becoming very pervasive,and each scientific field includes somediscipline-specific computing. For the likelyforeseeable future, disciplines such asbioethics and engineering ethics will have todeal with ethical issues involving the role ofcomputers. I will argue that computer ethics inthis sense is unlikely to disapp...

In this paper we will examine some ethical aspects of the role that computers and computing increasingly play in new genetics. Our claim is that there is no new genetics without computer science. Computer science is important for the new genetics on two levels: (1) from a theoretical perspective, and (2) from the point of view of geneticists practice. With respect to (1), the new genetics is fully impregnate with concepts that are basic for computer science. Regarding (2), recent developments in the Human Genome Project (HGP) have shown that computers shape the practices of molecular genetics; an important example is the Shotgun Method's contribution to accelerating the mapping of the human genome. A new challenge to the HGP is provided by the Open Source Philosophy (I computer science), which is another way computer technologies now influence the shaping of public policy debates involving genomics.

This VSD nugget considers how the small-scale effects of practice-based design activities can be sustained and scaled up to contribute to global societal change. Examining in particular the character of social networking activity, we discuss how the sustainability of an initiative is related to its ability to: (i) be scaled up and linked with like-minded initiatives; (ii) navigate diverse values; (iii) establish organizational structures beyond the scientific context; (iv) establish a voice in public discourse; and (v) identify and involve relevant policy makers. Change • Children • Computer clubs • Global challenges • Grassroots movements • Grounded design • Value sensitive design * Anne Weibert

This paper introduces the praxeologically grounded research programme on socio-informatics developed at the University of Siegen and the International Institute for Socio-Informatics in Germany. We outline our methodological framework of grounded design, guiding and binding together a variety of different engagements in practice which we call design case studies (DCS). While grounded design is applied to a broad variety of different areas, in this paper we deal specifically with our engagements in support of communities and political activists. To exemplify our approach, we present one DCS: It focuses on the participatory development of a computer club in the High Atlas as a facilitation infrastructure to support public community participation in the process of modernization and social transformation in the Maghreb. Insights into the project context, the objectives and methodology and the depiction of some of its first findings lays the ground for the discussion of socio-informatics research principles.

Within the framework of library and information science, research ethics are important in two main areas: publications and service delivery. Research and publication practices in the field of library and information science need to follow ethical guidelines to maintain their integrity. Professionals in libraries and information science can serve both the academic community and the general public by fostering an ethically aware culture. Research ethics refers to the laws and guidelines that specify what behavior in the research domain is acceptable and unacceptable. It contains the principles and values that support researchers in conducting their work with integrity, propriety, and respect for human rights. Examining these guidelines and how they are used in research is a crucial area of research in the field of research ethics. The ethical guidelines that direct the design and conduct of studies that involve watching and recording the lives of others are known as research ethics. Discussions of ethical issues in research often contrast and compare "ethical research," which sees social relevance as the ultimate goal of research, with "research ethics," which refers to the ethical foundation for conducting research. From the ethical delivery of information services to the responsible conduct of research, research ethics in library and information science encompasses a broad range of subjects. Ethical considerations are critical to upholding trust, fostering justice, and guaranteeing that research and services are carried out with respect for people and communities, whether in the context of academic publishing or the daily operations of a library.