History of Public Administration

Faire de l'Histoire avec Daniel Roche Penser les sciences et les savoirs avec Daniel Roche Stéphane Van Damme Cerner la contribution de Daniel Roche à l'histoire des sciences et des savoirs de l'époque moderne pourrait apparaître comme un exercice artificiel, si un récent entretien ne venait jeter une lumière nouvelle sur sa participation au renouvellement historiographique de cette discipline 1. Daniel Roche y rappelle d'abord l'importance de la philosophie des sciences dans sa formation dans les années 1950 où, en propédeutique déjà, il « tente d'écouter Bachelard » qu'il trouve « fascinant et attirant », mais reconnaît que ce premier contact « restait très dépendant des circonstances et de l'improvisation », lié à la lecture des grandes synthèses de l'Histoire générale des sciences dirigée par René Taton 2. Il signale aussi que les épreuves de géographie de l'agrégation d'alors intégraient des connaissances scientifiques relevant de la botanique, de la géologie, du climat. C'est en tant que préparateur à l'agrégation à l'École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud qu'il élargit sa culture générale scientifique, puis dans le cadre de l'enquête d'histoire du livre entreprise par François Furet et Alphonse Dupront où il est chargé d'analyser la catégorie bibliographique « sciences et arts » aux côtés de Jacques Roger et Jean Erhard 3. Plus généralement, comme il l'analyse, « le domaine de l'histoire des sciences souffrait en quelque sorte d'une non-reconnaissance globale par l'ensemble des historiens et d'une dispersion interdisciplinaire et institutionnelle » 4. En France, de Gaston Bachelard à Michel Foucault en passant par Alexandre Koyré ou Georges Canguilhem, l'épistémologie française a questionné une même définition de la science (au singulier) comme système autonome de connaissances en la confrontant à d'autres régimes de scientificité ou de

La investigación analiza los sitios de interés históricos vinculados con la hotelería de fines de siglo XIX y principios de siglo XX en Argentina, considerados como "hotelería de oro". Se estudia el devenir del Hotel Boulevard Atlántico, hito arquitectónico de la localidad de Mar del Sud (Argentina), destino turístico de sol y playa. Actualmente la edificación se encuentra en estado de abandono, imposibilitando su aprovechamiento turístico. Se indaga la opinión de residentes en cuestiones vinculadas con el estado de la edificación y su reconocimiento como recurso cultural y turístico de la localidad. El Hotel Boulevard Atlántico constituye un elemento del patrimonio cultural de la localidad que aporta rasgos diferenciales al destino frente a otros con características naturales compartidas. Su valorización requiere la restauración, conservación y el establecimiento de nuevas funciones vinculadas a los intereses de turistas y residentes.

Communal debts and their licensing represented an important intersection of the private sphere, local-communal, and central administrations in post-1867 Hungary. An evergrowing range of tasks delegated by the state, the necessity to invest in city development and schools, health care, social assistance, to establish the conditions of economic growth, all demanded financial commitment from city governments. New loans were taken from banks in Budapest and upon approval from higher organs, ultimately the Ministry of Interior, creating another tie to the central state. The liquidation of these debts after 1918 was meant to resolve an issue inherited from Hungary. While seemingly an opportunity for the new Romania to strengthen its control over territories populated by ethnic minorities, the process was anything but simple and localities were mainly left on their own, in a sense recreating the situation before 1918

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Von 1949 bis 1991 war Nordrhein-Westfalen Gastland der »Bonner Republik«. Die Beiträger*innen geben aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Aufschluss über die Konstruktion dieses Zeitraums in Kunst, Literatur, Architektur, Film, Medien sowie Politik und legen dar, wie im begrifflichen Spannungsfeld von Temporärem und Dauerhaftem – dem »Provisorium der Permanenz« – ein nationaler Modus Vivendi gefunden wurde. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die »Bonner Republik« ein halbes Jahrhundert nach der Wiedervereinigung nicht nur »historisiert«, sondern auch literarisch und medial befragt wird – nicht zuletzt um die Defizite ihrer vom strategischen Vergessen zersetzten Erinnerungskultur für die Gegenwart verhandelbar zu machen.

Am 10. und 11. November 2011 fand ein internationales Symposium unter dem Titel Deutsch-slawische Kontakte – Geschichte und Kultur anlässlich des 65. Geburtstagsjubiläums der außerordentlichen Professorin Mária Papsonová statt. Das Symposium, dessen wissenschaftliche Beiträge auch in der Frau Mária Papsonová gewidmeten gleichnamigen Festschrift festgehalten wurden, veranstalteten die engagierten Mitarbeiter und Mitarbeiterinnen des Instituts für Germanistik an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Pavol-Josef-Šafárik-Universität in Košice

L'édit de Paulette de 1604 est un acte juridique important dont nous proposons ici d'analyser les conséquences institutionnelles. Cet édit ne crée pas les offices qui existaient depuis le XIIIe siècle, mais il modifie leur nature en conférant des droits de propriété et de transmission inaliénables à l'officier dès lors qu'un impôt (1/60ème de la valeur de l'office) est payé annuellement. À partir des archives du fonds de Sully complétées par des données publiées, notre article met en exergue les modifications économiques (en termes de finances publiques), les transformations socio-politiques (avec l'apparition d'une nouvelle classe sociale) induites par cette financiarisation des offices.

You can download the Chapter from the publisher's webpage (see the link)!! This chapter interrogates whether an identifiable ethos shaped public officeholding across the early modern Spanish Monarchy, arguing that expectations of integrity, impartiality, and disinterest were articulated in law, political thought, and practice, though unevenly realized. It situates such norms within a plural, jurisdictionally fragmented polity whose roots lay in late-medieval distinctions between public and private power and in parliamentary constraints (e.g., Catalan bans on bribery, venality, and extortion) that framed office as a public trust. Mechanisms of accountability—Judici de Taula, visitas, and residencias—both policed misconduct and generated prescriptive ordinances and printed summaries that professionalized procedures and codified duties. While the eighteenth century saw royal initiatives toward merit, training, and a tentative cursus honorum for corregidores, clientelism and jurisdictional diversity persisted. Contemporary treatises and popular testimony condemned gifts, favoritism, and rapid enrichment, revealing a social imaginary that linked good governance to distributive justice and administrative diligence. Yet the absence of a unified civil service, widespread amateurism, and competing legal spheres limited convergence upon a Weberian bureaucracy.

Csaknem 80 éve látott napvilágot Házi Jenő máig alapvető műve, a Sopron középkori egyháztörténete című kötet. 2 A könyv időtállóságát az adja, hogy Házi a hazai viszonyok között Sopron város kivételesen gazdag levéltári anyagát példás precizitással feldolgozta és kiadta, és az abból nyert adatokat munkájába szervesen beépítette. Házi Jenő természetesen igyekezett más gyűjtemények iratait is felhasználni, így a Vatikáni Levéltár fondjaiból az addig megjelentetett forrásközléseket szinte kivétel nélkül kiaknázta. Az azóta eltelt idő, különösen az elmúlt néhány évtized jelentős bővülést hozott a római kutatások terén. 3 Jelen írásomban azt kísérlem meg bemutatni, hogy a római levéltárakban őrzött források segítségével hogyan gyarapíthatók Sopron város egyháztörténetéről alkotott ismereteink. Róma és Sopron -mint centrum és periféria -közötti legélénkebb kapcsolatot alighanem a zarándoklatok jelenthették. Róma mint az akkori világ legnépszerűbb zarándokcélpontja ezrével vonzotta a peregrinusokat, akikről ismereteinket több, eltérő forrástípus vizsgálatával kell összegyűjtenünk. A zarándoklat-kutatás egyik legértékesebb forrása a római Szentlélek-társulat anyakönyve. 4 Mivel a római Santo Spirito in Sassia-ispotály konfraternitásába személyesen beiratkozók haláluk órájában teljes búcsút nyertek, így számos zarándok kereste fel a Borgo-negyedben lévő rendházat. A matrikulában sajnos nem találkozunk soproni kötődésűekkel, Sopron megyéből is mindössze Mihály szanyi áldozópapról tudjuk, hogy felkereste az ispotályt. 5 Bár más forrásból, de biztos ismereteink vannak arról,

Cet article s’appuie sur un cas précis: la catégorie dite des "fillettes anormales" accueillies à l'Hôpital de Saint-Cyprien-des-Attafs (Algérie), chez les sœurs blanches, entre les années 1930 et 1950. Il consolide ou enrichit trois pistes de recherches précédentes:
- le remplacement du système préexistant à la colonisation et la délégation à des institutions privées de personnes en situation de handicap ;
- les discriminations variables en fonction du genre, de la race et surtout la hiérarchisation en fonction des situations de handicap;
- l'agentivité des "enfants" et d'autres protagonistes (aides-soignantes, sœurs, etc.).

De plus, l'article ouvre de nouvelles pistes, en particulier sur deux points: 
- l’importance de l’utilitarisme et de la logique gestionnaire qui a des effets sur les discriminations déjà citées d’une part; 
- l'analyse des récits administratifs d’autre part. En effet, sur ce dernier point, la catégorie "d'enfants anormaux" ou de "fillettes anormales", tout comme les mesures juridiques en lien avec ces conditions, ne correspondent aucunement aux réalités juridiques et pratiques. Il s’agit d’une catégorie administrative fictionnelle.


This article is based on a specific case: the category known as ‘abnormal girls’ taken in by the White Sisters at the Saint-Cyprien-des-Attafs Hospital (Algeria) between the 1930s and 1950s. It consolidates and enriches three previous lines of research:
- the replacement of the system that existed prior to colonisation and the delegation of responsibility for persons with disabilities to private institutions;
- varying discrimination based on gender, race and, above all, the hierarchy based on the type of disability;
- the agency of the ‘children’ and other protagonists (caregivers, sisters, etc.).

Furthermore, the article opens up new avenues of inquiry, particularly on two points:
- the importance of utilitarianism and managerial logic, which has an impact on the forms of discrimination already mentioned; 
- the analysis of administrative narratives. Indeed, on this last point, the category of ‘abnormal children’ or ‘abnormal girls’, as well as the legal measures related to these conditions, do not correspond in any way to practical realities. This is a fictional administrative category.

Karl Egon of Fürstenberg and the making of Joseph II's concept of reform 1771-1773 Based on original manuscript material, the article argues that Joseph II's reforms originated as early as the deliberations on responses to the Bohemian famine of 1771. This article seeks to reconstruct the discussion on the basis of several memoranda which had been hitherto considered as isolated cases. In fact they are linked to each other. This article shows that Fürstenberg's memoranda on the economic state (discovered by the Czech historian Jaroslav Prokeš in 1924) and the Entwurf zur Emporbringung der österreichischen Staaten of 1772 (edited by Ivo Cerman and Michal Morawetz in 2015) were both parts of a long composite memorandum presented by the Oberstburggraf Karl Egon von Fürstenberg. It was commissioned by Maria Theresia and her co-regent Joseph II. The Entwurf, which was authored by Fürstenberg's collaborator Franz Anton von Blanc, already included all the reforms that were later enacted by Joseph II. Maria Theresia passed the Entwurf to State Chancellor Kaunitz for comment, then asked Joseph II for his comments. After that, she declared Kaunitz's memorandum on the Reform of the sistema in internis to be her political testament. It was, however, rather the Entwurf that was the basis of reforms that were really performed after 1780. The Entwurf shows the logic behind the josephine reforms.

A presente investigação incide sobre os movimentos dunares no Noroeste de Portugal, entre o
final do século XVI e meados do século XIX, explorando a capacidade das sociedades da época
para lidar com as alterações costeiras. A problemática central orientou a formulação de três
objetivos fundamentais: 1) identificar a ocorrência, frequência, evolução e intensidade dos
processos de erosão e sedimentação no período e espaço em análise; 2) avaliar os impactos
desses processos geomorfológicos nas estruturas ambientais, económicas e sociais da orla
costeira minhota; 3) examinar as estratégias de resiliência e adaptação desenvolvidas pelas
comunidades e investigar a sua contribuição para a construção de uma consciência de risco.
Para alcançar tais objetivos, foi empregue uma metodologia baseada na análise de uma ampla
diversidade de fontes documentais, permitindo uma abordagem multidimensional com
informações quantitativas e qualitativas. A compilação, organização e exame crítico destas
fontes geraram um acervo substancial de dados sobre as condições ambientais prévias, os
impactos e as respostas públicas e privadas às invasões de areia. Estes dados foram submetidos
a diversas abordagens metodológicas e convertidos em indicadores que revelam as dinâmicas
costeiras e a interação entre as comunidades e a paisagem moldada por essas relações. Os
resultados destacam que os períodos de maior avanço das areias coincidiram com fases de
variação climática e extremos hidrológicos, associados à Pequena Idade do Gelo (1600-1750) até
ao século XIX, bem como à ação da hidrodinâmica. Adicionalmente, evidenciam a importância
das interações entre as populações do litoral e o ambiente, sublinhando o papel ativo destas
comunidades na gestão dos sistemas dunares. As práticas de remoção e plantação do coberto
vegetal, ainda que nem sempre coerentes, refletem os esforços das populações para garantir a
sua sobrevivência, adaptando-se às dinâmicas naturais e explorando os recursos costeiros de
forma estratégica.

The article presents a revised dating of a major late medieval inquisition of heresy, challenging the dating of the records established since the 1880s. The inquisitor Petrus Zwicker's proceedings against Brandenburgian and Pomeranian Waldensians in Stettin did not take place between November 1392 and March 1394, with an 11-month pause between March 1393 and February 1394, as has been the scholarly consensus up till now. Instead, the prosecution was a continuous process that started in November 1393 and lasted till late March 1394. The article discusses the problems of the established dating that is based on now-outdated information about the inquisitor's itinerary and an ambiguous 15th-century commentary on the register volume. The internal evidence of the register, such as the way different deponents refer to the same events, strongly points towards an uninterrupted process. The revised timeline for the inquisitions solves several contradictions in interpreting the records and proposes new lines of inquiry. A novel reconstruction of the last Waldensian minister's visit to Stettin and surroundings is provided in the last section of the article. In general, the article addresses the constant need to re-evaluate established interpretations of premodern sources, including those uncontested in the scholarship.

Livro sobre a história do CCT - Conselho Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, escrito em parceria com Laura Luedy. Textos de apresentação do Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, da Ministra da CTI Luciana Santos e da Chefe da Assessoria do CCT Denise Aparecida Carvalho.

Il saggio mira a ricostruire il percorso della famiglia Pietraviva dal 1300 al 1550. Originari di Chieri, i membri di questa famiglia di mercanti hanno conosciuto un’ascesa sociale significativa, già prima che alcuni di loro si trasferissero a Lione nella seconda metà del Quattrocento. Attraverso l’analisi di documenti fiscali, patrimoniali e notarili, provenienti dai due versanti delle Alpi, si evince che il coinvolgimento nell'amministrazione di risorse fiscali ha avuto un ruolo cruciale nel sostenere e favorire la loro posizione sociale a Chieri, accumulare capitali a Savona, e nella decisione di trasferirsi dall’altro lato delle Alpi. Nel caso dei Pietraviva, poi Pierrevive in Francia, l’investimento nella fiscalità, soprattutto indiretta, è strettamente legato alla mobilità sociale e geografica.

The essay reconstructs the trajectory of the Pietraviva family between 1300 and 1550. Originally from Chieri, this family of merchants experienced a significant social ascent, even before some of its members relocated to Lyon in the second half of the fifteenth century. Drawing on fiscal, patrimonial and notarial sources from both sides of the Alps, the study highlights how their involvement in the administration of fiscal resources played a crucial role in consolidating their social position in Chieri, accumulating economic capital in Savona, and laying the groundwork for transalpine migration. In the case of the Pietraviva family, later Pierrevive in France, investment in taxation, particularly indirect taxation, was intricately linked to social and geographical mobility.

El título de esta contribución es evidentemente una provocación, pero resulta de un potente sentimiento de extrañeza al constatar, tras muchos años de investigación sobre el tema de la historia del «orden público» en España, la indisponibilidad sistemática de documentación sobre las mayores instituciones de la policía en este país. La Historia de la Policía es un campo en pleno desarrollo en varios países de Europa y América, pero también en otros espacios, sudamericanos, africanos o asiáticos. Para limitarse a Europa occidental, muchas son las publicaciones y los proyectos colectivos que abarcan Francia, Bélgica, Gran Bretaña, Alemania, Italia o Suiza y en varios casos, se pueden basar en archivos administrativos y fondos de diversos cuerpos de policía 1. Este campo ha podido desarrollarse en general gracias a la disponibilidad de la documentación e incluso a la ayuda de las instituciones encargadas del orden público. En Francia por ejemplo, desde

This article critically interrogates the epistemological foundations of legal transfers in Uzbekistan, moving beyond conventional explanations based on legal families, colonial legacies, or functionalist efficiency. Study challenges taken-for-granted notions of 'success,' 'efficiency,' and 'adaptation,' revealing them as socially and politically constructed rather than empirically grounded. Legal transfers are reconceptualized as epistemological exercises rooted in two core assumptions: first, that the success of certain countries results directly from their legal norms; and second, that these norms are intrinsically effective and transferable across contexts. However, our findings reveal that local actors rarely investigate causal relationships; instead, these assumptions are taken for granted. This implicit, untested causal logic-appears to be a defining epistemic feature of legal transfer practice. The study highlights selective legal transfers, where actors borrow from legal systems such as Germany, China, Vietnam, Georgia, and Russia-based on shared heritage, perceived success, relevance, or developmental aspiration. It introduces the concepts of multi-layered and second-order legal transfers, where legal norms are filtered through intermediary models and legitimized by narratives of global modernity. deeply embedded within global power structures, reflecting local agency, symbolic legitimacy, and strategic adaptation. We also challenge the myth of 'adaptation' often promoted in legal transfer literature, showing it to be used to legitimize power-driven choices rather than reflect genuine local needs. Study introduces a typology of legal transfers based on epistemic logics-prestige, success, conformity, and functional/performative-that reveals how symbolic authority, perceived performance success, and global power relations shape legal development choices and reform trajectories.

Resumo: Neste artigo, com base em extensa análise documental, estudamos as finanças públicas da cidade de São Paulo desde a implantação do regime republicano até 1930. O regime monárquico brasileiro era um estado unitário, com alto grau de centralização política e alguma autonomia administrativa local. O regime republicano, instaurado em 1889, optou por um regime descentralizado. A capital foi diretamente beneficiada pela autonomia legislativa, financeira e fiscal adquirida. Foi também favorecida de várias maneiras pelo fortalecimento econômico do Estado de São Paulo, que se transformou no estado mais rico do país. Durante esse período, a população da cidade de São Paulo multiplicou-se por 13, representando uma taxa de crescimento de 6,7% ao ano. Nesse mesmo período a receita orçamentária, em libras, multiplicou-se por 19. Esse crescimento exigiu investimentos significativos na estrutura urbana da cidade, que em muitos casos contava com o apoio do governo do Estado ou recursos obtidos por endividamento, cujo serviço tornou-se um item bastante oneroso para a municipalidade no final de período em análise.

Předkládaná diplomová práce si klade za cíl provést prostřednictvím komparativní metody analýzu vybraných typů vrchnostenských písemností, vydávaných úředníky panských kanceláří na sklonku 16. a v 1. polovině 17. století za účelem zjištění podoby formálního styku vrchnosti s poddanými, stylu úřadování a způsobu komunikace vrchnosti s úředníky.

Stosunki pomiędzy endecją a sanacją w kontekście komunizmu w latach 1935-1938 na podstawie "Warszawskiego Dziennika Narodowego" Narodowa Demokracja-jako największa polityczno-ideologiczna siła antykomunistyczna w II Rzeczpospolitej-zwracała uwagę na walkę z wpływami wywrotowymi. Jednak oprócz własnej aktywności na tym polu, przyglądała się ona także poczynaniom sanacji. Jak się również okazało i w tym aspekcie dochodziło do starć i nieporozumień na linii narodowcy-ekipa rządząca. Za taki stan rzeczy winę ponoszą obie strony. Endecy nieprzychylnie podchodzili do starania sanacji w walce z wpływami KPP. Jedną z przyczyn tej sytuacji było przekonanie, iż tylko oninarodowi demokraci-mogą i powinni zajmować się oraz kierować akcją antykomunistyczną w Polsce. Narodowcy przedstawiali więc siebie jako jedyną siłę polityczną w II Rzeczypospolitej, która była odporna na wpływy komunistów oraz przekonywali, że mieli gotowy plan działania. Ponadto starali się na każdym kroku podkreślać nieudolność ekipy rządzącej w walce z komuną. Jeśli chodzi o sanację, to należy przyznać, że nie ułatwiała ona zadania narodowcom. Często dochodziło do sytuacji odwoływania wieców antykomunistycznych organizowanych przez endecję, a także do represjonowania tych działaczy obozu narodowego, którzy nie chcieli podporządkować się poleceniom władzy. Wydaje się, że na tej swoistej walce o antykomunizm cierpiała sama istota sprawy. Osłabianie akcji endecji na tym polu przez sanację oraz niechęć tych pierwszych do współpracy z rządzącymi sprawiły, iż uderzenie w siły wywrotowe nie miało odpowiedniej siły.

WINE PRODUCTION IN SOLT DURING THE MIDDLE AGES

The Danube-Tisza interfluve, and the area along the Danube in particular, are not among the better-known wine-growing regions of Hungary. This was also the case in the Middle Ages, when the centre of Hungarian wine production lay on the river’s right bank, in the Tolna-Baranya region and in the Szerémség (Srem) region. Viticulture was practiced throughout the Carpathian Basin and cheap wine for daily consumption – what would today pass as table wine – could be produced in regions with suitable conditions. Fortuitously, a handful of invaluable charters have survived
about Solt or, better said, about the wine hill rising beside the settlement – currently known as Meleg-hegy – which provide a glimpse into the wine production of a market town on the Hungarian Plain. The Meleg-hegy is a north to south oriented, roughly 6 km long elevation covering some 8 km2, whose greatest breadth is 2 km. The area of the wine hill was carved up between several settlements in medieval times. The greatest portion of the mountain was in the ownership of the market town of Solt; the production data indicate that intense wine growing was practiced on the mountain. Four medieval documents (dating from 1410, 1462, 1513 and 1516, respectively) contain data on wine growing in Solt. Among these, the charter from 1513 is particularly important because it records that the residents of more distant settlements also had vineyards on the Solt wine hill, representing the first documented instance of so-called extraneus (non-local) ownership on the Hungarian Plain during the Middle Ages.
The volume of wine production in Solt can be determined from the Ottoman tax registers. In 1578, the tithe paid by Solt was the highest in the sanjak of Szeged (30,000 akçe), the second highest, amounting to no more than 7500 akçe, was paid by Szeged. This would suggest that viticulture played a prominent role at Solt and that the main products were in all likelihood table wines for daily consumption. One important element of our research, the role of community archaeology, must be highlighted. The Katona József Museum of Kecskemét was among the first to organise a group of local enthusiasts, many of whom participated in the survey of the Solt wine hill. Although very few finds were collected in the area (mostly fifteenth- and sixteenth-century pottery fragments, sixteenth-century coins, a knife hilt mount), their work nevertheless contributed to a better knowledge of the area’s history. The finds would suggest that there were various economic buildings, press-houses and cellars during medieval times on the wine hill (promontorium) that were important settings of daily

The Danube-Tisza interfluve, and County Solt in particular, was one of the least urbanised regions in the Kingdom of Hungary, characterised by a dearth of towns in the Middle Ages. Aside from a handful of market towns, most of the known settlements were villages. In County Solt (~2800 km2) there were some 160 villages to the three market towns. The morphological study of the medieval sites of County Solt was undertaken with a complex GIS-based methodological approach combined with the assessment of historical maps, aerial photos and satellite images. The
satellite images and drone photos made of the cultivated areas during non-vegetation periods proved to offer the best options for studying the plan of deserted and destroyed settlements. We found that the traces of the one-time occupation could best be seen on the low- and high-altitude images if the soil conditions were appropriate. The investigation of medieval settlements in built-up areas is considerably hampered by modern buildings and various infrastructural elements, constraining any observations that can be made in these locations. A study of possible continuity is indispensable to the identification of the archaic elements, the streets and the medieval core of modern settlements. According to the current record, there were 106 churches in County Solt, of which 79 have been identified in the field. Among these, the plans of 25 buildings are partially or wholly known. It must here be highlighted that until the close of the twentieth century, all information on settlement layouts came from excavations. From the 2010s, the application of non-invasive techniques, aerial archaeology and geophysics (ground-penetrating radars) have opened up the opportunity to determine the structure and size of one-time buildings at lower costs and more efficiently. Aside from the episcopal cathedral of Kalocsa, the highest tier of ecclesiastic buildings in County Solt was represented by the parish churches in the market towns. The location and distinctive traits of the parish churches are known in two of the county’s three market towns (Kalocsa, Dunapataj and Solt). The many village churches represent the next tier below the parish churches of the market towns. Some of the village churches were quite large, with a
length exceeding 20 m, approximating the size of the parish churches in the smaller market towns.

Il primo prefetto che ricordo con queste brevi note, insediatosi nello storico palazzo Corner 1 , è Agostino D'Adamo. Nato in provincia di Foggia nel 1876, laureatosi con una tesi in scienza delle finanze e diritto finanziario da cui trasse una pubblicazione 2 , entrato in carriera per concorso a 23 anni, prestò servizio a San Severo, L'Aquila, Crotone, di nuovo L'Aquila, Roma-ministero come capo gabinetto del sottosegretario Alfredo Falcioni, Livorno con incarico di regio commissario presso il Comune 3 , Firenze ancora come regio commissario. Durante la prima guerra mondiale fu addetto al Comando supremo con funzioni di Segretario generale per gli affari civili. Aveva solo 41 anni quando fu nominato prefetto (1 settembre 1917) e de-

V jednom ještě bude letošní rok výjimečný. Letos poprvé v historii navštívil Dalajlámu v jeho exilu v indické Dharamsale úřadující prezident státu. Byl jím český prezident Petr Pavel a k setkání došlo 27. 7. 2025 u příležitosti Dalajlámových 90. narozenin.

I tibetský premiér hovořil o historickém okamžiku pro Tibet a jeho lid. Dalajláma byl u nás jedenáctkrát, Petr Pavel mu chtěl alespoň jednou oplatit jeho náklonnost. Český prezident se tímto výrazným gestem jasně přihlásil k odkazu Václava Havla, kterého též od přátelství s Dalajlámou žádný stát ani člověk neodradil. Přihlásil se jednoznačně k ideálům humanity, nenásilí, kultury, buddhismu, nenásilného boje za svobodu, lidská práva a národní sebeurčení. Konečně po letech strádání, omylů i faux pas ostatních prezidentů může být člověk doopravdy hrdý na prezidenta ČR! Odvahu, rozhodnost a morální kredit mu mohou leckteré hlavy států závidět!

Ano, najdou se i tací, kteří budou bázlivě poukazovat „Co na to, proboha, Čína?“ – na čínskou dominanci ve světovém (merkantilním nikoliv intelektuálním) měřítku. No a co? To je jiný příběh a do pohádky o neoddiskutovatelném hrdinném kroku českého prezidenta vůbec nepatří.

The decrees of the Neapolitan Gran Corte della Vicaria and the cases it discussed give some insight into the housing of the Neapolitan population during the 18th century. The paper investigates the typology of housing, the social position of owners and lodgers, access to water infrastructure, and the practice of subleasing. The peculiar relationship between the scarcity of available space and the increasing demographic pressure is shown to be a critical element destined to worsen housing condition.

N egli anni '30 del secolo scorso l'Etiopia era l'unico stato dell'Africa orientale non ancora caduto sotto il dominio coloniale europeo. La debolezza della Società delle Nazioni incoraggiò Mussolini a formare in Africa orientale un impero coloniale compatto con la conquista e l'annessione dell'Abissinia. Da mezzo secolo la confinante Eritrea e alcune parti della Somalia si trovavano in mani italiane; l'intenzione di Mussolini era di procurare a Roma una posizione dominante sul Mar Rosso per contendere ai britannici il controllo della via marittima per l'India. In Germania il governo nazionalsocialista approfittò abilmente del momento favorevole per sostenere il dittatore italiano, ampiamente isolato dalla Società delle Nazioni. Nel corso della guerra si verificò un progressivo avvicinamento dei due Stati; per Hitler fu l'occasione di realizzare l'obiettivo, a lungo auspicato, di una alleanza con l'Italia. I preparativi per la guerra furono avviati senza particolare segretezza. La conquista dell'impero di 1,1 milioni di chilometri quadrati, progettata come guerra lampo, sarebbe dovuta durare, grazie all'impiego massiccio di aerei ed armamenti moderni, solo pochi mesi. Obiettivo principale delle operazioni militari era la rapida occupazione della residenza imperiale e della capitale Addis Abeba!. Le potenze occidentali reagirono ai preparativi bellici italiani in modo vago ed esitante. Non era tanto l'attacco imminente all'indipendente Etiopia a preoccupare Gran Bretagna e Francia, che pure disponevano di un vasto impero coloniale, quanto il possibile pericolo che ne derivava per l'equilibrio tra le potenze internazionali. Le loro preoccupazioni erano concentrate sulla corsa agli armamenti della Germania, cosicché lasciarono mano libera a Mussolini nel Corno d'Africa 2 • Anche la forte concorrenza tra USA e Gran Bretagna ebbe un effetto favorevole sulle operazioni italiane. Soltanto l'Unione Sovietica era a favore di sanzioni realmente efficaci: richiese il blocco del transito attraverso il canale di Suez, cosa che avrebbe impedito in gran parte l'invio di rifornimenti militari e che avrebbe isolato completamente 75

štúdie
Tomáš TANDLICH
Kongregačné spisy Bratislavskej stolice z rokov 1669 – 1683.
Výber prameňov k dejinám územia západného Slovenska
v druhej polovici 17. storočia

Peter PODOLAN
Historiografické črty v Starých novinách literního umění (1785 – 1786)

Martin HORIČKA
Zmluva, ktorá nebola. Neúspešné rokovania o spojenectve
medzi Československom a Francúzskom (1946 – 1947)

dokumenty
Peter KAŠIAK
Korešpondencia Františka Víťazoslava Sasinka a Pavla Mudroňa

spomíname
Peter PODOLAN
PhDr. Alžbeta Sopušková (1954 – 2024)

Giresun During the Justice Party Era According to Archiaval Documents (1965-1971) ÖZET Adalet Partisi dönemi (1965-1971) içerisinde Giresun'da pek çok gelişme yaşanmıştır. Bu gelişmelerde elbette dönem içerisinde Giresun'dan Başbakanlığa gönderilen talep yazıları etkili olmuştur. Bu dönemde Giresun'da yeni okullar inşa edilmiş ve hem okul hem öğrenci sayılarında önemli bir artış yaşanmıştır. Yeni okulların yapılmasında Giresun'dan giden talep yazılarının etkisi düşünüldüğünde bu durum Giresun halkının eğitime verdiği önemi ve iş olanaklarının kısıtlı olduğu ilde eğitimin iş sahibi olmak için en önemli yol olduğunu göstermektedir. Yine talepler doğrultusunda ilin bayındırlık işleri için de adımlar atılmış ve yeni yolların ve köprülerin yapımına ilişkin kararlar alınmıştır. Bu dönemde ilin idari yapısına ilişkin de çeşitli düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Ancak düzenlemeler geniş kapsamlı olmamıştır. Giresun çeşitli maden rezervlerine sahiptir. İldeki madenlere ek olarak Adalet Partisi döneminde de 3 yeni pirit madeni keşfedilmiş ancak bunların işletilmesi 60 yıllığına Etibank'a bırakılmıştır. 1965-1968 yılları arasında Giresun'da sel ve kasırga gibi pek çok doğal afetler yaşanmıştır. Can ve mal kaybına neden olan bu afetlerin yaşanmasından hemen sonra hükümet, hızlı bir şekilde karar alarak afetzedelere yardım için fonlar ayırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi'nde bulunan belgeler ile telif ve tetik eserler ışığında Adalet Partisi döneminde Giresun'da eğitim, doğal afetler, bayındırlık, madencilik ile mülki ve idari alanlarda meydana gelen gelişmeler ortaya konulmuştur.

Cíle této monografie se dají rozdělit do dvou oblastí, což se odrazilo ve struktuře monografie samotné. Jednak uvedení teorie jazykové politiky do českého kontextu, jednak její aplikace na české země v období od konce 18. století do roku 1945, primárně na bázi česko-německých vztahů, s přesahem až do současnosti. Dále jsou zde definovány konstanty i proměnné jazykové politiky v českých zemích. Právě poznání a pochopení fungování jazyka ve společnosti v co největší šíři může umožnit vytyčení principů, jichž by bylo záhodno se při plánování nových legislativních konceptů držet či vyvarovat.

Kurumsallaşma, modern devlet yapılarının sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak ve bürokratik işleyişi etkin hale getirmek için kritik bir süreçtir. Kurumların belirli normlar, kurallar ve yapılar çerçevesinde uzun vadeli bir istikrar kazanması, sadece idari düzenin sağlanmasını değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal ve ekonomik gelişimin de sürdürülebilir olmasını mümkün kılar. Kurum tarihi çalışmaları ise, sürecin tarihsel bağlamda nasıl geliştiğini anlamak açısından önem arz eder. Bir kurumun geçmişi, dönüşüm süreçleri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, modernleşme amacıyla yapılan reformların etkilerini ortaya koyar. Bu çalışmada, kurumsallaşma kavramının teorik çerçevesi ele alınarak kurum tarihi çalışmalarının önemi vurgulanmış, ardından Osmanlı Devleti’nde altyapı ve bayındırlık faaliyetlerinden sorumlu olan Nafiâ Nezareti’nin kurumsallaşma süreci incelenmiştir.

Becoming a Ban in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century
Zsigmond/Žigmund Erdődy’s linguistic preparation for holding the supreme office in Croatia and Slavonia

The study explores a hitherto little-researched topic, foreign language acquisition by the bans in Croatia and Slavonia, through the example of Count Zsigmond/Žigmund Erdődy (1593–1639), who was himself a ban from 1627 to 1639. The research is primarily based on his voluminous correspondence preserved in the family archives of the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna. Since the state union of Hungary and Croatia, established in 1102, became part of the Central European Habsburg Monarchy after 1526, the bans of Croatian-Slavonian territories, united due to the Ottoman advance from the middle of the century, had to speak at least four languages at a high level of proficiency to be able to hold their office successfully. In addition to Croatian, they needed to acquire the language of Hungarian administration (Latin), the mother tongue of their political partners in Hungary (Hungarian), and, finally, the main language of the central governmental bodies of the monarchy (German). In the case of Zsigmond Erdődy, this took place within the frames of a very conscious preparation arranged by his father, Ban Tamás/Toma I (1558–1624), who was also multilingual, similar to the grandfather, Ban Peter/Petar II (1504–67). Zsigmond was a native speaker of the Hungarian and Croatian languages, which he acquired from his parents and their Croatian-speaking employees, as he was mostly raised in the family’s castles in Zagreb and Varasd/Varaždin counties. Between 1609 and 1612, he learnt Latin at the Jesuit gymnasium in the imperial city of Vienna, where he also familiarised himself with the monarchy’s capital and made important contacts. Returning home, he did not hold any office between 1612 and 1620. In this period, he lived on the estates in Varasd/Varaždin county and corresponded with his father mostly in Croatian, but he also learnt German. The latter language was of particular importance to him. His wife, Anna Maria Keglevics/Keglević, whom he married in 1616, had been brought up partly in Styria. With her, he mostly communicated in German, less often in Croatian or Hungarian. Consequently, multilingual communication needed for filling the position of the ban, which Erdődy obtained in 1627, did not present any difficulties to him. He had no problem communicating with the Croatian and Slavonian estates in Croatian, and with the Hungarian dignitaries north of the Drava in Hungarian. He corresponded with his brothers and cousins in Hungarian, Croatian, and Latin, even within Croatia. At the same time, with the government authorities in Graz, and the aristocrats and towns in Styria, he had discussions in German. However, this was not a rare phenomenon among the bans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Draskovics/Drašković, Frangepán/Frankopan, Keglevics/Keglević, and Zrínyi/Zrinski families were also often multilingual. The study thus equally contributes to research on multilingualism that currently enjoys its heyday and adds valuable information to the exploration of the family history, art history, political and church history, and peregrinationes of the Erdődys, as well as the history of early modern Croatian-Hungarian relations in general.

Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni (Milan, 1785
‡ Milan, 1873) is the author of the historical novel I
promessi sposi (The Betrothed), which combines historic facts with the struggles of the two betrothed silkweavers in the seventeenth century on the basis of an
allegedly found manuscript. The original novel contained an appendix as well, an essay entitled History
of the Infamous Column, usually omitted from contemporary editions. The paper offers less known information on ‡ and provides connections between ‡
the two texts while focusing on the details regarding
Manzoni’s depiction of the 1630 plague in Milan and
his implicit but devastating critique of social relations,
judicial responsibility and the role of the nobility. The
analysis will extrapolate and comment on the data
regarding the epidemiological measures and atrocious
punishments for their violations as well as on their
counterparts in the modern-day COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT:
The issue of public security and policing in the Philippine Islands during the Spanish period has been very scarcely investigated by the historiography. In this paper we present the main advances of our research in this regard in recent years. Research still in progress, but which has already allowed the identification of the main figures and institutions of public order and police in the archipelago, particularly in its capital, Manila, during the more than three hundred years of Spanish rule.
About some periods and structures, we still do not know much. Thus, in some cases, such as that of the "alcaldes de barrio" established at the end of the 18th century, we still have an arduous task ahead of us in the search for new sources of information. In others, such as the Manila Police Station established between 1859 and 1872, we have already managed to rescue a considerable volume of information through the Spanish archives, a fundamental basis for further research, in documentation of Philippine origin, more details about a civilian police structure so far largely unknown.
In short, this work provides the basic coordinates on an issue so far very marginalized by historiography, being, in addition, the basis on which to continue developing future research.

RESUMEN:
La cuestión de la seguridad pública y la policía en las islas Filipinas durante el período español ha sido muy escasamente investigada por la historiografía. En el trabajo actual presentamos los principales avances de nuestra investigación al respecto de los últimos años. Una investigación todavía en curso, pero que ha permitido ya la identificación de los principales figuras e instituciones de orden público y policía en el archipiélago, particularmente en su capital, Manila, durante los más de trescientes años de soberanía española.
Sobre algunas épocas y estructuras es todavía mucho lo que desconocemos. Así, en algunos casos, como el de los alcaldes de barrio establecidos a finales del siglo XVIII nos queda por delante una ardua tarea de búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de información. En otros, como el de la Comisaría de Vigilancia de Manila establecida entre 1859 y 1872, ya hemos conseguido rescatar un considerable volumen de información a través de los archivos españoles, una base fundamental para continuar investigando, en documentación de procedencia filipina, más pormenores sobre una estructura policial civil hasta ahora enormemente desconocida.
En definitiva, este trabajo proporciona las coordenadas básicas sobre una cuestión hasta ahora muy marginada por la historiografía siendo, además, la base sobre la que continuar desarrollando futuras investigaciones.

Mocenská struktura Kutné Hory v poděbradské éře představuje hlavní badatelský záměr této disertační práce. Jejím primárním cílem je podrobná analýza mechanismu městské správy a jejího vlivu na fungování pozdně středověkého města. Zároveň se práce zaměřuje na identifikaci a vymezení městských elit v domácím kontextu, tedy na otázku, kdo tyto elity tvořil.
První rovinou výzkumu je sledování proměn personálního složení městských úřadů, jejich vzájemného propojení a mocenských vztahů. Druhým cílem je analýza vazeb mezi jednotlivými složkami městské správní struktury. Výzkum vychází z aplikace strukturální analýzy a prosopografického přístupu. Zvláštní důraz je kladen na socioekonomické faktory hlavních aktérů a jejich vliv na postavení v městské správě. Dále je věnována pozornost mocenské hierarchii a míře autonomie jednotlivých správních složek v kontextu fungování městské politiky poděbradské éry.

The power structure of Kutná Hora during the Poděbrady era constitutes the primary research focus of this dissertation. Its main objective is a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of municipal administration and its influence on the functioning of a late medieval town. At the same time, the dissertation aims to identify and define urban elites in the local context, specifically addressing the question of who these elites were.
The first level of research examines the transformations in the personnel composition of municipal offices, their interconnections, and power relations. The second objective is the analysis of the links between the various components of the municipal administrative structure. The research is based on the application of structural analysis and the prosopographical approach. Particular emphasis is placed on the socio-economic factors of the main actors and their influence on their position within municipal governance. Additionally, attention is given to the power hierarchy and the degree of autonomy of individual administrative  components within the context of municipal politics during the Poděbrady era.

Hacia mediados del siglo XX, Mar del Plata dejó de ser un balneario exclusivo para las elites argentinas y se consolidó como destino turístico accesible para las clases bajas. Esta transición se materializó en su tejido urbano mediante un boom de la construcción basado en el edificio en altura y en el régimen de propiedad horizontal. Víctor Pegoraro reconstruye la historia de la industria de la construcción marplatense durante este período determinante para la consolidación de su identidad urbana, y realiza un aporte microhistórico relevante acerca del modelo de empresa familiar en el que se sustentó.

Jonathan Pärli, Rezension von/compte rendu de: Mélanie Fabre, Hussardes noires: Des enseignantes à l’avant-garde des luttes. De l’affaire Dreyfus à la Grande Guerre, Marseille (Agone) 2024, 432 p. (Mémoires sociales), ISBN 978-2-7489-0549-6, EUR 23,00., in: Francia-Recensio 2025/2, 19.–21. Jahrhundert – Histoire contemporaine, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/frrec.2025.2.110918