History of Thought

Historiography is not merely the recording of past facts; it is a multi-layered intellectual construction shaped
by the historian’s mentality, narrative strategies, and the philosophy of history. The historian is expected not only
to deal with historical information sources such as documents, evidence and records at the level of transmission,
but also to reinterpret these elements with a methodological integrity and theoretical ground by subjecting them to
a critical and multi-dimensional evaluation with an objective perspective as much as possible. In this process, the
historian should not only place the data in a chronological order; he/she should contextualize them with a
comparative analysis, structure them intellectually within an interpretive framework and question the conclusions
he/she reaches from an epistemological perspective. In this context, one of the most basic dynamics of
historiography, the "human factor", stands out as both a determining subject and an interpretive actor in the process
of formulating historical knowledge. Therefore, how the historian's individual mentality, ideological orientation,
cultural context and cognitive pre-structure affect this knowledge production process; and what limits this ideal
objectivity effort encounters constitute one of the fundamental problems of this study. This study, centered on the
concepts of history, the historian, and mentality, questions to what extent objectivity is possible in the formation of historical knowledge. It critically examines the impact of mental frameworks, methodology, language, and
rhetoric on the construction of historical narratives. Drawing on the perspectives of thinkers such as Edward Carr,
R. G. Collingwood, and Ibn Khaldun, the research analyzes how the historian’s epistemological stance, ideological
orientations, and cultural context influence historiographical practices. The study also addresses issues such as
overreliance on documents and popular historiography, arguing that historical texts are not merely representations
of the past but reconstructions shaped to meet the intellectual needs of the present. Ultimately, this research aims
to provide an interdisciplinary perspective on historiography through the lenses of historical philosophy, narrative
theory, and mentality analysis.

Tarihyazımı, yalnızca geçmişin olgularını kaydetmekle sınırlandırılamayan; tarihçi zihniyeti, anlatı sanatı ve tarih felsefesiyle şekillenen çok katmanlı bir düşünsel inşa sürecidir. Bu süreçte tarihçi, verileri sadece kronolojik bir dizgeye yerleştirmekle kalmayıp onları karşılaştırmalı bir analizle bağlamsallaştırmalı, yorumlayıcı bir çerçevede düşünsel olarak yapılandırmalı ve ulaştığı sonuçları epistemolojik açıdan sorgulamalıdır. Bu bağlamda tarihyazımının en temel dinamiklerinden biri olan "insan faktörü", tarihî bilgiyi inşa etme sürecinde hem belirleyici bir özne hem de yorumsal bir öge işlevi görmektedir. Dolayısıyla, tarihçinin bireysel zihniyeti, ideolojik yönelimi, kültürel bağlamı ve bilişsel önyapısı ile bu bilgi üretim sürecine nasıl etki ettiği; söz konusu ideal nesnellik çabasının hangi sınırlarla karşılaştığı bu araştırmanın ana problematiklerinden biri olarak ele alınmaktadır. Tarih, tarihçi ve zihniyet kavramları etrafında şekillenen bu araştırmada, özellikle tarihsel bilginin oluşumunda objektiflik iddiasının ne ölçüde mümkün olabileceği sorgulanırken; zihinsel arka plan, metodoloji, dil ve retoriğin tarihyazımı üzerindeki etkileri de derinlemesine tartışılmaktadır. Edward Carr, R. G. Collingwood ve İbn Haldûn gibi düşünürlerin yaklaşımlarından hareketle, tarihçinin epistemolojik duruşu, ideolojik eğilimleri ve içinde bulunduğu kültürel koşulların tarihî anlatıyı nasıl biçimlendirdiği analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca tarihyazımında belgeye aşırı bağımlılık ve popüler tarihçilik gibi sorunlara da eleştirel bir perspektifle yaklaşılmış; tarihî metinlerin sadece geçmişin temsili değil, aynı zamanda bugünün düşünsel ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren yeni bir kurgu olduğu savunulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, tarih felsefesi, anlatı teorisi ve zihniyet analizi ekseninde tarihyazımına disiplinlerarası bir bakış kazandırmak hedeflenmiştir.

This essay revisits Karl Marx’s early and late writings to develop an anthropological perspective on the relationship between humans and machines. Focusing on the concepts of species-being, life-activity, and the inorganic body articulated in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, and linking them to the “Fragment on Machines” in the Grundrisse, the paper interprets machines both as organs of capital and as potential organs of the collective worker. Through close readings of Marx and engagement with contemporary commentators such as Judith Butler, Matteo Pasquinelli, and Nick Srnicek, the essay argues that the integration of machinery into capitalist production intensifies alienation by transforming living labor into the inorganic substrate of capital. At the same time, Marx’s dialectical framework reveals the possibility of overcoming this alienation: as machine-based productivity reduces necessary labor time, it also creates conditions for the free development of human capacities beyond wage labor. By reframing the machine as part of humanity’s “inorganic body,” the essay suggests that appropriating machinery as a collective organ of species-being is essential for addressing the crises of late capitalism, including environmental degradation and the precaritization of labor.

Okakura Tenshin (Kakuzō) was an art historian and intellectual in the Meiji era, who played a significant role in introducing Japanese culture to the Western world. This paper focuses on his visits to Bodh Gaya during his stay in India for nine months in 1902. It is well known that during his stay he formed a close relationship with Indian intellectuals such as Swami Vivekananda and Rabindranath Tagore, and completed his book, The Ideals of the East with an introductory note by Sister Nivedita, of which his opening phrase of 'Asia is one' became very popular in later periods in Japan. The documents examined in this paper reveal that he visited Bodh Gaya three times, with one week stays for the first and second times, and proposed to the mahant of Bodh Gaya temple to purchase a plot of land for a guest house for Japanese pilgrims. Even though the biographies of Okakura Tenshin so far have not scrutinized various details about his visits to Bodh Gaya enough, the fact that there is no other place Okakura visited in such a frequency during his stays in India implies his concerns about the situation of Bodh Gaya temple, at which Anagarika Dharmapala had launched his worldwide Buddhist revivalist movement in 1891, without having achieved its expected outcomes. Another issue to be examined in this paper is about his involvement in the secret societies of revolutionary movements, such as Anushilan Samiti, during his stays in India. It is well known that the investigation office of the Bengal government at that time reported that Okakura had been involved in revolutionary societies, but many scholars have cast doubt if it is historical fact that he caused some actual results in the political movement. This paper is an attempt to cast new light over his experiences in India using the historical materials of the Ramakrishna Mission, Rabindranath Tagore, and British officials, and to examine his intention to visit the Bodh

Když jsem po roce 2000 studovala dějiny umění na jedné z českých filozofických fakult, dal by se počet umělkyň a architektek, s jejichž jmény jsem se během výuky setkala, spočítat na prstech obou rukou. Jak ukazuje následující kapitola Kláry Brůhové, tato situace se dodnes příliš nezměnila. To je zarážející i vzhledem k tomu, kolik studentek obory, jako je architektura 1 nebo dějiny umění, dnes studuje. Zvláštní také je, s jakou samozřejmostí jsme tento fakt tehdy jako studentky přijímaly. Až díky studiu druhého oboru -francouzského jazyka a literatury -a díky dílu Simone de Beauvoir a myšlenkám feministického hnutí jsem postupně začala vnímat nevyváženost a neúplnost předkládaných informací. Filozofka Rosi Braidotti ve své knize Nomadic Theory 2 mluví o obtížnosti nacházení vlastní identity v situaci, kdy nám chybí "paměť". Centrální paměť, vztahující se k "Většině" (The Majority), je však podle ní bílá, heterosexuální, majetná a mužská. "Většinový subjekt drží klíče od centrální paměti systému a alternativní nebo podrobené paměti mnoha menšin snižuje na úroveň bezvýznamných praktik." 3 Navazuje tak na jiné feministické teoretičky, jako například Lindu Nochlin, která už v roce 1971 v eseji "Proč neexistovaly žádné velké umělkyně?" 4 upozornila na sociální konstruovanost kánonu výtvarného umění a ukázala, že paměť žen-umělkyň existuje, jen je neviditelná. Mlčení o genderu 5 i neviditelnost žen v rámci historických výkladů jsou v našich životech tak hluboce zakořeněny, že některé z nás -studentek dějin umění -je začaly zpochybňovat až ke konci studií (ostatní k tomu nedošly nikdy). A není se čemu divit, intenzivní a nevědomé zvnitřňování této ženské nepřítomnosti probíhalo celý náš dosavadní život. Jak hluboce je toto mlčení dodnes zakořeněno v české kultuře a badatelském prostředí, ukazuje nejen malá pozornost věnovaná genderové analýze v oboru dějiny architektury, ale dokládají to a analyzují také některé nedávné sociologické, literárněvědné a historické studie, 6 kterými se budu v textu dále zabývat. Právě jejich feministické metodologické nástroje umožňují absenci genderové otázky vidět a popsat. V našem projektu Architektura (ž.). Ženy, emancipace, architektura v druhé polovině 20. století, a tedy i v této knize se věnujeme genderové analýze vybraných témat dějin architektury doby státního socialismu a přechodu k tržnímu kapitalismu v českém prostředí. V následujícím textu bych v této souvislosti ráda představila některé interdisciplinární feministické nástroje a perspektivy a podpořila názor, že by měly být samozřejmou a nedílnou součástí zkoumání dějin architektury tohoto období u nás.

Makalede XX. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde görülen ve günümüzde etkisini kuvvetle gösteren Postmodern düşüncenin hakikat eleştirilerinin felsefe, bilim ve din bağlamlarında tezahür eden yönleri ve bu yönlerin Çağdaş İslam Düşüncesinde İslâm Dini'nin geleneksel hakikat görüşlerini eleştiri konusu yapan fikrî akımlarla ilişkileri inceleme konusu yapılmıştır.

Buddhist soteriology presents a discovery of a paradox at the very heart of the "human condition". To reach awakening, one has to relinquish central tenets of what makes us human (in conventional understanding), such as mind and self, meaning that the process of awakening is necessarily at the same time also a process of self-overcoming that shatters everything ordinarily understood as human and leaves it behind. In this sense, various strands of Buddhism come close to some contemporary neuroscience's deconstruction of the self and its counterintuitive insights about the mind and intelligence. The main thesis of the present essay is that Buddhism exposes the limits of human intelligence and why it is so ill fitted to becoming awakened, especially when compared to machine intelligence. Unburdened by the organic substrate and the resulting desire and attachment, artificial intelligence (AI) might be a solution to an ancient Buddhist paradox of how the human can be overcome by human means.

The proceedings "Meeting of Young Historians XIV" with the theme Thinking and Society Throughout History present a collection of scholarly papers that explore the relationship between thought and social change in historical development. Doctoral students from various universities and institutions analyze how political, economic, and social transformations influenced the thinking of different social groups and, conversely, how these changes in thought shaped historical processes. Each contribution underwent a peer review by two academic guarantors, whose feedback is reflected in the final version of the proceedings. The topics of the papers are divided into thematic sections corresponding to their presentation at the conference, which took place on October 15–16, 2024, at the Department of History, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.
The proceedings include contributions from the following presenters: Mgr. Michal Pajer, Mgr. Helena Kuncová, Mgr. Barbora Mlyneková, Mgr. Patrik Beňuš, Mgr. Mária Rímešová, Mgr. Pavol Hric, Mgr. Monika Tresová, Mgr. Miriama Balvirčáková, Mgr. Monika Soukupová, Mgr. Ivan Chylák, Mgr. Dorota Tóthová, Mgr. Dominik Šípoš, Mgr. Martin Pastor, and Mgr. Jaroslav Valent.

Whether as subjects for teaching in schools or specialized areas of knowledge, disciplines are based on past productions that are elevated to the status of works, with their memory maintained by codifying the editorial and critical discourses that focus on them. In this sense, disciplinary traditions arise from inextricably linked methodological and memorial decisions. The theoretical aim of the seminar will be to explore the relationship between the production and institution of works by illuminating the logics inherent in the processes of canonization and minimization. The investigation will commence with debates on ‘Philosophy’ and ‘Literature’, analyzing the struggle between orthodoxies and heterodoxies over disputed areas such as, even today, issues of genealogies, choices of periodization, territorial delineation, and the arbitration between centers and peripheries, all from a perspective that considers the history of institutions and textual media. This year's theme is the French "agrégation" competition and its critics. Closing workshop: Tuesday, 6 May 2025.
ENS de Lyon
Salle D8.001
Bâtiment Buisson.

Organisation: Sarah Al-Matary, Delphine Antoine-Mahut, Samuel Lézé, Alessandro Taverniti et Stéphane Zékian.

Description

For 15 years, Henri Bergson, the most important French philosopher of the early 20th-century, taught at the Collège de France. Speaking without notes, most of his classes are now lost to history, but records of a handful of courses fortuitously survived thanks to stenographic transcripts. Conveying Bergson's very voice, these extraordinary documents are finally presented here in English.

The 1904–1905 lectures are dedicated to the topic of freedom, or as Bergson put it, “the evolution of the problem of freedom.” Building on the philosophy of freedom from his first book, Time and Free Will, he proposes that freedom is not only a fundamental human experience but characteristic of all life as such. By retracing how ancient and modern philosophers have dealt with the delicate question of freedom, Bergson demonstrates the necessity, and also the radically new character, of his own theory of freedom.

Bergson's lectures are a feast for many audiences. For philosophers, they give a fuller picture of his thought and contain deep reflections on many core topics in philosophy today, from the nature of time to the difference between brain and mind, the relation between memory and perception, and the vindication of freedom over determinism. For intellectual historians, the lectures are a treasure trove: as a slice of the living thought of a great thinker; as an extended analysis of the natural and human sciences of his day; and as a rich commentary on the history of ancient and modern philosophy. Finally, for cultural historians and literary scholars, the lectures were the cultural capital of Belle Époque France, consumed by elites and a vast educated public. They are also part of an exceedingly rare genre in modern philosophy: spoken, not written, lectures and expressed as a veritable stream of philosophical consciousness that is remarkably structured and analytically lucid.

This research examines and compares the views of Al-Farabi, an Islamic philosopher, and Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher and pioneer of Christian existentialism, on the role of religion in the formation of individual and social identity. The main goal of this research is a comparative analysis of the effects of religion on identity from two different perspectives. The research method is a comparative content analysis based on reliable sources and the main texts of philosophers. Al-Farabi sees religion as a social institution that strengthens the unity and cohesion of society and helps to educate virtuous people. He emphasizes the importance of religious and philosophical leaders in guiding society towards perfection, and believes that religion and reason complement each other. In contrast, Kierkegaard emphasizes the personal and inner experience of religion and considers religion a path to finding the meaning of life and facing existential anxieties. He believes that religion must be experienced individually and directly in order to form a meaningful and authentic identity. The results of this study show that both philosophers emphasize the fundamental importance of religion in the formation of individual and social identity, but they have different approaches and analyses on this issue. Al-Farabi's views are more focused on the social and political role of religion and the upbringing of virtuous people, while Kierkegaard's views are focused on the individual and inner experience of religion and dealing with existential challenges. These differences indicate that both views give a high status to the role of religion in determining human identity.

Yüz yılı aşkın bir süredir modernliği temel veri olarak kabul eden, tüm politika ve siyasetini buna göre belirleyen bir vasatta, gelenekçilik ve modernliğin yer yer yüzleştiği, yer yer çatıştığı bir ortamın zihin bulanıklığı içindeyiz. Düşünce dünyamızda aydınlanmanın iyimserliği ve pozitivizmle iç içe bir batıcılık anlayışı ile geleneğin doğasına aykırı muhtelif "geleneklerin" icadıyla "değere ve öze dönme" iddiasındaki bir gelenekçilik arasında verimsiz çekişmenin hâkimiyeti söz konusu. Bugün modernliğin ne olduğu konusunda tam bir zihin selâmetine ulaş(a)mamışken, işin içine bir de post modern tartışmalar girince, olay tümüyle içinden çıkılmaz bir hal alıyor. Bu durum, dünyayı (olguları) ve onun içinde olup bitenleri (olayları) marazi bir şekilde algılamaya neden oluyor. Söz konusu zihinsel bulanıklık yaşam biçimlerimizde ve evren tasavvurlarımızda amaçsızlık ve meşruiyet sorunu ile bizi baş başa bırakıyor. Bu çalışmada söz konusu meşruiyet sorunu ve tasavvur biçimleri, modernite ve gelenekçilik ikileminde incelenmektedir.

The main topic of the dissertation is the development and changes in the political thinking of Czech reform communism from 1968. While in the 1960s reform communism represented the dominant intellectual and political current, after the military invasion in August 1968 it gradually disappeared from the public discourse and was later completely suppressed by normalization propaganda and labeled as "counter- revolutionary" and "right-wing opportunist" ideology. The central questions of the thesis explore the changes that the political project of reform communism underwent during the twenty-one-year normalization period and the shifts that took place in the "horizon of expectation" of the Czechoslovak socialist opposition in the context of the intellectual and political changes of the 1970s and 1980s. The aim of the thesis is to explain the political perspectives of reform-communist intellectuals in the Czechoslovak opposition after 1968. They represented a...

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las interpretaciones planteadas por los habitantes de Japón sobre los artefactos y yacimientos prehistóricos descubiertos en el archipiélago entre la Antigüedad y el período Edo. En concreto, se analizan las reacciones epistémicas frente a los dōtaku (objetos campaniformes) de la cultura Yayoi, así como los concheros y los útiles líticos de la cultura Jōmon. El análisis directo de las fuentes primarias permite observar cómo la distancia cronológica y tecnológica entre el mundo prehistórico y el Japón premoderno, en sus diferentes etapas, condicionó de manera determinante las respuestas dadas ante estos hallazgos, alumbrando una heterogénea y dispar reacción, que refleja asimismo las diferentes corrientes intelectuales y religiosas antes de que el país abrazase el conocimiento occidental a partir de la Restauración Meiji en 1868. Palabras clave: historia de la arqueología; pensamiento japonés premoderno; cultura Yayoi; cultura Jōmon; mito del gigante; anticuarismo. ENG The archaeological object in the cultural and intellectual tradition of premodern Japan

In this paper, I will discuss the ontology of opposites, their relationship and how Lao Tzu uses them. I will use D. C. Lau’s (Lau hereafter) article, The Treatment of Opposites in “Lao Tzu”, as a starting point for this paper. I will also utilize Sung-Peng Hsu’s (Hsu hereafter) article, Two Kinds of Changes in Lao Tzu’s Thought, to discuss the opposites as Lao Tzu uses them in the Tao Te Ching (the Lao Tzu hereafter).

This research explores the deep interconnection between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ancient Greek Medicine, and Ayurveda, proposing that these systems stem from a single, unified source of knowledge rather than evolving independently. While each tradition expresses its understanding of the body, energy, and healing through distinct cultural lenses, they all share fundamental principles, including elemental theory, life force energy, diagnostic techniques, sexual energy alchemy, vibrational medicine, and holistic healing methodologies. By reexamining historical connections, linguistic evolution, and suppressed knowledge, this paper reconstructs a unified paradigm of medicine and philosophy, which has the potential to bridge gaps between ancient wisdom and modern scientific discoveries. 🌀 The Fifth Element Theory: A Missing Link Across Cultures A key focus of this research is the Fifth Element Theory, which acts as a unifying principle between these traditions. In TCM, Metal represents refinement and structure, in Ayurveda, Ether symbolizes the formless, infinite potential of existence, and in Ancient Greek thought, Aether was understood as the divine breath, the cosmic medium, and the force through which Pneuma (life energy) flows. This suggests that all three traditions describe the same foundational principle, but through different cultural expressions that evolved due to historical fragmentation, religious suppression, and shifts in philosophical interpretation. Additionally, the CIA's Gateway Process document proposes that consciousness is not confined to the body but exists in a universal quantum field, which parallels ancient concepts of Qi, Pneuma, and Prana. If consciousness itself is a fundamental force, then the fifth element serves as the medium through which energy, thought, and healing are conducted.

Se Ella si compiacerà dare un'occhiata alla Memoria, che le acchiudo, ravviserà volentieri, che posso vantarmi di essere stato pel Regno di Napoli l'Apostolo della Vaccinazione» 1. Così si esprime, il 5 dicembre 1816, Antonio Miglietta 2 Per motivare la legittima richiesta, il Segretario perpetuo del Comitato di vaccinazione, compila ed allega una Memoria, leggendo la quale è possibile ripercorrere le tappe più significative della grande opera di promozione della pratica di inoculazione vaccinica nell'Italia meridionale, così come illustrata dal medico inglese Edward Jenner (1749-1823), nel 1798, nel libro An Inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, e poi diffusa in tutto il mondo. Sino alla morte, nel 1826, Miglietta sostenne l'importanza della prevenzione antivaiolosa, fondata sulla vaccinazione di massa. Impiegò le sue energie per la lotta contro i pregiudizi delle vaste masse popolari e le negligenze di medici e amministratori. Fu , nato a Carmiano nel 1767, in una lettera al Ministro dell'Interno Tomasi, per avanzare una richiesta di aumento del suo compenso mensile, pari a tredici ducati al mese. Tanti ne aveva percepiti dall'anno in cui avevano avuto inizio le "tante fatighe", pochi rispetto ai dodici ricevuti dall'usciere!

A partir del estudio de un período particular del siglo XIX (la década que va de 1848 a 1858),  este artículo busca mostrar como la historiografía nacionalista venezolana, -por sus sesgos ideológicas- lejos contribuir al conocimiento del pasado musical caraqueño, silenció una parte significativa de esa etapa (la que tiene que ver con la ópera en Caracas), sencillamente por no ajustarse al programa nacionalista de principios del siglo XX. El estudio se fundamenta en la revisión de fuentes hemerográficas del período en estudio, tomando una postura crítica frente a la historiografía tradicional venezolana.

Müasir dövr Azərbaycan rəngkarlığının inkişaf dinamikası həm üslub,
həm də mövzu baxımından çox rəngarəngdir. Bu rəngarəngliyə xüsusi rəng qatan
mövzulardan biri də esxatologiyadır. Esxatoloji ideyaların yaradıcı təxəyyülü ilə
birləşməsi maraqlı işlərin ərsəyə gəlməsinə səbəb olur. Hazırkı məqalədə müasir
Azərbaycan rəssamlarının əsərlərində esxatologiya mövzusu araşdırılır. Müseyib
Əmirovun “Apokalipsis”, Bəhram Xəlilovun “Cənnət bağı”, Nazim Babayevin
“Müqəddəs dağ” adlı əsərləri nəzərdən keçirilərək təhlil edilir bir neçə
ümumiləşmələr aparılmışdır.

The terms ‘Islam’ and ‘Muslims’ are part of our scientific discussions and social reality. We conduct research on Islam in the past and the present and study texts, artefacts and people in various disciplines from different perspectives and in many places. A preliminary overview of research shows that the two terms signify different things both within different disciplines and in exchanges between them. Nevertheless, the various academic fields seem to share several premises: Muslims are often viewed as a collective, Islam is regarded as a subject (or a ‘thing’) and the historical continuity of Islam is assumed. An interdisciplinary discussion of these assumptions is absent. At this workshop, we look at different academic disciplines and their explicit and implicit premises about Islam. In particular, we examine how Islam has been, and is, defined and conceptualized by modern scholars from Islamic Theology, Islamic Studies, Religious Studies, History, Art History, Archaeology and Anthropology. At the same time, we explore the concept and conceptualization of Islam in different periods in history and in various sources. Through this interdisciplinary and diachronic comparison, we would like to start a discussion on what Islam could mean and how to apply the concept in our research.

İletişimci ve akademisyen. Avustralya'nın Sidney şehrindeki Macquarie Universitesi'nde medya ve iletişim profesörüdür. Kültür çalışmaları, medya teorileri, düşünce tarihi ve antropoloji alanlarını bir araya getiren disiplinlerarası çalışmalarıyla tanınmakta olup kültürün zaman içinde aktarımı, iletişim ve medya arasındaki karmaşık dinamikleriyle ilgilenmektedir. Başlıca eserleri: The New Time and Space (2015), A History of Charisma (2009), Radio in Australia (1989). Emrah Denizhan 1984 yılında Samsun'da doğdu. Lisans derecesini Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü'nde tamamladı. Bir süre Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi'nde Araştırma Görevlisi olarak çalıştıktan sonra İnsan Hakları alanında yüksek lisans yapmak üzere İngiltere'ye gitti. Yüksek lisansını University of Sussex'te "1990'larda Türkiye'de Zorla Kaybetmeler" başlığını taşıyan teziyle bitirdikten sonra aynı üniversitede hukuk doktorasına devam etti. Hak savunuculuğu temelli sivil toplum örgütlerinde aktivist, eğitmen ve koordinatör olarak yer aldı. Son iki yıldır internet tabanlı yayın yapan dergilere çeviriler yapmaktadır.

The Lebanese-Ottoman writer, Jurji Zaydan, was criticized for prioritizing the study of Isrâiliyat in his historical works, in line with his positivist methodology. This paper analyzes the criticisms and opinions of Jurji Zaydan’s work in the Ottoman Archives. This study utilizes the qualitative research method of document analysis. Zaydan's Târîhu't-Temedduni'l-Islâmî, Fetâtu Ğassân and Târih-i Umûmî/et-Târîhu'l-Âm were banned from being published, distributed brought into the Ottoman Empire. Understanding Zaydan’s thought requires awareness of the cultural climate of the Enlightenment (Nahda) and Tanzimat reforms, Arabs populations’ attempts to negotiate increased independence, as well as the effects of nationalism, socialism and liberalism on the late Ottoman Empire. From the mid-19th century onwards, British and French colonial policies promoted scientific positivism, including theories of Social Darwinism and racialized theories of civilization. This study navigates Zaydan’s thought within the context of these colonial policies and the historical effect of social engineering on intellectuals from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Indian Subcontinent.

Pozitivist bir tarih okuma metodu benimseyen Zeydan, eserlerinde İsrâiliyat çalışmalarına öncelik vermiş ve bu nedenle eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Corcî Zeydan’ın eserleri hakkında Osmanlı Arşivleri’nde bulunan kararları incelemektir. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yönteminden doküman incelemesi yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zeydan’ın Târîhu’t-Temedduni’l-İslâmî, Fetâtu Ğassân ve Târih-i Umûmî/et-Târîhu’l-Âm adlı kitaplarının Osmanlı’ya girişi, neşri ve dağıtımı yasaklanmıştır. Zeydan’ı anlamak için Nahda ve Tanzimat’ın kültürel iklimini, Yakın Doğu halklarının müzakere ile yönetilme arayışını anlamaya çalışmalı; milliyetçiliğin, sosyalizmin ve liberalizmin Osmanlı’daki etkileri dikkate alınmalıdır. Pozitivizmin 19. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Britanya ve Fransa sömürgeciliğinin Sosyal Darwinizm, ırksallaştırma ve medeniyet teorileri ile Doğu Akdeniz’den Hint alt kıtasına kadar toplumlar, iktidarlar ve entelektüeller üzerinde yönlendirici politikaları gözetilmelidir.

لقد تبنى زيدان منهجًا تاريخيًا إيجابيًا في دراساته، وأولى اهتمامًا خاصًا بدراسات الإسرائيليات، مما عرّضه للكثير من الانتقادات. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة القرارات المتعلقة بكتب جورج زيدان الموجودة في الأرشيف العثماني. وقد تم إجراء هذا البحث باستخدام المنهج الوصفي من خلال تحليل الوثائق. لقد مُنعت كتب جورج زيدان، ومنها "تاريخ التمدن الإسلامي" و"فتاة غسان" و"تاريخ عام"، من الدخول إلى الدولة العثمانية ونشرها وتوزيعها. لفهم زيدان، يجب علينا فهم المناخ الثقافي للنهضة والتنظيمات، والسعي الذي بذله شعوب الشرق الأوسط نحو الحكم الذاتي. كما يجب أخذ تأثير القومية والاشتراكية والليبرالية في الدولة العثمانية بعين الاعتبار. وعلاوة على ذلك، يجب أن نأخذ في الاعتبار السياسات التوجيهية التي اتبعتها الاستعمار البريطاني والفرنسي منذ منتصف القرن التاسع عشر، والتي استندت إلى نظريات داروينية اجتماعية والعنصرية ونظريات الحضارة، والتي أثرت على المجتمعات والسلطات والمثقفين من شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط ​​إلى شبه القارة الهندية.

Devoir pour Domuni : Metaphysique 1. Dans l'auréole de sa recherche, en tant qu’élaboration vers la métaphysique, l’être se dissocie de la matérialité des monistes de la première heure pour se ‘liquéfier’, se transcender en matière beaucoup plus abstraite qui sera réinterprété par Platon et Aristote comme essence de l’être et comme substance divine.

The existential crises humanity faces are primarily crises of ethics. To solve them, I argue, it is therefore to philosophers that we need to turn and not scientists and engineers. But many philosophers throughout history have been part of the problem of the degeneration of ethics. In this paper I will introduce a new approach in ethics to help solve our ethical crises and regenerate ethics, ecopoiesis, created by process philosopher, Arran Gare. Ecopoiesis refers to the processes of home creation. Its roots are in process philosophy and radical ecology, fields which better understand the real complexities of reality. I model the regenerative ethics of ecopoiesis on the regenerative farming movement using the microbiome as an example of how it works.

This paper explores anti-natalism and attitudes towards environmental preservation. Anti-natalisms of a certain kind, what I call "compassion-based anti-natalisms", adhere to the principle of minimising suffering, and this goes hand-in-hand with the common belief that protecting the environment from destruction is the right thing to do. However, I argue that environmental preservation is, in fact, antithetical to the anti-natalist's aims. This is because environmental preservation is, as I argue, primarily for future generations and has, therefore, pro-natalist attachments: environmental preservation promotes and enables future generations. As a result, environmental preservation conflicts with three of the anti-natalist's fundamental values: the goal of extinction, an overall reduction in suffering, and adherence to a duty of non-procreation. Because of this, I discuss two possible attitudes the antinatalist might take towards environmental preservation: Destruction and Apathy. Destruction involves the active degradation and destruction of the environment to bring about extinction as soon as possible. Apathy is to be "hands-off" towards preservation and degrade the environment more slowly. I state that Apathy is the most suitable attitude for the anti-natalist to take towards the environment because it ascertains a sensible balance within the anti-natalist's values and does not introduce new, morally objectionable outcomes. Finally, I discuss some practical limitations to Apathy and how the anti-natalist might best act in the context of the real world. I conclude that anti-natalists might have to compromise on their values and, paradoxically, support environmental preservation.

Öz: Sosyolog kimliğinin yanında filozof kimliğiyle de öne çıkan Zygmunt Bauman aydınlanma sonrası gelişen modernitenin en önemli eleştirmenleri arasında yer alır. Ona göre Kilisenin geleneksel ahlaki otoritesinin çöküşüyle geleneksel dönemin sonu gelmiş ve yeni bir ahlaki otorite zuhur etmiştir. Yeni ahlaki otorite, aporia'ya karşı evrensel etik kodlar inşa etme ödeviyle modern aklın temsilcisi filozoftur. Ancak Bauman'a göre modern filozof başarılması İmkânsız bir görev üstlenmiştir. Makalede Bauman'ın ahlaki aporia'ya karşı gelişen modern evrensel etik kod arayışı ile bu etik kod arayışının başarısız olmasıyla zuhur eden postmodern ahlaki krize ilişkin düşünceleri incelenmiştir. İki temel bölümden oluşan makalenin ilk bölümü Bauman'ın modern ahlak üzerine çözümlemelerine odaklandı. Makalenin ikinci bölümü modernitenin başarısızlığıyla esasen modernitenin yeni bir aşaması olan, postmodernitenin aporetik yapıdaki ahlakı ve bu ahlakın doğurduğu yeni sorunlar üzerine öne sürdüğü düşüncelerine odaklanmaktadır.

Compositores, promotores y críticos musicales coinciden en aseverar que la música académica de los creadores latinoamericanos de las nuevas generaciones tiene poca difusión.
Este artículo permite determinar cuán verdadera es esta afirmación para Venezuela centrándose en un estudio de caso: Caracas entre 1950 y 1970, periodo en el que se realizaron los Festivales de Música de Caracas. Se analiza cómo la producción de los compositores jóvenes del momento, estudiantes de la cátedra de composición de la Escuela “José Ángel Lamas” (Escuela de Santa Capilla por su locación), estuvo presente en esta tribuna que, dada su trayectoria, la calidad de los participantes y su perfil, fue considerada referente fundamental para Venezuela y el continente Latinoamericano en el ámbito de la música contemporánea.

Parodien religiöser Texte und Praktiken sind in jüdischen, islamischen und christlichen Kontexten überliefert. Die epochenübergreifend angelegte Tagung fragt in interdisziplinärer und komparativer Perspektive zum einen danach, unter welchen Bedingungen religiöse Parodien möglich sind, in welchen Kontexten und zu welchen Zeiten sie vermehrt verfasst werden und wie sie rezipiert oder auch zensiert
werden; zum anderen soll die Frage nach den Funktionen dieser Parodien, ihrem Potential bzw. ihrem Verhältnis zur Tradition sowie ihrer sowohl religions- und kulturgeschicht-lichen als auch gesellschaftlichen und politischen Bedeutung im Fokus stehen.

Öz: Sosyolog kimliğinin yanında filozof kimliğiyle de öne çıkan Zygmunt Bauman aydınlanma sonrası gelişen modernitenin en önemli eleştirmenleri arasında yer alır. Ona göre Kilisenin geleneksel ahlaki otoritesinin çöküşüyle geleneksel dönemin sonu gelmiş ve yeni bir ahlaki otorite zuhur etmiştir. Yeni ahlaki otorite, aporia'ya karşı evrensel etik kodlar inşa etme ödeviyle modern aklın temsilcisi filozoftur. Ancak Bauman'a göre modern filozof başarılması İmkânsız bir görev üstlenmiştir. Makalede Bauman'ın ahlaki aporia'ya karşı gelişen modern evrensel etik kod arayışı ile bu etik kod arayışının başarısız olmasıyla zuhur eden postmodern ahlaki krize ilişkin düşünceleri incelenmiştir. İki temel bölümden oluşan makalenin ilk bölümü Bauman'ın modern ahlak üzerine çözümlemelerine odaklandı. Makalenin ikinci bölümü modernitenin başarısızlığıyla esasen modernitenin yeni bir aşaması olan, postmodernitenin aporetik yapıdaki ahlakı ve bu ahlakın doğurduğu yeni sorunlar üzerine öne sürdüğü düşüncelerine odaklanmaktadır.

This article deals with the history of the concept manufaktura that came about in the Czech historiography after 1948. Based on an examination of period economic, dictionary and historical writing samples from 17th-20th century, the article shows which intellectual traditions this term is based upon and which ones it developed. At a general level, it deals with the construction of the terms that historians use and the synonyms that are (not) to be found in the sources.

V ăn bia là những trang sử đá. Tạo lập văn bia nhằm "gìn giữ cho muôn đời sau" là một điểm chung của rất nhiều nền văn hóa và văn minh cổ trên toàn thế giới, trong đó có Việt Nam. Là cửa ngõ giao lưu trong lịch sử giữa nhiều khu vực văn hóa châu Á, Việt Nam với lãnh thổ hiện nay có một truyền thống văn bia lâu đời về thời gian, rộng lớn về không gian, đa dạng về loại hình, và phong phú về văn tự. Từ góc nhìn ảnh hưởng của các truyền thống bi kí học, văn bia Việt Nam có thể được nhìn nhận từ hai truyền thống văn bia Đông Á và Đông Nam Á. Nội dung dưới đây trình bày một cách giản lược về bi kí học Đông Á (tập trung vào một số thành tựu trong khoảng 30 năm trở lại đây ở Trung Quốc) và Đông Nam Á (qua giới thiệu một cuốn sách tổng thuật), để từ đó nhìn nhận ngành bi kí học Việt Nam đương đại thông qua thành tựu từ một cuốn sách chuyên khảo nhan đề Văn bia Việt Nam: Di sản, văn hóa và lịch sử do Trần Trọng Dương chủ biên.

The concern that Artificial Intelligence (AI) replaces human creativity senses the pervasive consumerist vision of being human that reduces the mystery of the individual and demands infinite productivity. Consumerism can convert resistant embodied practices to serve its vision. As consumerism's opposite image, the mystery of the incarnation of Jesus as a limited human and infinite God can displace the reductive vision. Lingering with the incarnational mystery trains the imagination to envision practices that displace consumerism. This paper argues that practices that affirm human limit and mystery situate AI as a place to cultivate the creative vision that sees creation's tapestry.

Más allá de su importancia como figura militar y política, y de la interminable literatura que existe en torno al personaje histórico, Simón Bolívar ha sido motivo de una importante producción musical vinculada a su gesta heroica, que arranca desde su propio tiempo hasta la actualidad. Desde obras de contemporáneos suyos, nacidos en el período colonial, como Tu nombre, Bolívar de su compadre Lino Gallardo, o la Canción Patriótica para la venida del Libertador de Juan Francisco Meserón; pasando, en las postrimerías del siglo XIX, por la Apoteosis de Bolívar de José María Ponce de León o el Himno a Bolívar de Teresa Carreño, y en el siglo XX, por el Himno al Libertador de Franco Alfano, o las óperas de Andrés Delgado Pardo, Darius Milhaud, Francisco Zumaqué y Thea Musgrave, hasta llegar a obras sinfónico corales de vanguardia como El ocaso del héroe de Antonio Mastrogiovanni o Delirio y descanso de Ricardo Lorenz, lo cierto es que es un repertorio muy poco conocido, y del cual se ha escrito prácticamente nada. Se trata de música dispersa, con fuentes difíciles de encontrar, lo que conlleva además a que se ejecute muy rara vez. La siguiente ponencia propone un levantamiento preliminar de este repertorio dedicado a la figura del Libertador a través de un arqueo de fuentes bibliohemerográficas y fondos documentales, que lleven a un primer inventario de la producción musical vinculada a su vida y obra, y permita un progresivo rescate, recuperación y conocimiento de este repertorio 'heroico'.

L'articolo discute la problematica della "pandemia iatrogena" e critica la dittatura della medicina "scientifica". Si evidenzia la falsità della visione scientista e si mette in luce il rischio di accettare acriticamente nuove teorie senza una valutazione critica. Si sottolinea l'importanza di non confondere l'autorevolezza della fonte con la validità scientifica, poiché la verità non può essere determinata dalla maggioranza o dall'opinione pubblica, bensì richiede un approccio critico e razionale.