IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry

Introduction-Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders in the world resulting from insufficient thyroid hormone secretions i.e. T3 and T4 and elevation in TSH hormone. Musculoskeletal dysfunctions are often observed in cases of hypothyroidism during any time in disease process resulting in myopathy. Also, hypothyroidism associated myopathy seems to affect renal function, however these relationships require further investigations and need to be confirmed in more patients. Aim-To investigate biochemical markers (serum ck-total and serum creatinine) of myopathy in hypothyroid patients.Objectives-To estimate serum creatine kinase (ck-total) and serum creatininelevels in hypothyroid patients and compare it with healthy controls. Material& Methods-The present study was conducted on male & female patients (age group 20-50 years) diagnosed with hypothyroidism, attending the OPD and IPD of general medicine of Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. The study group was comprised in different age groups of 70 primary hypothyroid pati ents. Result-A significant increase in serum TSH and creatine kinase (ck-total) levels was observed in hypothyroid cases when compared with controls (p<0.001). A statistically non-significant increase in serum creatinine is observed in hypothyroid cases when compared with that of controls (p>0.001). Conclusion-Thepresent study indicated that the hypothyroid patients should be assessed for serum ck-total, and serum creatinine levels, which may lead to better treatment, prognosis of the disease. Moreover, early detection and routine screening of these parameters can prevent or relieve the symptoms of myopathy in hypothyroid patients.

A new allelochemical (1), m.p. 282-284 ºC, m.f. C31H36O19, [M] + 712 (FABMS), has been isolated from methanolic extract of the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina Linn. alongwith two known compounds 2',4',7-trihydroxy isoflavone and isovitexin. The structure of a new compound was characterized as 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy flavone-3'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, by various colour reactions, spectral analysis and chemical degradations.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bio-preservation efficiency of polyphenols extracted from cactus fruit peels in extending the shell life of peeled shrimp during refrigerated (2°C) storage. Changes in microbial, biochemical, and sensorial indicators of cactus polyphenols-treated peeled shrimp (PS) were studied comparatively to a control lot (CS). Results revealed that treatment limited biochemical degradation and reduced the final microbial load in shrimps during storage. They showed the dominance of Brochothrix and Psychrobacter within spoiling bacteria in the CS lot while only limited proliferation of Psychrobacter was observed in PS lot. Correspondence factorial analysis of sensory data showed that polyphenol-treatment extended product shelf life without altering sensorial properties. According principal component analysis, biochemical and bacterial changes were correlated positively with storage time but negatively with polyphenols treatment, which in its turn was positively correlated with sensory evaluation; confirming the beneficial effects of polyphenols treatment on shrimp bio-preservation.

An accurate and detailed knowledge of theIdentification,composition and distribution of malaria vectors is needed to guide malaria control programmes.An investigation to accurately identify malaria vectors using standard molecular protocols was carried out in selected rural and urban communities in Benue State, North Central Nigeria where such baseline data was not previously available. Sampling was carried out using Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) from January to December 2015. A total of 1,734 mosquitoes were recorded of which Culex peaked 1,410 (81.31%), Anopheles 276 (15.92%),Mansoni 14(0.81%), Aedes 3(0.17%) and unidentified accounted for 31 (1.79%). There was a significant difference (P=0.001) between rural and urban communities in species composition at (P<0.05).A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay identified two major species within the Anopheles gambiae complex; Anopheles gambiaes.s. and Anopheles arabiensis. Further identification using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisim (PCR-RFLP) revealed the presence of all three molecular forms (M,S,and H) of Anopheles gambiaes.s.; and for the first time detection of the hybrid form (H form).The distribution maps presented here highlights the existence and location of two members of the Anopheles gambiae complexand three members of the Anopheles gambiaes.s.

Background: AMH is a glycoprotein of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily; it has as an important role in regulation of the ovarian follicle development.AMH Produced by granulosa cells of growing follicles after birth.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of menstrual dysfunction, infertility, and hyperandrogenism, and itsprevalence is about 5-10% in female population of reproductive-age women. Follicular fluid (FF) surrounding the oocyte may play an important role in determining oocyte quality and the future potential to achieve fertilization and development of embryo and it provides a very good environment for the development of the oocytes. Objective: Compare the level of follicular fluid of anti-mellerian hormone (AMH) in women with PCOS and normal ovulatory women that undergoing intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) techniques. And in prediction of clinical outcome (pregnancy) of intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in women with PCOS by measuring the cut-off value of FF of AMH levels.

Phytic acid is a potent anti-nutrient;it reduces the bioavailability of certain nutrients and inhibits enzyme activity. This can impact negatively on metabolic pathways that require these nutrients and lead to deficiency diseases. A study was carried out to access the mutagenic action of sodium azide on the expression of phytic acid and cooking time. These were assessed by the seed analysis of the first mutant generation in pinto, red kidney and navy genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris. Four doses of the mutagen were applied in concentrations of 0.1M, 0.04M, 0.03M and 0.02M for each genotype and planted in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that phytic acid decreased in the pinto for all the doses except at 0.1M, where it showed an increase (17.56mg/100g) of 60.21%. Phytic acid also showed a decrease (3.9mg/100g, 61.15%) at the highest dose of sodium azide (0.1M) in the red kidney. Phytic acid content in the seeds of navy showed a decrease at all the doses. The lowest phytic acid value (2.74mg/100g, 85.47%) was induced in the navy at dose 0.04M. All the sodium azide doses used in the study significantly (p<0.05) increased cooking time in red kidney and navy. In the pinto, higher doses of the mutagen (0.1M and 0.04M) were more effective in reducing cooking time. Breeding programmes can utilize sodium azide to improve the nutritional capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris by reducing phytic acid. A wider range of sodium azide doses which may reduce cooking time in the red kidney and navy are recommended for further study.

Running title: Effect of pomegranate peel extract on quality of pacific white shrimp The effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage

The present work was carried out to study the effect of vacuum packaging and pomegranate peel extract (PE) treatments on the quality of pacific white shrimp (Peneous vannamei) during refrigerated storage. Changes in pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), aerobic plate counts, psychrophilic, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae counts, melanosis and sensory characteristics were investigated in up to 10 days of storage at 4°C. Microbial growth of vacuum packed and PE treated (1 or 2%) shrimps were retarded during storage time in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, use of PE in combination with vacuum packaging enhanced the antimicrobial effect of vacuum packaging against the bacterial populations. Vacuum packaging demonstrated a significant reduction in TVB-N, TMA and TBA content of shrimps during refrigerated storage. However, use of vacuum packaging and PE in combination did not significantly improve chemical parameters of the samples. Hence, vacuum packaging is considered as an effective method to extend the shelf-life of shrimp and, when combined with PE, can dramatically improve the overall likeness and microbial quality of the product.

According to a projection from various studies on thyroid disease, it has been estimated that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid diseases. In this tied up life, most of the people are not taking care about their lifestyle. As a result, the human being is suffering from various diseases, out of which endocrinal disorders are very common worldwide and it is very common in India as well. Change in the level of endocrinal secretion leads to many diseases. Thyroid gland is one of the important endocrine gland situated in the throat and it has number of significant role in the human body. Yoga makes changes in lifestyle of the person. With the background that a number of studies being conducted to observe the effect of complementary therapies to balance the secretions of the bodily hormones, the present study aimed to find the impact of Hatha Yogic Practices on the level of Triiodothyronine (T3) Hormone in the patients of Hyperthyroidism. Forty (40) subjects of age group 20 to 50 yrs were taken in the study from Pitale clinic, Nagpur having Hyperthyroidism. They were then divided into two subgroups, experimental and control group having equal 20 subjects in a group. They were voluntarily wanted to join in the study for their wellbeing. In this experimental-control research study, Hatha Yogic practices including Asana, Pranayama, Mudra and Bandha were introduced to them. The volunteers practiced for 90 days including Sunday and holidays. The impact of the Hatha Yogic practices showed a significant decrease in the level of Triiodothyronine (T3) Hormone in the patients of Hyperthyroidism.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of vacuum packaging in combination with antimelanotic treatment on quality characteristics and melanosis in farmed tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) collected from Ratnagiri region of Maharashtra. The processed shrimps were treated with sulfite mixture in water (30 g kg-1) and divided into two lots each with 250 shrimps. One of them was vacuum packed, the other was air packed and stored under ice. The ice stored shrimps were analyzed for quality attributes and melanosis for a period of 27 days. The treated vacuum packed shrimps had a shelf life of 24 days, whereas air packed shrimp had 16 days only. Melanosis was absent in the shrimps from both the lots throughout the storage period. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the combination of antimelanotic treatment (sulphite mixture) and packaging could significantly delay the occurrence of melanosis and increase the storage life of shrimp in ice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10....

Summary The present work was carried out to study the effect of vacuum packaging and pomegranate peel extract (PE) treatments on the quality of pacific white shrimp ( Peneous vannamei ) during refrigerated storage. Changes in pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), aerobic plate counts, psychrophilic, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae counts, melanosis and sensory characteristics were investigated in up to 10 days of storage at 4°C. Microbial growth of vacuum packed and PE treated (1 or 2%) shrimps were retarded during storage time in comparison with the control group (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, use of PE in combination with vacuum packaging enhanced the antimicrobial effect of vacuum packaging against the bacterial populations. Vacuum packaging demonstrated a significant reduction in TVB-N, TMA and TBA content of shrimps during refrigerated storage. However, use of vacuum packaging and PE in combination did not significantl...

Running title: Effect of pomegranate peel extract on quality of pacific white shrimp The effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage

The well-being of fish in the environment where they grow is evaluated often with the length-weight relationship and condition factor. In this study, the length-weight relationships and condition factor 'K' of 46 specimens of Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1762) and 92 specimens of Papyrocranus (=Notopterus) afer (Günther, 1868) were studied for 6 months (August, 2016-February, 2017). The formula LogW =-1.5089 + 2.6634TL and LogW =-1.7988+ 2.7005LogTL were used to determine length and weight of the fish samples. A positive 'r 2 ' of 0.7904 exists between the length and weight of Lates niloticus while that for Notopterus afer was 0.6995.The 'b' value of L. niloticus was 2.66 while that of N. afer was 2.70 and were not significantly different from 3 (P > 0.05). The 'b' value for the two species showed negative allometric growth. L. niloticus exhibited positive allometric growth in weight (b>3) in the dry and rainy season while for the length it was negative allometric growth (b<3). A similar result was obtained for N. afer in both dry and rainy season. Condition factor (K) of 0.575 and 0.520 was recorded for N. afer during the rainy and dry season while K values of 1.23 and 1.03 were recorded for L. niloticus in the dry and rainy seasons respectively. In both seasons for the species, growth appeared to correlate positively with condition factor (K). All the water quality parameters monitored excepting turbidity fell within recommended range for the growth and survival of tropical fishes.

The effect of chitosan-based edible coatings (CC) incorporated with garlic (Allium sativum) oil at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% on shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) meat quality was investigated during refrigerated storage (4C) for 11 days. CC application resulted in lower pH (P < 0.05) as compared with the uncoated control. Reductions in aerobic plate counts (APC) up to 2 log units were promoted by CC. Combined effect of garlic oil (GO) and CC was observed. CC resulted in lower APC with GO (P < 0.05) toward the end of storage. CC reduced total volatile base nitrogen and trimethylamine nitrogen contents in comparison with C (P < 0.05), with no significant effect of GO incorporation (P > 0.05). Antioxidant activity of CC was only apparent during the earlier periods of storage, while GO accelerated lipid oxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid value. CC application with or without GO generally resulted in higher lightness (L*), and lower redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values. Minimum concentration of GO incorporation (0.5%) into chitosan coating could be useful in extending the shelf life of shrimp meat during refrigerated storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Application of edible films and coatings with natural active compounds for enhancing storage stability of food products is a promising active packaging approach. Several biopolymers with the inclusion of antimicrobial and/or antioxidant active agents have been tested in vitro; however, limited studies have been conducted for real food applications of these antimicrobial/antioxidant packaging systems. Chitosan, commercially produced from processing the waste of crustaceans, is an important biopolymer that possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant activity as well as enormous economic value. In the current study, chitosan coatings with the inclusion of garlic oil (GO) were applied to shrimp meat as an alternative natural method to extend shelf life. The obtained results suggest that chitosan coatings with minimum concentration of GO (0.5%) addition could be used as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant packaging system for preservation of shrimp meat in a fresh state during refrigerated storage.

Bread is the oldest and more important product made from flour. The information’s regarding bread making is from the period of history when man first started to develop civilization. The quality of bread can be influence by a number of factors, like flour quality, production process, mixing and kneading time. In this paperwork was determinate the influence of kneading time on the sensorial qualities and on the other basic properties. Kneading times were varied from 2 to 20 minutes. The bread was obtained from two types of flour: wheat flour and rye flour.

Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal's standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains.

The current study was carried out to evaluate the shelf life of peeled shrimp during ice storage for 14 days using 125 µg/ml of crude isoflavones extract (CIE), 250 µg/ml of crude moringa extract (CME) and a mixture of both (62µg/ml CIE and 25µg/ml CME), as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The results showed that using CME and/or CIE in ice improved the quality of peeled shrimp during ice storage. All treated samples showed; low content of total volatile nitrogen (TVN), trimethylamine (TMA), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), cooking loss and free amino acids compared to the control sample, while the water holding capacity (WHC) of treated samples was increased. CME and/or CIE had a greater effect on spoilage microorganisms in treated samples of peeled shrimp, whereas the control sample reached the spoilage onset (10 7 log CFU/g) after eight days. In comparison, the treatment with CME and/or CIE additives prolonged the samples' shelf life to 14 days. Total bacterial count, Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp. and Enterobactereace can be inactivated by CME or CIE. Significant differences were observed in mean sensory scores between treatments and control. The control recorded the lowest scores, while higher scores were obtained from the sample treated by CME plus CIE.

The current study was carried out to evaluate the shelf life of peeled shrimp during ice storage for 14 days using 125 μg/ml of crude isoflavones extract (CIE), 250 μg/ml of crude moringa extract (CME) and a mixture of both (62μg/ml CIE and 25μg/ml CME), as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The results showed that using CME and/or CIE in ice improved the quality of peeled shrimp during ice storage. All treated samples showed; low content of total volatile nitrogen (TVN), trimethylamine (TMA), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), cooking loss and free amino acids compared to the control sample, while the water holding capacity (WHC) of treated samples was increased. CME and/or CIE had a greater effect on spoilage microorganisms in treated samples of peeled shrimp, whereas the control sample reached the spoilage onset (10 log CFU/g) after eight days. In comparison, the treatment with CME and/or CIE additives prolonged the samples’ shelf life to 14 days. Total bacterial count, Pseudomonas ...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Oncologists depend on AFP as the commonest and feasible marker for assessing HCC in addition to imaging. However, AFP is not completely a reliable marker in early HCC diagnosis due to its low specificity and sensitivity. Objective: evaluation of serum levels of monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), talin-1& insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in Egyptian patients with HCC compared to liver cirrhosis& healthy controls and to find their values in HCC prediction. Subjects and methods: Subjects sharing were classified as follows: 25 patients with liver cirrhosis, 39 patients suffering from HCC on top of liver cirrhosis in addition to 24 apparently healthy subjects as control group. They were subjected to complete physical examination, routine biochemical tests, radiological examination, serum AFP, taline-1, MCP-1 & IGF-1 determinations. Results: high significant increases in the serum level of talin-1 in HCC patients in comparison with both cirrhotic and control groups. Also, there was a high significant increase in cirrhotic patients compared with the controls. Serum MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the cirrhotic group or the controls. However, no significant difference was found between cirrhotic and control groups.the highest sensitivity for detection of HCC was in the favor of MCP-1 (100%), while the highest specificity was taline-1(100%). Conclusion: our findings support the potential role of MCP-1 & taline-1 in as screening markers for HCC in cirrhotic patients. The early detection of HCC and discrimination of malignant from the cirrhotic cases is a challenge for the oncologists so, continuous and regular monitoring systems using MCP-1 or the combination of taline-1 with AFP could improve the diagnostic performance over AFP alone in the early detection of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Neutrophils are major source of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines which play an important role in obesity related cardio-metabolic complications. Little is known about neutrophil activation markers in childhood obesity. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis that, the component of the innate immune system is activated in childhood obesity through assessment of the expression of CD66b as a specific marker of neutrophil activation and plasma MPO which is a product of activated neutrophil. Ninety children aged 5-15 years (60 obese and 30 age and sex matched healthy controls) were included in the present study. All were subjected to anthropometric measurements, routine laboratory investigations, plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), complete blood picture (CBC) with examination of peripheral blood smears stained with Giemsa. Surface expression of degranulation marker CD66b on neutrophil surface from peripheral blood was assessed through flow cytometry. We observed that, total WBCs count and total neutrophils count, hs-CRP, and MPO were significantly increased in obese children compared to control group. Although Cd66b expression showed no statistically significant difference, mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD66b positive cells was significantly increased in obese. Our data showed that CD66b, MFI and MPO are major neutrophil activation markers. It also proved that, the innate immune system is activated in childhood obesity.

The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide, and presenting a public health problem. Irisin is a novel myokine that is, proteolytically processed from the product of the FNDC5 gene. This study aims at finding out the distribution of FNDC5 rs3480 (A/G) and rs1746661 (G/T) polymorphisms in obese individuals and their association with other clinical and laboratory variables in these persons. This study was done on 141 subjects divided into 2 groups: group I obese group (71) and group II; control group (70). All subjects were submitted to full history taking, general clinical examination and laboratory investigations including BMI, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and genotyping of rs3480 (A/G) and rs1746661 (G/T) gene polymorphisms. There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups regarding genotype frequency of FNDC5 (Irisin precursor) rs3480 (A/G) and rs 174661 (G/T). Regarding rs3480 (A/G), there was a high frequency of AA genotype and A allele among the control group, while GG genotype and G allele had the highest frequency among obese group. Regarding rs1746661 (G/T), there was a high frequency of GG genotype and G allele among the control group, while TT genotype and T allele had the highest frequency among obese group. Multivariate logistic regression for risk of obesity showed that the most common risk factor is BMI OR;

Tumor cells show differential sensitivity to cell death induced by TRAIL and also develop resistance to conventional radiation therapy along with several side effects being cytotoxic to normal cells. In this present study, we are focusing on tumor sensitization and radioprotective properties of a novel Phyto-compound isolated, purified from hexane extract and structurally identified as N-Coumaroyl tyramine diacetate (N-CTD), from T.cordifolia. We have isolated a novel small molecule characterized as N-coumaroyl tyramine diacetate from T.cordifolia. Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to study the tumor sensitization effect of N-CTD on TRAIL-resistant cells. The flow cytometric analysis was used to analyze the efficiency of N-CTD to induce apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cells. To assess the radioprotective effect of N-CTD, the tumor-bearing mice were treated with N-CTD and irradiated with gamma radiation. The survival rate and its effect on peritoneal angiogenesis were studied. Pre-treatment with N-CTD sensitized TRAILresistant cells to TRAIL-mediated cell death. Flow cytometric analysis showed increased death in TRAIL-resistant cells upon combinatorial treatment. When a single dose of N-CTD combined with the sub-lethal dose of gamma radiation was initiated, the result showed a substantial decrease on peritoneal angiogenesis with increased survivability, decreased cell number and ascites volume in tumor-bearing mice treated with N-CTD. Further, the effect was studied in terms of MVD and presence of CD31 endothelial cell marker. The results were promising to prove that N-CTD is a potential small molecule with antiangiogenic, tumor sensitization and radioprotective effect; the same can be exploited for human applications.

Gossypium hirsutum F 1 hybrid Phule-388 and it's parents RHCb-001 as male and RHC-006 as female were studied for identification and genetic purity testing with three PCR based molecular markers. Twenty RAPD primers, 19 ISSR primers and 33 cotton microsatellite loci were used for the analysis. RAPD primers, OPA-08 and OPA-11, were found to be useful in differentiating parents and hybrid. Two ISSR primers, IS-10 and IS-12, were identified. Two male specific amplicons of 1200 bp, 1500 bp and 1000 bp, 1300 bp each were also present in the hybrid. Microsatellite loci, JESPR-151 and JESPR-152 were found to be heteroallelic for parents. JESPR-151 identified male specific 140 bp repeat and female specific 180 bp repeat while JESPR-152 detected one male and female specific repeats of 120 bp and 180 bp, respectively. Results indicated that using all the three markers-RAPD, ISSRs and Microsatellites in combination is more reliable than using the three in isolation for identification and testing of genetic purity of cotton hybrids.

Bread is the oldest and more important product made from flour. The information's regarding bread making is from the period of history when man first started to develop civilization. The quality of bread can be influence by a number of factors, like flour quality, production process, mixing and kneading time. In this paperwork was determinate the influence of kneading time on the sensorial qualities and on the other basic properties. Kneading times were varied from 2 to 20 minutes. The bread was obtained from two types of flour: wheat flour and rye flour.

Liver is one of the vital organ of the body and any kind of chemical exposure to it may lead to its toxicity. The use of alcohol is being a common practice around the world alternating the life style of the people from normal to dependency towards it. As a result, people are emerging with alcoholic liver health issues. Many liver biomarkers like AST, ALT, GGT, Bilirubin etc. are being used to assess the liver health status but biopsy is the most accurate one. Till date ALT, AST and Bilirubin is considered as the primary LFT test to evaluate any kind of liver injury. The people of Dima Hasao District, Assam, India practices a typical traditional alcoholic drink called Judima and Juharu which they consider it to be harmless to liver health. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the liver health status of the people of Dima Hasao District, using three circulating biomarkers of liver-AST, ALT and Bilirubin. A group of 35 people are involved in the present study categorized as daily alcohol users (n=19) and (n=15) as non-alcohol users. The result are shown in mean±SE. The data are analyzed in Statistical Analysis Software and the result is interpreted by Student t-test. The result shows significant increase of ALT with p<0.01, AST with p<0.001 and Bilirubin with p<0.05 in daily alcohol users compared to non-alcohol users. Thus, elevation of liver enzymes in blood serum indicates acute liver injury amongst the people of this district drinking Judima and Juharu alcoholic drink and they should undergo medications to arrest the serious hepatic toxicity problem caused by this alcoholic drink.

Liver is one of the vital organ of the body and any kind of chemical exposure to it may lead to its toxicity. The use of alcohol is being a common practice around the world alternating the life style of the people from normal to dependency towards it. As a result, people are emerging with alcoholic liver health issues. Many liver biomarkers like AST, ALT, GGT, Bilirubin etc. are being used to assess the liver health status but biopsy is the most accurate one. Till date ALT, AST and Bilirubin is considered as the primary LFT test to evaluate any kind of liver injury. The people of Dima Hasao District, Assam, India practices a typical traditional alcoholic drink called Judima and Juharu which they consider it to be harmless to liver health. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the liver health status of the people of Dima Hasao District, using three circulating biomarkers of liver-AST, ALT and Bilirubin. A group of 35 people are involved in the present study categorized as daily alcohol users (n=19) and (n=15) as non-alcohol users. The result are shown in mean±SE. The data are analyzed in Statistical Analysis Software and the result is interpreted by Student t-test. The result shows significant increase of ALT with p<0.01, AST with p<0.001 and Bilirubin with p<0.05 in daily alcohol users compared to non-alcohol users. Thus, elevation of liver enzymes in blood serum indicates acute liver injury amongst the people of this district drinking Judima and Juharu alcoholic drink and they should undergo medications to arrest the serious hepatic toxicity problem caused by this alcoholic drink.

Chromatographic methods revealed the separation of eight biologically active constituents from Urgineaundulata. Bulb and Identification of the chemical composition as well as the physico-chemical properties of the eight active substances was carried out using Ultraviolet and 1 H-NMR spectral data, the separated compounds are three phenolic acids (Ferulic acid, Gallic acid (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzoic acid) andCoutoric acid) and five compounds of flavonoids (4', 7-dihydroxyflavone, Quercetin, Rutin,Apigenin and Luteliolin-7, 3\, 4\, triO -glucuronide).

Highly luminescent GSH capped CdTe quantum dots (GSH-CdTe QDs) were prepared through a facile microwave (MW) aided wet chemical method. The GSH-CdTe QDs were water soluble and biocompatible. The higher intensity of Photoluminescence (PL) emission can be attributed to the highly crystalline structures of crosslinked GSH-CdTe quantum dots (cGSH-CdTe QDs) observed in the X-ray diffraction (XRD).The SEM micrograph shows densely populated colony of CdTe QDs with almost spherical morphology. The cell death experiment shows that cross linking effectively controls the toxicity of CdTe QDs both in liquid and solid media which makes them suitable for biomedical application. Toxicity control was attributed to the effective surface passivation through cross-linking the GSH shell with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS).

Summary The present work was carried out to study the effect of vacuum packaging and pomegranate peel extract (PE) treatments on the quality of pacific white shrimp ( Peneous vannamei ) during refrigerated storage. Changes in pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), aerobic plate counts, psychrophilic, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae counts, melanosis and sensory characteristics were investigated in up to 10 days of storage at 4°C. Microbial growth of vacuum packed and PE treated (1 or 2%) shrimps were retarded during storage time in comparison with the control group (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, use of PE in combination with vacuum packaging enhanced the antimicrobial effect of vacuum packaging against the bacterial populations. Vacuum packaging demonstrated a significant reduction in TVB-N, TMA and TBA content of shrimps during refrigerated storage. However, use of vacuum packaging and PE in combination did not significantl...

Hydrocarbon pollution is due to accidental leakages, spills or by transportation. It might be carcinogenic to human, animal and plant health. Bioremediation is the best remedy to remove the pollutants from the environment. Diesel degrading microbes are widely distributed in our environment. The microbes may not be present in sufficient amount to achieve the degradation process in successfully. Inoculation of efficient hydrocarbon degrading bacterial strains in polluted area will enhance the capability of degradation. The present study was aimed to be isolating the effective bacterial strains from the polluted area to enhance the degradation. Totally fifteen isolates were identified and biochemically characterized. Among these two of them were effective degrader under 4% diesel. Pseudomonas putida and Micrococcus luteus are the bacterial strains were able to degrade the contaminants in large amounts. In this study we report the bacterial strains capable of degrading the hydrocarbons efficiently. Degradation studies to be carried out with different isolates at different concentration of diesel to find out most potent hydrocarbon degrading strains, which can be used for any bioaugmentation studies during bioremediation

Brinjal or aubergine is one of the popular vegetable cultivated in India and some other countries. Molecular marker and polymerase chain reaction technique facilitates the DNA fingerprinting, genetic purity and genetic diversity and proved a boon for researchers. The investigation concern hybrids identification in egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) was brought about by ISSR and RAPD marker on four genotypes and their hybrids. The confirmation of genetic purity in seeds is very important for identification of genetic contamination and hybrids purity for farmers and plant breeders before reach in the field and as well as at a commercial level. The genetic purity test by conventional method (GOT) is very tedious and time taking therefore PCR molecular marker technique is very easy and comfortable in this context. In the present investigation, ten ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) and two RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were selected for brinjal hybrids (B1006 and B1007). All the markers exhibited good amplification but only one marker of ISSR (UBC820, University of British Columbia) confirm identification of hybrid.

The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and the highlands of northeast India are all temperate areas where mushrooms have been successfully grown. Recently, mushroom farming has become a popular kind of self-employment for many unemployed people. It is past time that mushroom growers and consumers in India learned about the therapeutic and dietary benefits of both farmed and wild kinds of mushrooms. The majority of all mushrooms are white button mushrooms, accounting for around 73 percent of the market. Compost is necessary for cultivating white button mushrooms. The substrate in which the mushroom mycelium grows and eventually produces fruiting bodies is compost. The critical shift from vegetative growth to the reproductive stage occurs in the coating material, which is a nutritionally deficient medium is called casing layer. This layer plays a vital part in the formation of mushrooms. The most crucial process in mushroom cultivation is composting and casing, which has an impact on the c...

Technological innovations for the development of self-monitoring systems for health factors are inspirable. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the major cause in the human mortality rate in recent years. In the present context, development of various cholesterol biosensors as a reliable and self-examining instinct solution for evaluating the biochemical levels in the human body is a contemporary aspiration. In this review, utilization of different polymers, biopolymers and its nanocomposites for biosensor applications have been discussed. Also, factors affecting the performance of cholesterol biosensors are included for a simple and cost-effective biosensors to the global market.

Technological innovations for the development of self-monitoring systems for health factors are inspirable. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the major cause in the human mortality rate in recent years. In the present context, development of various cholesterol biosensors as a reliable and self-examining instinct solution for evaluating the biochemical levels in the human body is a contemporary aspiration. In this review, utilization of different polymers, biopolymers and its nanocomposites for biosensor applications have been discussed. Also, factors affecting the performance of cholesterol biosensors are included for a simple and cost-effective biosensors to the global market.

Running title: Effect of pomegranate peel extract on quality of pacific white shrimp The effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage

Summary The present work was carried out to study the effect of vacuum packaging and pomegranate peel extract (PE) treatments on the quality of pacific white shrimp ( Peneous vannamei ) during refrigerated storage. Changes in pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), aerobic plate counts, psychrophilic, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae counts, melanosis and sensory characteristics were investigated in up to 10 days of storage at 4°C. Microbial growth of vacuum packed and PE treated (1 or 2%) shrimps were retarded during storage time in comparison with the control group (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, use of PE in combination with vacuum packaging enhanced the antimicrobial effect of vacuum packaging against the bacterial populations. Vacuum packaging demonstrated a significant reduction in TVB-N, TMA and TBA content of shrimps during refrigerated storage. However, use of vacuum packaging and PE in combination did not significantl...

The research entitled Effect of Traditional Drying toward Total Volatile Base-Nitrogen (TVB-N) and Peroxide Value (PV) on Nike of Payangkah fish (Ophiocara aporos) have been done. The research objective is to analyze TVB and NPV content of dry and fresh Nike of Payangkah fish (Ophiocara aporos)The drying method was done traditionally under sun rays for 8 hours, TVB-N analysis using distillation method and peroxide value as described by Pearson (1981). The results shows that fresh and dry nike of fish payangkah(Ophiocara aporos) each have PV and TVB-N content under value figure recommended.

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Introduction: Allium cepa is among the most popular and widely grown vegetable crops globally. Because of its peculiar flavor, it is the third most significant spice with a high economic value. It has medicinal qualities in addition to culinary use. Several previous research has been published in support of its medical claims. About 80% of the world's population relies mostly on traditional medicine, with the majority of these therapies comprising plant extracts and their active components. Aim: the study's goals were to determine the phytochemical constituents of Allium cepa and perform preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis on the ethanolic extract. Method: Allium cepa bulbs were collected, cleaned, and macerated in methanol for extraction. Phytochemical screening and TLC analyses were conducted. Results: phytochemicals such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and reducing sugar were present in the plant through phytochemical analysis. TLC examination revealed 15 spots that indicated the presence of several phytochemicals and chemical constituents in the plant. Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis revealed that Allium cepa bulbs are a significant source of secondary metabolites. The TLC profile produced an amazing result, indicating the presence of many chemical constituents, essential for its medicinal properties.

Opuntia ficus cladodes (OFC) are considered one of the wastes that result from opuntia cultivation, and their disposal by traditional methods results in many environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with two aims. The first was the production of OFC gel, and the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant (by two methods, DPPH and ABTS), anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. The second was an investigation of the effects of different concentrations of this gel (0, 50, and 100%) as an edible coating on the quality of shrimp during 8 days of refrigerated storage. The results showed that this gel was characterised by a high content of ash (10.42%), total carbohydrates (75.17%), and total phenols (19.79 mg GAE/g). OFC gel contained six types of sugars: arabinose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and uronic acid, and the most abundant was xylose (36.72%). It is also clear from the results that the OFC gel had high antioxidant properties, which were higher against...

The objective of this study was to determine the insulin index and glucose index to isoenergetic (1000-kJ) portions of palmyrah based foods commonly consumed in Jaffna and their correlations between nutrient and phytochemical contents. Subjects were selected those having fasting blood sugar less than 100 mg/dl. Glucose (reference food) and four test foods such as pinnatu, Jaggery, odiyalpittu and pullukodiyal flour snak were administrated to four groups of 24 subjects and serving weight were calculated based on the energy content. Subjects were fasted for12h before the administration of foods then venous blood samples were collected at 0 time and every 30 min for two hours after either feeding with glucose and test foods. An insulin score and glycemic score were calculated from the area under the insulin/glucose response curve for each food with the use of reference food. Among the test foods pinattu has low glycemic (52.9%) and low insulin index (36.47%).Carbohydrate, ash and Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) present in the those products were negatively correlated with glycemic index. Insulin index was negatively correlated with TDF, protein and ash contents. Not only the nutrient contents but also the phytochemicals such as total phenols and flavonoids showed negative correlation. All the tested products showed less plasma insulin, although high plasma insulin causes coronary heart disease. Therefore palmyrah products could be used in order to develop new value added foods, which could have more beneficial health properties regarding glucose and insulin metabolism.

The aim of this work is to differentiate Mesenchymal stem cells derived (MSCs) from bone marrow obtained from human adult into cardiomyocyte using 5-azacytidine in vitro. Background: MSCs are considered a promising tool for cellular therapy because of their capability for selfrenewing and their multipotency. Owing to the limited ability of the injured heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte transplantation has been advocated as a possible treatment for heart failure. Their other benefits on a myocardiac infarct is owed to neo-vascularization, because they can differentiate also into endothelial cells. Methods: MSCs were cultured from bone marrow aspirate and detected morphologically and by flowcytometric analysis of surface markers CD44 and CD 34 then differentiated to cardiomyocytes by using 5azacytidine .The cardiomyocytes were detected morphologically and by flowcytometric analysis of Vimentin and Troponin and immunofluorescence analysis for Cardiac alpha tropomyosin Results: MSCs can be isolated from bone marrow and assumed the typical fibroblastoid morphology and reach 80%-90% confluence at about 9 days. They express CD44 and are negative for CD 34 .MSCs induced with 5azacytidine show morphological changes consistent with cardio myocytes as compared to the symmetric morphologies of the uninduced cells, as shown by inverted microscope. Induced cells showed positive expression of troponin and vimentin and positive cardiac alpha tropomyosin.. Conclusion: MSCs can be successfully isolated from bone marrow aspirate and can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes.

The aim of this work is to differentiate Mesenchymal stem cells derived (MSCs) from bone marrow obtained from human adult into cardiomyocyte using 5-azacytidine in vitro. Background: MSCs are considered a promising tool for cellular therapy because of their capability for selfrenewing and their multipotency. Owing to the limited ability of the injured heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte transplantation has been advocated as a possible treatment for heart failure. Their other benefits on a myocardiac infarct is owed to neo-vascularization, because they can differentiate also into endothelial cells. Methods: MSCs were cultured from bone marrow aspirate and detected morphologically and by flowcytometric analysis of surface markers CD44 and CD 34 then differentiated to cardiomyocytes by using 5azacytidine .The cardiomyocytes were detected morphologically and by flowcytometric analysis of Vimentin and Troponin and immunofluorescence analysis for Cardiac alpha tropomyosin Results: MSCs can be isolated from bone marrow and assumed the typical fibroblastoid morphology and reach 80%-90% confluence at about 9 days. They express CD44 and are negative for CD 34 .MSCs induced with 5azacytidine show morphological changes consistent with cardio myocytes as compared to the symmetric morphologies of the uninduced cells, as shown by inverted microscope. Induced cells showed positive expression of troponin and vimentin and positive cardiac alpha tropomyosin.. Conclusion: MSCs can be successfully isolated from bone marrow aspirate and can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes.

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Introduction: Allium cepa is among the most popular and widely grown vegetable crops globally. Because of its peculiar flavor, it is the third most significant spice with a high economic value. It has medicinal qualities in addition to culinary use. Several previous research has been published in support of its medical claims. About 80% of the world's population relies mostly on traditional medicine, with the majority of these therapies comprising plant extracts and their active components. Aim: the study's goals were to determine the phytochemical constituents of Allium cepa and perform preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis on the ethanolic extract. Method: Allium cepa bulbs were collected, cleaned, and macerated in methanol for extraction. Phytochemical screening and TLC analyses were conducted. Results: phytochemicals such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and reducing sugar were present in the plant through phytochemical analysis. TLC examination revealed 15 spots that indicated the presence of several phytochemicals and chemical constituents in the plant. Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis revealed that Allium cepa bulbs are a significant source of secondary metabolites. The TLC profile produced an amazing result, indicating the presence of many chemical constituents, essential for its medicinal properties.

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Neutrophils are major source of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines which play an important role in obesity related cardio-metabolic complications. Little is known about neutrophil activation markers in childhood obesity. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis that, the component of the innate immune system is activated in childhood obesity through assessment of the expression of CD66b as a specific marker of neutrophil activation and plasma MPO which is a product of activated neutrophil. Ninety children aged 5-15 years (60 obese and 30 age and sex matched healthy controls) were included in the present study. All were subjected to anthropometric measurements, routine laboratory investigations, plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), complete blood picture (CBC) with examination of peripheral blood smears stained with Giemsa. Surface expression of degranulation marker CD66b on neutrophil surface from peripheral blood was assessed through flow cytometry. We observed that, total WBCs count and total neutrophils count, hs-CRP, and MPO were significantly increased in obese children compared to control group. Although Cd66b expression showed no statistically significant difference, mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD66b positive cells was significantly increased in obese. Our data showed that CD66b, MFI and MPO are major neutrophil activation markers. It also proved that, the innate immune system is activated in childhood obesity.

The fabrication and testing of an institutional stove was undertaken in this work. The stove consists of the riser, combustion chamber, skirt, chimney and the stove body. A comparative test with a traditional stove was also carried out employing a water boiling test. Efficiency metrics obtained from the test were used to compare the performance of both stoves. The results obtained show that the time to boil 10 liters of water for the institutional stove was 28 minutes while it took the traditional stove 67 minutes. A high power hot phase test of the institutional stove consumed 1043.728 grams of equivalent dry wood while 1533.306 grams were consumed by the traditional stove. A higher burn rate of 43.489 grams/min was obtained for the institutional stove while that of the traditional stove is 23.698 grams/min thereby producing more charcoal. The specific fuel consumption value obtained for the institutional stove was 0.113 grams of wood/liter of water while that of the traditional stove was 0.173 grams of wood/liter of water. The traditional stove was calculated to have consumed approximately 35% more fuel than the institutional stove. The smoke generated during the test was dispersed all around for the traditional stove while that of the institutional stove were conveniently channeled out through a chimney.