Hot Flush

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife. Women aged 35–59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regre...

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife. Women aged 35-59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthro po metric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between family composition, workloads, and symptoms. Dizzy spells, nervous tension, lack of energy, aches/stiffness in joints, and trouble sleeping were most frequent. Hot flashes were reported by 46% of participants. Women spent more hours caring for dependents than cooking or doing housework. The likelihood of hot flashes increased with time spent in housework and cooking, with daughters in the household, and with chewing betel nut. Daughters-in-law in the household decreased the likelihood of hot flashes. The likelihood of nervous tension increased with peri-menopausal status, stress, and sons in the household, and decreased with more hours spent caring for dependents. The frequency of somatic symptoms and depressed mood exceeded the frequency of hot flashes. Household composition and workloads were more important than menopausal status in explaining variation in symptom frequencies. After controlling for other variables, the presence of mothers-in-law did not increase the likelihood of reporting symptoms at midlife; however, the presence of a daughter-in-law reduced the likelihood of hot flashes, perhaps because of fewer hours spent on housework and cooking.

Background and Objectives: Triptorelin 6-month formulation was developed to offer greater convenience to both patients and physicians by reducing the injection frequency. The efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety of a new 6-month formulation of triptorelin were investigated over 12 months (48 weeks). The primary objective was to evaluate the formulation in achieving castrate serum testosterone levels (£1.735 nmol/L or £50 ng/dL) on day 29 and in maintaining castration at months 2-12. Absence of luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation and change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were also assessed. Methods: An open-label, non-comparative, phase III study in 120 patients with advanced prostate cancer was conducted from July 2006 to August 2007 in private and public institutions in South Africa. Each patient received two consecutive intramuscular injections of triptorelin embonate (pamoate) 22.5 mg at an interval of 24 weeks. In all patients, testosterone (primary

Recent studies indicate that metabolic risk for cardiovascular disease is increased in post-menopausal women suffering from disturbances, such as hot flushes. In order to evaluate whether this is also true in peri-menopausal women, we performed an observational study on 590 peri-menopausal women of an outpatient center at a University Hospital. Each cardiovascular risk factor, such as blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting lipids and the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease was tested for its relation to climacteric complaints. Greene's climacteric scale, and its subscales were used to evaluate climacteric symptoms. Analyses were corrected for confounders derived by personal history and anthropometric measures. When corrected for confounders, Greene's score was a positive determinant of triglycerides (R(2 )= 0.249; p = 0.0001), triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol (R(2 )= 0.316; p = 0.0001), glucose (R(2 )= 0.101; p = 0.0003), and the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease, c...

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife. Women aged 35-59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regre...

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife. Women aged 35-59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regre...

Objective: To assess knowledge and attitudes associated with the menopause transition among women in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women (age range 45-60 y), 160 participants were selected from both urban and rural settings using a systematic sampling procedure. We used face-to-face interview techniques employing a semistructured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were done to assess the associated factors. Results: Around one-fourth (23%) of the participants did not have a basic understanding about symptoms of menopause. Knowledge about menopause increased proportionately with higher education levels (primary education, risk ratio [RR] ¼ 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 0.66-22.92; secondary education, RR ¼ 6.10, 95% CI ¼ 1.26-29.41; higher education, RR ¼ 6.74, 95% CI ¼ 1.33-34) and was more common among urban than rural women (P ¼ 0.001). In addition, women who were service holders had greater knowledge about menopause compared with women who worked in the home (RR ¼ 8.67, 95% CI ¼ 1.94-38.58). Most of the women (96%) suffered from different kinds of depression during the menopause transition. Key barriers to gaining knowledge about menopause included access to information (63%), social stigma (57%), and shame (52%). Conclusions: Menopause is a neglected issue in Bangladesh. Accurate and appropriate information regarding premenopause and menopause can help women cope with this life transition. Social and familial support may also play a role in minimizing isolation and depression. Public health messaging to increase awareness and knowledge about menopause should be undertaken to overcome the stigma and shame associated with menopause in Bangladesh. Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A556. M enopause, or the final menstrual period (FMP), signals the end of reproductive potential for women, 1 a natural process that occurs in women in mid age. 2 Worldwide, more than 470 million women are older than 50 years, 3 and it is estimated that by 2030 a total of 1.2 billion women will be peri-or postmenopausal. 4 The

Purpose. Menopause in many women is related to worse health conditions, increased diseases incidence and body mass. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the diferentiation of the involutional changes related to the climacteric period depends on women's physical activity and selected aspects of lifestyle. The following aging indices were analyzed: age of menopause, value of blood parameters, disease incidence, BMI. Basic procedures. The research, conducted in the health care units, was based on the survey approved by the Bioethical Com mittee at the Jagiellonian University. The data of 896 women above the age of 40 were used in the research. Basic statistics were calculated and tests of signiicance of diferences and correlation were applied. Main indings. There is no signiicant relationship between the level of physical activity, the type of work performed and the age of menopause. However, women performing whitecollar work and practicing sports enter menopause last. In smokers the age of menopause lowered. Women using vegetarian diets and women with high BMI values go through menopause later. High BMI values and nicotine addiction are signiicantly related to the increased level of blood sugar, diabetes incidence and high blood pressure. The cholesterol level is signiicantly related to the age of the subjects. The percentage of increased cholesterol level is smaller in women practicing sports who have also signiicantly lower BMI values than those who do not go in for any sports. Conclusions. The analysis of health and aging indices conirms the highest correlation between BMI and the external factors. Moreover, regarding the speciicity of hormo nal changes during climacterium, overweight and obese women go through menopause later.

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional
symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family
arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their
daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms
at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised
that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms
associated with midlife.
Women aged 35–59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric
measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were
computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied
by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association
between family composition, workloads, and symptoms.
Dizzy spells, nervous tension, lack of energy, aches/stiffness in joints, and trouble sleeping were most
frequent. Hot flashes were reported by 46% of participants. Women spent more hours caring for dependents
than cooking or doing housework. The likelihood of hot flashes increased with time spent in housework
and cooking, with daughters in the household, and with chewing betel nut. Daughters-in-law in
the household decreased the likelihood of hot flashes. The likelihood of nervous tension increased with
peri-menopausal status, stress, and sons in the household, and decreased with more hours spent caring
for dependents.
The frequency of somatic symptoms and depressed mood exceeded the frequency of hot flashes. Household
composition and workloads were more important than menopausal status in explaining variation in
symptom frequencies. After controlling for other variables, the presence of mothers-in-law did not increase
the likelihood of reporting symptoms at midlife; however, the presence of a daughter-in-law reduced the
likelihood of hot flashes, perhaps because of fewer hours spent on housework and cooking.