Impulse Buying

This conceptual study explores the persistent debt trap encountered by Native working-class South Africans, grounded in a complex interplay of colonial injustices and contemporary socioeconomic challenges. The aftereffects of apartheid, including forced removals, the Bantu Education system, and systemic exclusion from formal employment, have left many individuals without generational wealth, financial literacy, or access to stable economic opportunities. These structural disadvantages have created fertile ground for chronic indebtedness and economic vulnerability. In the post-apartheid era, while employment opportunities have gradually expanded, financial hardship remains widespread due to limited financial education, impulsive spending behaviours, and cultural norms that prioritise social obligations and status-driven consumption. This conceptual study draws on secondary sources and informal community narratives to illustrate how poor financial management practices, the imitation of Western consumer culture, and reliance on unsecured credit, including informal loans such as EMI and retail store cards, often lead to blacklisting and exclusion from formal financial systems, thereby pushing individuals deeper into cycles of informal borrowing. Behavioural patterns such as prioritising luxury goods over basic needs, susceptibility to scams, and gambling as a coping mechanism exacerbate the debt spiral. To address this crisis, the study advocates for the implementation of comprehensive financial literacy programs within schools, workplaces, and community structures. It also suggests the revitalisation of traditional savings mechanisms such as stokvels, integrated with modern financial education to promote resilience. Ultimately, breaking the debt trap requires a coordinated, multi-dimensional strategy that addresses both structural inequalities and behavioural tendencies. Only through inclusive policy reform, education, and cultural transformation can long-term financial stability be achieved for South Africa's Native Working-Class population.

Live selling platforms have become increasingly popular among Filipinos, who spend a lot of time online using mobile devices. This trend has led to a rise in impulsive buying behavior, particularly among college students who frequently use platforms such as Shopee, Lazada, Facebook, and TikTok. Understanding the level of impulsive buying behavior on these platforms is crucial in today's digital age. Research studies have found that impulse buying behavior is driven by unplanned, emotionally charged purchases that occur without prior intention. Live streaming sessions have been identified as a key factor in fueling this behavior, as repeated exposure to these sessions reinforces impulsive purchasing habits. This paper aims to study the generational preferences of Management Accounting students regarding live selling platforms such as Shopee, Lazada, Facebook, and TikTok. The research will investigate whether the preferred usage of these platforms by students is linked to impulsive buying behavior. Participants include college students enrolled in a Bachelor of Management Accounting program from 2024-2025, focusing on those with experience purchasing on live-selling platforms. A pre-survey was conducted to narrow down the participants to 103 students, with an ideal sample size of 82 students determined using the Cochran formula. It was found that Shopee is the most popular live selling platform, followed by Lazada, Facebook, and TikTok. The respondents show high impulsive buying behavior, influenced by the live selling platforms. Overall, the results suggest that impulsive buying behavior is prevalent among the participants.

The present study was undertaken to understand the phenomenon of online impulse buying. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing online impulse buying behavior. The study was based on Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model proposed by Mehrabian and Russell (1974). A survey was conducted with 225 online buyers in Punjab, India using convenience sampling. Structural equation modelling using Amos 28 software was applied to the data collected through a self-administered questionnaire. For the purpose of study, six stimulus constructs (convenience, security, visually pleasing, variety of attractive products, diverse payment options and shipping services) were considered (their items were adapted from prior research studies). Customer satisfaction (organism) construct and its items highlighted the satisfaction derived from the websites and online retailer prior to buying which ultimately leads to online impulse buying (response). The results indicate that four factors-convenience, visually pleasing, variety of products and diverse payment options-have a significantly positive effect on customer satisfaction. Further, customer satisfaction, in turn, has a significantly positive effect on impulse buying. Moreover, it was found that the factors-convenience, security, visually pleasing, variety of products and diverse payment options-have a direct and positive effect on impulse buying behavior in an online setting. The findings highlight the significance of creating a userfriendly, visually appealing and secure online environment offering a wide range of attractive products and payment options to improve customer satisfaction and encourage impulse buying. The study contributes to the understanding of online impulse buying and offers practical insights for e-commerce businesses seeking to optimize their platforms for enhanced sales and customer engagement.

Pemalsuan merupakan isu utama untuk produk dan merek mewah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui brand recognition, brand categorization dan purchase intention responden pada produk smartphone dan parfum yang didesain atas atribut name dan appearance menggunakan pendekatan semiotika. Variabel name yang di desain menggunakan pendekatan semiotika menghasilkan 3 derajat semiotika yaitu indentical, similar dan different sedangkan variabel appearance menghasilkan 2 derajat semiotika yaitu identical dan different. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental. Data yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online kepada 120 responden yaitu mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Airlangga. Hasil jawaban responden direkap dan ditabulasi yang kemudian diuji dengan model penelitian menggunakan metode Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan niat beli yang signifikan atas identical, similar dan different product...

Impulsive buying is an unexpected or unplanned buying or purchase. The principal intention of this research was to consider the influence of different intrinsic factors on impulsive buying tendencies. Hence, internal factors focus on the individual's internal cues and individualities. Such factors involve the consumer's personality traits. Moreover, the following were taken as internal factors for this study: excitement factors, esteem factors, new product knowledge and hedonistic factors. After engaging this quantitative study, a questionnaire was utilized to gather data. Consequently, the information was composed from one hundred sixty-two college students of Surigao del Sur State University. It was found out that the respondents were reminded type of impulsive buyers who mind choosing what to acquire by looking at first the products in the store. With regards to their degree of impulsive buying intention, they manage to buy impulsively according to how they feel at an instant, but they certainly not consider of buying a new product even if they haven't heard it yet. The findings also exposed that intrinsic factors significantly and most of the time influence the Impulsive Buying Behavior. The Esteem Factor was sought to influence the respondents' impulsive buying behavior all the time. Generally, results have been discovered to be substantial and possibly will be adopted and executed for marketing strategy making by numerous stakeholders in the field of consumer psychology and consumer behavior to figure out the influence of internal factors on impulsive buying behavior.

In the fast-moving consumer industry, consumers' behaviour is influenced by the brand's representative character and the firsthand experience after consuming goods. While many studies have been conducted to explore the fundamental characteristics of consumers' behaviour, the industry needs further analysis, which would benefit from formulating business strategies to bridge the gap between managers' imagination about the consumers' buying behaviour and the realities on the ground. This research aims to evaluate Saudi Arabian consumers' behaviour at supermarkets, hypermarkets, wholesale stores and Baqalas (local retail outlets). It identifies the representative character of product selling establishment in the image of consumers, examines differences between expectation and satisfaction and guides to formulate strategies to strengthen the relationship between expectation and consumers' satisfaction with a last objective of making companies financially viable. During the study, 625 consumers were interacted through a structured questionnaire from eight cities in Saudi Arabia, which has a multicultural political environment with a unique theological ambience with the progress of all sections of the society. Four store image criteria were set for examination: services, price, location and atmosphere, and convenience. The study says that a store's representative character varies considerably by the class of customers, i.e. gender, age, ethnicity and social stratification that affect customers' shopping decisions. By exploring the factors affecting consumers' decisions, the findings would play a pivotal role in providing valuable inputs to managers to improve the functional adequacy of supermarket, hypermarkets, wholesalers and even baqalas (local retail outlets) with an ultimate objective to makes their presence felt in the stiff competitive scenario of Saudi Arabia.

Impulsivity in Parkinson's disease may be mediated by faulty evaluation of rewards or the failure to inhibit inappropriate choices. Despite prior work suggesting that distinct neural networks underlie these cognitive operations, there has been little study of these networks in Parkinson's disease, and their relationship to inter-individual differences in impulsivity. High-resolution diffusion MRI data were acquired from 57 individuals with Parkinson's disease (19 females, mean age 62, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.6) prior to surgery for deep brain stimulation. Reward evaluation and response inhibition networks were reconstructed with seed-based probabilistic tractography. Impulsivity was evaluated using two approaches: (i) neuropsychiatric instruments were used to assess latent constructs of impulsivity, including trait impulsiveness and compulsivity, disinhibition, and also impatience; and (ii) participants gambled in an ecologically-valid virtual casino to obtain a behavioural read-out of explorative, risk-taking, impulsive behaviour. Multivariate analyses revealed that different components of impulsivity were associated with distinct variations in structural connectivity, implicating both reward evaluation and response inhibition networks. Larger bet sizes in the virtual casino were associated with greater connectivity of the reward evaluation network, particularly bilateral fibre tracts between the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In contrast, weaker connectivity of the response inhibition network was associated with increased exploration of alternative slot machines in the virtual casino, with right-hemispheric tracts between the subthalamic nucleus and the pre-supplementary motor area contributing most strongly. Further, reduced connectivity of the reward evaluation network was associated with more 'double or nothing' gambles, weighted by connections between the subthalamic nucleus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Notably, the variance explained by structural connectivity was higher for behavioural indices of impulsivity, derived from clinician-administered tasks and the gambling paradigm, as compared to questionnaire data. Lastly, a clinically-meaningful distinction could be made amongst participants with a history of impulse control behaviours based on the interaction of their network connectivity with medication dosage and gambling behaviour. In summary, we report structural brain-behaviour covariation in Parkinson's disease with distinct reward evaluation and response inhibition networks that underlie dissociable aspects of impulsivity (cf. choosing and stopping). More broadly, our findings demonstrate the potential of using naturalistic paradigms and neuroimaging techniques in clinical settings to assist in the identification of those susceptible to harmful behaviours.

The current study aims to explore the hedonic and utilitarian values offered through fast food attributes (e.g. menu items, calorie information, location, etc.) and the impact of these values on customer consumption. Interviews were orchestrated with store managers of different fast food chains. The findings show that a hedonic value is delivered through the use of marketing strategies by offering a variety of menu items, menu customization and fun activities in promotional materials. Some fast food marketing strategieswhich include simplifying the menu classification, displaying kilojoules information, and locating at convenience locationare intended to offer utilitarian value. The hedonic values tend to offer enjoyment and excitement in fast food consumption and could result in an increase in sales for a certain period of time. The utilitarian values are task-oriented consumption, which tends to motivate regular customers to visit fast food restaurants. The study concluded the findings into three attributes including excitement, performance, and threshold attributes. Furthermore, the study offers insightful managerial implications in which we discuss the potential impact of fast food marketing attributes on customer satisfaction using Kano"s model.

buying and its impact on compulsive buying within the metaverse setting by identifying two influential factors (PCV and MEP) that determine impulsive buying. This study offers significant contributions to the understanding and administration of consumer behavior in the metaverse.

The Philippines’ economy is strongly reliant on agriculture. Organic agriculture production is usually recognized as the main driver of sustainable economic development especially in rural areas since it adheres to the principles of sustainability and sustainable marketing. The benefits of agricultural organic products, their appearance, taste and processing, sustainable marketing techniques, the development of organic agricultural businesses, the lack of genetically modified organisms and consumer purchasing decisions such as the cost of sustainable products are all the primary focus of this study. Moreover, it helps Asian farmers, producers and consumers understand how effective marketing can be for agricultural businesses.  Researchers, entrepreneurs, students and consumers benefit as well. The data gathered through the use of an appropriate sampling strategy resulted in 279 responses. The programme known as SmartPLS 4 was used to carry out the analysis of this data. Upon further...

In the modern era of market liberalization, retailing is going through a significant transformation with growing disposable incomes, changing lifestyle and increasingly assertive consumers. This phenomenon of retail growth is bringing more Indian and International players on the scene. The steep competition is posing different challenges for the retailers. Traditionally various sales promotional schemes are introduced to increase the sales and profitability, along with this marketers are incorporating various in-store marketing strategies to trigger impulsive buying. In-store sampling has become an important arm of marketing strategies as it drives the product trials and furthermore induces the shopper to purchase the product. In-store Sampling of the product drives the product trails and distribution, it not only increase the sale of the day but brings the product into 'consideration set' of the shopper. For this research study, the data was collected from retail store where product sampling campaign was conducted by the marketers. With the help of appropriate statistical technique, present study tests the hypothesis proposed on the basis of secondary data. This research provides significant implication of the in-store sampling and its impact on impulsive buying in retailing.

In the modern era of market liberalization, retailing is going through a significant transformation with growing disposable incomes, changing lifestyle and increasingly assertive consumers. This phenomenon of retail growth is bringing more Indian and International players on the scene. The steep competition is posing different challenges for the retailers. Traditionally various sales promotional schemes are introduced to increase the sales and profitability, along with this marketers are incorporating various in-store marketing strategies to trigger impulsive buying. In-store sampling has become an important arm of marketing strategies as it drives the product trials and furthermore induces the shopper to purchase the product. In-store Sampling of the product drives the product trails and distribution, it not only increase the sale of the day but brings the product into ‘consideration set’ of the shopper. For this research study, the data was collected from retail store where produc...

Conventional representations of consumer decision-making are mostly cognitive and chronological in nature. Emotional proclamations are made by consumers on a daily basis. Marketer to some extent turns from the conventional marketing schemes. They now concentrate on the role of emotions in the buying procedure. Emotional component plays a vital role in decision making process. Conventional models beliefs emotions are chronological in nature. Generally the negative emotions are dreadful and should be conquer. Attitudes are mainly liable to forecast behavior when cognitive participation is elevated and consumers consider expansively about the information that increases their attitudes. A review of literature on impulse buying, consumer behavior and emotional intelligence is presented and a synopsis of a baseline study on impulse, consumer behavior and emotional intelligence is also presented.

Impulse Buying is defined as "any purchase which a shopper makes but has not planned in advance" and this is a very important part of consumer buying behavior. Presently women in National Capital Region have economic power unlike many years ago when they had little education and there was a lot of prejudicial treatment against them based on their gender. Today with a set of changes in terms of culture, lifestyle etc, women population has been able to arise and is considered as a lucrative market. With these changes a lot of women have good jobs and as a result improved financial status so the focus has been shifted towards women consumers in India. Most of the impulse buying decisions are influence by store displays, ambience, promotion schemes etc. In this study impulse buying behavior is studied which compels women customers to purchase product instantly instead of choosing them. Hence, the present study is conducted to explore the effect of factors which affects women consumers' impulse buying behavior in National Capital region (NCR).

The proliferation of e-commerce has rendered the psychology of online shopping an intriguing area of investigation. Online shopping is significantly influenced by several psychological triggers, involving cognitive and emotive processes in purchasing decision-making in the digital marketplace. This study examines three aspects—scarcity, urgency, and personalization—to determine the impact of these variables on consumers' online buying behavior as these triggers substantially impact e-commerce, necessitating an understanding of the customer psyche. The study used a quantitative design to collect data from 400 adult online buyers aged 18 to 50. The data are analyzed through ANOVA and regression analysis. The findings indicate that consumers react differently to psychological triggers, and urgency and scarcity produce more powerful purchase intent effects than personalization strategies. Moreover, findings suggest that customers retired of personalized techniques due to ethical issues. This study has implications for marketers, brand strategists, user experience (UX) designers, and consumer psychologists. Marketers may customize their strategies and win customer trust; brand strategists may connect with consumers ethically and increase brand loyalty, and UX designers may improve user engagement and satisfaction by integrating these triggers into digital interfaces. Likewise, consumer psychologists may better understand how emotional and cognitive reactions affect online shopping behavior, enabling future research and therapy.

With the evolution of online buying behavior, live-streaming e-commerce (LSE) has emerged as a disruptive innovation, merging entertainment, real-time interaction, and digital shopping into a single, immersive experience. Despite its growing popularity, limited research has explored the psychological and social mechanisms driving consumer behavior in these dynamic environments. This study investigates the psychological and
social factors influencing consumer purchase behavior and brand trust during live shopping events. It specifically examines the effects of real-time engagement features—such as live chats, Q&A sessions, and limited-time offers—on consumer decisions to explore how para-social relationships with streamers and perceived authenticity shape
consumer responses. Three key propositions are tested: (1) real-time engagement boosts impulse buying; (2) stronger interactions with streamers enhance brand trust; and (3) authenticity moderates the effect of engagement on purchase intentions. A quantitative approach was employed, using regression analysis, correlation, and structural equation
modeling (SEM) on data collected from 400 participants with prior live shopping experience. The findings reveal that emotional stimulation through authentic, real-time interactions creates a sense of urgency and social connection, leading to heightened consumer engagement and increased purchase behavior. This research contributes to existing literature by highlighting the role of emotional involvement in live commerce and provides actionable insights for digital marketers. In discussing approaches to managing cognitive overload and privacy risks, the study recommends future research on cross-cultural consumer behavior and the integration of artificial intelligence in live shopping experiences.

This study examines the impact of food super store shopping on impulsive buying behavior. The results highlight that discounted price, advertisement &promotion, visual merchandising and emotional attachment, have impact on consumer impulsive buying behavior but special occasions and companion's influence donot impact consumer impulsive buying behavior. The study is based on a sample of food super store buyers from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The exploration is useful for marketers to understand impulsive consumers and their choices. Food super stores are one of the growing businesses in Pakistan; therefore, this study will guide the marketers to understand this market segment effectively. The study also discovers the association between food super store shopping environment and types of consumer impulsive buying behavior which are cognitive impulsive buying and affective impulsive buying.

This study aims to examine the influence of Shopee Live and Shopee PayLater features on impulse buying behavior among e-commerce users. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis on 100 respondents. The findings reveal that Shopee Live has a positive and significant effect on impulsive purchasing behavior. Meanwhile, Shopee PayLater also demonstrates a significant impact, although it tends to show a negative direction in purchasing decisions. The study concludes that visual interaction and transaction convenience offered by these features contribute to the emergence of unplanned consumption patterns in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the influence of Shopee Live and Shopee PayLater features on impulse buying behavior among e-commerce users. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis on 100 respondents. The findings reveal that Shopee Live has a positive and significant effect on impulsive purchasing behavior. Meanwhile, Shopee PayLater also demonstrates a significant impact, although it tends to show a negative direction in purchasing decisions. The study concludes that visual interaction and transaction convenience offered by these features contribute to the emergence of unplanned consumption patterns in the digital era.

Aim: Using social media as a marketing tool has given market players a new and interesting way to market their products and services not only in developed markets, but also in emerging ones. One of the important emerging markets for such companies is Indonesia, which has a large consuming market. As part of their marketing campaigns, suppliers used impulsive buying behaviour and other techniques to encourage customers to buy. Nevertheless, there are still some concerns and inconsistencies in literature regarding factors influencing impulsive buying in Indonesia for younger generations namely Gen Z & Y. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of TikTok Live

Media technology is changing how people communicate, work, consume goods and services, and socialize. Meanwhile, digital devices always move wherever people move, even when the owner is sleeping, making people very dependent on gadgets. This book chapter examines impulse buying habits by controlling online product campaigns. Because online and offline life cannot always overlap during the COVID-19 pandemic, gadgets always guide every activity, including shopping, and become impulsive triggers. The literature review approach to 152 articles that have been published in various academic journals is analyzed with the dimensions of “Resources” of shopping activities, psychologically “Internal” factors, and “External” factors of retail industry marketing communication activities. The results show that new resources that are the primary basis for impulsive buying are gadgets or devices and marketplaces with their applications. Internal factors that encourage impulsiveness are cognitive dis...

Perkembangan pesat e-commerce di Indonesia telah menjadikan strategi promosi seperti diskon dan cashback sebagai faktor kunci dalam menarik minat belanja konsumen, terutama di kalangan mahasiswa. Shopee, sebagai salah-satu platform terdepan, gencar menggunakan kedua jenis promosi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pengaruh diskon terhadap minat belanja mahasiswa di Shopee, (2) menganalisis pengaruh cashback terhadap minat belanja mahasiswa di Shopee, dan (3) membandingkan mana di antara diskon dan cashback yang memiliki pengaruh lebih dominan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei kuantitatif yang disebarkan kepada responden mahasiswa aktif pengguna Shopee. Data yang terkumpul akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel independen (diskon dan cashback) dengan variabel dependen (minat belanja). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan bukti empiris mengenai preferensi promosi di kalangan mahasiswa, yang bermanfaat bagi pelaku e-commerce dalam merancang strategi pemasaran yang lebih efektif serta bagi konsumen mahasiswa untuk membuat keputusan belanja yang lebih cerdas.

This paper has studied various components of Virtual Merchandising at Jewellery retail outlets in Madurai city, Tamilnadu and it aims to find out how and to what extent jewellers incorporate visual merchandising, that appeals to the customers and lead to a potential purchase. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 600 respondents across Madurai city. AMOS, Correlation and Regression analysis was carried out to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The major findings in the light of the objectives of this study were that most of Jewellers need to have attractive window displays, proper stores layout, appealing visual merchandising themes to attract present and potential customers into the outlet. It is also understood that the most important aspect of visual merchandising in Jewellery retailing is to have proper lighting and attractive display themes with numerous designs.

Using the Stimulus Organization-Response (S-OR) framework, this research attempts to explore the effects of the Online Consumer Reviews (OCR) on Consumer Trust (CT) and Online Impulse Buying (OIB). Additionally, it looks at how the Consumer trust functions act as a mediating factor between OIB and OCR. A total of 150 participants satisfactorily completed the Google form questionnaire, which was used to collect data. Respondents in this study included those who had exhibited consumer trust and made impulsive internet purchases. The methodology employed in this research makes use of partial least squares (SEM-PLS), which is a structural equation modelling technique. The results demonstrate that while consumer trust strongly influences online impulse buying, online Consumer reviews considerably influence both consumer trust and online impulse buying. Furthermore, the association between OCR and OIB was partially mediated by CT. This study promotes online Consumer reviews for Indian social commerce users. Consumers act on advice to make impulsive purchases as Consumer trust grows. People who exhibit a propensity for making rash internet purchases are encouraged by the trust that they have in them. The theoretical and practical ramifications of this study can offer insightful information for future studies on online consumer purchases.

Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to present the results of a pilot study on customer regret in a negative purchase situation. The paper presents the context of regret, the causes of negative emotions, how people react afterwards, and suggests themes or relationships worth exploring in more depth in future studies. Design/methodology/approach: The study took an exploratory, qualitative and quantitative approach. Data was collected through a survey using questionnaires with closed and unstructured open-ended questions. A snowball sample of 70 participants was used to describe the purchase context, emotions experienced and subsequent actions taken. Findings: The study found that the most common and strongly felt emotions after an unsuccessful purchase were disappointment, dissatisfaction, anger and regret-with regret reported by over 75% of respondents. The main causes of negative experiences were poor product quality, misleading descriptions, delivery problems and poor customer service, most commonly related to online shopping. Strong feelings of regret made it difficult for participants to accept the situation and some reported changing their shopping habits as a result. Research limitations: Although it is a pilot study, the main limitation of it is the small sample size. Additionally the open-ended questions make it difficult to analyse the data and generalize findings. Practical implications: Organizations, retailers and marketers should pay attention to key triggers of negative emotions (as poor product quality, misleading online representations, and inadequate customer service) and introduce improvement and preventive actions in these areas. Originality/value: The paper is based on own surveys and data analyses.

A shopping mall can be viewed as extending the concept to express the value of experiencing a set of mall attributes. The study developed and tested a structural model of customer shopping behavior in shopping malls to enhance the understanding of shopping behavior. A self-administered survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method of 420 customers in shopping malls in Quetta, Pakistan. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) examines the hypothesized relationships. The results indicated that shopping motivation orientation and shopping frequency toward shopping behavior were significant factors. The results show that it is significantly and positively related to shopping behavior. However, the customer shopping experience was an insignificant factor in the shopping behavior of shopping mall customers.

This study aims to examine the influence of Shopee Live and Shopee PayLater features on impulse buying behavior among e-commerce users. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis on 100 respondents. The findings reveal that Shopee Live has a positive and significant effect on impulsive purchasing behavior. Meanwhile, Shopee PayLater also demonstrates a significant impact, although it tends to show a negative direction in purchasing decisions. The study concludes that visual interaction and transaction convenience offered by these features contribute to the emergence of unplanned consumption patterns in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the influence of Shopee Live and Shopee PayLater features on impulse buying behavior among e-commerce users. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis on 100 respondents. The findings reveal that Shopee Live has a positive and significant effect on impulsive purchasing behavior. Meanwhile, Shopee PayLater also demonstrates a significant impact, although it tends to show a negative direction in purchasing decisions. The study concludes that visual interaction and transaction convenience offered by these features contribute to the emergence of unplanned consumption patterns in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the influence of Shopee Live and Shopee PayLater features on impulse buying behavior among e-commerce users. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis on 100 respondents. The findings reveal that Shopee Live has a positive and significant effect on impulsive purchasing behavior. Meanwhile, Shopee PayLater also demonstrates a significant impact, although it tends to show a negative direction in purchasing decisions. The study concludes that visual interaction and transaction convenience offered by these features contribute to the emergence of unplanned consumption patterns in the digital era.

Purpose -To investigate the impact of salesperson features factors on of subway passengers Design/methodology/approach -Based on Belk's framework on situational factors in a sales situation, the study employed a dataset of subway station in Iran (Tehran city) and regression for analysis. Findings -It is found that, whether in the individual sample, two main factors considered significantly affected shoppers' purchases of food or non-food products. However, situational influences on purchases varied according to the types of products bought. More importantly, the findings on the impact of some factors were consistent across three or two samples, suggesting that their external validity may be extended to certain conditions. Research limitations/implications -The study had a limitation in the selection of the stations where the interviews were conducted, so some of the findings may be station-specific rather than representative of the general population of shoppers in the nations or regions. Practical implications -The information disclosed here may help the practitioners to better understand shoppers' (especially Chinese shoppers') behaviour in malls and, as a consequence, to undertake more efficient marketing strategies in malls (especially in the malls in China). Originality/value -The distinguished feature of this paper is that it simultaneously examined the impacts of 2 main factors on subway passengers purchase decisions. Keywords :Buying behavior, product features ,salesperson features 1.liteture Impulse purchasing is often triggered suddenly in shopping environment ). It refers to a consumer sudden interest in buying a product triggered by different factors: internal or external. The former contains "self feelings, moods and emotional states" and the latter contains "marketer controlled and sensory factors, like displays, cash machines, sounds, or smells" . The phenomenon of impulse buying has been studied in consumer research as well as for instance in economics marketing since the 1950s. Impulse buying has been an important source of revenue for retailers in brick-andmortar retailing. Several researches such as ; believe, many studies on impulse buying directly concern causes or antecedents of an impulse purchase . Dittmar has shown ''linked economic, social and cultural change in advanced economic have created a climate in which individuals make consumer decisions". This variable relates to feel of shoppers about amount of time, which has available in one day (time available) and it is opposite of time pressure ) Time pressure has a negative effect to unplanned purchase and will reduce that. This result has required with one experiment by Iyer in 1989. Beside in front of that, when a shopper searches activity in a retail setting time available has positive effect for that activity So in this situation individuals who have more time, they browse longer in stores. believe , given the strong influence of available time on in-store browsing, sellers must attempt to affect the time shoppers think they have available in the store. The retailers make do this by making shopping more efficient, such as by helping the buyer in finding her or his planned items more quickly. Consequently, as consumer spent more time in shopping environment, they also more likely to make more impulse buying and it has even been argued that discretionary unplanned buying has become part of the core meaning of consumer society today, as individuals buy goods and services with discretionary income intentionally, but without prior planning (Mesrinata,2009). Consumers who have low entertainment values for shopping will be more efficient, spend less time in the store, and see a lower net benefit of engaging in unplanned purchasing.

Purpose: Online impulse buying or e-impulse buying is steadily rising as e-commerce evolves, yet only a handful of studies have delved into this phenomenon. Impulse buying has been an area of opportunity for marketers to induce unplanned purchases. It leads to generation of voluminous business all over the world. The purpose of this paper was to gain an insight in the relationship between website attributes and e-impulse buying and the influence it exerts on e-impulse buying in the context of apparels. Methodology: Secondary data was used for understanding the website attributes that can impact eimpulse buying. Based on this, the website attributes identified for the study were website content, product variety, website design and ease of navigation. Primary data was collected from 233 students in Kottayam via questionnaire dissemination and the collected data was analysed using statistical tools in SPSS. Findings: The findings provided relevant insights in the context of students and e-impulse buying. It revealed that only website content showed an influence on e-impulse buying. The remaining variables have shown no indication of a relationship with e-impulse buying. Implications: For marketers, the above result is a revelation. Steps to improve website content can catalyst sales in online apparel stores according to the insights from the study. Further research is required to be able to comprehend other attributes of website which was not considered for this study, that can exert a significant influence on e-impulse buying.

Over the last few years, the concept of green marketing has drawn considerable attention to itself, in both individuals as well as in a society. The idea of "green marketing" has been focused on promoting goods and services based on how beneficial they are to the environment. Changing the product, the production process, the packaging, and the advertising are all examples of actions that fall under the umbrella of green marketing, environmental marketing, or ecological marketing. Green marketing focuses on client requirements and wants while causing little to no harm to the environment. Impulse buying has been an area of opportunity for marketers to induce unplanned purchases. It leads to generation of voluminous business all over the world. In recent years the term green marketing or eco marketing have come to prominence and reflect a growing concern at all levels of the impact of the increased consumption on physical environment. Many manufacturers have recognized environmental concerns as a source of competitive advantage and have developed products with a green image. Thus, exerting an inhibiting influence on the impulse buying behaviour of the consumers. In this paper, a theoretical attempt has been made to fathom the concepts of green marketing and impulse buying and their relation with each other. Based on the available limited research, it was learned that green marketing has an inverse relation with impulse buying, alarming news for the marketers. Hence, marketers need to widen their scope to include green marketing with impulse buying.

Playing music in stores is one of the new ways to attract customers and make them stay longer in the store, which is widely used by large retailers today. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of playing music on the behavior of consumers in chain stores of Ofogh Korosh in Zahedan city. In terms of methodology, the current research is a descriptive and applied study that has investigated the investigated phenomena cross-sectionally. The statistical population of this research includes 460 customers of the chain store of Ofogh Korosh in Zahedan city, of which 210 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the Cochran formula. In order to conduct this research, Afshani and Islamian's music questionnaires (2019) and Valin et al.'s (2012) consumer behavior questionnaires were used. In order to analyze the data, SMART-PLS software was used in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the t value between music variables and consumer behavior is 14.738, which has a value greater than 1.96, so the relationship between the exogenous variable of music on the endogenous and dependent variable of behavior The consumer is confirmed at the confidence level of 0.95. So, it can be concluded that playing music has a significant effect on the behavior of consumers in chain stores of Ofogh Korosh Zahedan. This research showed that music affects the minds of consumers, affects their understanding of the environment and increases sales.

This study investigates the factor groups influencing impulsive buying behavior on social media among Vietnamese youth. Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-OR) theoretical model, the research targets individuals aged 14 to under 30 who frequently engage in online shopping on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative expert interviews with quantitative survey analysis. Using a sample of 390 valid responses collected through both online and offline channels, the study applied Cronbach's Alpha to assess measurement reliability and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify underlying constructs. The findings reveal seven main factor groups affecting impulsive buying behavior: visual stimulation, price and promotion, social network features, social influence, positive emotions, perceived product value, and impulsive buying tendency. These insights offer valuable implications for online businesses seeking to design targeted marketing strategies that enhance consumer engagement and drive unplanned purchases among young consumers in the digital age.

This research paper explores how consumers experience satisfaction from impulse and planned purchases based on whether they shop alone or with an important other. Conducted across two individualist and two collectivist countries, the study investigates how cultural context and social presence interact to influence post-purchase satisfaction. Key findings reveal that collectivist consumers feel more satisfied with impulse purchases made in the company of others, while individualist consumers show no such variance. Satisfaction with planned purchases remains constant across cultures and social settings.

Keywords: consumer behavior, impulse buying, planned purchases, cultural psychology, cross-cultural research, individualism vs collectivism, shopping satisfaction, social influence, consumer satisfaction, comparative study.

This research paper explores how consumers experience satisfaction from impulse and planned purchases based on whether they shop alone or with an important other. Conducted across two individualist and two collectivist countries, the study investigates how cultural context and social presence interact to influence post-purchase satisfaction. Key findings reveal that collectivist consumers feel more satisfied with impulse purchases made in the company of others, while individualist consumers show no such variance. Satisfaction with planned purchases remains constant across cultures and social settings.

Keywords: consumer behavior, impulse buying, planned purchases, cultural psychology, cross-cultural research, individualism vs collectivism, shopping satisfaction, social influence, consumer satisfaction, comparative study.

Employees’ work behaviour is a very important success factor towards organizational efficiency and productivity. Yet, studies have demonstrated that counterproductive work behaviour remains a problematic organisational issue particularly among employees of Anambra State Civil Service. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between working conditions and work behaviour of employees in Anambra State Civil Service. The study employed the descriptive cross-sectional survey research design.The sample size for the study was 200 employees who were selected through the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data for the study were collected through questionnaire administration and data collected were processed using the SPSS software package. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the simple regression model, to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Findings of the study revealed that the employees of Anambra State Civil Service perceived the working condition as stringent. It was equally found that a satistically significant relationship existed between perceived working conditions and work behaviour of employees in Anambra State civil service. The study recommended the need for periodic employees’ needs assessment in every ministry of Anambra State Civil Service Commission, so as to ensure that poor working conditions of employees are identified and addressed effectively.
Keywords: Working Conditions, Work Behaviour, Perceived, Civil Servants

Objective: Nowadays, consumers usually make many instant purchases without planning, personality factors have a great impact on instant purchase motives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of personality type on instant purchase tendencies.
Method: The research model was explained in three parts: independent, dependent and adjustable, in which the two variables of personality type of customers and sellers were identified as independent and adjustable variables, respectively, and the index of instant buying tendencies was determined as the dependent variable. Based on this model, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the 385 sample customers of hypermarket food products in Tehran.
Results: According to the results obtained from the calculations, the results showed the confirmation of the hypotheses, except for two hypotheses, the effect of openness to the customers' experience on the instant buying tendencies of the customers and the effect of the conscientiousness of the customers on the instant buying tendencies of the customers.
Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the highest impact coefficient related to the effect of sales staff compatibility on the relationship between customer compatibility and instant buying with 0.78, tendencies, and the lowest impact coefficient is related to the impact of customer compatibility on the instant purchase with 0.55 tendencies.

This study aims to determine the effect of hedonic motivation on impulse buying with gender as a dummy variable at CSB Mall Cirebon. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative, namely causal associative research. The sample in this research is CSB Mall Cirebon customers. The sampling technique used was direct survey researchers using descriptive quantitative techniques. We collected data by distributing questionnaires to CSB Mall Cirebon customers and analyzed using other additional applications. The results of the study show that there is no evidence that women often make impulsive purchases compared to men at CSB Mall Cirebon. This means that there is no difference between women and men in making impulse purchases.

Ratu Lailatul Ulfa (C1C023043) FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JAMBI 2025 KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis haturkan ke hadirat Allah subhanahuwata'ala, yang maha pengasih lagi maha penyayang karna berkat rahmat dan karunia-nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul "Metode Pengumpulan Data Penelitian". Tidak lupa pula sholawat dan salam penulis hadiahkan kepada teladan dari sekian umat, nabi Muhammad SAW, sosok inspirasi sepanjang zaman, penobrak pintu gulita hingga terbitlah cahaya yang oleh karenanya manusia dapat mengetahui indahnya ilmu pengetahuan yang tersebar di semesta raya ciptaan Tuhan yang Maha Esa. Penyelesaian makalah ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak.Ileh karena itu, perluh penulis haturkan terima kasih sebanyak banyaknya atas bantuan berpa moril, tanaga, jasa, masukan, nasihat, dan motivatsi sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini tepat waktu.

Impulsive buying has a vital role in profitability of the consuming markets; consequently, identifying facilitating factors affecting theses buying has a significant role in increment of competitiveness among these businesses. In order to achieve this, the following research assesses the effect of individual and environmental factors on impulsive buying with due considering for positive sense as the mediating variable. The research is an applied research considering objective and descriptive-survey regarding data aggregation. The population of interest includes buyers who refer to Kourosh Shopping Center in Tehran. For sampling random method has been applied. Data analysis has been performed applying structural equations model through Lisrel 8.5. The results indicate that environmental and individual factors indirectly affect impulsive buying behavior. In addition, positive sense of the buyers plays a significant mediating role in these relationships. Accordingly, some suggestions h...

One of the main aspects in the consumer behavior is the concept of involvement because it influences the decision rules used by tourists to reach the final decision. An empirical study of 600 international tourists reveals that motivation to relax, influences tourists' involvement with the trip. A structural model shows that when tourists are motivated to relax they get directly more involved with their trip (pleasure and information seeking). The motivation to relax also influences indirectly the tourist involvement with the evaluation and quality perception of the trip through its influence on involvement with the trip planning. Discussion centers on the implications of this model to theory and management specifically to the development of tourism and services strategies.

The study aimed to explore new aspects and dimensions of consumer behavior during COVID-19. Hence, significant changes in consumer behavior were identified, and the characteristics, similarities, and differences of these behavioral approaches were discovered to obtain the purpose. The systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR method, which is a systematic procedure for screening and analyzing the chosen literature. The study found four major changes in consumer behavior; panic buying (large volume, short-run), stockpiling (large volume, long-run), impulse buying  (small volume, short-run), and sustainable buying behavior (small volume, long-run).  Moreover, this study explored the correlations and differences among these  behaviors. The authors constructed an innovative framework that examines the characteristics of panic buying, stockpiling, impulse buying, and sustainable buying behavior, drawing upon existing work in the field.  As this paper explains the characteristics and underlying reason for the transformed behavior, this paper can contribute to the literature on consumer behavior during uncertain situations. This study can help  marketers, government, and policymakers to understand consumer behavior changes and their causes in any emergency circumstance. Furthermore, using this study's findings, decision-makers could develop and adopt inventory management, supply chain management, and sustainable consumption policies and strategies to address the crisis.

mpulsive buying behavior has attracted many studies, yet there is an inconsistent result of factors determining impulse buying, particularly when consumers’ environment is involved. This study investigates the effects of store atmosphere, sales promotion, and hedonic shopping motivation on impulse buying mediated by a positive emotional response. The sample of this study was 175 consumers of Indonesia’s largest department store who have at least visited the store once. Data were collected using Google Forms online questionnaires and analyzed with the PLS-SEM method. The results show that sales promotion and hedonic shopping motivation directly affect the positive emotional response. Positive emotional response directly influences impulsive buying and significantly mediates the effects of sales promotion and hedonic shopping motivation on impulse buying. The store atmosphere did not affect the positive emotional responses of consumers and impulsive buying behavior. This study suggests the cruciality of positive emotional response in improving impulsive buying and, thus, such should not be ignored in consumer behavior studies. Practically, business practitioners should maintain consumers’ positive emotions to gauge their impulse buying tendency, leading to improved sales.