Indigenous issues

Abstract: The paper describes the operational mechanism/institutional innovation of key Microfinance Service Providers (MSPs) in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank (GB), Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and Association for Social Advancement (ASA) have chosen to investigate the microfinance approaches. Selected MSPs are dominating microfinance market in Bangladesh in outreach, outstanding loans, savings and efficient service delivery mechanism. They offer micro-credit, savings and social services to the poor who were deprived from such access offered by conventional banks. GB, BRAC and ASA have been able to demonstrate the effectiveness of microfinance program towards sustainable development for the rural poor in Bangladesh. They have accomplished their effective and efficient management skills, innovative approaches and decentralized management systems. Meanwhile, microfinance clients particularly women have proven their talents for utilizing loans, maintaining regular repayment...

Este artigo analisa as tensões geradas entre as novas ações e representações construídas sobre os índios nas décadas de 1970 e 80 e algumas imagens e concepções tradicionais a respeito desses povos. Destaca-se o papel educativo das artes na formação e na sensibilização da sociedade brasileira para as questões da etnicidade, direitos e cidadania dos povos indígenas. As artes (música, cinema, teatro...) se alimentavam das aspirações de movimentos sociais e ao mesmo tempo colaboravam para a fixação de concepções que se confrontavam com certas imagens estabelecidas, ou reforçavam outras, como às da pretensa inevitabilidade do "desaparecimento indígena". Neste sentido, os novos significados de canções e obras literárias, por meio de releituras deste universo de transições, configuram-se em ações e discursos que se opõem e dialogam com algumas concepções tradicionais.

Pandemija COVID-19 izazvana je virusom kojeg nedovoljno poznajemo. Nova situacija dovela je do potrebe da se omogući kvalitetna resuscitacija obolelih od COVID-19 infekcije ali uz kvalitenu zaštitu medicinskih profesionalaca od rizika infekcije. Naša nastojanja u okviru našeg programskog delovanja, usmerena su da načinimo preporuke Resuscitacionog saveta Srbijje kao vodeće strukovne strukovne organizacije za primenu mera resuscitacije u uslovima COVID-19 pandemije. Mi smo načinili Preporuke za primenu mera resuscitacije, Preporuke za etička piatanja prijmene mera resuscitacije kod obolelih od COVID-19 infekcije i preporuke za sprovođenje treninga tokom pandemije COVID-19. Preporuke smo izradili u saradji sa Evropskim resuscitacionim savetom i drugim partnerskim organizacijama, koje su deo mreže nacionalnih saveta za Resuscitacionu medicine u Evropi. Preporuke će u narednom period biti modifikovane sa pojavom novih saznanja i dopunjavane u odnosu na ovaj osnovni tekst na osnovu novih naučnih dokaza svakih 6 meseci a sve do donošenja jedinstvenih preporuka Evropskog resucitacionog saveta za koje se očekuje da se obajve na jesen 2021. Godine.

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar um tipo específico de conflito fundiário, referente ao processo de invasões de terras (ocupações) realizadas por organizações de movimentos sociais no Brasil. No atual conflito, as invasões tornaram-se o principal instrumento de "pressão" sobre os governos para a execução da reforma agrária. Por outro lado, os produtores rurais questionam a legalidade das invasões e pleiteiam o cumprimento imediato dos mandados de reintegração de posse. Tendo como marco institucional a MP 2027-38/2000 (conhecida como lei "antiinvasão"), mais o relatório de invasões da Federação de Agricultura do Estado do Paraná (Faep), foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa empírica junto aos produtores rurais das principais áreas de conflito, compreendendo as invasões de terra entre 2000 e 2006. Com base na Nova Economia Institucional e nos resultados da literatura empírica sobre direitos de propriedade, a presente pesquisa analisou a relação entre as variáveis "tempo de invasão" (proxy para a insegurança do direito de propriedade) e o "nível de produtividade da terra" (proxy para investimento), comparando diferentes grupos de produtores e sua produtividade antes e depois da invasão. Os resultados descritivos apontaram importantes efeitos sobre as decisões de investimentos dos produtores e uma complexidade maior entre a relação das variáveis analisadas.

Sva prava zadržana Materijal iz ove publikacije može se reprodukovati u nastavne ili druge nekomercijalne svrhe. Ni jedan deo publikacije ne može se reprodukovati u komercijalne svrhe u bilo kom obliku bez prethodne dozvole nosilaca autorskih prava. Za više informacija kontaktirati MRGE. ISBN 978-615-81504-4-6. Objavljeno u martu 2021. Romi u Republici Srbiji: izazovi diskriminacije objavljuje MRGE kao doprinos javnom razumevanju teme u fokusu izveštaja. Sadržaj i stavovi autora ne predstavljaju nužno u svakom detalju i svim aspektima sveobuhvatni stav MRG.

Cilj rada je analiza istraživanja koja se bave uticajem etničkih i rasnih predrasuda i diskriminacije na psihosocijalni razvoj dece, pripadnika marginalizovanih grupa, i davanje na dokazima zasnovanih preporuka koje ukazuju na neophodnost promena, radi unapređivanja njihovog položaja. Rad se zasniva na analizi postojeće naučne literature, a metod rada koji se koristi je analiza sadržaja dokumenata. Kako bismo ostvarili navedeni cilj neophodno je pre svega definisati osnovne pojmove poput etničke grupe, rase, predrasuda i diskriminacije. Nakon toga, daćemo kratak prikaz izvora predrasuda, kao i funkcija stereotipa i predrasuda. Posebnu pažnju posvetićemo uticaju rasnih i etničkih predrasuda na psihosocijalni razvoj dece, pripadnika romske nacionalne manjine sa analizom njihovog položaja u sistemu socijalne zaštite u Republici Srbiji. U zaključku ćemo ukazati na neophodnost promena sistema socijalne zaštite, unapređenja zakonodavnog okvira i usvajanje novih veština, metoda rada zaposl...

Historically, few Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social workers have joined and remained active members of the professional organisation that represents the interests of the social work profession, the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW). This research project uses qualitative methodology to investigate barriers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participation in the AASW and propose how these barriers might be overcome. In offering insights from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the research findings address issues of social justice, equity, and social disadvantage. They suggest ways of improving cross cultural relationships and practices that will increase practice knowledge and promote a more effective and sustainable relationship between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social workers and the AASW.

U radu su analizirani međunarodnopravni akti, sudske odluke međunarodnih i nacionalnih sudova i kvazisudskih tela, kao i praksa država u pogledu prava na osnovno obrazovanje. Za omogućavanje jednakog pristupa obaveznom osnovnom obrazovanju neophodno je da ono bude besplatno, što je i propisano međunarodnopravnim aktima. Međutim, rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se ovaj standard različito tumači, a to dovodi do neujednačene prakse u državama. Ilustrativni primer su svakako bivše jugoslovenske republike, te će poseban deo rada biti posvećen analizi normativnog okvira i prakse Republike Srbije, koja i dalјe ne obezbeđuje besplatne udžbenike za osnovnu školu.

Between 2000 and 2011 seven students from First Nation communities across northern Ontario lost their lives while attending high school in Thunder Bay. These losses of Indigenous life became the subject of a joint provincial inquest that concluded in the summer of 2016. In this article the author offers a critical examination of the scope of this inquest as well as a broader chronological review of its proceedings. The focus is on the ways in which the presiding coroner shaped the scope of the inquest to include things like the alcohol consumption of the students and to exclude things like the quality of police investigations. The issue of First Nation Jury Representation and its role in delaying the inquest for several years is also contextualized. Ultimately, it is argued that the Seven Youth Inquest conforms closely to what Sherene Razack (2011; 2015) has written about the colonial function of inquests into the deaths of Indigenous peoples: mainly that such proceedings stage deco...

Collaborative ethnographic research with First Nations Peoples contributes to our understanding of humanity, its dynamic processes, and possibilities toward sustainable ways of living in harmony with Mother Earth. Cultural diversity is one of the greatest gifts bestowed on humanity (Spradley 1979, p. v). When conducting participative research with indigenous peoples, it is essential for the fieldworker to adopt a holistic perspective with the awareness that ethnographic interviewing is a cross-cultural opportunity of intimate communication, exchange and fellowship. The researcher must be conscious of her/his personal biases and assumptions that directly reflect their ethics and values, as well as the research process and outcomes.

Hunger and undernutrition are linked to the question of food security in India. India has the most number of hungry and malnourished people in the world. The evidence highlights that the per capita availability, demand, and consumption of essential food items have declined. Despite several programmes and policies in the last decades, hunger and food insecurity continue to plague the most vulnerable and marginalized sections of society. This chapter uses the political economy approach to investigate structural determinants within national and international socio-political and policy landscapes that have been instrumental in shaping the overall context of food systems and food security. It situates the complexity of hunger and food security by tracing its roots in oppressive colonial policies, the green revolution, and the advent of neoliberal policies resulting in the informalisation of labour, declining wages, dispossession of land and farm rights and agrarian distress resulting in multidimensional poverty, deprivation, hunger and food insecurity. The unequal structures of society further perpetuate inequality, hunger and food insecurity among poor and disadvantaged population groups. Adequate food production alone is insufficient to ensure food security if social inequalities, political inequities, and environmental vulnerabilities at regional and global scales are not addressed.

Collaborative ethnographic research with First Nations Peoples contributes to our understanding of humanity, its dynamic processes, and possibilities toward sustainable ways of living in harmony with Mother Earth. Cultural diversity is one of the greatest gifts bestowed on humanity (Spradley 1979, p. v). When conducting participative research with indigenous peoples, it is essential for the fieldworker to adopt a holistic perspective with the awareness that ethnographic interviewing is a cross-cultural opportunity of intimate communication, exchange and fellowship. The researcher must be conscious of her/his personal biases and assumptions that directly reflect their ethics and values, as well as the research process and outcomes.

This article presents the findings of a component of the National Assessment of Australia's Children's Courts (the 'national study'). Specifically, this article focuses on the perceptions of magistrates in the New South Wales (NSW) Children's Court ('NSWCC' or the 'Court') in relation to the issues facing Indigenous young people in the Court's criminal jurisdiction generally, and the potential of Indigenous youth courts more specifically. Part II outlines the method for the national study from which this article stems, as well as the method for the NSW component of the study. Part III provides an analysis of NSWCC magistrates' perceptions of challenges and reforms in the Court's criminal jurisdiction as they relate to Indigenous young people specifically, and discusses our analysis in light of findings from the national study from other states and territories. Finally, Part IV briefly considers the key findings of our analysis in light...

The wisdom in rural finance has long been that lending to and saving by the poor is doomed to failure: costs are too high, they are not creditworthy and they are not able to save. A number of success stories in microfinance industry (MFI) have changed this pessimistic assessment during the past twenty years or so. Recounting the failure of

Recently, a series facts and events circumscribed to the area of localization and the infl uence of the indigenous land has been related to the big project of the South American Regional InfraStructure (Infraestrutura Regional Sul-Americana-IRSA). This process, as presented in this article, is mutually reinforced by the increase of the regional, commercial, fi nancial and productive economical integration.

Collaborative ethnographic research with First Nations Peoples contributes to our understanding of humanity, its dynamic processes, and possibilities toward sustainable ways of living in harmony with Mother Earth. Cultural diversity is one of the greatest gifts bestowed on humanity (Spradley 1979, p. v). When conducting participative research with indigenous peoples, it is essential for the fieldworker to adopt a holistic perspective with the awareness that ethnographic interviewing is a cross-cultural opportunity of intimate communication, exchange and fellowship. The researcher must be conscious of her/his personal biases and assumptions that directly reflect their ethics and values, as well as the research process and outcomes.

This paper aims to describe, briefly, the process by which capital operates the deconstruction and fragmentation of social space within Brazil's spaces at distinct moments in its history. It intends to demonstrate, for each period, historical facts that, resulting from capitalist interests, lead to transformations in the social space and are reflected in the physical distribution of inhabited spaces. For that purpose, following the presentation of the main concepts that guide the discourse, it describes pre-capitalist spaces, ranging from traditional villages, going through the formation of the first urban settlements and successively through their transformation into cities, firstly as trading posts, until the rise of the industry. At each moment, it tries to expose the correlation established between the action of capital, the changes in society and the formation of urban spaces. It finally proposes a reflection on contemporary Brazilian cities, some of the phenomena that can be seen there and their possible relationship with the deconstruction of social space.

Poverty has been identified as one of the world's biggest problems. The international community recognises that reducing global poverty is one of the major development challenges of the twenty-first century. The problem of poverty is particularly severe in Bangladesh, where a variety of poverty alleviation initiatives have been tried. The most recent one involves Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), which are collaborations between partners in different sectors. PPPs are assumed to be effective for reducing poverty as they

Along with the government, NGOs have emerged as one of the most effective institutions in poverty alleviation interventions in Bangladesh. Staning with their relief and rehabilitation role after independence in 1971, NGOs have vastly expanded their programmes and proved to become effective change agents in the society. These organisations now fonn an integral pan of the institutional structure for addressing poverty alleviation as well as rural development, gender equality, environment protection, disaster management, human rights and other social issues. The NGOs, with their concern in bringing about a positive change in the lives of the poor, largely follow a 'process by which the members of a society develop themselves and their institutions in ways that enhance their ability to mobilise and arrange resources to produce sustainable and justly distributed improvements in their quality of life consistent with their own aspirations. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), established in 1972, started its Rural Development Programme (RDP) in 1986. The RDP aims to assist the landless people to organise themselves into village 01'ganisat1ons (VOs) for their socio-etonomic development and usually operates for four years in a newly intervened area in order to create the framework required for the institution building of VOs and empowering the poor within the organisations. Then the area is taken over by the Rural Credit Programme (RCP) of BRAC which operates since 1990 mostly covering institution building, sector programme, credit operations and support services. Institution building aims at empowering the poor and promoting social awareness education among the members of the VOs. BRAC works closely and collaborates actively with local governments and local communities and assists in facilitating access of public services as well as in complimenting public services wherever necessary, for the rural poor. By collaborating with the local communities and the government for over thirty years, BRAC has made significant contributions towards rural institutional building and creating pro-poor rural institutions for effective implementation of rural development and poverty alleviation policies.

Broj učenika Roma uključenih u odgojno-obrazovni sustav i dalje je u porastu. Uvjeti obrazovanja još uvijek nisu na razini na kojoj su za učenike većinskog stanovništva. Iako se donosi niz mjera i strategija za poboljšanje položaja učenika Roma, prostora za napredak i dalje ima. U posljednjih dvadeset godina u Republici Hrvatskoj djeluju romski pomagači čijim se radom nastoji poboljšati odgojno-obrazovni uspjeh učenika Roma i njihov položaj u sustavu odgoja i obrazovanja. Rad je podijeljen na dva dijela: na teorijska polazišta o temi te empirijski dio rada. Teorijskim polazištima nastoji se dati kratki pregled povijesti i kulture Roma, kontekst uvjeta u kojima Romi svakodnevno žive, pregled čimbenika koji utječu na kvalitetu obrazovanja učenika Roma te se nastoji teorijski obrazložiti potreba, važnost i uloga romskog pomagača u odgoju i obrazovanju učenika Roma. U završnom poglavlju teorijskog dijela rada detaljno se predstavlja uloga romskog pomagača u odgoju i obrazovanju učenika ...

In this paper, recent research into the global movement of teachers [C. Reid, J. Collins, and M. Singh. 2014. Global Teachers, Australian Perspectives: Goodbye Mr Chips, Hello Ms Banerjee. Singapore: Springer] and their experiences in rural areas of Australia are discussed in order to make the case for a cosmopolitan education theory and practice. The paper is divided into four sections. First, is an overview of cosmopolitanism and the rural drawing on Appadurai's [1996. Modernity At Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.] conceptualisation of scapes (1996) and Vertovec's [2007. "Super-Diversity and its Implications." Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (6): 1024-1054] notion of super-diversity. Second, a brief comparison of the key elements of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism are outlined in order to reveal the ways in which they differ, and why cosmopolitanism might be useful in understanding rural education. Third, a slice of data from the study of the global movement of teachers is examined to mount the argument that there is a need to consider cosmopolitan social and education theory to respond to new conditions. In doing so, rural spaces are opened up as transformative and transformed, rather than 'Other' to the metropolis. The paper concludes with key points regarding the usefulness of cosmopolitanism for understanding education in rural areas.

Este trabalho compreende um esforço no sentido de desmistificar alguns aspectos da questão indígena, considerando-a como questão urbana, dado ao contexto no qual se estabelecem as relações interétnicas no Brasil. Procura-se trazer a questão indígena para o centro do debate geográfico, tecendo considerações sobre o indigenismo, a cidade e o índio no Brasil, buscando dimensionar as diferentes condições em que se dá a presença do índio na cidade, e por quais motivos se dá este fato. O indigenismo, em acordo com as idéias propostas por Pacheco de Oliveira, é considerado como a dimensão territorial de uma política de origem urbana. 

Humanitarian NGOs help and safeguard individuals who are in need, especially victims of armed conflict, famines, and natural catastrophes in any nation. Sometimes these organizations are also called relief societies. They are generally involved in: searching for, collecting, and transporting the wounded and ill, missing, and dead; providing medical care to the wounded and sick; aiding prisoners of war; and supporting the civilian population through humanitarian relief across the world. They work on development and reform initiatives in other nations, as well as in their own. Aside from development initiatives, these non-governmental organisations promote human rights work, monitor elections in many countries, assist with refugee resettlement, and provide political science and human rights training. In this research international organization's humanitarian coordination and function in the sector of Bangladesh's micro and small enterprises are discussed and analyzed. Here the author consider two NGO BRAC and ASA for data collection and analysis purpose.

Os embates entre indígenas e ruralistas no Brasil configuram uma desavença antiga. O colonizador quer terras para usufruir e o indígena quer o direito de viver nessas terras e manter sua cultura. Quando as demarcações de reservas atrasam, os indígenas ocupam áreas que reivindicam. Os fazendeiros reagem pelo poder político, econômico e pela violência. O presente estudo investiga o comportamento da mídia diante desses confrontos. Para tanto, observamos reportagens veiculadas em Mato Grosso do Sul com o apoio da Análise da narrativa (Motta, 2013). Ao entrevistar representantes dos índios, anotamos como estes percebem a atuação da imprensa nessas questões. Nossas argumentações se fundamentam na Sociologia das Ausências (Santos, 2002), na Antropologia e no conceito de ‘bom viver’, embasados na teorização de Fábio Mura (2006). Ao final, constatamos que a essência desses conflitos está no choque entre o modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista e o modo de agir/pensar do ‘bom viver’ – tekove p...

Along with the government, NGOs have emerged as one of the most effective institutions in poverty alleviation interventions in Bangladesh. Staning with their relief and rehabilitation role after independence in 1971, NGOs have vastly expanded their programmes and proved to become effective change agents in the society. These organisations now fonn an integral pan of the institutional structure for addressing poverty alleviation as well as rural development, gender equality, environment protection, disaster management, human rights and other social issues. The NGOs, with their concern in bringing about a positive change in the lives of the poor, largely follow a 'process by which the members of a society develop themselves and their institutions in ways that enhance their ability to mobilise and arrange resources to produce sustainable and justly distributed improvements in their quality of life consistent with their own aspirations. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), established in 1972, started its Rural Development Programme (RDP) in 1986. The RDP aims to assist the landless people to organise themselves into village 01'ganisat1ons (VOs) for their socio-etonomic development and usually operates for four years in a newly intervened area in order to create the framework required for the institution building of VOs and empowering the poor within the organisations. Then the area is taken over by the Rural Credit Programme (RCP) of BRAC which operates since 1990 mostly covering institution building, sector programme, credit operations and support services. Institution building aims at empowering the poor and promoting social awareness education among the members of the VOs. BRAC works closely and collaborates actively with local governments and local communities and assists in facilitating access of public services as well as in complimenting public services wherever necessary, for the rural poor. By collaborating with the local communities and the government for over thirty years, BRAC has made significant contributions towards rural institutional building and creating pro-poor rural institutions for effective implementation of rural development and poverty alleviation policies.

Prvi dio ovoga izvješća usmjeren je na etničko-jezični sastav zemlje temeljen na usporedbi podataka dobivenih u popisu stanovništva iz 2002. i 1991. godine. U središtu pozornosti preostalog dijela izvješća nalaze se pitanja obrazovanja jezičnih manjina u Srbiji. Donosimo podatke o razini obrazovanja stanovništva, zakonsko-normativnim pretpostavkama u obrazovanju manjina, te znanstveno-stručni prikaz problema nastave na jezicima nacionalnih manjina od 2001. Naposljetku raspravljamo o zastupljenosti manjina u obrazovnom sustavu na njihovim jezicima, o nekim problemima u nastavi na jezicima manjina, te mogućim modelima nastave na jezicima manjina u Republici Srbiji.In the fi rst part of this report the emphasis is on the ethnic-linguistic composition of the country, based on the census data from 2002 compared with the census data from 1991. Th e rest of the report is primarily focused on the educational issues of linguistic minorities in Serbia. We present data concerning the education...

Roma are a highly dispersed ethnic communicate. After international protectorate was established in Kosovo. Roma have become the most numerous ethnic minority in Yugoslavia. When discrimination against and integration of Roma people are concerned, it has to be kept in mind that thus far Roma have been exposed most often to negative discrimination, while integration for them has often meant de facto assimilation. As positive discrimination of minority groups in a society is also a viable option, the approach to the 'Roma issue' basically implies a strategic shift in the conduct of all state institutions and other social factors - from negative to positive discrimination, and from assimilation towards genuine integration of Roma. The basic approach suggested by this author is the one that enables Roma to be equal citizens of this country. The circles of poverty hi which Roma population finds itself are increasingly deeper. However, the realm of poverty is spreading across the ...

The paper describes an online cultural training workshop based around the complex Aboriginal Kinship systems used in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the learning environment where the thematic focus is on relationships and interaction, and how immersive learning and narrative teaching styles work together within a social constructivist approach to deliver this outcome. Prior to discussing how both a social constructivist immersive learning environment achieves such outcomes, the paper will describe the online workshop design in the context of decolonizing mainstream pedagogies.

Ricerca sociologica sulla realtà dei minori in affidamento nell'Italia meridionale dei primi anni 2000. Il testo ha lo scopo di tracciare il profilo dei minori in affido, il profilo delle famiglie naturali e di quelle affidatarie, attraverso una elaborata ed approfondita indagine e con l'ausilio di apposite tabelle statistiche.

Este artigo busca compreender como que apesar de a cidade de São Paulo só se constituir como tal a partir das duas últimas décadas do século XIX, os sentidos que a urbanização de São Paulo virá a tomar já estavam pressupostos nas espacialidades agrárias do período colonial. Objetivamos apresentar como que apesar de o núcleo urbano, ou melhor, os diversos aglomerados nos arredores de São Paulo serem definidos pelos ritmos da vida agrária, já se constituía uma relação (rural/urbano) cujo resultado expressar-se-ia na realização da propriedade privada no interior mesmo da cidade. Esta relação já se propunha como uma racionalização do campo onde o urbano era o elemento contraposto e necessário para tal, afinal, os diversos núcleos estavam baseados numa organização social que foi chamada "aldeamentos", que era uma subordinação das aldeias indígenas segundo às exigências da metrópole portuguesa: manutenção dos índios, cativos, para utilização de sua mão-de-obra em diversos serviç...

The world is getting more matured in terms of level of sophistication. At the same time it becomes a threat due to the difficulty of having areas where further sophistication is possible. But, now, the most sensitive problem for all is the severe poverty. It is the darkest chapter of the world where more and more people are enlisting their names. If this process continued for unlimited time, once it will be suicidal for all of us irrespective of poor or rich. This paper put focus on the poor society, which concludes that if the poor are funded and focused, they can build their own fate. The poor need funds and suggestions to get rid of the curse of poverty. Grameen Model is outlined here with some replicated ideas so that it can be used in a more sophisticated and commercial way. Such commercialization will help to extend the scope of credit program from individuals to small businesses for which sometimes it may be difficult to get loan from regulated financial institutions. An earnest effort has been made to make the micro-credit programs and methodologies comprehendible with the process of diffusion and usability from a commercial perspective. Such perspective is important to give micro finance program an institutional modality that will ultimately ensure long-term existence.

This paper examines the current crisis in the field of law and development. It empirically demonstrates the limitations of the existent frameworks of analysis – the ‘law and economics’ and ‘law and society’ approaches. It does so through in-depth comparative case studies of two programmes – land-titling and microfinance – that illustrate the alternative approaches. While law and economics takes a fundamentally disjointed, Hayekian view of the relationship between the market and society, the formalist policy prescriptions that follow from this position fail – demonstrating the importance of embeddedness. The law and society approach – based on the Polanyian premise of markets embedded in society – yields richer institutional prescriptions in the short run, but also suffers from fetishising the social over the legal. A new economic sociology of law-based approach – combining the analytic and normative insights of law and society with the substantive learning and procedural rigour of l...

Many non-government organisations (NGOs) are involved in the socio-economic and environmental development programmes in Bangladesh, supplementing the government's effort in these areas. The majority of their target groups, the urban poor, lack proper housing. Though an improved housing situation would have positive effects on other programmes as in income generation and health, the NGOs have not been widely involved in urban housing. Their involvement in the housing programmes was recommended in the recent policy papers, as the government realises the absurdity of solving the enormous housing problem on its own.

Gostaríamos, com este texto, de realizar uma breve incursão no universo dos índios Korubo, que habitam a Terra Indígena Vale do Javari, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Diante das múltiplas possibilidades de abordar uma pequena comunidade indígena cujo “contato” formal e (tido por) “pacífico” junto à chamada “comunhão” nacional, gostaria, como ponto de partida, de tomar em consideração que a multiplicidade e a totalidade dos fenômenos da existência, de um modo geral, bastante restritiva ao olhar amiudado, direcionado e simplista lançado a estes fenômenos pelas chamadas ciências (ou “disciplinas”) parcelares. Assim, somos induzidos a generalizações essencialistas e fechadas sobre estes povos, desconsiderando a plenitude da história e a geograficidade do cotidiano que estabelecem ordem e desordem na aldeia.

Gostaríamos, com este texto, de realizar uma breve incursão no universo dos índios Korubo, que habitam a Terra Indígena Vale do Javari, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Diante das múltiplas possibilidades de abordar uma pequena comunidade indígena cujo “contato” formal e (tido por) “pacífico” junto à chamada “comunhão” nacional, gostaria, como ponto de partida, de tomar em consideração que a multiplicidade e a totalidade dos fenômenos da existência, de um modo geral, bastante restritiva ao olhar amiudado, direcionado e simplista lançado a estes fenômenos pelas chamadas ciências (ou “disciplinas”) parcelares. Assim, somos induzidos a generalizações essencialistas e fechadas sobre estes povos, desconsiderando a plenitude da história e a geograficidade do cotidiano que estabelecem ordem e desordem na aldeia.

A majority of people, particularly in developing countries, live outside the ambit of formal law, yet – within mainstream legal scholarship – we still lack an adequate theory of “informal law” (social norms, conventions and other non-formal rules that influence behaviour) and its relationship with formal legal systems. Drawing on a variety of theoretical traditions that address the issue of legal informality – ranging from law and development to sociological approaches (like legal pluralism) to economic approaches (like New Institutional Economics, and social capital theory) – this paper seeks to take a step forward in developing a fuller theory of institutions.

Predmet rada je analiza postignutih nastavnih rezultata iz predmeta srpski kao nematernji jezik koji izučavaju učenici albanske nacionalnosti u osnovnoj školi na području opštine Preševo. I pored obaveze izučavanja srpskog jezika u fondu od dva,odnosno tri časa sedmično, evidentno je da učenici ove nacionalne manjine veoma često ne vladaju elementarnim znanjem srpskog jezika, što nas je motivisalo na istraživanje koje smo sproveli u jednoj gradskoj i jednoj seoskojosnovnoj školi na području opštine Preševo.U tom cilju sproveli smo anketu među učenicima albanske nacionalnosti od petog do osmog razreda u osnovnim školama"Ibrahim Keljmendi" u Preševu i "Selami Hallači" u selu Oraovica.Anketom smoosmislili i pitanja za nastavnike koji predaju srpski kao nematernji jezik u ovim školama,kako bismo na onovu dobijenih rezultata proisteklih iz njihovih odgovora imali potpuno jasnu sliku o problemima nastave iz ovoga predmeta i razlozima zbog kojih njihovi učenici veoma skromno poznaju srpski jezik.Osim teorijskog pedagoškog i zakonodavnog dijela koji propisuje obaveznost izučavanja srpskog kao obaveznog predmeta za nacionalne manjine u Republici Srbiji,u radu su sistematično prikazani i rezultati istraživanja, komentari i smjernice za dalje pedagoške aktivnosti kako bi se unaprijedila nastava iz predmeta srpski jezik.Rezultati istraživanja sprovedenog u osnovnim školama pokazali su davelikibroj učenika nijeu stanju ostvariti i najosnovniju komunikaciju na srpskom jeziku.Očekivanja prije sprovedene ankete bila su da učenici petog i šestog razreda slabije razumiju srpski jezik od učenika sedmog i osmog razreda.Međutim,ispostavilo se da, iako su učenici u velikom procentu izrazili pozitivan stav prema predmetu srpski jezik i značaju njegovoga poznavanja, rezultati upućuju na zaključak da su nedopustivi propusti u samom nastavnom procesu, čemu doprinose nedovoljna zainteresovanost,motivisanost i pripremljenost nastavnika,te odsustvo efektnog stručnog nadzora nastavnog procesa. Nastavnici, koji nisu željeli da učestvuju u anketi,osim jednog,su nam u neformalnom razgovoru,između ostalog kao problem sa kojimse susreću u nastavnoj praksi,istakli i potpunu nezainteresovanost učenika za ovaj predmet,što je u suprotnosti sa učeničkim odgovorima u anketi(smatramo iskrenim) u kojima oni izražavaju svijest o potrebi i koristi poznavanja srpskoga jezika.

Mere afirmativne akcije jedan su od najsloženijih koncepata savremenog prava i još uvek ne postoji teorijska saglasnost oko toga šta sve ulazi u sadržinsko polje ovog pojma. Nastojanja da se dođe do opšte definicije mera afirmativne akcije dodatno otežava terminološka neujednačenost. Iako su u Srbiji afirmativne mere omogućene već samim Ustavom a državni organi ih već godinama unose u svoje strategije i akcione planove, teorijska osnova za njihovu primenu skoro i da ne postoji. Cilj ovog rada je da olakša buduća istaživanja na ovom polju i pruži početno teoretsko uporište za primenu mera afirmativne akcije kroz njihovo terminološko određenje, te analizu nekih od opštih definicija afirmativnih mera i njihovih konstitutivnih elemenata.

Affirmative action is one of the most complex concepts of contemporary law and there is still no unique understanding of the content of this notion. The attempts aimed at constructing a general definition of affirmative action are weakened by the lack of a terminological consistency in the field. Although the affirmative action measures are endorsed by the very Constitution of Serbia and are contained in the action plans of the state institutions for a number of years already, the theoretical basis for their application is almost completely missing in Serbia. The objective of this article is to encourage future research in this field and to serve as a theoretical starting point for the application of the affirmative action measures in practice through their terminological determination and an analysis of some of the existing general definitions of affirmative action measures and their constitutive elements.

Este trabalho é parte da pesquisa realizada durante o curso de Doutorado em História pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Para a escrita deste artigo foi selecionado um conjunto de entrevistas arquivadas desde o ano de 2002, que atravessam uma narrativa que tem como preocupação principal a ocupação do território atravessado desde os anos de 1970 pela Rodovia BR-163, com foco na Região Norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. É fundamental ressaltar que tal processo de ocupação é bastante anterior ao marco temporal aqui delineado. Para pensar este processo de ocupação inicial recorremos a documentação que consta nas narrativas de memorialistas da região, ao arquivo das prefeituras dos municípios da Região Norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, ao Relatório Arqueológico produzido pela Usina Hidrelétrica Ponte de Pedra durante a construção da barragem do Rio Corrente no município de Sonora, no ano de 2002. Trabalhamos ainda com as fontes orais, buscando dar visibilidade ao problema dos lugares sociais ocupados pelos indígenas ao longo da constituição daquele território, questão central deste texto.

This paper deals with determining whether school as a planned agent of socialisation influences the development of secondary school students' interest in theatre. We observed school through the prism of the theory of socialisation, because the socialisation function of education is one of the most important for society and that is why the school is considered one of the most important agents, i.e. the transmitter of what socialization actually is. The conducted multidisciplinary research first included an analysis of the content of strategic and legal acts, as well as bylaws in the field of education, which aimed to determine whether and to what extent the state prescribes theatre as an acceptable way of socialisation. Considering that the research was conducted during 2015, the mentioned documents have been changed to a greater or lesser extent. For these reasons, and for the purposes of this paper, a comparative analysis was performed. In order to get an insight into whether a...

Zločini mržnje predstavljaju specifičan oblik kriminalnog ponašanja kod kojih mržnja prema određenim grupama predstavlja osnovni motiv njihovog izvršenja, odnosno kod kojih predrasuda izvršioca o pripadnosti žrtve određenom kolektivitetu i mržnja prema pripadnicima tog kolektiviteta predstavljaju osnov za vršenje inkriminisanog ponašanja (zločina). Proučavanje istorijskog i savremenog konteksta položaja žrtava zločina mržnje nesporno ukazuje na postojanje grupa čiji su intenzitet viktimiziranosti i vulnerabilnosti izraženiji, a među njima posebno se ističu pripadnici romske populacije. Na početku rada data je društvena i politička pozadina fenomena zločina mržnje prema Romima, dok je centralni deo rada posvećen analizi položaja Roma žrtava zločina mržnje u današnjoj Evropi-kroz primer savremene Italije. Kroz tekst, autori su prezentovali i načine državne reakcije, kao i reakciju Evropske unije, drugih međunarodnih institucija i organizacija na stanje u Italiji. Na kraju rada, data je analiza uspešnosti mera integracije.

U trenutku pisanja ovog rada predškolsko vaspitanje i obrazovanje u Srbiji, kao i u mnogim drugim zemljama sveta, i dalje se suočava sa izazovima pandemije. Dok nam se „pomera tlo pod nogama“ u očuvanju temeljnih vrednosti i svrhe savremenog sistema predškolskog vaspitanja i obrazovanja u Srbiji, suočeni sa različitim konstrukcijama
funkcija predškolskog vaspitanja i obrazovanja u merama obrazovne politike, ne možemo a da se ne zapitamo o njihovim dugoročnim posledicama na praksu predškolskog vaspitanja i obrazovanja. U radu će
se analizirati mere obrazovne politike u prvoj fazi neposrednog odgovora na krizu pandemije COVID-19 koje su dostupne na zvaničnim internet stranicama i sistem podrške u periodu od „zaključavanja“ do „otključavanja“ predškolskih ustanova. U radu se ne nude odgovori niti preporuke već se otvaraju pitanja i pozivaju istraživači i praktičari na dalje promišljanje i istraživanje implikacija mera obrazovne politike na praksu predškolskog vaspitanja i obrazovanja u Srbiji tokom krize izazvane pandemijom COVID-19.
Ključne reči: COVID-19, zatvaranje predškolskih ustanova, odgovor obrazovne politike

The paper highlights the problem that Bangladesh has never had a homegrown holistic dynamic strategic framework to combat poverty nor has a clearly articulated operational approach been developed to address the issue. Rather, agendas for poverty alleviation had remained largely donor driven and Bangladesh has been exposed to a plethora of advice and assistance from its development partners for the purpose of alleviating poverty.