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Implicit Social Cognition

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Implicit social cognition refers to the automatic, unconscious processes that influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards social groups and individuals. It encompasses the mental representations and evaluations that occur without deliberate awareness, shaping interpersonal interactions and social judgments.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Implicit social cognition refers to the automatic, unconscious processes that influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards social groups and individuals. It encompasses the mental representations and evaluations that occur without deliberate awareness, shaping interpersonal interactions and social judgments.

Key research themes

1. How do implicit biases and stereotypes arise from and interact with social perception dynamics such as entitativity and situational variability?

This research theme explores the mechanisms by which implicit biases are modulated by how social groups are perceived as coherent entities (entitativity) and how implicit biases fluctuate according to situational contexts. Understanding the influence of perceived group unity and ecological or cultural context on the activation and expression of implicit stereotypes is critical to improving implicit measurement tools and devising interventions to reduce discrimination.

Key finding: The authors present evidence that implicit bias is not solely an individual-level stable construct but is heavily influenced by social contexts and aggregate cultural factors. They support an interactionist view where both... Read more
Key finding: This work proposes an associative-propositional evaluation (APE) model emphasizing that implicit bias emerges from an interaction between the structure of a person's mental associations and the configurational stimuli present... Read more

2. What are the cognitive and affective foundations of implicit mental states and how do they form a cluster of semantic-affective associations rather than discrete categories?

This theme investigates whether implicit stereotypes and implicit prejudices constitute distinct cognitive entities or whether they represent overlapping semantic-affective clusters. Unpacking the structure of implicit mental states is crucial to refining theoretical models of implicit bias, enhancing the predictive power of indirect measures, and guiding the design of targeted interventions.

Key finding: Challenging the widely held two-type model that separates implicit stereotypes (cold cognitive constructs) and implicit prejudices (hot affective states), this paper evidences that all implicit stereotypes are affect-laden... Read more
Key finding: Through a comprehensive philosophical and psychological review, this study supports a one-type model of implicit mental states wherein cognitive (stereotype) and affective (prejudice) components are fundamentally integrated.... Read more

3. How can implicit bias be conceptualized behaviorally rather than as latent mental constructs, and what are the implications for measurement and intervention?

This research focus critiques traditional latent construct views of implicit bias, advocating instead for a perspective that treats implicit bias as automatic, context-induced behavioral phenomena. This paradigm shift affects how implicit bias is measured — emphasizing observable behavior over hypothetical mental entities — and influences the design of research methodologies and bias-reduction strategies.

Key finding: This paper advances a behavioral perspective, defining implicit bias as implicit group-based behavior automatically influenced by social group cues, rather than stable hidden mental structures. It clarifies that implicit bias... Read more
Key finding: Examining the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), this paper provides evidence that relational behavioral measures may offer greater specificity than associative implicit measures such as the IAT by assessing... Read more

All papers in Implicit Social Cognition

While the debate regarding the embodied nature of human cognition is still a research interest in cognitive science and epistemology, recent findings in neuroscience suggest that cognitive processes involved in social interaction are... more
Intercultural sensitivity is a function of developmental stages based on relativistic realities of the individual. Intercultural competence, on the other hand, draws on Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and intercultural sensitivity to shift... more
Many theorists working on the origins of language now argue that language is a cultural evolutionary outgrowth of the human capacity for Gricean communication. However, basically no attention has been paid by these theorists to the... more
Interpersonal physiological entrainment is increasingly argued to underlie rapport, empathy and even team performance. We investigate the presence, temporal development, possible mechanisms and impact of interpersonal heart rate... more
This paper has two aims: first, to introduce a philosophical audience to research on implicit and explicit biases related to age; and second, to identify and explain ageist biases within social-scientific research. In the first case,... more
The findings from this cross-sectional study on 27 corporate employees reveal relationships between leader and follower leadership behaviors and follower identity with the leader. A positive relationship was found between the leaders’... more
The Concealed Information Test (CIT), a well-established tool in forensic investigations, has thus far been utilised to measure autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes associated with concealed information. While previous studies have... more
Emotion gesture art is a new type of user modeling and representation in a form of aesthetic art. It consists of a unique combination of color, sound and animation (shape) that in itself creates the same emotional feeling for spectators.... more
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is an epidemic social and public health problem. Research has consistently found evidence for a complex etiology of IPVAW resulting from the interaction of many factors, among which... more
Antistigma campaigns have been promoting a medical view of schizophrenia. Given the growing body of research finding negative associations between biogenetic (BG) causal attributions and stigmatizing attitudes, this approach must be... more
There is preliminary evidence that approach avoid training can shift implicit alcohol associations and improve treatment outcomes. We sought to replicate and extend those findings in US undergraduate social drinkers (Study 1) and at-risk... more
Throughout human evolutionary history, cooperative contact with others has been fundamental for human survival. At the same time, social contact has been a source of threats. In this article, we focus on one particular viable threat,... more
This paper describes the participatory approach chosen to develop and evaluate a new serious game called Cyber Chronix developed in the format of a digital comic strip with storytelling branches. The aim of the story entitled "Finding... more
This narrative literature review examines how racial stereotypes function not only within individual cognition but also across institutional systems in the United States, building on the foundational contributions of social psychologist... more
Placing outgroup members in positive social contexts can reduce implicit bias. Different contexts may activate different associations of the group. Alternatively, contexts may act as cues for inhibiting bias. We applied the Quad model to... more
Processes that permit control over automatic impulses are critical to a range of goal-directed behaviors. Th is chapter examines the role of self-control in implicit attitudes. It is widely assumed that implicit attitude measures refl ect... more
Recursive Simulation Collapse: The First Scientific Containment of Symbolic Recursion in Artificial Intelligence (Collapse Harmonics Codex II.5.1) This document marks a turning point in the scientific understanding of artificial... more
Background Anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype (AN-R), is a severe psychiatric disorder, with abnormal interoception, autonomic nervous system disturbances, and increased exposure to childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs), frequently... more
Implicit attitudes are the unconscious and automatic evaluations people make about objects, persons, and groups. These attitudes have been the subject of much discussion in the social and cognitive psychology literature of the past three... more
Morality is a fundamental component of human cultures and has been defined as prescriptive norms regarding how people should treat one another, including concepts such as justice, fairness, and rights. Using fMRI, the current study... more
This correlational research aimed to do a proficiency test of a psychometric analysis of a scale for measuring girl students' beliefs and coping behaviors with a non-experimental method. The population was all girl students in Tehran and... more
Implicit biases and prejudices are often costly to the self and others since they can impair cognitive functioning, social interactions, physical health, and psychological wellbeing. Growing awareness of the negative impact of implicit... more
This study investigates the relationship between religious beliefs, particularly belief in life after death, and political inclinations among Americans. Utilizing data from the 2022 General Social Survey (GSS), we explored the... more
Previous research using the dot perspective task has produced evidence that humans may be equipped with a mechanism that spontaneously tracks others’ gaze direction and thereby acquires information about what they can see. Other findings,... more
We argue that many recent philosophical discussions about the reference of everyday concepts of intentional states have implicitly been predicated on descriptive theories of reference. To rectify this, we attempt to demonstrate how a... more
The aim of this study is to investigate the bodily-self in Restrictive Anorexia, focusing on two basic aspects related to the bodily self: autonomic strategies in social behavior, in which others' social desirability features, and... more
Usually, well-being has been measured by means of questionnaires or scales. Although most of these methods have a high level of reliability and validity, they present some limitations. In order to try to improve well-being assessment, in... more
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) is a relatively new measure of implicit cognition that tests cognition as relational behavior instead of an associative activity and thus may provide a more specific measure of cognitive... more
The primary purpose of this study was to test the main claims of terror management theory through an alternative cultural worldview by focusing on Sufism, in which death is seen as a desired state for meeting God (Vuslat). Sufism is a... more
Despite these successes, there is not always widespread support for tobacco control policies. found that certain segments of both the smoking and nonsmoking populations were relatively unsupportive of smoking restrictions. Recent research... more
This study examined the intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking, as well as the role of these attitudes in adolescents' smoking initiation. There was evidence of intergenerational transmission of... more
Research indicates that various social factors can predict language attitudes. However, although social dominance orientation (SDO), the individual's preference for societal hierarchies, has been found to determine evaluations of a range... more
This paper presents a model of dynamic cognition. That model is humanly produced in the first section. The second section is the A.I. answer to the command to explain how attitudes and values work in cognition, as a comparison to the... more
The purpose of this study was to examine hidden prejudice in two groups of adult students, international and American, against black compared to white teachers. Social desirability in the minds of participants may affect the result of a... more
The purpose of this study was to examine hidden prejudice in two groups of adult students, international and American, against black compared to white teachers. Social desirability in the minds of participants may affect the result of a... more
This essay is my most comprehensive essay (to date), combining the insights from the last eight years on cognition histories and sociology. It demonstrates an epistemic fit of ideologies of Materialism, Spiritualism, and also in the... more
This essay is my most comprehensive essay (to date), combining the insights from the last eight years on cognition histories and sociology. It demonstrates an epistemic fit of ideologies of Materialism, Spiritualism, and also in the... more
Der Artikel befasst sich mit dem Konzept des Patriotismus und seiner Verbindung zu gruppenbezogenen Instinkten. Er argumentiert, dass Patriotismus zwar eine starke Kraft für das Gute sein kann, aber auch zu schädlichem Verhalten wie... more
Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi ulogu percipiranih razrednih normi i međugrupnog kontakta u zauzimanju socijalne distance prema vršnjacima etničkih grupa Nijemaca i Roma. Kako bi se zahvatile moguće razvojne promjene u socijalnoj... more
Law Journal for their work on this piece. I am also grateful to David McClure, Associate Professor and Head of Research and Curriculum Services at the Wiener-Rogers Law Library at UNLV, and to the law students who worked with him to... more
Professor Dermot Barnes-Holmes for guidance with the research. I would like to thank my family who have constantly motivated me and encouraged me throughout the past three years. I would like to thank my friends who have supported me and... more
Although the importance of the psychiatric diagnostic interview is undeniable in the actual clinical practice, its peculiarities as a specific kind of interpersonal phenomenon have not attracted much attention in the literature. This... more
The ability approach has been indicated as promising for advancing research in emotional intelligence (EI). However, there is scarcity of tests measuring EI as a form of intelligence. The Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test,... more
While emotion has often been regarded as a negative force for human decision making, there are times when emotion is essential in order for human beings to make sensible choices. The basis for the phenomenon appears to be the... more
Although people may endorse egalitarianism and tolerance, social biases can remain operative and drive harmful actions in an unconscious manner. Here, we investigated training to reduce implicit racial and gender bias. Forty participants... more
Evaluative conditioning has influenced attitude and preference formation research for nearly three decades, yet our understanding of the processes underlying these effects remains limited. The authors focus on the emotional information... more
Psychometric characteristics were investigated of an Implicit Association Test to assess implicit endorsement of the sexual double standard (SDS-IAT) in emerging adults. The reliability of the SDS-IAT was investigated focusing on internal... more
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